PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 06, 2026
A curated digest of 96 trending PubMed articles, automatically categorised and summarised across 15 research areas.
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PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 06, 2026
Automated digest · 96 articles · 15 research areas · May 06, 2026
Overview
Across this week’s articles, a dominant theme is precision risk stratification and mechanism-linked prevention. Studies used large cohorts and multi-omics (e.g., UK Biobank proteomic aging clocks; protein-based CKD risk scores; metabolomics/immune networks in colorectal cancer; and genetic/behavioral tools for psychiatric disease risk) to move beyond one-size-fits-all care. Several works also emphasize modifiable pathways—such as brain-health behaviors to reduce schizophrenia/bipolar risk, dietary fibers and supplements reshaping microbiota–bile acid signaling, and targeted nutritional or pharmacologic strategies to prevent long-term complications (e.g., antipsychotic-induced weight gain).
A second major theme is immune modulation in cancer and inflammatory disease. Multiple studies connect immune cell states and spatial organization to therapy response or resistance: circulating tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cell phenotypes predicting checkpoint inhibitor outcomes in NSCLC; TAM metabolic programming (SLC2A1/GLUT1) shaping CD8+ function and immunotherapy resistance; and macrophage–fibroblast or endothelial recruitment programs driving glioblastoma resistance. Mechanistic cancer biology is further advanced by work on specific molecular axes (e.g., SIRT3–STEAP4 cuproptosis evasion in HBV-HCC; TRMT61A–ONECUT2 m1A stability in CRC; and autophagy/radiation resistance pathways), alongside clinical translation efforts such as AAV anti-VEGF gene therapy for nAMD and multiple targeted oncology regimens.
Finally, the digest highlights growing translational momentum in supportive and systems-level care. Trials and reviews address perioperative and rehabilitation outcomes (chronic post-surgical pain after day-case surgery, placebo/nocebo education for anesthesiology, and noninvasive neuromodulation approaches like tFUS), while obstetric/gynecologic guidance and epidemiology (cervical cancer disparities, pelvic floor dysfunction after pelvic radiotherapy, placenta accreta spectrum guidelines, and PCOS diagnostic frameworks) underscore the importance of equity and standardized care pathways. Together, these studies reflect a broad shift toward combining mechanistic insight with scalable clinical implementation.
Psychiatric risk prediction & prevention
Modifiable risk factors and risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder across severities of genetic risk.
This study used UK Biobank data to test whether the brain care score (BCS), a 12-factor modifiable risk tool, predicts incident schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) risk across strata of genetic risk measured by polygenic risk scores (PRS). Higher BCS was associated with lower SCZ/BD risk, with effects varying by PRS genetic-risk level as assessed by interaction and stratified Cox proportional hazards models. These findings support using modifiable brain-health behaviors captured by BCS to reduce severe psychiatric disease risk even in individuals with high inherited liability.
Cui Y, Sun Y, Liu S et al. · Journal of affective disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
The global prevalence of eating disorders in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis studied the global prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) in children and young people by pooling population-level prevalence estimates from studies published between January 2013 and February 27, 2024. The key finding was the worldwide pooled prevalence of EDs in CYP using random-effects meta-analysis and heterogeneity/quality assessment. Public-health significance lies in establishing baseline global burden to guide prevention, early detection, and resource allocation for youth mental health services.
Faria C, Daneshi K, Baser A et al. · European child & adolescent psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Effects of Exercise Intervention in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Mediating Role of Executive Function.
This randomized controlled trial studied a 20-session combined aerobic and physical-cognitive exercise intervention in 66 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), assessing symptom severity and executive function using SNAP-IV, BRIEF, and WEISS-P scales. The exercise group showed significant group-by-time improvements across all SNAP-IV and WEISS-P dimensions and in global executive composite (GEC) and behavioral regulation index (BRI) compared with a wait-list control. The results support exercise-based, executive-function–mediated treatment as a nonpharmacologic strategy to improve core ADHD symptoms and functional impairment in young children.
Huang H, Bian Z, He C et al. · Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
INTEGRATE: international guidelines for the algorithmic treatment of schizophrenia.
The INTEGRATE project developed international consensus guidance for algorithmic pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia by synthesizing an umbrella review, expert workshops, a consensus survey, and lived-experience focus groups. The resulting guideline and associated digital tool provide a structured algorithm intended to standardize treatment decisions across countries while addressing multiple symptom domains and physical health comorbidities. This consensus framework could improve consistency and quality of schizophrenia pharmacotherapy globally.
McCutcheon RA, Pillinger T, Varvari I et al. · The lancet. Psychiatry · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Metformin for the Prevention of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Guideline Development and Consensus Validation.
This guideline development and consensus validation study focused on using metformin to prevent antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) in people with severe mental illness (SMI). It reported that a structured guideline for metformin use was developed and validated using AGREE II–based processes (with consensus supporting metformin as the most effective studied pharmacologic prevention strategy). The clinical significance is improved translation of evidence into standardized practice to reduce AIWG and associated obesity risk in SMI populations.
Carolan A, Hynes-Ryan C, Agarwal SM et al. · Schizophrenia bulletin · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Six types of loves differentially recruit reward and social cognition brain areas.
This fMRI study investigated how different love targets—romantic partner, children, friends, strangers, pets, and nature—recruit reward and social cognition brain regions in humans by inducing feelings of love using short stories. Neural activation patterns differed by love object, indicating that the brain networks engaged during love are not uniform but depend on the specific target. These findings refine models of social-emotional neuroscience by mapping object-dependent circuitry underlying distinct forms of love.
Rinne P, Lahnakoski JM, Saarimäki H et al. · Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Reproductive biology & fertility mechanisms
Male germ cell-specific deletion of Eif5 causes the apoptosis of mouse progenitor spermatogonia by excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress and defective DNA repair.
Researchers generated male germ cell-specific Eif5 conditional knockout mice by crossing Eif5 fl/fl with Stra8-Cre to determine how loss of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) affects spermatogenesis. Eif5 deletion caused apoptosis of progenitor spermatogonia driven by excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and impaired DNA repair, reducing SOX3+ progenitor spermatogonia and Kit+ cell populations. The work identifies eIF5 as a critical regulator of germ-cell survival pathways and suggests mechanistic targets for idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (iNOA) linked to EIF dysregulation.
Wei H, Huang Y, Wang W et al. · Zoological research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Vitamin C conveys geroprotection on primate ovaries.
This primate study tested whether oral vitamin C can mitigate ovarian aging by conducting a 3.3-year intervention in monkeys and assessing aging biomarkers and cellular clocks. Vitamin C reduced oxidative stress and follicular depletion and, using a single-cell transcriptomic clock, decreased the biological age of oocytes and somatic cells, partly via activation of the NRF2 pathway. The findings support vitamin C as a potential geroprotective agent for reproductive aging and highlight NRF2-mediated antioxidant mechanisms.
Jing Y, Lu H, Li J et al. · Cell stem cell · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Intermittent fasting boosts sexual behavior by limiting the central availability of tryptophan and serotonin.
This study tested whether intermittent fasting (IF) affects age-related declines in male reproductive behavior in aged C57BL/6J mice by limiting central availability of tryptophan and serotonin. IF preserved reproductive success primarily by enhancing mating behavior rather than improving sperm quality or endocrine measures, and the effect was attributed to reduced serotonergic inhibition via decreased tryptophan supply. These results suggest a mechanistic link between dietary timing, tryptophan/serotonin signaling, and behavioral fertility in aging males.
Xie K, Wang C, Scifo E et al. · Cell metabolism · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Diet–microbiome–metabolism interactions
Oat β-glucan reshapes gut microbiota to enhance glucose homeostasis via coordinated modulation of bile acid conjugation and succinate-dependent intestinal gluconeogenesis.
This study tested whether oat β-glucan improves glucose homeostasis by reshaping gut microbiota and altering bile acid conjugation and succinate-dependent intestinal gluconeogenesis in obese mice. Oat β-glucan improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, increased GLP-1 secretion, and promoted secondary bile acids (including lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid) alongside enrichment of Faecalibaculum, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia. The results mechanistically link a specific dietary fiber to microbiota–bile acid–metabolic signaling that could be leveraged for diabetes prevention or adjunct therapy.
Meng Y, Li S, Zhou K et al. · Food chemistry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
The effects of AG1® supplementation on the gut microbiome of healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested 4 weeks of daily AG1® (a multi-ingredient supplement powder) versus placebo in healthy men and women (15 men and 15 women) assessing gut microbiome changes and GI tolerability. AG1® supplementation altered gut microbiome composition and diversity metrics relative to placebo while also evaluating digestive quality-of-life and stool consistency/frequency safety endpoints. The results suggest that AG1® can meaningfully modulate the human gut microbiome, informing dietary supplement safety and mechanistic effects in healthy populations.
La Monica MB, Raub B, Hartshorn S et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Berberine and magnolol exert cooperative effects on ulcerative colitis in mice by self-assembling into carrier-free nanostructures.
This preclinical study examined whether berberine (BBR) and magnolol (MAG) can self-assemble into carrier-free nanostructures and thereby exert cooperative therapeutic effects in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC). The authors found that BBR and MAG formed nanostructures in aqueous solution via charge interactions and π–π stacking and that this assembly improved UC outcomes compared with expectations for the individual phytochemicals. Scientifically, it provides a nanomedicine delivery concept for phytochemical combination therapy in UC using carrier-free molecular assembly.
Xu Y, Chen Z, Hao W et al. · Journal of nanobiotechnology · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Coordinated action of a gut-liver pathway drives alcohol detoxification and consumption.
The study investigated how a gut–liver pathway coordinates ethanol detoxification and voluntary alcohol drinking, focusing on acetaldehyde (AcH) clearance and the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in vivo. It found that the liver alone clears only part of systemic AcH, whereas gut–liver synergy drives systemic AcH clearance and reduces voluntary alcohol consumption. Scientifically, this reframes AUD detoxification as a coordinated gut–liver circuit rather than a liver-only process, suggesting new targets beyond hepatic ALDH2 for reducing drinking behavior.
Fu Y, Mackowiak B, Lin YH et al. · Nature metabolism · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Neurotechnology & brain recording
Large-scale single-neuron recording in the human cortex using an ultra-flexible electrode array.
The authors developed and evaluated ultra-flexible implantable neural electrode (uFINE) arrays for large-scale single-neuron recordings during intraoperative procedures in human patients. The uFINE arrays enabled reliable, high-density single-unit recordings while maintaining mechanical integrity throughout surgery. This advances translational neurotechnology by providing a practical platform for high-resolution human cortical recording that could support both basic neuroscience and future clinical applications.
Wu S, Yan Z, Kong C et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Developmental germline signaling
PGC-derived migrasomes couple PGC proliferation with migration.
Using zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs), this study investigated how migrasomes coordinate PGC proliferation with migration, focusing on tspan7-dependent migrasome biogenesis and delivery of the growth factor GDF3. Migrasomes formed at retraction fibers and delivered GDF3 to neighboring PGCs via contact-dependent interactions, activating the TGF-β receptor acvr1ba to drive proliferation during migration. The findings reveal a mechanism beyond simple gradient signaling for maintaining mitogenic signaling in motile cells, supporting germline expansion during development.
Liu B, Jiang Z, Song W et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
R-loops orchestrate RNAPII transcriptional reprogramming for the maternal-to-zygotic transition.
This research investigated how R-loops regulate RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcriptional reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) in mammals, focusing on developmental stage-specific R-loop features. The key finding was that R-loop reprogramming depends on CG density, where loss of CG-poor R-loops causes severe MZT/preimplantation defects and promotes premature activation of major zygotic genome activation (ZGA) genes. These mechanistic insights clarify how genome architecture (CG-poor R-loops) controls early embryonic transcriptional timing, with implications for understanding developmental failure in early embryos.
Li Y, Li Q, Wang X et al. · Cell research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
The modeling of human implantation and early placentation: achievements and perspectives.
This 2025 review examined current achievements and future directions for modeling human implantation and early placentation using in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro approaches, including cell line–derived models. It found that human implantation is uniquely complex and ethically constrained, so no single model fully recapitulates maternal–fetal crosstalk, though multiple model types provide complementary evidence. Scientifically, the review clarifies the strengths and limitations of existing implantation models to guide more clinically relevant experimental design.
Dimova T, Alexandrova M, Vangelov I et al. · Human reproduction update · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Immunotherapy & immune biomarkers
Phenotype of circulating tumor-reactive T cells predicts immune checkpoint inhibitor response in non-small cell lung cancer.
This study examined whether the phenotype of circulating tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells (cTR-T) predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by integrating paired tumor and peripheral blood analyses. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, the authors identified cTR-Ts defined by tumor-reactive gene signatures and mapped specific surface markers (including CD49a, CD49b, and HLA-DR), with trajectory analysis linking progenitor-like states to treatment outcomes. These results suggest that a measurable peripheral cTR-T phenotype could serve as a predictive biomarker for ICI response in NSCLC.
Ito K, Iida K, Hirano T et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Disrupting B and T-cell collaboration in autoimmune disease: T-cell engagers versus CAR T-cell therapy?
This review article examined how disrupting B and T-cell collaboration in autoimmune disease compares T-cell engager approaches with CAR T-cell therapy, in the context of existing B-cell depletion (BCD) strategies such as anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab). It highlighted that refractory autoimmune disease often involves incomplete BCD with persistence of specific B-cell/plasma-cell populations, motivating alternative strategies that more directly modulate B–T interactions. The scientific significance is that it frames when and why T-cell engager or CAR T-cell approaches might overcome limitations of current B-cell–targeted therapies in autoimmune disease.
Shah K, Leandro M, Cragg M et al. · Clinical and experimental immunology · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Cancer therapeutics (drugs, gene therapy, and clinical trials)
Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Efgartigimod PH20 in Adults With Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ADVANCE SC): A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial.
In the Phase 3 ADVANCE SC randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) received subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20 to assess efficacy and safety. Subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20 produced clinically meaningful platelet responses compared with placebo in this population of adults with platelet counts <30×10^9/L and prior ITP therapies. This supports efgartigimod PH20 as a potential at-home/less invasive therapeutic option for chronic primary ITP by targeting the underlying immune-mediated platelet destruction pathway.
Cooper N, Broome CM, Miyakawa Y et al. · American journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Can Gene Therapy Revolutionize Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether gene therapy—primarily adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based anti-VEGF constructs—provides safe and clinically meaningful outcomes for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) compared with baseline or standard care. The analysis focused on visual acuity, anatomical response, treatment burden, and safety, addressing the limitation of frequent long-term anti-VEGF injections. The review’s clinical significance is to clarify whether AAV-mediated gene therapy can reduce treatment burden while maintaining efficacy and acceptable safety in nAMD.
Chen KY, Chan HC, Chan CM · American journal of ophthalmology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Comparative effectiveness of atogepant and rimegepant for migraine prevention in Japanese patients: an anchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison.
This anchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) compared atogepant versus rimegepant for migraine prevention in Japanese patients using data from three placebo-controlled trials (RELEASE and PROGRESS for atogepant; BHV3000-309 for rimegepant). Atogepant and rimegepant showed comparative efficacy on monthly migraine days and acute medication use days, with quality-of-life outcomes assessed using MSQ v2.1 RFR, MIDAS, and EQ-VAS. The results inform evidence-based selection of oral CGRP receptor antagonists for Japanese patients needing preventive migraine therapy.
Takizawa T, Ahmadyar G, Tyas E et al. · Expert review of neurotherapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Diagnostic accuracy of the Gold Coast Criteria for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis studied the diagnostic accuracy of the Gold Coast Criteria (GCC) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in suspected ALS populations. It compared GCC against Revised El Escorial Criteria (rEEC) and Awaji Criteria (AC) using sensitivity and specificity data from studies identified through December 2024. The findings are clinically significant because they inform which ALS diagnostic criteria perform best for earlier and more accurate classification in real-world diagnostic pathways.
von Quednow E, Husain N, Łajczak P et al. · Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates in cancer therapy: Potential and Promise.
This review article examined antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) as a next-generation class of targeted cancer therapeutics, focusing on how they replace cytotoxic payloads with gene-modulating oligonucleotides such as siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). It highlights the modular design of antibody–linker–oligonucleotide constructs and summarizes preclinical and clinical promise for AOCs in cancer therapy. The review is significant because it frames AOCs as a mechanistically distinct alternative to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with potential for gene-silencing–based precision oncology.
Meng Q, Yang M, Xing F et al. · Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
HER2DX and survival outcomes in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer: an individual patient-level meta-analysis.
This individual patient-level meta-analysis studied the association between the HER2DX genomic test risk score and survival outcomes in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer patients with HER2 (ERBB2) amplification. HER2DX risk stratification was associated with survival outcomes, indicating that the test captures biological heterogeneity beyond conventional clinical-pathological variables and pathologic complete response. The findings support using HER2DX to refine prognosis and potentially guide more personalized treatment decisions in early-stage HER2-positive disease.
Villacampa G, Pascual T, Tarantino P et al. · The Lancet. Oncology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Tofersen: A Review in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Associated with SOD1 Mutations.
This review summarized evidence for tofersen (QALSODY®), an antisense oligonucleotide that induces SOD1 mRNA degradation, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with SOD1 mutations. In the phase III VALOR trial, intrathecal tofersen reduced plasma neurofilament proteins and decreased total SOD1 protein in cerebrospinal fluid, with biomarker effects sustained in an open-label extension. The review is clinically significant because it consolidates the rationale and trial outcomes for the first approved SOD1-targeting therapy in mutation-associated ALS.
McGuigan A, Blair HA · CNS drugs · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Noninvasive prognostic classification of ITH in HCC with multi-omics insights and therapeutic implications.
This multi-center study of 851 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients developed a noninvasive radiomics-based intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) prognostic classification using multi-sequence MRI, termed radiomics ITH (RITH) phenotypes. RITH phenotypes strongly correlated with prognosis and pathological ITH, and integrated multi-omics analyses revealed molecular mechanisms underlying RITH, improving biological interpretability. The approach provides a clinically actionable, imaging-based framework for stratifying HCC ITH and guiding therapeutic implications without requiring invasive sampling.
Xie Y, Wang F, Wei J et al. · Science advances · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Catalytic neural stem cell exosomes for multi-stage targeting and synergistical therapy of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
This preclinical study engineered catalytic neural stem cell exosomes decorated with polylysine (K10) and expressing catalase (CataKNexo) to target the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and treat retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI). In vitro retinal models showed that CataKNexo reached the ONL and provided synergistic antioxidant and neuroprotective effects by countering hydrogen peroxide–mediated oxidative stress. The work supports a targeted, enzyme-expressing exosome platform as a potential multi-stage therapy for RIRI.
Yang W, Wang X, Zheng D et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
PD-1 antibody camrelizumab plus apatinib and SOX as first-line treatment in patients with AFP-producing gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (CAP 06): a multi-center, single-arm, phase 2 trial.
This multi-center, single-arm phase 2 trial studied first-line camrelizumab (PD-1 antibody) plus apatinib and SOX (S-1 and oxaliplatin) with maintenance camrelizumab plus apatinib in patients with AFP-producing gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (AFP-G/GEJ) (CAP 06). The regimen was evaluated for antitumor activity, safety, and biomarkers, targeting a subtype characterized by increased angiogenesis and immunosuppression. If effective, this combination could establish a new first-line treatment strategy for the rare AFP-G/GEJ gastric cancer subgroup.
Wang Y, Lu J, Chong X et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Tofersen for SOD1 ALS.
This article reviewed therapeutic evidence for tofersen, an antisense oligonucleotide that reduces SOD1 expression by degrading SOD1 mRNA, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with SOD1 gain-of-function mutations. Although a Phase III tofersen trial failed its primary endpoint, open-label extension data indicate tofersen may slow progression in SOD1 ALS based on biomarker and clinical trajectory signals. Clinically, this supports continued investigation and refinement of antisense strategies targeting SOD1 as a precision approach for genetically defined ALS.
Everett WH, Bucelli RC · Neurodegenerative disease management · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Asciminib in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.
The phase 3 trial studied asciminib, a BCR::ABL1 inhibitor that specifically targets the ABL myristoyl pocket, in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) randomized to asciminib versus an investigator-selected ATP-competitive TKI. Asciminib demonstrated improved efficacy and safety compared with standard frontline ATP-competitive TKIs in this newly diagnosed population. Clinically, this supports asciminib as a potential preferred first-line therapy for CML by offering a mechanism-distinct option with fewer side effects.
Hochhaus A, Wang J, Kim DW et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Cancer tumor microenvironment, fibrosis & resistance
SLC2A1+ tumour-associated macrophages spatially control CD8+ T cell function and drive resistance to immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.
This study examined how SLC2A1 (GLUT1) expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) spatially regulates CD8+ T cell function and drives resistance to immunotherapy in NSCLC. Using spatial profiling of NSCLC biopsies and murine tumor models, the authors found that TAM-specific deletion of Slc2a1 enhances the spatial homogeneity and effector function of intratumoral CD8+ T cells, improving αPD-L1 efficacy, whereas tumor-cell-specific Slc2a1 knockdown did not replicate the benefit. Clinically, targeting TAM SLC2A1 may overcome spatially mediated immune resistance and improve checkpoint blockade responses in NSCLC.
Wang L, Chu H, Chen D et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Guanine nucleotides drive ribosome biogenesis and glycolytic reprogramming in acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.
This work studied acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells (LSCs) and how venetoclax (Ven) resistance rewires metabolism by driving guanine nucleotide–dependent ribosome biogenesis and glycolytic reprogramming. Venetoclax-resistant LSCs increased de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, which suppressed the impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint, destabilized TP53, and sustained MYC expression to maintain survival despite OXPHOS inhibition. The findings identify guanine nucleotide metabolism and its downstream control of TP53/MYC as potential vulnerabilities in Ven-resistant AML.
Kawano G, Ikeda R, Ishihara D et al. · Blood · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Spatial-reprogramming derived GPNMB+ macrophages interact with COL6A3+ fibroblasts to enhance vascular fibrosis in glioblastoma.
This study used integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics plus multiplex immunohistochemistry and atomic force microscopy to define spatially reprogrammed GPNMB+ macrophage interactions with COL6A3+ fibroblasts in glioblastoma. The GPNMB+ macrophage–COL6A3+ fibroblast axis promoted vascular fibrosis, contributing to resistance mechanisms relevant to neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) plus antiangiogenic therapy. Disrupting this macrophage–fibroblast spatial program may reduce fibrotic vascular remodeling and improve GBM treatment responsiveness.
Du Y, Long X, Li X et al. · Genome medicine · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
The immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer.
This Review studied the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment (TME) and how immune cells within it influence response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). It finds that only a small subset of CRC patients benefit from ICB—particularly those with immune-activated, microsatellite unstable tumors—whereas microsatellite-stable CRC is typically lowly immunogenic and immunosuppressed. The work highlights the scientific significance of TME modulation strategies to convert microsatellite-stable CRC into an immune-activated state that could expand ICB responsiveness.
Kennel KB, Greten FR · Nature reviews. Cancer · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Cancer genomics, epigenetics & molecular targets
SIRT3 deacetylates STEAP4 to modulate cuproptosis sensitivity via mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in HBV-related HCC.
This study investigated how hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) regulates cuproptosis sensitivity in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by focusing on the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 and the metalloreductase STEAP4, using clinical specimens, HBx-transgenic mice, and multi-omics analyses. HBx-driven downregulation of STEAP4 and SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of STEAP4 modulate mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming to promote cuproptosis evasion. These findings identify a SIRT3–STEAP4 axis as a mechanistic vulnerability that could be leveraged to improve cuproptosis-based therapeutic strategies in HBV-positive HCC.
Du ZB, Wu XM, Lei JM et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Multi-omics and machine learning reveal DPPC as a key contributor to colorectal cancer progression and tumor immune microenvironment remodeling.
This study used integrated multi-omics, two-sample Mendelian randomization across 1400 metabolites and 91 inflammatory cytokines, single-cell transcriptomics, and machine learning to define phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)–related metabolic and immune interactions in colorectal cancer (CRC). DPPC emerged as a key contributor to CRC progression and to remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment, supported by predictive modeling and experimental validation. These findings suggest DPPC and its lipid–cytokine network as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to modulate immune infiltration in CRC.
Li X, Dong H, Jin Z et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Structural basis for the recruitment and selective phosphorylation of Akt by mTORC2.
This mechanistic study investigated how mTORC2 selectively recognizes and phosphorylates Akt by creating semisynthetic probes to trap the mTORC2–Akt complex and determine the structural basis of recruitment and phosphorylation. The authors identified structural features that enable mTORC2 to specifically engage Akt (and not closely related kinases typically phosphorylated by mTORC1). Understanding this selectivity clarifies a core signaling mechanism in PI3K/Ras networks relevant to cancer and diabetes and may guide targeted mTORC2-directed drug design.
Taylor MS, Chen M, Hancock M et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
RNA m1A methyltransferase TRMT61A promotes colorectal tumorigenesis by enhancing ONECUT2 mRNA stability and is a potential therapeutic target.
This study investigated colorectal cancer (CRC) and tested whether the RNA m1A methyltransferase TRMT61A promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing ONECUT2 mRNA stability, using LC–MS for m1A quantification and multi-cohort clinical analyses. TRMT61A increased ONECUT2 mRNA stability and promoted CRC growth across CRC cell lines, patient-derived organoids, xenografts, and transgenic mouse models, and the authors proposed TRMT61A as a therapeutic target using a nanoparticle-based small interfering RNA approach. These results link a specific RNA modification enzyme (TRMT61A) to a defined mRNA stability mechanism (ONECUT2) with translational potential for targeted CRC therapy.
Zhang X, Qin N, Ji F et al. · Cancer communications (London, England) · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
A novel glycolysis-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer.
The study developed and validated a glycolysis-related gene (GRG) signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in breast invasive carcinoma using TCGA-BRCA as a training set and GEO as a validation set. The authors identified a GRG-based prognostic model that stratified breast cancer patients by outcome and was associated with immunotherapy response. This provides a gene-expression tool to refine risk prediction and potentially guide immunotherapy selection in heterogeneous breast cancer patients.
Huang R, Li Y, Lin K et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Autophagy in cancer development, immune evasion, and drug resistance.
This 2025 review summarized how autophagy contributes to cancer development, immune evasion, and drug resistance, emphasizing macroautophagy/lysosome-mediated degradation pathways. It found that autophagy can switch roles from tumor-suppressive in early stages to tumor-promoting in later stages, with effects modulated by genetic and environmental factors. The scientific significance is that autophagy pathways represent potential targets for overcoming immune evasion and anticancer drug resistance, but require context-specific therapeutic strategies.
Niu X, You Q, Hou K et al. · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Radiation/chemo resistance & radiosensitivity mechanisms
Endothelial cells sense temozolomide resistance to facilitate monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma.
This study examined how temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) promotes monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) infiltration by focusing on endothelial-cell sensing mechanisms using patient-derived GBM organoids (GBOs). In TMZ-resistant recurrent organoids, endothelial cells were implicated as active mediators that facilitate MDM recruitment, identifying molecular drivers upregulated in resistant models. Targeting the endothelial–MDM recruitment axis could represent a therapeutic strategy to overcome TMZ resistance in GBM.
Gao W, Huang J, Deng K et al. · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Cellular senescence-associated gene IFI16 promotes HMOX1-dependent evasion of ferroptosis and radioresistance in glioblastoma.
The study investigated how the cellular senescence-associated gene IFI16 affects ferroptosis and radiation response in glioblastoma by generating a radioresistant GBM cell model through repeated irradiation and performing genomic/transcriptomic analyses. IFI16 promoted radioresistance by activating HMOX1 transcription, which attenuated ferroptosis by lowering lipid peroxidation, ROS production, and intracellular Fe2+ after irradiation. Scientifically, it links IFI16–HMOX1 signaling to ferroptosis evasion and suggests a mechanistic target to improve radiotherapy response in glioblastoma.
Zhou Y, Zeng L, Cai L et al. · Nature communications · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Cardiovascular disease risk & screening
Association Between Adoption of Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty in Canada and Major Surgical Complications.
Using a propensity-score matched, population-based cohort of Ontario, Canada adults undergoing primary robotic total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) versus conventional TKA (cTKA) for osteoarthritis, the study assessed associations with major surgical complications. The design compared real-world outcomes across April 1, 2019 to October 31, 2023 with follow-up through October 31, 2024 to estimate whether robotic assistance changes complication risk outside specialized centers. This provides evidence relevant to surgical decision-making and health-system adoption of rTKA by quantifying safety in routine practice.
Pincus D, Ekhtiari S, Lex JR et al. · The Journal of arthroplasty · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Cardiac Screening for Conditions Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death: Yield, Interventions, and SCA/SCD Incidence in 104,369 Young Individuals.
This population-based study evaluated the diagnostic yield and downstream interventions from a single cardiac screening (questionnaire plus electrocardiogram [ECG]) for conditions associated with sudden cardiac death in 104,369 young individuals aged 14–35 years. The key finding was the screening’s diagnostic yield and the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) following initial clearance after one screening episode. Scientifically and clinically, these data inform the potential effectiveness and public-health impact of extending cardiac screening beyond young athletes to the general young population.
MacLachlan H, Bhatia R, Raju H et al. · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
The global cardiovascular-liver-metabolic syndemic: epidemiology, trends and challenges.
This Review synthesizes epidemiological evidence on the cardiovascular-liver-metabolic (CLM) syndemic involving metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. It finds that these conditions co-occur and interact through shared mechanisms and socioeconomic influences, and it outlines trends and future projections for the CLM burden. The unified syndemic framework is intended to improve public-health planning and support shared interventions across cardiometabolic and hepatic disease pathways.
Chew NWS, Mehta A, Goh R et al. · Nature reviews. Cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases.
This proteome-wide association study (PWAS) analyzed plasma proteomics in 53,022 participants from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project to identify SNP–protein associations linked to 26 cardiovascular diseases using GWAS summary statistics. The study implicated novel plasma proteins as contributors to the pathogenesis of multiple CVD categories (cardiac, venous, and cerebrovascular). These results provide new candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease risk stratification and drug development.
Wang JH, Dong SS, Huang W et al. · Cardiovascular diabetology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Medication Adherence in Hypertension: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.
This cluster randomized clinical trial tested a multicomponent intervention (TEAMLET) that used linked electronic health record–pharmacy data to identify patients with uncontrolled hypertension and medication nonadherence and then delivered team-based care to address adherence barriers. The study evaluated whether this data-driven, point-of-care approach improved medication adherence and related hypertension outcomes. The trial is important because it assesses a scalable strategy to reduce nonadherence in hypertension using real-world data linkages.
Blecker S, Mann DM, Martinez TR et al. · JAMA cardiology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Akkermansia Muciniphila Alleviates Severe Acute Pancreatitis via Amuc1409-Ube2k-Foxp3 Axis in Regulatory T Cells.
This study examined whether the gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila modulates severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)–associated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS) via a regulatory T cell (Treg) axis in patients and in Foxp3-DTR and IL-10 knockout mice. Akkermansia abundance was reduced in acute pancreatitis patients and inversely associated with SIRS severity, and in mice Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorated SAP through an Amuc1409–Ube2k–Foxp3–IL-10–linked Treg mechanism. These findings suggest a microbiome-derived Amuc1409 pathway that could be therapeutically targeted to rebalance inflammation in SAP by enhancing Foxp3+ Treg function.
Xie J, Du L, Lu Y et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Incident heart failure and recurrent coronary events following acute myocardial infarction.
This observational study assessed contemporary risks of incident heart failure and recurrent coronary events after acute myocardial infarction in 6,804 patients from 28 Baylor Scott & White Health hospitals (2015–2021). Using a landmark approach anchored at 3 months post-discharge, the authors characterized 1-year outcomes including incident HF, recurrent MI, death, and rehospitalizations. Clinically, the results quantify post-MI complication risk in a real-world contemporary cohort to support improved follow-up and secondary prevention planning.
Butler J, Hammonds K, Talha KM et al. · European heart journal · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Impact on Chronic Ocular Disease Including Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
In a retrospective EHR-based cohort of U.S. patients older than 60 years with at least 5 years of ophthalmology follow-up, the study compared age-related ocular disease risk among users of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus metformin, insulin, statins, or aspirin using propensity score matching. The key finding was the association between GLP-1RA exposure and altered risk for chronic ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, relative to comparator medication groups. This is significant because it evaluates a widely used diabetes drug class for potential ocular risk modification in older adults.
Allan KC, Joo JH, Kim S et al. · Ophthalmology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Tofersen for SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized clinical evidence (through October 2024) on tofersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, in adults with SOD1 mutation–associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Across 12 included studies totaling 195 treated patients, the analysis summarized tofersen’s safety and efficacy outcomes using random-effects meta-analysis. The findings consolidate evidence supporting tofersen’s role in SOD1-ALS management and help clinicians weigh benefits and risks in this genetically defined population.
Hamad AA, Alkhawaldeh IM, Nashwan AJ et al. · Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Spotlight on the 2024 ESC/EACTS management of atrial fibrillation guidelines: 10 novel key aspects.
This review highlighted 10 novel aspects of the 2024 ESC/EACTS atrial fibrillation management guidelines, including introduction of the AF-CARE framework with comorbidity/risk factor management, stroke prevention, symptom control, and dynamic reassessment. The key finding is that the guideline emphasizes a structured, four-pillar approach to improve patient outcomes across the AF care continuum. Clinically, it provides a practical framework for implementing guideline-based AF management in real-world practice.
Rienstra M, Tzeis S, Bunting KV et al. · Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Large Language Model Influence on Diagnostic Reasoning: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
This single-blind randomized clinical trial tested whether using a large language model (LLM) improves physicians’ diagnostic reasoning compared with conventional resources. It found that LLM use influenced diagnostic reasoning performance in a controlled setting across physicians from family medicine, internal medicine, and emergency medicine training backgrounds. The significance is that LLMs may be a modifiable tool in clinical decision support, but their impact on reasoning must be evaluated rigorously before routine deployment.
Goh E, Gallo R, Hom J et al. · JAMA network open · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Cardioneuroablation for the treatment of reflex syncope and functional bradyarrhythmias: A Scientific Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS).
This scientific statement from multiple European and international cardiology societies reviewed cardioneuroablation as a treatment for reflex syncope and functional bradyarrhythmias, including vasovagal reflex syncope and vagally induced sinus bradycardia-arrest or atrioventricular block. It concluded that cardioneuroablation can be effective in selected patients, but emphasizes that careful patient selection and procedural technique are essential for safety and efficacy. The statement is clinically significant because it provides an evidence-based framework for when and how to consider an alternative to cardiac pacing.
Aksu T, Brignole M, Calo L et al. · Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Large-Scale Proteomics Improve Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease in People With Diabetes.
This cohort study in 2,094 diabetes patients without baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) used large-scale plasma proteomics from UK Biobank to build and validate an 11-protein CKD protein risk score and compare it with the CKD Prediction Consortium clinical model and a CKD polygenic risk score. The protein risk score improved prediction of incident CKD over long follow-up (median 12.1 years) relative to comparator risk models. Scientifically and clinically, it supports proteomics-derived risk stratification for earlier identification of CKD risk in people with diabetes.
Ye Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y et al. · Diabetes care · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Comparative Effectiveness of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors, and Sulfonylureas for Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy.
This retrospective observational database study emulating an idealized target trial compared glucose-lowering drug classes—GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas—in adults with type 2 diabetes and moderate cardiovascular disease risk, assessing risk of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. The key finding was that the choice of glucose-lowering agent was associated with different risks of developing sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy complications. This is significant because it suggests that selecting among common T2D therapies may influence ocular outcomes, informing risk-stratified diabetes management.
Barkmeier AJ, Herrin J, Swarna KS et al. · Ophthalmology. Retina · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Musculoskeletal pain, rehabilitation & physical therapy
Patient-reported outcomes, postoperative pain and pain relief after day-case surgery (POPPY): chronic post-surgical pain prevalence and associations.
This study used the POPPY cohort to estimate the prevalence of chronic post-surgical pain after day-case surgery in adults across 199 UK sites and to identify associations with quality of life and perioperative factors. The key finding was the prevalence of chronic post-surgical pain at follow-up (including day 97) and its relationship with patient-reported outcomes and potential predictors. Clinically, these results help quantify risk in day-case pathways and support interventions to reduce long-term pain after ambulatory surgery.
Brayne AB, Belete M, Daykin H et al. · Anaesthesia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Understanding and leveraging placebo and nocebo effects in perioperative care: a cross-sectional survey of German-speaking anesthesiologists.
This cross-sectional survey studied German-speaking anesthesiologists’ knowledge, perceived relevance, and routine clinical use of placebo and nocebo effects in perioperative care. The key finding was the characterization of current awareness and practice patterns, identifying educational needs and opportunities for improved patient care regarding expectation-driven effects. This is significant for perioperative medicine because it can guide training and communication strategies to harness beneficial placebo effects and mitigate nocebo harms.
Wessels J, Pawlik RJ, Foerster C et al. · BMC anesthesiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Neuraxial anesthesia and pain management for cesarean delivery.
This article studied neuraxial anesthesia and postoperative pain management strategies for cesarean delivery, focusing on how patient, obstetrical, surgical, and anesthesia-related factors affect analgesia. It reports that anesthetic blockade and post-cesarean analgesia vary by approach and that tailored communication and best-practice selection are crucial, especially for emergency cesarean delivery. The clinical significance is improved safety and more consistent pain-free outcomes by matching neuraxial techniques to the specific cesarean context.
Landau R, Sultan P · American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
hUC-MSCs and derived exosomes attenuate DEX-induced muscle atrophy through modulation of estrogen signaling pathway.
This preclinical study evaluated whether human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and their derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) protect against dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy by modulating estrogen signaling in relevant muscle atrophy models. hUC-MSCs/MSC-Exos attenuated DEX-driven muscle wasting and improved outcomes through effects on estrogen pathway signaling. The work suggests an estrogen-pathway–modulating cell/exosome therapy as a candidate approach for sarcopenia or glucocorticoid-associated muscle atrophy.
Li N, Liu X, Wang Q et al. · Stem cell research & therapy · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Comparative efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and ultrasound on pain and functional outcomes in lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis compared extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) versus ultrasound therapy for pain and functional outcomes in patients with lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) using randomized controlled trials. The analysis evaluated relative efficacy across outcomes relevant to symptom relief and function. The results are significant for informing evidence-based selection of noninvasive physical therapies for lateral epicondylitis.
Alharbi M · European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Effects of intermittent pneumatic compression on delayed onset muscle soreness and recovery of muscular fatigue.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) reduces delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and improves recovery from muscular fatigue induced by plyometric exercise in 20 healthy untrained male college students. Participants were assigned to an IPC group or control group, and the study assessed DOMS outcomes and recovery measures over the post-exercise period. The trial addresses whether IPC is an effective intervention for exercise-induced muscle injury symptoms like DOMS.
Gu Z, Dai J, Xu K et al. · PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
The role of nutrition in wound healing and implications for nursing practice.
This narrative review examined how nutrition—specifically proteins, vitamins (A, C, E, K), and minerals (zinc, iron, copper, manganese)—affects each phase of wound healing (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling) and what this means for nursing practice. The key finding is that adequate nutrient availability supports collagen synthesis, immune function, and cellular activity, thereby influencing both speed and quality of recovery. Clinically, it supports nurse-led nutritional assessment and targeted dietary education/interventions to improve wound outcomes.
Hill B, Mitchell A, Szydlowska A et al. · British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells and the Microenvironment Regulation in Sarcopenia:A Review.
This review article summarized current evidence on skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and how the muscle microenvironment regulates their function in sarcopenia. The key finding is that satellite cell regenerative capacity declines with aging due to microenvironmental changes, contributing to loss of muscle mass and function. Scientifically and clinically, it frames sarcopenia as a stem-cell–microenvironment problem and highlights potential targets for therapies aimed at restoring muscle regeneration.
Gao T, Zhang Y, Zhang D et al. · Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Effectiveness of Ventilation via an Endotracheal Tube in Pharynx Versus a Facemask in Patients With Potentially Difficult Airway: A Randomized, Crossover, and Blind Trial.
This randomized, crossover, blind trial studied whether ventilation via an endotracheal tube in the pharynx (TTIP) for 1 minute is more effective than conventional facemask ventilation in 147 adult patients with potentially difficult airways. Tube-first TTIP ventilation improved rescue ventilation effectiveness compared with mask-first ventilation after induction (with the trial designed to test TTIP as a rescue for failed mask ventilation). Clinically, TTIP could provide a practical, rapidly deployable rescue option in “cannot intubate and cannot oxygenate” airway scenarios when mask ventilation fails.
Markham T, AlFarra AS, Tejani M et al. · Anesthesia and analgesia · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Red and Green LED Light Therapy: A Comparative Study in Androgenetic Alopecia.
This study compared red versus green low-level light therapy (LLLT) using an LED helmet delivering 40 J/cm2 over 20 minutes on opposite halves of the frontal scalp in patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Red and green LED exposure produced differential clinical responses on physician 7-point assessments, clinical photography outcomes, and patient satisfaction, with the study concluding that one wavelength performed better than the other under the tested protocol. These findings support wavelength-specific optimization of LED-LLLT for AGA as a non-drug alternative to treatments such as minoxidil and finasteride.
Tantiyavarong J, Charoensuksira S, Meephansan J et al. · Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Comparing the efficacy and safety of microneedling and its combination with other treatments in patients with acne scars: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This network meta-analysis synthesized randomized controlled trials in patients with acne scars to compare microneedling (MN) alone versus MN combined with other modalities. Across 24 trials (1546 participants), MN combined with chemical peels (CP) ranked best for degree of improvement, patient satisfaction, and overall treatment efficacy relative to other MN-based combinations. The results help clinicians prioritize MN+CP as an evidence-supported combination strategy for acne scar management.
Li H, Jia B, Zhang X · Archives of dermatological research · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound suppresses pain by modulating pain-processing brain circuits.
This preclinical study tested low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) to suppress pain by modulating pain-processing brain circuits in mouse models. Using a tightly focused 128-element ultrasound transducer with dynamic focus steering, the authors showed that targeted tFUS altered pain-associated behaviors after stimulation of pain-processing circuits. The findings are significant because they demonstrate a noninvasive, nonpharmacologic neuromodulation approach with potential for future chronic pain therapies.
Kim MG, Yu K, Yeh CY et al. · Blood · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Bone health, osteoporosis & fracture biology
Maltol induces diabetic fragility fractures by disrupting the balance of bone remodeling.
This study combined clinical metabolomics with in vivo and in vitro experiments to determine whether maltol, a widely used food additive, contributes to diabetic fragility fractures in the context of type 2 diabetes. Maltol accumulation in femoral neck tissue and elevated circulating maltol levels correlated with higher fracture incidence, and mechanistically maltol inhibited osteoblast differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin while promoting osteoclast maturation through NF-κB signaling. These findings identify maltol as a modifiable risk factor and potential therapeutic target for hyperglycemia-associated skeletal fragility.
Wang J, Wang Z, Feng J et al. · Cell metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Alpha-Ketoisocaproate Attenuates Muscle Atrophy in Cancer Cachexia Models.
This study tested whether α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), a metabolite of L-leucine, attenuates cancer cachexia–induced muscle atrophy by targeting myostatin in BALB/c mice with C26- or 4T1-induced cachexia and in C2C12 myotubes. KIC reduced muscle atrophy phenotypes and modulated the myostatin axis in these cancer cachexia models. These findings support KIC as a potential metabolite-based therapeutic strategy for cancer-associated cachexia with a mechanistic link to myostatin signaling.
Lim P, Woo SW, Han J et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Antiosteoporosis medication in patients with posterior spine fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis compared antiosteoporosis medications—teriparatide, bisphosphonates, denosumab, and romosozumab—in patients with low bone mineral density undergoing posterior spine fusion. The study aimed to determine which drug class best improves fusion rates and reduces complications such as pseudarthrosis and screw loosening in the perioperative setting. The findings are intended to inform evidence-based selection of osteoporosis therapy to improve surgical outcomes after posterior spine fusion.
Jin H, Jin H, Suk KS et al. · The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Colon-targeted engineered postbiotics nanoparticles alleviate osteoporosis through the gut-bone axis.
The study engineered colon-targeted postbiotics nanoparticles by surface engineering polyvinyl butyrate nanoparticles with shellac resin to deliver butyric acid to the colorectal site, testing effects on osteoporosis via the gut-bone axis. The key finding was that sustained, colon-localized butyric acid release suppressed macrophage inflammatory activation, improved redox balance, and favorably modulated gut microbiota composition. This is significant because it provides a targeted oral delivery strategy that may reduce bone loss while addressing intestinal inflammation in osteoporosis.
Yu T, Bai R, Wang Z et al. · Nature communications · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Inflammation, sepsis & immune regulation
The contribution of additives to microplastic aquatic toxicity - A testing approach with model additives on selected aquatic organisms.
This study developed and applied a testing methodology to disentangle physical (particle-related) versus chemical (additive-related) toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) using model additives and selected aquatic organisms. The key finding was that toxicity can be partitioned by comparing additive-loaded MNPs, pristine additive-free MNPs, and additives alone, alongside characterization of additive release and ageing effects. Scientifically, this approach improves causal attribution of aquatic toxicity to additives, supporting more accurate environmental risk assessment of real-world MNP exposures.
Perc V, Jemec Kokalj A, Drobne D et al. · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Organ-specific proteomic aging clocks predict disease and longevity across diverse populations.
This study developed plasma-proteomics–based organismal and ten organ-specific aging clocks using machine learning in UK Biobank participants (n=43,616) and validated performance in independent cohorts from China (n=3,977) and the USA (n=800). Accelerated organ aging predicted disease onset, progression, and mortality beyond clinical and genetic risk factors, with brain aging showing the strongest association with mortality and links to lifestyle plus the GABBR1 and ECM1 genes. These proteomic aging clocks provide a cross-cohort, organ-resolved biomarker framework for risk stratification and mechanistic aging research.
Wang Y, Xiao S, Liu B et al. · Nature aging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
The exposomal imprint on rosacea: More than skin deep.
This review synthesized current evidence on rosacea pathogenesis through the exposome framework, integrating genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, microbiome changes, hormonal and psychosocial stressors, and extrinsic triggers such as UV radiation and air pollution. It emphasizes that recent single-cell transcriptomics implicate fibroblasts in inflammatory and vascular pathways and that non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications may further shape disease biology. By connecting environmental exposures to cellular and molecular mechanisms, the review guides future biomarker discovery and targeted therapeutic strategies for rosacea.
Grafanaki K, Bakoli Sgourou D, Maniatis A et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
The energy resistance principle.
This article proposes and analyzes the energy resistance principle (ERP) as a general framework for how carbon-based biological systems transform food-derived electron flux into useful work toward oxygen. It argues that the fundamental property of energy resistance (éR) is required for life, while excess éR drives reductive/oxidative stress, heat, inflammation, molecular damage, and information loss associated with disease and aging. The ERP provides a unifying physical-energetic lens that could guide mechanistic research and therapeutic strategies targeting energy transformation and stress balance across scales.
Picard M, Murugan NJ · Cell metabolism · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Use of CO2-derived variables in critically ill patients.
This study mapped early human blood cell differentiation by integrating single-cell proteomics using mass spectrometry (scp-MS) with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in an in vivo hierarchy of >2500 human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. It found that protein measurements revealed stem-cell functional regulators not indicated by mRNA transcripts and used integration to refine differentiation trajectories. The technique is significant because it demonstrates that scp-MS can capture regulatory biology missed by transcript-only approaches, improving resolution of human hematopoietic differentiation.
Mallat J, Jozwiak M, Orozco N et al. · Annals of intensive care · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Polyethylene terephthalate microplastics promote pulmonary fibrosis via AKT1, PIK3CD, and PIM1: A network toxicology and multi-omics analysis.
This study investigated whether polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET-MPs) exacerbate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and explored mechanisms involving AKT1, PIK3CD, and PIM1. Using ProTox 3.0 toxicity prediction plus network toxicology, molecular docking, Mendelian randomization, and single-cell sequencing, it identified a mechanistic pathway linking PET-MP exposure to pro-fibrotic signaling through these kinases. The scientific significance is that PET-MPs may contribute to IPF progression via identifiable molecular targets, supporting risk assessment and potential pathway-directed interventions.
Zhao W, Yang S, Hu S et al. · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Fibroblast bioelectric signaling drives hair growth.
This study investigated hair growth control by identifying a genetic mechanism in congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis (CGHT) that alters chromatin architecture and upregulates the potassium channel KCNJ2 in dermal fibroblasts. It reports that mouse genetics show KCNJ2-mediated membrane hyperpolarization enhances dermal fibroblast Wnt signaling response, promoting hair growth. The clinical significance is that KCNJ2/Wnt-responsive fibroblast bioelectric signaling may represent a tractable target pathway for developing therapies for hair loss.
Chen D, Yu Z, Wu W et al. · Cell · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Platelet NLRP6 protects against microvascular thrombosis in sepsis.
This study investigated the role of nucleotide-oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) specifically in platelets during sepsis using platelet-specific NLRP6 knockout mice and a cecal ligation and puncture model. Platelet NLRP6 deletion increased mortality and worsened microvascular thrombosis in the lung and liver, indicating a protective anti-thrombotic function of platelet NLRP6 in sepsis. These findings identify platelet NLRP6 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce sepsis-associated microvascular thrombosis.
Jiang H, Chen S, Gui X et al. · Blood · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Bat genomes illuminate adaptations to viral tolerance and disease resistance.
The Bat1K project generated reference-quality genomes from ten bat species and analyzed selection signals across 115 mammalian genomes to identify genomic adaptations related to viral tolerance and disease resistance. The key finding was that immune-gene selection signatures were more prevalent in bats than in other mammalian orders, consistent with bats’ generally asymptomatic viral infections. This advances understanding of the evolutionary genomics underlying zoonotic disease tolerance and may inform strategies to mitigate viral pathogenesis.
Morales AE, Dong Y, Brown T et al. · Nature · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Transforming nursing work environments: the impact of organizational culture on work-related stress among nurses: a systematic review.
This systematic review assessed how organizational culture influences work-related stress among nurses and synthesized evidence on determinants of nursing stress. It found that organizational culture factors are consistently associated with nurses’ work-related stress levels, with implications for both nurses’ quality of work life and patient care quality. The significance is that targeting organizational culture may be an actionable strategy to reduce occupational stress in healthcare systems.
Kiptulon EK, Elmadani M, Limungi GM et al. · BMC health services research · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Correlation between ethical sensitivity and humanistic care ability among undergraduate nursing students: a cross-sectional study.
This cross-sectional study measured ethical sensitivity and humanistic care ability among 656 undergraduate nursing students using validated questionnaires (Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students and Humanistic Care Ability Inventory). It found a positive correlation between total ethical sensitivity score and total humanistic care ability score (r≈0.426, P<0.0 as reported). The significance is that strengthening ethics education in undergraduate nursing may improve humanistic care competencies relevant to clinical practice.
Zhang Y, Li S, Huang Y et al. · BMC nursing · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Association between second-hand smoke exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smokers using epidemiologic studies. It found that SHS exposure is associated with increased lung cancer risk among never-smokers, with pooled estimates supporting a measurable effect. The clinical/public health significance is reinforcement of smoke-free policies to reduce lung cancer risk even in people who never actively smoke.
Possenti I, Romelli M, Carreras G et al. · European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Incidence and risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence in ICU patients and analyzed risk factors and outcome impacts. It found pooled incidence rates and identified multiple risk factors associated with VAP occurrence, while also assessing how VAP affects clinical outcomes (with study quality evaluated via the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale). The significance is improved risk stratification and prevention planning for mechanically ventilated ICU patients to reduce morbidity and adverse outcomes.
Li W, Cai J, Ding L et al. · Journal of thoracic disease · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Review: sepsis guidelines and core measure bundles.
This narrative review summarized evolving sepsis guidelines and “core measure bundles,” focusing on how standardized screening tools and treatment protocols affect outcomes such as in-hospital survival, post-discharge quality of life, and readmission risk. It highlights that updated consensus definitions and initiatives like the Surviving Sepsis Campaign and CMS core measures have shifted recommended practice toward earlier recognition and bundled management. The review’s significance is practical: it supports implementation of guideline-based bundles to reduce sepsis morbidity and mortality.
Desposito L, Bascara C · Postgraduate medicine · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Oral microsphere formulation of M2 macrophage-mimetic Janus nanomotor for targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis.
The study developed an oral sodium alginate microsphere (SAM) formulation delivering M2 macrophage membrane–coated Janus nanomotors (Motor@M2M) for targeted therapy in ulcerative colitis. Motor@M2M was protected from gastric conditions by SAM, showed controlled release, and used M2 macrophage membrane coating to enhance targeting to inflamed tissue while acting as a decoy to neutralize inflammatory cytokines and mitigate ROS/inflammation. This nanomedicine strategy is significant because it addresses key barriers to oral UC drug delivery (mucus penetration, inadequate accumulation, and oxidative/inflammatory damage) using macrophage-mimetic targeting.
Luo R, Liu J, Cheng Q et al. · Science advances · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Women’s health, obstetrics & gynecologic oncology
A clinical review of cervical cancer.
This narrative clinical review summarized cervical cancer epidemiology, risk disparities, and clinical considerations for diagnosis and management, with attention to differences by race/ethnicity and access to care. It highlighted that cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and that Black females experience the highest mortality due to comorbidities and structural disparities. The review’s significance is to inform nursing and clinical practice by emphasizing prevention, early detection, and equity-focused care for populations at greatest risk.
Pullen RL, Ritchie S · Nursing · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Prevalence of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Women After Pelvic Radiotherapy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis studied the pooled prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in women with pelvic cancer after pelvic radiotherapy, including radiotherapy, brachytherapy, or chemoradiotherapy, across observational studies. The key finding was the estimated overall pooled prevalence of PFD after pelvic radiotherapy and the assessment of associations with treatment modalities (with study selection excluding prior pelvic surgery/rehabilitation and other non-eligible sources). Clinically, quantifying post-radiotherapy PFD burden supports better counseling, surveillance, and targeted pelvic floor rehabilitation planning for cancer survivors.
Pérez CDA, Rocha AKL, Volpato MP et al. · International urogynecology journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Diabetic retinal disease.
This Disease Primer studied diabetic retinal disease (DRD) as a broader concept encompassing not only diabetic retinopathy microvascular changes but also whole-retina effects on neurons and glia in people with diabetes mellitus. It reports that ongoing preclinical and clinical efforts are integrating retinal signs with visual acuity and patient-reported vision-related quality of life alongside systemic health and biochemical milieu. Scientifically, this reframing and the associated clinical research network efforts aim to improve understanding and ultimately management of vision loss across the DRD spectrum.
Sivaprasad S, Wong TY, Gardner TW et al. · Nature reviews. Disease primers · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Guidelines on Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.
This systematic review assessed clinical practice guidelines for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders across high-income countries and low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) to identify consensus and gaps. It found that PAS management requires multidisciplinary, standardized protocols, but guidance varies and certain areas remain underdeveloped. The review is clinically important because it supports harmonization of PAS care pathways to improve outcomes and reduce maternal risk.
Bonanni G, Lopez-Giron MC, Allen L et al. · JAMA network open · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Cancer of the corpus uteri: A 2025 update.
This 2025 update article reviewed current knowledge on cancer of the corpus uteri (endometrial cancer), including histopathology, staging, surgical and non-surgical management, follow-up, and treatment of recurrent disease. It emphasizes the heterogeneity of endometrial cancer and updates clinical approaches in response to rising incidence and mortality. The update is significant for clinicians needing an integrated, current framework to guide diagnosis and management across endometrial cancer subtypes.
Koskas M, Crosbie EJ, Fokdal L et al. · International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗
Effect and safety of intravenous iron compared to oral iron for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy.
This Cochrane systematic review evaluated the effect and safety of intravenous iron preparations versus oral iron for treating iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in pregnancy. It found that newer randomized controlled trials were incorporated to better determine comparative benefits on haematologic outcomes and key safety endpoints such as postpartum haemorrhage and need for blood transfusion. The scientific and clinical significance is more reliable guidance on which iron route optimizes maternal outcomes while minimizing serious pregnancy complications.
Nicholson L, Axon E, Daru J et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
This Nature Reviews Disease Primers article summarized the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including how diagnostic criteria differ between adults and adolescents. It emphasized that adult diagnosis follows the International Evidence-based Guideline (requiring two of three: hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or ovarian morphology or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone), while adolescent diagnosis omits ovarian morphology and anti-Müllerian hormone considerations. The clinical significance is that it provides an updated, guideline-based framework for recognizing PCOS across age groups and underscores the condition’s broader health implications (including possible effects on men’s health) and its links to insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism.
Stener-Victorin E, Teede H, Norman RJ et al. · Nature reviews. Disease primers · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗
Generated automatically on May 06, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.