PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 09, 2026

Automated digest · 97 articles · 15 research areas · May 09, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s papers, a dominant theme is precision modulation of disease risk and outcomes by targeting modifiable biology—ranging from lifestyle-linked indices in psychiatry (brain care score; metformin for antipsychotic weight gain) to diet–microbiome–bile acid metabolic control (oat β-glucan, intermittent fasting) and targeted delivery strategies (postbiotics for gut–bone signaling; enzyme-replacement exosome therapy for retinal ischemia-reperfusion). Several studies also emphasize scalable biomarkers and risk stratification using multi-omics or “omics clocks” (plasma proteomic aging clocks; proteomics-informed CKD risk; radiomics intratumoral heterogeneity), aiming to predict progression and tailor interventions earlier.

A second major cluster centers on cancer immune microenvironments and resistance: multiple glioblastoma and colorectal/NSCLC studies dissect how tumor-associated cells (macrophages, TAM metabolic axes, endothelial sensing of drug resistance, macrophage–fibroblast crosstalk) shape infiltration, fibrosis, and checkpoint inhibitor responsiveness. Complementing these mechanistic insights, several works develop or validate biomarkers to guide therapy—blood-based circulating tumor-reactive T-cell phenotypes, glycolysis gene signatures for immunotherapy response, and radiomics-defined HCC heterogeneity—while clinical trials and reviews expand the therapeutic toolbox (CGRP-pathway comparisons for migraine; asciminib for CML; tofersen evidence synthesis for SOD1-ALS; antibody–oligonucleotide conjugate frameworks; multiple ADC/immune-combination trial designs).

Finally, the digest highlights advances in translational and clinical implementation: new human single-neuron recording electrode arrays, spatially precise neuromodulation for pain, and consensus/guideline efforts spanning sepsis bundles, AF management frameworks, schizophrenia algorithmic treatment, and clozapine monitoring. Parallel progress appears in reproductive and developmental biology (R-loop regulation during early embryogenesis; germline migrasome signaling; ovarian aging with vitamin C; microbiome relevance to implantation/recurrent pregnancy loss), as well as environmental and toxicology research (microplastic additive attribution, microplastic-associated fibrosis targets, and mixture-focused metal exposure gaps).

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Psychiatric risk reduction & clinical algorithms

Modifiable risk factors and risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder across severities of genetic risk.

This study used UK Biobank participants to test whether the brain care score (BCS), a 12-factor modifiable risk index, predicts incident schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) risk across strata of genetic risk measured by polygenic risk scores (PRS). Higher BCS was associated with lower SCZ/BD risk, with effects varying by PRS-defined genetic risk level (interaction/stratified analyses performed using Cox proportional hazards models). These findings support that modifiable brain-health behaviors may reduce severe psychiatric disease risk even in individuals with high inherited liability.

Cui Y, Sun Y, Liu S et al. · Journal of affective disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The global prevalence of eating disorders in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the global pooled prevalence of eating disorders in children and young people by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and LILACS for population-level prevalence studies from 2013 to February 27, 2024. The analysis synthesized worldwide prevalence estimates and quantified between-study heterogeneity using random-effects modeling. These findings support global health planning by clarifying the burden of eating disorders in youth populations.

Faria C, Daneshi K, Baser A et al. · European child & adolescent psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

INTEGRATE: international guidelines for the algorithmic treatment of schizophrenia.

The INTEGRATE project developed international consensus guidelines for algorithmic pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia by synthesizing an umbrella review, expert workshops, a consensus survey, and lived-experience focus groups from May 1, 2023 to Jan 1, 2025. It produced a consensus algorithmic treatment pathway and an associated digital tool intended to be more comprehensive and less country-specific than prior guidance. Clinically, this supports more standardized, domain-based medication decision-making for schizophrenia while addressing common comorbid physical health considerations.

McCutcheon RA, Pillinger T, Varvari I et al. · The lancet. Psychiatry · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

The modeling of human implantation and early placentation: achievements and perspectives.

This review assessed achievements and future directions for modeling human implantation and early placentation using in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro systems under ethical constraints. The key finding is that no single model fully recapitulates peri-implantation maternal–fetal crosstalk, but different cell line–derived and tissue-based approaches each provide complementary insights that can be cross-validated. Scientifically, it is significant because it maps the strengths and limitations of current implantation models and guides selection of appropriate systems for studying mechanisms and potential interventions.

Dimova T, Alexandrova M, Vangelov I et al. · Human reproduction update · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Metformin for the Prevention of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Guideline Development and Consensus Validation.

This study developed and validated a clinical guideline for using metformin to prevent antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) in people with severe mental illness (SMI). The consensus process and guideline development (using AGREE II) supported metformin as the most effective pharmacologic option among those studied for AIWG prevention. Implementing metformin-guided prevention could reduce obesity risk and improve long-term metabolic outcomes in SMI patients receiving antipsychotics.

Carolan A, Hynes-Ryan C, Agarwal SM et al. · Schizophrenia bulletin · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Transforming nursing work environments: the impact of organizational culture on work-related stress among nurses: a systematic review.

This systematic review examined how organizational culture influences work-related stress among nurses across healthcare settings. The key finding was that organizational culture factors are consistently associated with nurses’ work-related stress, with the evidence base remaining limited and under-researched in dedicated reviews. These findings highlight organizational culture as a modifiable target for interventions to improve nurse wellbeing and potentially patient care quality.

Kiptulon EK, Elmadani M, Limungi GM et al. · BMC health services research · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Correlation between ethical sensitivity and humanistic care ability among undergraduate nursing students: a cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study surveyed 656 undergraduate nursing students to assess the relationship between ethical sensitivity and humanistic care ability using validated questionnaires. Ethical sensitivity scores were positively correlated with humanistic care ability (r=0.426, P<0.0, as reported in the abstract). The results suggest that educational strategies strengthening ethical sensitivity may improve humanistic care competencies in nursing students.

Zhang Y, Li S, Huang Y et al. · BMC nursing · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Evaluating Monitoring Guidelines of Clozapine-Induced Adverse Effects: a Systematic Review.

This systematic review evaluated existing monitoring guidelines for clozapine-induced adverse effects in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The key finding was that the reviewed guidelines vary in content and quality and may omit important monitoring recommendations across metabolic, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal risks. The clinical significance is that it identifies gaps in clozapine safety monitoring that could be addressed to better prevent and manage serious adverse events.

Smessaert S, Detraux J, Desplenter F et al. · CNS drugs · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

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Reproductive biology & germline development

Male germ cell-specific deletion of Eif5 causes the apoptosis of mouse progenitor spermatogonia by excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress and defective DNA repair.

Researchers generated male germ cell-specific Eif5 conditional knockout (Eif5 fl/fl; Stra8-Cre) mice to determine how loss of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) affects spermatogonial survival and DNA repair. Eif5 deletion triggered apoptosis of progenitor spermatogonia driven by excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and defective DNA repair, leading to impaired spermatogenesis. The work identifies eIF5 as a mechanistic regulator of germ cell viability and genome maintenance, with potential relevance to idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia (iNOA).

Wei H, Huang Y, Wang W et al. · Zoological research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

PGC-derived migrasomes couple PGC proliferation with migration.

Using zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs), the study investigated how migrasomes coordinate cell proliferation with migration during germline expansion. Migrasomes formed via tspan7-dependent biogenesis delivered the growth factor GDF3 to neighboring PGCs through contact-dependent interactions, activating the TGF-β receptor acvr1ba pathway to drive proliferation in migrating cells. The findings reveal a mechanism beyond classical gradient signaling for coupling mitogenic signaling to motility in developing germlines.

Liu B, Jiang Z, Song W et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Vitamin C conveys geroprotection on primate ovaries.

The study tested whether oral vitamin C can mitigate ovarian aging in primates and identified molecular pathways mediating this effect. In a 3.3-year monkey study, vitamin C reduced oxidative stress and follicular depletion and, using a single-cell transcriptomic clock, decreased the biological age of oocytes and somatic cells, partly via the NRF2 pathway. These results support vitamin C as a potential geroprotective intervention for preserving ovarian function during reproductive aging.

Jing Y, Lu H, Li J et al. · Cell stem cell · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Polycystic ovary syndrome.

This Nature Reviews Disease Primer studied polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women (and discusses possible relevance to men) and summarized diagnostic criteria from the International Evidence-based Guideline for PCOS assessment and management, including adult versus adolescent differences. It found that adult PCOS diagnosis requires meeting 2 of 3 criteria—clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or specific ovarian morphology or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone—whereas adolescent diagnosis omits ovarian morphology and anti-Müllerian hormone considerations. The clinical significance is that standardized, age-appropriate diagnostic criteria are essential to improve recognition and management of a condition affecting ~11–13% of women globally.

Stener-Victorin E, Teede H, Norman RJ et al. · Nature reviews. Disease primers · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical Relevance of Vaginal and Endometrial Microbiome Investigation in Women with Repeated Implantation Failure and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.

This review studied the clinical relevance of vaginal and endometrial microbiome investigation in women with repeated implantation failure and recurrent pregnancy loss. The key finding was that Lactobacillus dominance is generally associated with vaginal/uterine eubiosis and improved implantation and ongoing pregnancy chances, whereas dysbiosis may promote local inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines that impair endometrial receptivity. The scientific significance is that microbiome profiling could inform future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve reproductive outcomes in these patients.

Gao X, Louwers YV, Laven JSE et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

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Metabolic health, diet, and gut–bile acid–microbiome axes

Oat β-glucan reshapes gut microbiota to enhance glucose homeostasis via coordinated modulation of bile acid conjugation and succinate-dependent intestinal gluconeogenesis.

This study tested whether dietary oat β-glucan improves glucose homeostasis in obese mice and whether its effects are mediated by gut microbiota-driven bile acid conjugation and succinate-dependent intestinal gluconeogenesis. Oat β-glucan improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, increased GLP-1 secretion, and reshaped the microbiome toward taxa linked to higher secondary bile acids (including lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid) while coordinating bile acid metabolism with succinate-dependent gluconeogenic pathways. These results suggest oat β-glucan can act as a microbiota–bile acid–metabolism modulator to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction.

Meng Y, Li S, Zhou K et al. · Food chemistry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Organ-specific proteomic aging clocks predict disease and longevity across diverse populations.

This study developed organismal and organ-specific plasma proteomic aging clocks using machine learning in UK Biobank participants (n=43,616) and validated them in independent cohorts from China (n=3,977) and the USA (n=800). It found that accelerated organ aging predicted disease onset, progression, and mortality beyond clinical and genetic risk factors, with brain aging most strongly linked to mortality, and associated brain aging with lifestyle and genes including GABBR1 and ECM1. These proteomic clocks provide scalable biomarkers for predicting healthspan and longevity across diverse populations.

Wang Y, Xiao S, Liu B et al. · Nature aging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Fibroblast bioelectric signaling drives hair growth.

This study examined how fibroblast bioelectric signaling regulates hair growth by analyzing congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis (CGHT) genetics and testing mechanisms in mouse models. Chromatin disruption of topologically associating domains (TADs) led to upregulation of the potassium channel KCNJ2 in dermal fibroblasts, and KCNJ2-driven membrane hyperpolarization enhanced dermal fibroblast Wnt signaling response to promote hair growth. These results are clinically relevant by nominating KCNJ2/bioelectric control of fibroblast Wnt signaling as a potential therapeutic axis for hair loss.

Chen D, Yu Z, Wu W et al. · Cell · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

hUC-MSCs and derived exosomes attenuate DEX-induced muscle atrophy through modulation of estrogen signaling pathway.

This preclinical study evaluated whether human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and their derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) attenuate dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy by modulating estrogen signaling pathways. hUC-MSCs/MSC-Exos improved muscle atrophy outcomes in DEX models and shifted estrogen-pathway signaling to counter catabolic changes. The work is important for sarcopenia/catabolic muscle loss because it supports a cell/exosome-based strategy with a mechanistic link to estrogen signaling.

Li N, Liu X, Wang Q et al. · Stem cell research & therapy · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Intermittent fasting boosts sexual behavior by limiting the central availability of tryptophan and serotonin.

This study tested intermittent fasting in male C57BL/6J mice to determine how it affects age-related declines in reproductive behavior, focusing on central tryptophan and serotonin availability. Intermittent fasting preserved reproductive success in aged mice by improving mating behavior rather than sperm quality or endocrine measures, and it did so by reducing age-dependent serotonergic inhibition through decreased tryptophan supply. The findings are significant because they identify a mechanistic neurochemical pathway linking diet timing to reproductive behavior in aging males.

Xie K, Wang C, Scifo E et al. · Cell metabolism · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells and the Microenvironment Regulation in Sarcopenia:A Review.

This review summarized current evidence on skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and how their microenvironment regulates muscle regeneration and contributes to sarcopenia. The key finding is that satellite cell function is tightly controlled by microenvironmental signals, and dysregulation of these niche cues contributes to age-related loss of muscle mass and function. Scientifically, it highlights microenvironment–stem cell pathways as potential targets for interventions to prevent or treat sarcopenia.

Gao T, Zhang Y, Zhang D et al. · Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Colon-targeted engineered postbiotics nanoparticles alleviate osteoporosis through the gut-bone axis.

This preclinical study developed colon-targeted engineered postbiotics nanoparticles to deliver butyric acid to the colorectal site and tested their effects on osteoporosis via the gut-bone axis. The key finding was that polyvinyl butyrate nanoparticles coated with shellac resin enabled sustained butyrate release in the colon, suppressing macrophage inflammatory activation, improving redox balance, and shifting gut microbial composition to alleviate bone loss. This is significant because it provides a targeted drug-delivery strategy to enhance the efficacy and safety of postbiotics for osteoporosis.

Yu T, Bai R, Wang Z et al. · Nature communications · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Coordinated action of a gut-liver pathway drives alcohol detoxification and consumption.

This study investigated alcohol detoxification and drinking behavior by examining how a liver–gut axis coordinates systemic clearance of acetaldehyde (AcH) after ethanol intake, focusing on the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). It found that liver alone explains only part of systemic AcH clearance, whereas coordinated gut-liver signaling synergistically drives AcH clearance and reduces voluntary alcohol drinking. Clinically, the results strengthen the rationale for targeting gut-liver pathways (in addition to ALDH2) to develop more effective alcohol use disorder interventions.

Fu Y, Mackowiak B, Lin YH et al. · Nature metabolism · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparative Evaluation of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet and a Mediterranean Diet in Overweight/Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 16-Week Intervention Study.

This 16-week intervention study compared a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD; <130 g/day) versus a Mediterranean diet in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The key finding was the comparative metabolic and clinical effects of the two dietary patterns over the intervention period (with specific outcomes reported in the full article). Clinically, it informs dietary selection for improving glycemic control and weight-related outcomes in T2DM.

Currenti W, Losavio F, Quiete S et al. · Nutrients · (2023) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neurotechnology & neuromodulation

Large-scale single-neuron recording in the human cortex using an ultra-flexible electrode array.

The authors developed and evaluated an ultra-flexible implantable neural electrode array (uFINE) for large-scale single-neuron recordings during intraoperative procedures in human patients. The uFINE array enabled reliable, high-density single-unit recordings while maintaining mechanical integrity through surgery. This advances translational neurotechnology by providing a scalable platform for human single-cell electrophysiology that could support future clinical brain monitoring and research.

Wu S, Yan Z, Kong C et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neuraxial anesthesia and pain management for cesarean delivery.

This article reviewed neuraxial anesthesia and postoperative pain management strategies for cesarean delivery, focusing on how patient and obstetric factors influence anesthetic blockade and analgesia. It emphasized that anesthetic choice and perioperative context (including emergency cesarean scenarios) determine pain outcomes and that coordinated communication between obstetric and anesthesia teams is essential. The clinical significance is improved selection of neuraxial techniques and analgesic plans to achieve safer, more consistent pain control for cesarean patients.

Landau R, Sultan P · American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Effects of intermittent pneumatic compression on delayed onset muscle soreness and recovery of muscular fatigue.

This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) affects delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and recovery of muscular fatigue after plyometric exercise in 20 healthy untrained male college students. Participants were assigned to an IPC group (n=10) or control group (n=10), and the study characterized IPC’s therapeutic effect on DOMS and fatigue recovery outcomes. Clinically, it addresses whether IPC can be used as an evidence-based recovery intervention to reduce exercise-induced muscle injury symptoms.

Gu Z, Dai J, Xu K et al. · PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Large Language Model Influence on Diagnostic Reasoning: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial tested whether using a large language model (LLM) improves physicians’ diagnostic reasoning compared with conventional resources. The key finding was that LLM use influenced diagnostic reasoning performance in the trial setting (details of effect size and direction are in the full text). If validated, LLM decision-support tools could meaningfully affect clinical diagnostic workflows and training, but require careful evaluation for safety and reliability.

Goh E, Gallo R, Hom J et al. · JAMA network open · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Six types of loves differentially recruit reward and social cognition brain areas.

The study used functional MRI in humans to compare brain activity during experimentally induced feelings of love toward six different targets (romantic partner, children, friends, strangers, pets, and nature). Neural recruitment of reward and social-cognition brain regions differed by love object, indicating that “love” is not a single uniform neural state. This helps refine mechanistic models of attachment and social bonding and may guide more targeted neurobiological interventions for relationship- and attachment-related disorders.

Rinne P, Lahnakoski JM, Saarimäki H et al. · Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound suppresses pain by modulating pain-processing brain circuits.

The study tested low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) in mouse models by using a custom 128-element ultrasound transducer with dynamic focus steering to target pain-processing brain circuits. A single-session tFUS stimulation significantly suppressed pain-associated behaviors by modulating neural pain-processing circuits. This provides preclinical evidence for a nonpharmacological, spatially precise neuromodulation approach that could reduce reliance on opioid-based chronic pain treatments.

Kim MG, Yu K, Yeh CY et al. · Blood · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation for Neurogenic Bladder After Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury (SCI) by pooling randomized controlled trials up to December 31, 2022. Across 11 trials (881 participants), TENS improved key urodynamic outcomes such as maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) and reduced residual urine volume (RUV), with additional effects assessed on detrusor pressure, flow rate, and bladder diary measures. Clinically, the findings support TENS as a noninvasive adjunct option for managing neurogenic bladder in SCI patients, while also informing the evidence base for future trial design.

Jiang Y, Li X, Guo S et al. · Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer immunotherapy biomarkers & resistance mechanisms

Phenotype of circulating tumor-reactive T cells predicts immune checkpoint inhibitor response in non-small cell lung cancer.

This study analyzed paired tumor-infiltrating and peripheral CD8+ T cells from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to define circulating tumor-reactive T cells (cTR-T) by tumor-reactive gene signatures. It found that the phenotype of circulating TR-Ts—marked by surface proteins including CD49a, CD49b, and HLA-DR—predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This provides a potential blood-based biomarker strategy to stratify NSCLC patients likely to benefit from ICI therapy.

Ito K, Iida K, Hirano T et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

SLC2A1+ tumour-associated macrophages spatially control CD8+ T cell function and drive resistance to immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

This study examined how SLC2A1+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) spatially regulate CD8+ T cell function and drive resistance to immunotherapy in NSCLC using human biopsies and murine tumor models. It showed that TAM-specific deletion of Slc2a1 enhances spatial homogeneity and effector function of intratumoral CD8+ T cells, improving αPD-L1 efficacy, whereas tumor-cell Slc2a1 knockdown did not replicate the benefit. The results support targeting the TAM SLC2A1 axis to overcome checkpoint blockade resistance by reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment.

Wang L, Chu H, Chen D et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Endothelial cells sense temozolomide resistance to facilitate monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma.

The study investigated how temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) regulates endothelial signaling to promote monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) infiltration, using patient-derived GBM organoids (GBOs). Molecular profiling of TMZ-resistant recurrent GBOs identified upregulated gene programs that drive endothelial “sensing” of TMZ resistance to facilitate MDM recruitment. This mechanistic link suggests endothelial targets could be exploited to block macrophage infiltration and improve outcomes in recurrent, TMZ-resistant GBM.

Gao W, Huang J, Deng K et al. · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Guanine nucleotides drive ribosome biogenesis and glycolytic reprogramming in acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.

The study examined venetoclax (Ven)-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells (LSCs) and how they adapt metabolism and ribosome biogenesis under OXPHOS inhibition. It found that Ven-resistant LSCs undergo glycolytic reprogramming supported by enhanced de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, which suppresses the impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint (IRBC), destabilizes TP53, and sustains MYC expression. These findings identify guanine nucleotide metabolism and the IRBC–TP53–MYC axis as potential vulnerabilities to overcome Ven resistance in AML.

Kawano G, Ikeda R, Ishihara D et al. · Blood · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Spatial-reprogramming derived GPNMB+ macrophages interact with COL6A3+ fibroblasts to enhance vascular fibrosis in glioblastoma.

The study analyzed glioblastoma (GBM) tumor microenvironment spatial organization to determine how spatially reprogrammed GPNMB+ macrophages interact with COL6A3+ fibroblasts to drive vascular fibrosis. Using integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics plus validation by multiplex immunohistochemistry and atomic force microscopy, it showed that GPNMB+ macrophage–fibroblast crosstalk promotes vascular fibrotic remodeling. This provides a cellular interaction mechanism for resistance to combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and antiangiogenic therapy and suggests targeting the macrophage–fibroblast axis to reduce GBM vascular fibrosis.

Du Y, Long X, Li X et al. · Genome medicine · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

The immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer.

This review summarized how the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment (TME) governs immune evasion and therapy response, with emphasis on why only a subset of patients benefits from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). It contrasts immune-activated microsatellite unstable CRC, which responds to ICB, with predominant microsatellite-stable CRC that remains poorly immunogenic and immunosuppressed. The significance is that rational TME modulation strategies are needed to convert “cold” CRC into an immune-activated state that can respond to immunotherapy.

Kennel KB, Greten FR · Nature reviews. Cancer · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer genomics, multi-omics, and tumor microenvironment remodeling

A clinical review of cervical cancer.

This clinical review summarized the epidemiology, risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and treatment landscape of cervical cancer across global and U.S. populations. It highlighted that incidence and mortality vary by age and are disproportionately higher among Black, Latina, Hispanic, American Indian, and Alaska Native females due to disparities in comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and access to care. The review’s significance is to contextualize current clinical management needs and emphasize equity-focused prevention and treatment strategies.

Pullen RL, Ritchie S · Nursing · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Multi-omics and machine learning reveal DPPC as a key contributor to colorectal cancer progression and tumor immune microenvironment remodeling.

This study used integrated multi-omics, two-sample Mendelian randomization (1400 metabolites and 91 inflammatory cytokines), single-cell transcriptomics, and machine learning to identify drivers of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and immune microenvironment remodeling. It implicated DPPC (a phosphatidylcholine metabolite) as a key contributor to CRC progression and to remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment, with experimental validation supporting the computational findings. This suggests DPPC-centered metabolic pathways could be actionable targets or biomarkers for CRC prognosis and immunotherapy responsiveness.

Li X, Dong H, Jin Z et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Mapping early human blood cell differentiation using single-cell proteomics and transcriptomics.

This study mapped early human blood cell differentiation by generating single-cell proteomics via mass spectrometry (scp-MS) across an in vivo CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor differentiation hierarchy and integrating it with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Integration identified proteins important for stem cell function that were not indicated by their mRNA transcripts, highlighting discordance between transcript and protein programs during differentiation. The work is significant because it provides a more complete, protein-informed atlas of human hematopoiesis that can improve mechanistic interpretation of differentiation trajectories and biomarkers.

Furtwängler B, Üresin N, Richter S et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

HER2DX and survival outcomes in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer: an individual patient-level meta-analysis.

This individual patient-level meta-analysis studied whether the HER2DX genomic test risk score predicts survival outcomes in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer. Across included cohorts, HER2DX risk stratification was associated with differences in survival, supporting HER2DX as a tool to capture tumor biology beyond standard clinical-pathological variables. Clinically, this supports using HER2DX to improve personalized risk assessment and treatment decision-making in early HER2-positive disease.

Villacampa G, Pascual T, Tarantino P et al. · The Lancet. Oncology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer of the corpus uteri: A 2025 update.

This 2025 narrative update reviewed endometrial (corpus uteri) cancer across histopathology, staging, surgical and non-surgical management, follow-up, and recurrent-disease treatment in clinical practice. It highlights that endometrial cancer incidence and mortality are increasing and emphasizes the heterogeneity of endometrial cancer as a driver of differing management strategies. The clinical significance is improved, up-to-date guidance for risk-adapted diagnosis and treatment planning to address rising disease burden and recurrence.

Koskas M, Crosbie EJ, Fokdal L et al. · International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Noninvasive prognostic classification of ITH in HCC with multi-omics insights and therapeutic implications.

This multi-center study analyzed intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using noninvasive radiomics from multi-sequence MRI to define radiomics ITH (RITH) phenotypes in 851 patients, and then integrated multi-omics to interpret underlying mechanisms. The RITH phenotypes correlated with prognosis and pathological ITH, and multi-omics analysis clarified molecular mechanisms associated with the RITH groups. Scientifically and clinically, it provides a noninvasive, prognostic ITH classification with biological interpretability that may guide therapeutic decision-making and risk stratification.

Xie Y, Wang F, Wei J et al. · Science advances · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

A novel glycolysis-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer.

This study developed and validated a glycolysis-related gene (GRG) signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in breast invasive carcinoma using TCGA-BRCA as a training set and GEO as a validation set. The authors identified a GRG-based prognostic model that stratified breast cancer patients by survival risk and was associated with differences in immunotherapy response. These findings support a gene-expression–based glycolysis biomarker approach to improve risk prediction and guide immunotherapy selection in breast cancer.

Huang R, Li Y, Lin K et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

ANGPTL2+cancer-associated fibroblasts and SPP1+macrophages are metastasis accelerators of colorectal cancer.

This study analyzed colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis mechanisms by integrating bulk RNA-seq and clinicopathologic data from TCGA and GEO with CRC single-cell RNA-seq datasets (via TISCH) to characterize cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and macrophage subsets. It identified ANGPTL2+ CAFs and SPP1+ macrophages as metastasis accelerators of liver metastasis in CRC and used computational and experimental approaches to support their pro-metastatic roles. The work suggests ANGPTL2 and SPP1–defined stromal/immune cell states as potential therapeutic targets to prevent or slow CRC liver metastasis.

Liu X, Qin J, Nie J et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2023) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer therapeutics (drugs, gene therapy, and clinical trials)

Comparative effectiveness of atogepant and rimegepant for migraine prevention in Japanese patients: an anchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison.

This anchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison compared atogepant versus rimegepant for migraine prevention in Japanese patients using data from three placebo-controlled trials (RELEASE and PROGRESS for atogepant; BHV3000-309 for rimegepant). It assessed changes in mean monthly migraine days and mean monthly acute medication use days, along with quality-of-life outcomes such as MSQ v2.1 RFR, MIDAS, and EQ-VAS. The comparative effectiveness synthesis helps clinicians in Japan choose between these two CGRP-pathway preventive therapies when head-to-head evidence is unavailable.

Takizawa T, Ahmadyar G, Tyas E et al. · Expert review of neurotherapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates in cancer therapy: Potential and Promise.

This review article synthesized current evidence on antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) as next-generation X-drug conjugates, contrasting them with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and focusing on gene-modulating oligonucleotide payloads such as siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). It highlights the modular design (targeting antibody, linker, and oligonucleotide payload) and the therapeutic potential of AOCs to achieve more precise gene regulation in cancer. The significance lies in providing a conceptual and translational framework for designing and evaluating AOCs as emerging precision oncology therapeutics.

Meng Q, Yang M, Xing F et al. · Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Tofersen: A Review in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Associated with SOD1 Mutations.

This review summarized evidence for tofersen (QALSODY®), an antisense oligonucleotide that induces SOD1 mRNA degradation, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with SOD1 mutations. In the phase III VALOR trial, intrathecal tofersen reduced plasma neurofilament proteins and reduced total SOD1 protein in cerebrospinal fluid, with biomarker effects sustained in a long-term open-label extension. The significance is that tofersen provides disease-targeting therapy for SOD1-ALS with measurable neuro-axonal injury and target engagement biomarkers, informing ongoing clinical use and future trials.

McGuigan A, Blair HA · CNS drugs · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

PD-1 antibody camrelizumab plus apatinib and SOX as first-line treatment in patients with AFP-producing gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (CAP 06): a multi-center, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

This multi-center, single-arm phase 2 trial (CAP 06; NCT04609176) studied first-line camrelizumab (PD-1 antibody) plus apatinib and S-1/oxaliplatin (SOX), followed by maintenance camrelizumab plus apatinib, in patients with AFP-producing gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma. The trial assessed antitumor activity, safety, and biomarkers, targeting a subtype noted for increased angiogenesis and immunosuppression. The clinical significance is that it tests an immunotherapy–antiangiogenic combination strategy for a rare, high-risk cancer subtype where effective first-line options are uncertain.

Wang Y, Lu J, Chong X et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Tofersen for SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized clinical evidence on tofersen, an antisense oligonucleotide targeting SOD1, for safety and efficacy in adults with SOD1-mutant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Across 12 included studies totaling 195 treated patients, the authors pooled data using random-effects models to evaluate tofersen outcomes. The significance is that it consolidates the evidence base supporting tofersen’s clinical use in SOD1-related ALS and characterizes its overall safety/efficacy profile.

Hamad AA, Alkhawaldeh IM, Nashwan AJ et al. · Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Tofersen for SOD1 ALS.

This article reviewed the therapeutic rationale and clinical evidence for tofersen in SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The key finding was that tofersen, an antisense oligonucleotide that reduces SOD1 mRNA and SOD1 protein expression, showed robust biomarker effects, and open-label extension data suggest slowed progression despite a Phase III primary endpoint failure. Scientifically and clinically, this supports continued evaluation of antisense knockdown strategies for genetically defined SOD1 ALS and informs future trial design and endpoints.

Everett WH, Bucelli RC · Neurodegenerative disease management · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Berberine and magnolol exert cooperative effects on ulcerative colitis in mice by self-assembling into carrier-free nanostructures.

This preclinical mouse study tested whether berberine (BBR) and magnolol (MAG) cooperate against ulcerative colitis (UC) by self-assembling into carrier-free nanostructures. The key finding was that BBR and MAG formed nanostructures via charge interactions and π–π stacking and exerted cooperative anti-UC effects in mice (with pharmacokinetic improvements reported in the abstract). This is significant because it suggests a phytochemical nanostructure strategy that could enhance UC drug delivery and efficacy without conventional carriers.

Xu Y, Chen Z, Hao W et al. · Journal of nanobiotechnology · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Oral microsphere formulation of M2 macrophage-mimetic Janus nanomotor for targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis.

This preclinical study engineered an oral drug-delivery system for ulcerative colitis using sodium alginate microspheres containing M2 macrophage membrane–coated Janus nanomotors (Motor@M2M). The key findings were that the microspheres protected the nanomotors in gastric conditions, enabled controlled release, improved targeting to inflammatory tissues via M2 macrophage membrane cues, and acted as a decoy to neutralize inflammatory cytokines while mitigating ROS/inflammation. Scientifically, it advances a mucus-penetrating, inflammation-targeted nanomotor platform for UC therapy.

Luo R, Liu J, Cheng Q et al. · Science advances · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Asciminib in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

This phase 3 randomized trial in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia compared asciminib (80 mg once daily), a BCR::ABL1 inhibitor that specifically targets the ABL myristoyl pocket, versus an investigator-selected ATP-competitive TKI. The trial’s central finding was that asciminib provided effective long-term disease control with a safety profile intended to be favorable relative to standard frontline ATP-competitive TKIs. This is clinically significant because it supports asciminib as a potential frontline option for patients with newly diagnosed CML.

Hochhaus A, Wang J, Kim DW et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Monoclonal Antibodies for Cognitive Decline in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-beta (anti-Aβ mAbs) for cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease using randomized controlled trials up to March 31, 2023. The key finding was a ranked comparison of anti-Aβ mAb drugs by efficacy and safety using odds ratios for binary outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes (analyzed with R/JAGS/STATA). Clinically, it helps determine which anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody strategies may offer the best balance of cognitive benefit and adverse effects in early Alzheimer’s disease.

Qiao Y, Gu J, Yu M et al. · CNS drugs · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Biomarker-directed targeted therapy plus durvalumab in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase 2 umbrella trial.

This phase 2 umbrella trial studied biomarker-directed targeted therapy combined with durvalumab (anti–PD-L1) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), focusing on patients whose tumors lacked currently targetable molecular alterations. The key finding was the trial framework and early evidence that resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint blockade—such as DNA damage response/repair defects, STK11/LKB1 alterations, antigen-presentation pathway changes, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment features—can be addressed with biomarker-selected combinations alongside durvalumab. The scientific significance is that it operationalizes a precision approach to overcome or mitigate resistance to PD-(L)1 inhibitors in NSCLC.

Besse B, Pons-Tostivint E, Park K et al. · Nature medicine · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX versus upfront surgery for resectable pancreatic head cancer (NORPACT-1): a multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial.

This multicentre, randomized phase 2 trial (NORPACT-1) studied neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX versus upfront surgery in adults with resectable pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma across 12 hospitals in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The key finding was the comparative efficacy and safety assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) against the standard upfront surgical strategy, with outcomes reported in the full text. Scientifically and clinically, it tests whether preoperative systemic therapy improves resectability-related outcomes and survival prospects in resectable pancreatic cancer.

Labori KJ, Bratlie SO, Andersson B et al. · The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Preclinical Characterization of AZD9574, a Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrant Inhibitor of PARP1.

This preclinical study evaluated AZD9574, a blood-brain barrier–penetrant selective PARP1 inhibitor, using in vitro assays of PARylation inhibition, PARP-DNA trapping, and BBB penetration plus subcutaneous and intracranial mouse xenograft models, with BBB penetration assessed in mouse, rat, and monkey and hematotoxicity in rat. AZD9574 showed target engagement and anti-tumor activity in intracranial xenografts and, when combined with temozolomide (TMZ), demonstrated efficacy while maintaining an acceptable safety profile in the preclinical models tested. These findings support AZD9574 as a brain-penetrant PARP1 therapeutic strategy for tumors such as glioblastoma where intracranial efficacy and combination with TMZ may be clinically relevant.

Staniszewska AD, Pilger D, Gill SJ et al. · Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

TROPION-Breast02: Datopotamab deruxtecan for locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

This article describes the phase III TROPION-Breast02 trial design evaluating datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), an anti–TROP2 IgG1 antibody-drug conjugate delivering a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload, in patients with locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The trial compares Dato-DXd versus investigator’s choice chemotherapy in approximately 600 patients who are not candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, aiming to determine efficacy and safety in this setting. Scientifically and clinically, it tests whether TROP2-targeted ADC therapy can improve outcomes for a high-need TNBC population lacking effective standard options.

Dent RA, Cescon DW, Bachelot T et al. · Future oncology (London, England) · (2023) · View on PubMed ↗

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RNA biology & epigenetic/transcriptional regulation

R-loops orchestrate RNAPII transcriptional reprogramming for the maternal-to-zygotic transition.

This research investigated how R-loops regulate RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcriptional reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) in mammalian preimplantation embryos. It found that CG-poor R-loops are stage-specific and that loss of CG-poor R-loops causes defects in MZT and preimplantation development by promoting premature activation of major zygotic genome activation (ZGA) genes. These mechanistic insights link R-loop composition to early developmental gene regulation and may identify targets for understanding implantation failure and developmental disorders.

Li Y, Li Q, Wang X et al. · Cell research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

RNA m1A methyltransferase TRMT61A promotes colorectal tumorigenesis by enhancing ONECUT2 mRNA stability and is a potential therapeutic target.

The study investigated the RNA N1-methyladenosine (m1A) methyltransferase TRMT61A in colorectal cancer (CRC) and tested whether it promotes tumorigenesis by stabilizing ONECUT2 mRNA. Across multiple CRC cohorts and functional models including CRC cell lines, patient-derived organoids, xenografts, and transgenic mice, TRMT61A increased ONECUT2 mRNA stability and supported CRC growth, and the work proposed TRMT61A as a therapeutic target using a nanoparticle-based small interfering RNA approach (details truncated in the abstract). By linking an m1A writer (TRMT61A) to a specific mRNA stability mechanism (ONECUT2), the study supports RNA-modification targeting as a strategy for CRC therapy.

Zhang X, Qin N, Ji F et al. · Cancer communications (London, England) · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cell death, senescence, and stress-response mechanisms in disease

SIRT3 deacetylates STEAP4 to modulate cuproptosis sensitivity via mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in HBV-related HCC.

The authors studied HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to determine how hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) alters cuproptosis sensitivity through mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. Integrative analyses of clinical specimens and HBx-transgenic mouse models showed HBx downregulates STEAP4, a metalloreductase required for cuproptosis sensitivity, via SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of STEAP4. This identifies an HBx–SIRT3–STEAP4 axis that modulates copper-dependent cell death vulnerability, suggesting a potential therapeutic lever in HBV-driven HCC.

Du ZB, Wu XM, Lei JM et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structural basis for the recruitment and selective phosphorylation of Akt by mTORC2.

This structural biology study determined the mechanism by which mTORC2 selectively recruits and phosphorylates Akt by creating semisynthetic probes to trap the mTORC2–Akt complex. It provided a structural basis for how mTORC2 recognizes Akt and achieves selective phosphorylation of Akt (and PKC) rather than closely related kinases. These findings clarify a core signaling specificity step in PI3K/Ras and Akt pathways relevant to cancer and diabetes.

Taylor MS, Chen M, Hancock M et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cellular senescence-associated gene IFI16 promotes HMOX1-dependent evasion of ferroptosis and radioresistance in glioblastoma.

This mechanistic study investigated how the cellular senescence-associated gene IFI16 affects ferroptosis evasion and radioresistance in glioblastoma using a radioresistant GBM cell model generated by repeated irradiation. IFI16 promoted radioresistance by activating HMOX1 transcription, which reduced lipid peroxidation, ROS production, and intracellular Fe2+ after irradiation to attenuate ferroptosis. Scientifically, it identifies an IFI16–HMOX1 axis as a potential therapeutic target to overcome radiotherapy resistance in glioblastoma.

Zhou Y, Zeng L, Cai L et al. · Nature communications · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Autophagy in cancer development, immune evasion, and drug resistance.

This review article analyzed how macroautophagy/autophagy contributes to cancer development, immune evasion, and drug resistance, emphasizing context-dependent roles across cancer stages. The key finding was that autophagy can switch from tumor-suppressive effects in early disease to pro-tumor functions during progression, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Understanding these stage- and pathway-specific mechanisms is clinically significant for designing more effective anticancer and anti-resistance strategies targeting autophagy.

Niu X, You Q, Hou K et al. · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cardiovascular disease risk, screening, and electrophysiology

Cardiac Screening for Conditions Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death: Yield, Interventions, and SCA/SCD Incidence in 104,369 Young Individuals.

This study evaluated the diagnostic yield and downstream interventions of a one-time cardiac screening (questionnaire plus ECG) in 104,369 young individuals aged 14–35 years, including 9% athletes, enrolled between 2008 and 2018. The screening identified actionable cardiac conditions and enabled subsequent diagnoses after initial clearance, with reported incidence of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) during follow-up. These population-level effectiveness data inform how to balance screening benefits and resource use for preventing SCD beyond athlete-focused programs.

MacLachlan H, Bhatia R, Raju H et al. · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Diagnostic accuracy of the Gold Coast Criteria for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the diagnostic accuracy of the Gold Coast Criteria (GCC) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) against the Revised El Escorial Criteria (rEEC) and Awaji Criteria (AC) in suspected ALS. Using literature searches through December 2024 and quality assessment with QUADAS-2 and STARD, it pooled sensitivity and specificity across eligible studies and performed sensitivity analyses to test robustness. The findings are clinically important because they inform which diagnostic criteria most reliably classify ALS earlier and more accurately in real-world diagnostic pathways.

von Quednow E, Husain N, Łajczak P et al. · Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases.

This study performed the first proteome-wide association study (PWAS) for 26 cardiovascular diseases using plasma proteomics from 53,022 participants in the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP) and integrated SNP–protein weights with GWAS summary statistics. The analysis implicated novel proteins across cardiac, venous, and cerebrovascular disease categories as contributors to CVD pathogenesis. This is scientifically significant because it prioritizes new protein targets for downstream validation and potential therapeutic development across multiple cardiovascular disease subtypes.

Wang JH, Dong SS, Huang W et al. · Cardiovascular diabetology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Medication Adherence in Hypertension: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

This cluster randomized clinical trial evaluated a multicomponent intervention to improve medication adherence in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and medication nonadherence identified using linked electronic health record–pharmacy data in the TEAMLET program. The intervention used team-based care to address adherence barriers at the point of care for enrolled participants. The study is significant because it tests a scalable, data-driven adherence strategy that could reduce uncontrolled blood pressure by targeting nonadherence directly.

Blecker S, Mann DM, Martinez TR et al. · JAMA cardiology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Spotlight on the 2024 ESC/EACTS management of atrial fibrillation guidelines: 10 novel key aspects.

This review highlighted 10 novel aspects of the 2024 ESC/EACTS atrial fibrillation management guidelines, focusing on the AF-CARE framework and its four pillars: comorbidity/risk factor management, stroke/thromboembolism avoidance, symptom reduction via rate/rhythm control, and evaluation with dynamic reassessment. The key finding is the guideline’s structured approach intended to improve patient care and outcomes across these domains. Clinically, it serves as an implementation-focused synthesis to help clinicians apply the updated AF-CARE framework in practice.

Rienstra M, Tzeis S, Bunting KV et al. · Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Cardioneuroablation for the treatment of reflex syncope and functional bradyarrhythmias: A Scientific Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS).

This Scientific Statement from multiple electrophysiology societies reviewed evidence for cardioneuroablation as a treatment for reflex syncope and functional bradyarrhythmias, addressing patient selection and procedural technique. The key finding is that cardioneuroablation can be an alternative to cardiac pacing in selected patients with vasovagal reflex syncope and vagally induced sinus bradycardia-arrest or atrioventricular block, provided selection and technique are appropriate. Scientifically and clinically, it standardizes how to evaluate candidates and interpret outcomes for this emerging neuromodulatory ablation strategy.

Aksu T, Brignole M, Calo L et al. · Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Large-Scale Proteomics Improve Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease in People With Diabetes.

This cohort study in 2,094 UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project participants with diabetes (no baseline CKD) developed and validated a plasma-protein risk score to predict incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). The resulting CKD protein risk score, built from 11 proteins measured among nearly 3,000 plasma proteins, improved prediction compared with a clinical CKD risk model (CKD Prediction Consortium) and was compared against a CKD polygenic risk score. This supports proteomics-informed risk stratification for CKD in people with diabetes, potentially enabling earlier prevention and monitoring.

Ye Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y et al. · Diabetes care · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Impact of high-power short-duration atrial fibrillation ablation technique on the incidence of silent cerebral embolism: a prospective randomized controlled study.

This prospective randomized controlled study evaluated whether high-power short-duration atrial fibrillation ablation using the Smart Touch Surround Flow (STSF) catheter reduces silent cerebral embolism (SCE) compared with conventional Smart Touch (ST) catheter ablation. The key finding was the measured incidence of SCE under the two ablation strategies in 100 randomized AF patients (with results detailed in the full text). The clinical significance is that optimizing ablation power/time and catheter design may reduce procedure-related cerebral microembolic risk.

Chen WJ, Gan CX, Cai YW et al. · BMC medicine · (2023) · View on PubMed ↗

Versican Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Cardiac Repair.

This study investigated how the extracellular matrix proteoglycan versican (Versican) regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair by using neonatal and adult mouse models of myocardial injury (apical resection and myocardial infarction). Versican promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation and enhanced cardiac repair, linking injury-associated extracellular matrix remodeling to regenerative capacity in the neonatal heart. These findings identify Versican as a potential molecular lever to stimulate heart regeneration after injury, with implications for developing regenerative therapies for myocardial damage.

Feng J, Li Y, Li Y et al. · Circulation · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

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Renal and autoimmune disease therapeutics

Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Efgartigimod PH20 in Adults With Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ADVANCE SC): A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial.

In the Phase 3 ADVANCE SC trial, adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) were randomized to receive subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20 or placebo to assess efficacy and safety. Subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20 produced clinically meaningful platelet responses compared with placebo in this chronic ITP population with platelet counts <30×10^9/L and prior ITP therapies. This supports efgartigimod PH20 as a potential at-home/less invasive therapeutic option for primary ITP management.

Cooper N, Broome CM, Miyakawa Y et al. · American journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Disrupting B and T-cell collaboration in autoimmune disease: T-cell engagers versus CAR T-cell therapy?

This article discusses how disrupting B and T-cell collaboration in autoimmune disease compares T-cell engager approaches with CAR T-cell therapy, in the context of existing B-cell depletion strategies. The key point is that different immunotherapies may vary in their ability to overcome incomplete B-cell depletion and address pathogenic B-cell subsets (including switched memory B cells, CD19+CD20− B cells, and plasma cells) that persist despite anti-CD20 therapies. Scientifically and clinically, it frames why next-generation T-cell–directed strategies could be important for refractory autoimmune disease where standard BCD is insufficient.

Shah K, Leandro M, Cragg M et al. · Clinical and experimental immunology · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

A phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of atacicept for treatment of IgA nephropathy.

This phase 2b randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied atacicept (a dual BAFF/APRIL fusion protein) in 116 biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy patients, comparing atacicept 150 mg, 75 mg, or 25 mg versus placebo once weekly for up to 36 weeks. The key finding was the trial’s efficacy and safety evaluation using changes in urine protein-to-creatinine ratio at weeks 24 and 36 as primary and key secondary endpoints (with results reported in the full article). Scientifically, it tests whether BAFF/APRIL pathway blockade with atacicept can reduce proteinuria and improve outcomes in IgA nephropathy.

Lafayette R, Barbour S, Israni R et al. · Kidney international · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

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Ophthalmology (retina/ocular disease) therapeutics & risk

Can Gene Therapy Revolutionize Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether gene therapy—primarily adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based anti-VEGF constructs—provides safe and clinically meaningful outcomes for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) compared with baseline or standard care. Overall, the analysis focused on visual acuity, anatomical response, treatment burden, and safety, aiming to determine whether gene therapy can reduce the need for frequent anti-VEGF injections. The review’s clinical significance is that it assesses whether gene therapy could improve long-term adherence and reduce treatment burden in nAMD while maintaining safety.

Chen KY, Chan HC, Chan CM · American journal of ophthalmology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Diabetic retinal disease.

This Disease Primer reviewed diabetic retinal disease (DRD) as a whole-retina condition rather than only retinal microvascular pathology, covering preclinical and clinical features linked to vision outcomes and quality of life. It describes ongoing efforts to integrate retinal signs with systemic health and biochemical milieu in people with diabetes and references major clinical research efforts such as the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Retina Network trials. The significance is a broader, mechanism-informed framework for studying and ultimately improving diagnosis and treatment of vision-threatening diabetic retinal disease.

Sivaprasad S, Wong TY, Gardner TW et al. · Nature reviews. Disease primers · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Catalytic neural stem cell exosomes for multi-stage targeting and synergistical therapy of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

This study engineered catalytic neural stem cell exosomes decorated with polylysine (K10) and expressing catalase (CataKNexo) to target the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and treat retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI), using in vitro retinal models and mechanistic links to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated oxidative stress. It showed that CataKNexo reached the ONL and provided synergistic antioxidant and neuroprotective effects by countering decreased catalase activity and H2O2-driven damage. The scientific significance is a targeted, enzyme-replacement exosome strategy that could translate into improved therapies for RIRI-related vision loss.

Yang W, Wang X, Zheng D et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Impact on Chronic Ocular Disease Including Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

This retrospective cohort study used US electronic health records to evaluate whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) affect the risk of chronic ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, in patients older than 60 years with at least 5 years of ophthalmology follow-up. After propensity score matching (1:1) against users of metformin, insulin, statin, or aspirin, the study assessed differences in ocular disease incidence across medication groups. The clinical significance is that it aims to clarify whether GLP-1RA exposure is associated with altered risk of age-related ocular outcomes in real-world populations.

Allan KC, Joo JH, Kim S et al. · Ophthalmology · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Red and Green LED Light Therapy: A Comparative Study in Androgenetic Alopecia.

This comparative clinical study evaluated red versus green LED light therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) using an LED helmet delivering 40 J/cm² over 20 minutes to the frontal scalp. The key finding was that red and green LED light treatments were compared using clinical photography, physician 7-point evaluations, patient satisfaction, and objective measurements (as described in the abstract). The study is significant because it directly tests whether green LED light provides benefits comparable to or different from red/near-infrared LLLT in human AGA.

Tantiyavarong J, Charoensuksira S, Meephansan J et al. · Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparative Effectiveness of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors, and Sulfonylureas for Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy.

This retrospective observational database study emulating a target trial evaluated whether glucose-lowering drug class affects risk of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in adults with type 2 diabetes and moderate cardiovascular disease risk. It compared initiation of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas among patients without baseline advanced retinal complications. The findings are intended to inform comparative effectiveness and medication selection to reduce severe retinal outcomes in T2D.

Barkmeier AJ, Herrin J, Swarna KS et al. · Ophthalmology. Retina · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

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Bone, osteoporosis, and fracture risk

Maltol induces diabetic fragility fractures by disrupting the balance of bone remodeling.

The study combined clinical metabolomics with in vivo and in vitro experiments to determine whether maltol, a widely used food additive, contributes to hyperglycemia-associated fragility fractures in type 2 diabetes. Maltol accumulation in femoral neck tissue and elevated circulating maltol levels correlated with higher fracture incidence, and mechanistically maltol inhibited osteoblast differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin while promoting osteoclast maturation through NF-κB signaling. These findings identify maltol as a potential modifiable risk factor linking diabetes to skeletal fragility.

Wang J, Wang Z, Feng J et al. · Cell metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Alpha-Ketoisocaproate Attenuates Muscle Atrophy in Cancer Cachexia Models.

This study tested whether α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), a metabolite of L-leucine, attenuates cancer cachexia–associated muscle atrophy by targeting myostatin in BALB/c mice and C2C12 myotubes using C26- and 4T1-induced cachexia models. KIC treatment reduced muscle atrophy phenotypes and modulated the myostatin pathway in these cancer cachexia models. The findings are significant because they support KIC as a potential therapeutic candidate for cancer-associated muscle wasting with a defined molecular target (myostatin).

Lim P, Woo SW, Han J et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Antiosteoporosis medication in patients with posterior spine fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared osteoporosis medications—teriparatide, bisphosphonates, denosumab, and romosozumab—in patients with low bone mineral density undergoing posterior spine fusion. It evaluated which drug classes improve fusion outcomes and reduce complications such as pseudarthrosis and screw loosening, synthesizing evidence across included studies. The clinical significance is that it aims to inform perioperative pharmacologic selection to optimize spinal fusion and minimize postoperative complications in this high-risk population.

Jin H, Jin H, Suk KS et al. · The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

The role of nutrition in wound healing and implications for nursing practice.

This narrative review examined how nutrition—specifically proteins, vitamins (A, C, E, K), and minerals (zinc, iron, copper, manganese)—affects each phase of wound healing (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling) and translated the evidence into nursing practice. The key finding is that adequate intake of these nutrients is mechanistically linked to collagen synthesis, immune function, and cellular activity, thereby influencing wound recovery speed and quality. Clinically, the article emphasizes that nurses should assess nutritional status and implement targeted dietary interventions and education to optimize wound outcomes.

Hill B, Mitchell A, Szydlowska A et al. · British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

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Infectious disease, sepsis, and inflammation

Akkermansia Muciniphila Alleviates Severe Acute Pancreatitis via Amuc1409-Ube2k-Foxp3 Axis in Regulatory T Cells.

This study examined the gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila in patients with acute pancreatitis and tested mechanisms in Foxp3-DTR and IL-10 knockout (IL-10-KO) mice, focusing on a regulatory T-cell axis involving Amuc1409, Ube2k, and Foxp3. It found that Akkermansia abundance was reduced in acute pancreatitis fecal samples and inversely associated with systemic inflammatory severity, and that A. muciniphila ameliorated severe acute pancreatitis through the Amuc1409–Ube2k–Foxp3 axis in regulatory T cells. Scientifically, it links microbiome depletion to dysregulated SIRS/CARS and identifies a specific T-cell molecular pathway that could be targeted to treat severe acute pancreatitis.

Xie J, Du L, Lu Y et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Platelet NLRP6 protects against microvascular thrombosis in sepsis.

This study investigated the role of nucleotide-oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) specifically in platelets using platelet-specific NLRP6 knockout mice in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model. Platelet NLRP6 deletion increased mortality and worsened microvascular thrombosis in the lung and liver. The findings are clinically significant because they identify platelet NLRP6 as a protective regulator in sepsis-associated microvascular thrombosis and a potential therapeutic target.

Jiang H, Chen S, Gui X et al. · Blood · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Incidence and risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence in ICU patients and identified risk factors and outcome impacts. The key finding was pooled estimates of VAP incidence and associated risk factors, along with evidence that VAP worsens clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. These results are significant for targeting prevention bundles and risk stratification to reduce VAP burden in critical care.

Li W, Cai J, Ding L et al. · Journal of thoracic disease · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Review: sepsis guidelines and core measure bundles.

This review synthesized contemporary sepsis guidelines and core measure bundle approaches, focusing on how screening tools and treatment protocols have evolved for sepsis recognition and management. It highlights that standardized bundles (e.g., from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign and other consensus efforts) aim to improve timely care and outcomes across the continuum from in-hospital survival to post-discharge quality of life and readmission risk. Clinically, it supports implementation of evidence-based bundle measures to reduce mortality and morbidity in sepsis.

Desposito L, Bascara C · Postgraduate medicine · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

ACVIM Consensus Statement on the management of status epilepticus and cluster seizures in dogs and cats.

This ACVIM consensus statement reviewed and synthesized evidence to develop evidence-based management guidelines for status epilepticus (SE) and cluster seizures (CS) in dogs and cats. The key outcome was an expert-agreed, practical treatment framework intended to reduce variability in emergency seizure care and improve decision-making for rapidly progressive, drug-resistant seizure emergencies. Clinically, it provides standardized guidance for veterinary neurologists and general practitioners managing SE/CS in companion animals.

Charalambous M, Muñana K, Patterson EE et al. · Journal of veterinary internal medicine · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

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Environmental health & toxicology (microplastics, metals, exposome)

The contribution of additives to microplastic aquatic toxicity - A testing approach with model additives on selected aquatic organisms.

This study developed and tested an experimental framework to separate physical (particle-related) effects from chemical effects contributed by microplastic additives using model additive-loaded micro/nanoplastics and selected aquatic organisms. It compared toxicity from additive-loaded particles, pristine additive-free particles, and additives alone while characterizing additive release and considering environmental ageing. The approach improves causal attribution of microplastic toxicity to additives versus particle effects, strengthening risk assessment for aquatic ecosystems.

Perc V, Jemec Kokalj A, Drobne D et al. · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The exposomal imprint on rosacea: More than skin deep.

This review synthesized evidence on how the exposome—environmental and lifestyle factors—interacts with genetic susceptibility and immune dysregulation to shape rosacea pathogenesis. It highlights recent single-cell transcriptomics findings implicating fibroblasts in inflammatory and vascular pathways and discusses emerging roles for non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications. Clinically, the exposome-focused framework may guide more personalized prevention and treatment strategies for rosacea by targeting both intrinsic and extrinsic drivers.

Grafanaki K, Bakoli Sgourou D, Maniatis A et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Polyethylene terephthalate microplastics promote pulmonary fibrosis via AKT1, PIK3CD, and PIM1: A network toxicology and multi-omics analysis.

This study investigated whether polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET-MPs) exacerbate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and elucidated underlying molecular mechanisms using network toxicology, molecular docking, Mendelian randomization, and single-cell sequencing. PET-MPs were predicted and mechanistically linked to pro-fibrotic signaling involving AKT1, PIK3CD, and PIM1, supporting a multi-pathway model of lung fibrosis promotion. These findings suggest specific druggable targets (AKT1/PI3K/PIK3CD and PIM1) for developing interventions against microplastic-associated or IPF-like fibrotic disease.

Zhao W, Yang S, Hu S et al. · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Bat genomes illuminate adaptations to viral tolerance and disease resistance.

This comparative genomics study analyzed bat genomes from the Bat1K project (10 bat species) alongside 115 mammalian genomes to identify genetic adaptations underlying viral tolerance and disease resistance. The key finding was that signatures of selection in immune genes were more prevalent in bats than in other mammalian orders, indicating an evolutionary enrichment of immune adaptations. This work is significant because it provides genomic leads for understanding how bats limit immunopathology during viral infection and may inform strategies for improving viral tolerance in humans.

Morales AE, Dong Y, Brown T et al. · Nature · (2025) · View on PubMed ↗

Association between second-hand smoke exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and lung cancer risk specifically in never-smokers using epidemiologic studies. The key finding was that SHS exposure is associated with increased lung cancer risk among never-smokers (with pooled estimates reported in the full analysis). Clinically, this supports stronger public health measures to reduce SHS exposure to prevent lung cancer in people who never smoke.

Possenti I, Romelli M, Carreras G et al. · European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Optimizing radiation safety in dentistry: Clinical recommendations and regulatory considerations.

This 2024 review studied radiation safety in dentistry by summarizing clinical recommendations and regulatory guidance for dental radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for patients and occupational exposure reduction. The key finding was that an expert panel consolidated evidence-based practices emphasizing appropriate imaging selection and dose-reduction strategies to minimize radiation exposure. The clinical significance is improved patient and provider safety through standardized imaging protocols and regulatory-aligned radiation protection.

Benavides E, Krecioch JR, Connolly RT et al. · Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

Exposure to metal mixtures and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: A systematic review.

This systematic review synthesized evidence on prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and their associations with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes (eg, low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age) across human studies. The review concluded that the literature is heterogeneous and that associations are not consistently characterized when real-world metal mixtures are considered rather than single metals, highlighting key research gaps for future studies and policy. Scientifically, it underscores the need for mixture-focused exposure assessment and standardized outcome reporting to better inform maternal-fetal risk evaluation.

Issah I, Duah MS, Arko-Mensah J et al. · The Science of the total environment · (2024) · View on PubMed ↗

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Generated automatically on May 09, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.