PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 14, 2026
A curated digest of 60 trending PubMed articles, automatically categorised and summarised across 15 research areas.
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PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 14, 2026
Automated digest · 60 articles · 15 research areas · May 14, 2026
Overview
Across this week’s set of studies, a dominant thread is “risk prediction and prevention” across the life course—ranging from adolescent wellbeing trajectories to late-life functional decline. School-based work shows that health-related quality of life changes across early-to-mid adolescence rather than staying stable, supporting age- and gender-sensitive monitoring. In older adults, multiple papers converge on modifiable or measurable signals of future risk: reading frequency and sitting–rising performance track cognitive decline and premature mortality, while international and consensus efforts aim to standardize how pre-frailty and frailty are defined and prevented. Together, these studies push toward earlier identification of people likely to deteriorate and toward interventions that can be delivered before irreversible decline.
A second major theme is metabolic and cardiovascular disease management using both biomarkers and advanced therapeutics. Large cohorts link dietary patterns (nuts; sodium-to-potassium balance) to mortality and stroke risk, while CKM-syndrome work evaluates trajectory-based inflammatory-metabolic indices (CTI) for cardiovascular prediction. On the treatment side, multiple obesity/diabetes trials and analyses (tirzepatide/dulaglutide kidney outcomes; long-term maintenance strategies; oral GLP-1 options) emphasize durability of benefit and subgroup tailoring, reflecting a shift from short-term glycemic control toward long-horizon organ protection.
Finally, the digest highlights rapid progress at the interface of biology, engineering, and clinical translation. Mechanistic cell biology papers (ERAD substrate handoff; lipid control of autophagy; hypoxia–HIF-1α degradation; epithelial barrier peptides) provide concrete molecular levers that could be drug targets. In parallel, biomedical engineering advances—ranging from glucose-selective holographic sensing to low-background optical detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay—show how improved measurement specificity and background rejection can unlock new clinical and fundamental discoveries. Cancer-focused work spans both therapy (e.g., elderly AML induction regimens; lactate-related regulatory targets in HCC) and diagnostics (SERS/exosome workflows; histopathology “foundation models” for molecular alterations), underscoring a broader trend: better detection and better targeting are increasingly inseparable.
Adolescent & School Health (HRQoL, sleep, lifestyle)
Adolescents’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes over time: a three year longitudinal study.
This three-year longitudinal study followed Australian secondary school adolescents (n=403, ages 12–15 at baseline) from six New South Wales high schools, repeatedly measuring health-related quality of life using the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire at three time points. HRQoL trajectories differed by gender and age, indicating that adolescents’ perceived wellbeing changes over time rather than remaining stable across early-to-mid adolescence. These findings support using age- and gender-sensitive HRQoL monitoring in schools to identify groups at risk for declining wellbeing during adolescence.
Meade T, Dowswell E · Health and quality of life outcomes · (2016) · 141 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Gender and Time for Sleep among U.S. Adults.
This study analyzed gender differences in time for sleep among U.S. adults, testing explanations related to paid/unpaid labor, family responsibilities, and caregiving patterns across life-course stages. The key finding was that the gender gap in sleep time is shaped by social roles and caregiving demands rather than reflecting a uniform biological difference. Scientifically, it reframes “women sleep more” findings by showing how household and work context can drive observed sleep disparities.
Burgard SA, Ailshire JA · American sociological review · (2013) · 236 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Neurodegenerative Disease & Dementia
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Review.
This JAMA review summarized the clinical features, progression, and current diagnostic and therapeutic landscape of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the general population affected by the disease. ALS is characterized by progressive, typically painless weakness from upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, with common initial patterns including limb, bulbar, and axial onset. The review’s synthesis is clinically significant for improving recognition, prognostication, and management of a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
Ravits J, Ferrey D, Gundogdu B et al. · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Reading activity prevents long-term decline in cognitive function in older people: evidence from a 14-year longitudinal study.
This 14-year longitudinal study examined whether daily reading activity protects against cognitive decline in older adults, and whether the association differs by education level. Among 1,962 Taiwanese community-dwelling adults aged ≥64, higher baseline reading frequency was associated with a lower risk of long-term cognitive decline across 6-, 10-, and 14-year follow-up assessments using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. The results suggest a potentially modifiable lifestyle factor that could help reduce dementia risk trajectories in aging populations.
Chang YH, Wu IC, Hsiung CA · International psychogeriatrics · (2021) · 65 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
The natural history of dementia.
This narrative review summarized evidence on the natural history of dementia, focusing on Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, including survival after diagnosis and factors affecting observed course. Across studies, life expectancy for people with dementia is shorter than for non-demented older adults, with reported survival after diagnosis ranging from about 3 to 12 years depending on diagnostic criteria and study settings. Clinically, this helps clinicians and policymakers plan prognosis, care needs, and resource allocation for an increasing dementia burden.
Kua EH, Ho E, Tan HH et al. · Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · (2014) · 132 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Cancer Therapeutics & Clinical Trials
Landscape screening identifies the lactate-modifying enzyme AARS2 as a master regulator and therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.
This Gut study investigated lactate metabolism and protein lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using integrated multi-omics to identify regulatory drivers and therapeutic opportunities. The key finding was that AARS2 (as part of an AARS2–AP-2γ axis) functions as a master regulator of the lactate-modifying pathway, supported by mechanistic experiments and virtual screening. The significance is that AARS2 emerges as a potential therapeutic target in HCC, linking metabolic lactate biology to actionable regulatory control of tumor progression.
Li Q, Zhou S, Zhang L et al. · Gut · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Survival and Recurrence With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Breast Cancer.
This retrospective cohort study used TriNetX US data to assess whether GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) use is associated with 10-year all-cause mortality and recurrence-free survival in women with breast cancer and comorbid obesity or type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 RA exposure was evaluated for associations with long-term survival and recurrence outcomes over 5- and 10-year follow-up. The findings are clinically significant because they address whether GLP-1 RA treatment of metabolic comorbidities may influence breast cancer prognosis.
Tatum KL, Dahman B, Stevenson A et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Viral glycoprotein-mimicking peptide-functionalized micelles promote drug delivery to diseased chondrocytes for osteoarthritis alleviation.
This Nature Nanotechnology study engineered viral glycoprotein-mimicking peptide (CMP)-functionalized micelles to deliver the model drug IOX4 to diseased chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA). The CMP included a type II collagen-adhesive motif and a matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13)-activated cell-penetrating peptide sequence, enabling cartilage/chondrocyte adhesion via collagen binding and selective, proteinase-triggered uptake. The approach is significant as a disease-targeted drug delivery strategy aimed at improving delivery efficiency for potential disease-modifying OA therapies.
Chen X, Zhou D, Wang J et al. · Nature nanotechnology · (2026) · 4 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Efficacy and safety of decitabine in combination with G-CSF, low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin in newly diagnosed elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
This prospective phase II open-label trial evaluated decitabine combined with G-CSF priming, low-dose cytarabine, and aclarubicin (the D-CAG regimen) in newly diagnosed elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). After one cycle, the overall response rate was 82.4% with complete remission in 64.7%, and responses were similar in patients <70 years versus ≥70 years. The results suggest D-CAG is an effective and tolerable induction strategy for elderly AML patients, including the oldest subgroup, warranting further study for survival benefit.
Li J, Chen Y, Zhu Y et al. · Oncotarget · (2015) · 61 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Cancer Diagnostics & Biomarkers (incl. exosomes/SERS)
Molecular alterations prediction in gliomas via an interpretable deep learning model: a multicentre and retrospective study.
This multicentre retrospective study developed and validated GMAP, an interpretable foundation-model deep learning approach to predict glioma molecular alterations directly from routine whole-slide histopathology images without manual annotation. The key finding is that GMAP can identify key molecular events in gliomas using 1,696 whole-slide images from 877 patients, aiming to reduce reliance on costly genomic testing. Scientifically and clinically, it supports scalable, lower-resource molecular profiling workflows that could improve diagnosis and treatment selection where genomic assays are inaccessible.
Han C, Li D, Zhao B et al. · The Lancet. Digital health · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗
Cancer diagnosis using label-free SERS-based exosome analysis.
This review evaluated label-free cancer diagnosis approaches using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applied to exosomes, focusing on workflows for exosome isolation/characterization, SERS substrate development, and Raman “fingerprint” analysis enhanced by machine learning. The key finding is that SERS can detect exosome-derived molecular signatures with high sensitivity while avoiding fluorescent labeling, but clinical translation is limited by challenges such as exosome concentration, isolation standardization, and reproducibility of SERS substrates. Scientifically, it consolidates current techniques and highlights engineering and analytical bottlenecks that must be solved for robust exosome-based SERS diagnostics.
Liu Y, Li M, Liu H et al. · Theranostics · (2024) · 78 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Exosome detection via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis.
This article reviewed and synthesized evidence on exosome detection for cancer diagnosis using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), addressing limitations of conventional exosome profiling and the need for efficient enrichment of tumor-derived exosomes. The key finding is that SERS-based “label-free” Raman fingerprinting can improve sensitivity and enable detection of cancer-associated exosome subpopulations, but practical barriers remain including sample volume requirements and complexity of exosome isolation. Scientifically, it frames how SERS platforms could enable earlier cancer detection if standardization and throughput challenges are resolved.
Li J, Li Y, Li P et al. · Acta biomaterialia · (2022) · 137 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Cardiovascular Risk, Stroke & Vascular Outcomes
Association of cumulative exposure and dynamic trajectories of the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose and its modified indices with cardiovascular disease in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: a longitudinal analysis based on CHARLS.
This longitudinal CHARLS-based analysis studied whether cumulative exposure and dynamic trajectories of the C-reactive protein–triglyceride–glucose (CTI) index and modified CTI indices predict incident cardiovascular disease across Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 0–3. The key finding was that CTI and its modified indices had incremental predictive value for cardiovascular disease risk after adjustment for demographic and clinical confounders, supported by Cox models and time-dependent nearest-neighbor estimation AUC, with mechanistic exploration using WQS regression and causal mediation. Clinically, it suggests that tracking CTI trajectory (and obesity-modified versions) could improve cardiovascular risk stratification in CKM populations.
Yin X, Yang J, Li R et al. · Cardiovascular diabetology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Ticagrelor with aspirin dual antiplatelet therapy combined with intravenous thrombolysis in patients with ischaemic stroke in China (TAPIS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
This multicentre, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (TAPIS) studied whether early oral dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin plus ticagrelor, started within 6 hours of onset, improves outcomes when added to intravenous thrombolysis in Chinese patients with acute ischaemic stroke. The key finding (as tested by the trial) is the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor–aspirin DAPT versus placebo alongside thrombolysis in patients with NIH Stroke Scale score 4–10. Clinically, it addresses whether combining antiplatelet therapy early with thrombolysis reduces recurrent ischemic events without unacceptable bleeding risk in a real-world stroke population.
Wang A, Xia X, Tang Y et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The NHLBI HCM Registry.
Using the NHLBI Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Registry, this study evaluated predictors of long-term adverse outcomes by integrating prospectively collected clinical history, imaging (including cardiac magnetic resonance), genetic data, and biomarkers in 2750 HCM patients from 44 North American and European sites. The combined model improved risk prediction beyond existing guidelines that primarily target sudden cardiac death, aiming to better stratify patients for events and reduce avoidable implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use. This is scientifically and clinically important because more accurate, multimodal risk prediction could refine prevention strategies in HCM.
Kramer CM, Kolm P, DiMarco JP et al. · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Endovascular thrombectomy for patients with large-core ischaemic stroke presenting up to 24 h after onset (ATLAS): a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis with central imaging adjudication.
This Lancet systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis (with central imaging adjudication) evaluated endovascular thrombectomy versus medical management for large-core ischemic stroke patients presenting up to 24 hours after onset, including those with ASPECTS ≤5. The analysis synthesized randomized trial evidence to estimate overall treatment benefit and to examine effects within clinical and imaging subgroups. The findings are clinically important because they address whether thrombectomy can benefit patients previously excluded due to extensive ischemic change.
Sarraj A, Thomalla G, Yoshimura S et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Sitting-rising test scores predict natural and cardiovascular causes of deaths in middle-aged and older men and women.
This prospective cohort study examined whether sitting-rising test (SRT) scores predict premature natural and cardiovascular (CV) deaths in middle-aged and older adults (n=4282, ages 46–75) who performed a standardized floor sit-and-rise assessment. The key finding (not fully shown in the truncated abstract) is that SRT performance stratified into score groups is associated with subsequent cause-specific mortality risk. Scientifically and clinically, SRT could serve as a simple functional biomarker for identifying individuals at higher risk of CV and natural death.
Araújo CGS, de Souza E Silva CG, Myers J et al. · European journal of preventive cardiology · (2025) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Consumption of Sodium and Its Ratio to Potassium in Relation to All-Cause, Cause-Specific, and Premature Noncommunicable Disease Mortality in Middle-Aged Japanese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.
This prospective cohort study followed middle-aged Japanese adults to examine whether dietary sodium intake and the sodium-to-potassium ratio were associated with all-cause and cause-specific premature noncommunicable disease (NCD) mortality. Higher sodium intake and/or a higher sodium-to-potassium ratio were linked to increased risk of premature NCD death, with the ratio showing closer relevance to cardiovascular-related outcomes than sodium alone. These findings support dietary sodium reduction and potassium adequacy as potential strategies to lower premature NCD mortality in Japanese populations.
Takachi R, Yamagishi M, Goto A et al. · The Journal of nutrition · (2025) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Spot Urine Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio Is a Predictor of Stroke.
This prospective cohort study assessed whether the spot urine sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio predicts stroke risk in participants from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Using spot urine measurements as a dietary biomarker, the study examined associations between Na/K ratio and incident stroke during follow-up in 6,814 multi-ethnic adults free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. The clinical significance is that a simple urine-based ratio could help stratify stroke risk and inform dietary sodium reduction and potassium intake strategies.
Averill MM, Young RL, Wood AC et al. · Stroke · (2019) · 35 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Association of nut consumption with total and cause-specific mortality.
This prospective cohort analysis examined whether nut consumption is associated with subsequent total and cause-specific mortality in 76,464 women (Nurses’ Health Study) and 42,498 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study), excluding participants with prior cancer, heart disease, or stroke. Across 3,038,853 person-years, higher nut intake was associated with lower risk of mortality overall and for specific causes (as reported in the study’s results). The findings support nut consumption as a potentially modifiable dietary factor linked to reduced mortality risk in large, long-term cohorts.
Bao Y, Han J, Hu FB et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2013) · 356 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Metabolic Health, Obesity & Diabetes Therapies
Obesity rise plateaus in developed nations and accelerates in developing nations.
This study analyzed worldwide obesity dynamics from 1980–2024 using 4,050 population-based studies with measured height/weight data from 232 million participants across developed and developing nations. Obesity increases decelerated and then plateaued in many high-income countries (e.g., girls in Japan/Denmark/France ~3–4% and boys in the USA up to ~23%), with some indications of small declines in certain child/adolescent groups. These findings suggest that prevention strategies must be tailored by age and country development stage as obesity growth shifts from high-income plateaus to accelerating trends in lower- and middle-income settings.
Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Orforglipron for maintenance of body weight reduction: the double-blind, randomized phase 3b ATTAIN-MAINTAIN trial.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3b ATTAIN-MAINTAIN trial studied orforglipron, a once-daily oral nonpeptide GLP-1 receptor agonist, for maintaining weight loss in adults with obesity who previously received tirzepatide (cohort 1, N=205) or semaglutide (cohort 2, N=171) during SURMOUNT-5. Participants were randomized to continue orforglipron or switch to placebo after achieving weight loss on prior therapy, with the trial designed to test durability of body-weight reduction. The results are significant because they evaluate an oral GLP-1 option for long-term maintenance after dual- or single-incretin treatment, addressing adherence challenges of ongoing injectable therapy.
Aronne LJ, Horn DB, le Roux CW et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome: a multistep global consensus process.
This Lancet consensus process studied the rationale and evidence base for renaming polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS/PMOS), engaging 56 academic, clinical, and patient organizations and surveying 14,360 people with the condition. The key finding was that the PCOS label is considered inaccurate and harmful—implying ovarian cysts and obscuring diverse endocrine/metabolic features—prompting a structured global consensus to adopt PMOS. Clinically and scientifically, the new terminology aims to improve diagnosis, reduce stigma, and better align research and health policy with the syndrome’s polyendocrine and metabolic nature.
Teede HJ, Khomami MB, Morman R et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Tirzepatide for maintenance of bodyweight reduction in people with obesity in the USA (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
This multicentre, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled phase 3b trial (SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN) studied tirzepatide maintenance in adults with obesity in the USA, comparing continued tirzepatide at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) versus dose reduction to 5 mg versus switching to placebo after an initial open-label weight-loss period. The trial design tested whether ongoing tirzepatide (or lowering the dose) preserves the body-weight reduction achieved with tirzepatide MTD over a 52-week double-blind maintenance phase. The significance is that it provides evidence for long-term anti-obesity pharmacotherapy strategies—dose continuation versus de-escalation—after initial weight loss.
Horn DB, Aronne LJ, Wharton S et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
A comparison of the effects of tirzepatide and dulaglutide on major kidney events in people with type 2 diabetes: pre-specified exploratory analyses of the SURPASS-CVOT trial.
In the SURPASS-CVOT randomized, double-blind trial, investigators compared the effects of tirzepatide versus dulaglutide on major kidney events in people with type 2 diabetes, including subgroups defined by chronic kidney disease risk. Tirzepatide showed kidney-outcome effects that were assessed across overall, low-to-moderate-risk CKD, and high-risk CKD populations in a pre-specified exploratory analysis. The results inform selection of glucose-lowering therapy to reduce kidney complications in T2D patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and varying CKD risk.
Zoungas S, D’Alessio D, Pavo I et al. · The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Reproductive Health & Hormonal Disorders (incl. PCOS, menopause, endometriosis)
Endometriosis and the Hallmarks of Cancer.
This review article examined endometriosis as an invasive, non-cancerous condition and mapped its biology onto the eight established hallmarks of cancer. It highlights mechanisms such as estrogen-driven hyperproliferation, progesterone resistance, immune evasion (including reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity), increased telomere length, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. The significance is that framing endometriosis through cancer hallmarks may guide mechanistic research and identify therapeutic targets shared across these pathways.
Ellis K, Wood R · Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Polycystic ovary syndrome perspectives from patients and health professionals on clinical features, current name, and renaming: a longitudinal international online survey.
This longitudinal international online survey and workshops studied patient and health-professional perspectives on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) clinical features, the current name, and potential renaming across six continents (2015–2023). The key finding (partially truncated) is that stakeholder input was collected from 7708 respondents in 2015 and after publication of an international gu[uideline/initiative] to assess perceived advantages and disadvantages of changing the PCOS name. The significance is that it informs whether renaming could better reflect the condition’s systemic features beyond ovarian aspects and improve patient-centered communication.
Teede HJ, Moran LJ, Morman R et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2025) · 12 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Sleep quality and aerobic training among menopausal women—a randomized controlled trial.
In a randomized controlled trial, sedentary menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms (N=176; ages 43–63) were assigned to a six-month unsupervised aerobic training program (50 minutes, 4 times/week) or a control condition. Aerobic training improved sleep quality and reduced night-time hot flushes compared with control. This supports exercise as a non-pharmacologic intervention to alleviate sleep disturbance and vasomotor symptoms in symptomatic menopausal women.
Mansikkamäki K, Raitanen J, Nygård CH et al. · Maturitas · (2012) · 62 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Infectious Disease, Travel & Public Health Preparedness
When Rare Zoonoses Travel: Andes virus, Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome, and the Preparedness Gap.
This perspective article discussed the preparedness and clinical challenges posed by rare zoonotic infections during international travel, focusing on Andes virus (ANDV) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. It highlighted a multi-country cluster linked to an expedition cruise ship and emphasized diagnostic, epidemiological, and healthcare-system gaps in mobile, closed, and resource-constrained settings. The discussion is significant for public health planning because it underscores how travel can amplify transmission risk and strain outbreak response for rare pathogens.
Velavan TP, Schmidt-Chanasit J · International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Urban-rural disparities in acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination among women in Can Tho, Vietnam.
This cross-sectional study surveyed 648 women aged 15–49 years in Can Tho, Vietnam (urban and rural districts) to assess acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination with or without fees. Vaccination uptake was low overall (4%), and urban women had higher acceptance/vaccination rates than rural women (4.9% vs 3.1%), with rural residence associated with lower uptake among unvaccinated women. These findings identify geographic inequities that can be targeted by public health programs to improve HPV vaccine coverage and reduce cervical cancer risk.
Tran NT, Phan TNT, Pham TT et al. · Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita · (2023) · 8 citations · View on PubMed ↗
American Cohort to Study HIV Acquisition Among Transgender Women in High-Risk Areas (The LITE Study): Protocol for a Multisite Prospective Cohort Study in the Eastern and Southern United States.
This protocol study (LITE Study) was designed to investigate the rate and correlates of HIV acquisition and other health outcomes among transgender women in high-risk areas in the eastern and southern United States. It will follow adult transgender women (regardless of HIV status) in a multisite prospective cohort across 24 months using technology-enhanced biobehavioral follow-up. The scientific significance is that it will generate community-feasible, longitudinal evidence to identify drivers of HIV acquisition and inform targeted prevention strategies.
Wirtz AL, Poteat T, Radix A et al. · JMIR research protocols · (2019) · 51 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Mental Health & Neuromodulation (TMS, depression)
Treatment of Early-Onset Specified and Unspecified Bipolar Disorders: A Systematic Review and Strategies for Identifying and Managing a Thermally Dysregulated Subtype in Children.
This systematic review evaluated treatment approaches for early-onset specified and unspecified bipolar disorders in children, with emphasis on a thermally dysregulated subtype characterized by fear of harm (FOH) now termed temperature and sleep dysregulation disorder (TSDD). The key finding is that the review synthesizes literature-based recommendations specifically for S-USBD/TSDD presentations, where evidence and diagnostic clarity are more limited than for classic pediatric bipolar I/II. Clinically, it supports more tailored management strategies for a high-need pediatric subgroup with atypical bipolar presentations.
Papolos DF, Teicher MH, Post RM · Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · (2025) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Clinical outcomes in a large registry of patients with major depressive disorder treated with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.
This registry study evaluated real-world clinical outcomes in adults with major depressive disorder treated with the NeuroStar® Advanced Therapy System for TMS using patient-rated PHQ-9 and clinician-rated CGI-S measures. In 5,010 intent-to-treat participants across 103 practice sites, the study characterized symptom change and identified patient- and treatment-related predictors of outcome in routine practice. These findings help translate randomized TMS efficacy into clinical decision-making by clarifying which patients benefit most in everyday settings.
Sackeim HA, Aaronson ST, Carpenter LL et al. · Journal of affective disorders · (2020) · 184 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Aging, Frailty & Functional Decline
Life-course trajectories and modifiable risk factors for incident walking limitation and mortality in 25 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study.
This PURE prospective cohort analysis studied life-course trajectories and modifiable risk factors for incident walking limitation and mortality in community-dwelling adults across 25 countries spanning high-, middle-, and low-income settings. New-onset walking limitation showed distinct trajectories by region and was associated with modifiable risk factors, with estimates of population-attributable fractions to quantify preventable burden. These findings support region-specific prevention strategies to reduce disability and improve healthy aging worldwide.
Joundi RA, Rangarajan S, Bangdiwala S et al. · The lancet. Healthy longevity · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗
Multimodal clocks of human aging.
This Cell study developed multimodal clocks of human aging using the mCAS cohort of 2019 Chinese individuals aged 18–91 years, integrating clinical, physiological, and molecular (including plasma protein) data. The authors constructed a core capacity clock (CC-clock), a multimodal clock (MM-clock) with broad parameter coverage, and organ-associated aging clocks, showing improved predictive precision and cross-layer insights. This work is scientifically significant because it advances quantitative, biologically grounded measures of aging heterogeneity and “biological age” estimation.
Li J, Jiang B, Zhang W et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Systematic review of interventions for pre-frail and frail older adults: Evidence from clinical trials on frailty levels.
This systematic review synthesized randomized controlled trial evidence on interventions for pre-frail and frail older adults, analyzing outcomes by frailty level (robust, pre-frail, frail) using Joanna Briggs Institute methods and PRISMA guidelines. The key finding (not fully visible in the truncated abstract) is that the review evaluates which interventions are effective across frailty strata based on trials published 2018–2023 in adults aged ≥65. Clinically, it aims to guide selection of evidence-based strategies to prevent progression and improve outcomes in older adults with varying degrees of frailty.
Sobrinho ACDS, de Paula Venancio RC, da Silva Rodrigues G et al. · Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · (2025) · 10 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Interventions to prevent the onset of frailty in adults aged 60 and older (PRAE-Frail): a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
This systematic review and additive component network meta-analysis synthesized randomized controlled trials in adults aged ≥60 years who were robust or pre-frail to compare intervention types aimed at preventing incident frailty. Across included trials, specific intervention categories showed relative reductions in frailty incidence compared with control, with effect sizes summarized as relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals. The results help prioritize evidence-based strategies for frailty prevention in older adults and guide future trial design.
Eidam A, Durga J, Bauer JM et al. · European geriatric medicine · (2024) · 27 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Effect of High-Power Laser Therapy Versus Shock Wave Therapy on Pain and Function in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
This modified two-round electronic Delphi consensus study aimed to develop international agreement on how to define, assess, and manage pre-frailty in older adults. The consensus produced standardized recommendations on the construct of pre-frailty and approaches for diagnosis and prevention/management. This is significant because it can harmonize clinical practice and research endpoints for early identification of frailty risk.
Mostafa MSEM, Hamada HA, Kadry AM et al. · Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery · (2022) · 23 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Immunology, Allergy & Antimicrobial Stewardship
Think PEN-FAST: Evaluation of implementing PEN-FAST into pharmacist-led medication reconciliation.
This implementation evaluation studied how to operationalize PEN-FAST, a validated tool for risk stratifying penicillin allergy, within pharmacist-led medication reconciliation for adult patients in the US. The study assessed the prevalence of low-risk penicillin allergy labels that could be eligible for delabeling without resource-intensive skin testing. The results are clinically significant because scaling PEN-FAST could reduce unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic use and improve antimicrobial stewardship outcomes.
Linville S, Metzger A, Etemady-Deylamy A et al. · American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Bacterial and Viral Biomarker Point-of-Care Test in the Outpatient Setting.
This diagnostic study enrolled symptomatic adults and children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and asymptomatic controls to test whether the FebriDx point-of-care immunoassay can distinguish bacterial versus viral etiologies by measuring finger-stick blood myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) and C-reactive protein (CRP). FebriDx demonstrated diagnostic accuracy for separating bacterial- from viral-associated host immune responses in the outpatient setting. Clinically, this supports rapid antimicrobial stewardship by helping clinicians avoid unnecessary antibiotics when viral infection is more likely.
Shapiro NI, Filbin MR, Hou PC et al. · JAMA network open · (2022) · 39 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation.
This meta-analysis studied the psychological efficacy of messages that counter misinformation, focusing on how debunking and related factors affect belief persistence. Across 52 studies (N=6,878), it found large effects for presenting misinformation, moderate effects for debunking, and substantial persistence of misinformation even after debunking, with weaker debunking when audiences generated reasons supporting the original misinformation. The significance is practical for public policy and science communication, indicating that debunking alone may be insufficient and that message design should account for audience reasoning processes.
Chan MS, Jones CR, Hall Jamieson K et al. · Psychological science · (2017) · 889 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Screening for alcohol problems in the military: recommended tests.
This article recommended screening approaches for alcohol problems in military settings, focusing on two tests: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). AUDIT is a brief, well-validated self-report tool (~2 minutes), while CDT provides a biochemical index of recent heavy alcohol consumption. Clinically and operationally, using both tests could improve identification of individuals needing treatment and help track progress during care.
Allen JP, Cross GM, Fertig JB et al. · Military medicine · (1998) · 10 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Musculoskeletal Disorders & Rehabilitation (OA, scoliosis, De Quervain’s)
Functional outcomes after open versus endoscopic-assisted De Quervain’s release.
This clinical study compared functional outcomes after open versus single-portal endoscopic-assisted De Quervain’s release in 44 patients with De Quervain’s disease persisting longer than 6 months. Patients undergoing endoscopic release versus open release were followed for a mean of 41 months and assessed using pain and upper-extremity function measures (e.g., VAS and DASH). The results are important for surgical decision-making by clarifying whether endoscopic-assisted release offers functional or complication advantages over open surgery.
Özdeş HU, Ergen E, Özdemir E et al. · The Journal of hand surgery, European volume · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Postoperative adding-on phenomenon in Lenke 1A/B and 2A/B adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: risk factors and predictive index.
This retrospective study analyzed 119 adolescents with Lenke 1A/B and 2A/B adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) to identify risk factors for the distal adding-on phenomenon and to build a predictive index using preoperative and first erect radiographs plus last-follow-up radiographic measurements. Distinct baseline radiographic parameters and clinical factors were associated with developing distal adding-on, and the authors derived a multivariable logistic regression–based prediction model to estimate risk. Clinically, the model could help surgeons stratify AIS patients preoperatively for closer monitoring or tailored surgical planning to reduce distal curve progression.
Zhang H, Li T, Zhang G et al. · European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · (2024) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Early identification of frailty: Developing an international delphi consensus on pre-frailty.
This randomized controlled trial compared extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) versus high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) in 40 outpatient knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients with stage II disease (Kellgren–Lawrence) and significant activity-related pain. Both modalities improved pain and function, with the study evaluating which therapy produced greater benefit over the follow-up period. The clinical significance is that it informs selection of nonpharmacologic physical therapy options for KOA patients based on comparative effectiveness.
Sezgin D, O’Donovan M, Woo J et al. · Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · (2022) · 68 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Surgery, Procedures & Perioperative Care (airway, consensus, anesthesia AI)
Successes and failures of ED trauma intubations.
This Canadian registry review studied factors associated with first-pass success and adverse events during emergency department (ED) trauma intubations in trauma patients requiring airway management at two Level 1 trauma centers in British Columbia (Jan 2017–Mar 2022). The key results (not fully visible in the truncated abstract) identify determinants of first-pass success and adverse event rates in this real-world trauma intubation setting. Clinically, the work aims to improve trauma airway protocols by pinpointing modifiable factors linked to safer, more reliable intubation performance.
Clerc P, Athaide V, Taylor J et al. · CJEM · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Structured Narrative Review.
This structured narrative review assessed published artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) studies in pediatric anesthesia, focusing on applications for airway management, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative care. Across 11 included studies, ML models generally showed improved predictive performance over traditional clinical approaches, particularly for endotracheal tube sizing/placement, hypoxemia prediction, and pain assessment. Scientifically and clinically, the review supports targeted development and validation of pediatric anesthesia prediction models to enhance perioperative decision-making and patient safety.
Shah A, Fakhoury P, Butler E et al. · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Perspectives of general practitioners and nursing staff on acute hospital transfers of nursing home residents in Germany: results of two cross-sectional studies.
Two cross-sectional surveys compared perceptions of general practitioners and nursing home staff regarding acute hospital transfers of nursing home residents in Germany. The study found differences between GP and nursing staff views on the appropriateness and drivers of transfers, and it highlighted actionable improvement measures to reduce unnecessary emergency department visits and admissions. This is clinically important because inappropriate transfers are linked to complications and better alignment of perspectives could improve resident safety and care pathways.
Fassmer AM, Pulst A, Spreckelsen O et al. · BMC family practice · (2020) · 18 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Biomedical Engineering & Sensors (imaging/optical/physics detectors)
Fluorescent bicolour sensor for low-background neutrinoless double β decay experiments.
The research studied a fluorescent bicolour sensor designed for low-background neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay experiments, aiming to improve event identification and energy resolution. The key advance was the development of a low-background optical sensing approach using two fluorescence colors to better discriminate potential 0νββ signals from radioactive backgrounds. This is scientifically significant because robust detection of 0νββ requires background rejection and precise energy measurement to establish whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles.
Rivilla I, Aparicio B, Bueno JM et al. · Nature · (2020) · 44 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Designed boronate ligands for glucose-selective holographic sensors.
This chemistry study synthesized 2-acrylamidophenylboronate (2-APB) and characterized its glucose binding in solution and when incorporated into a holographic sensor. Using multinuclear NMR, the authors showed 2-APB exists predominantly as a zwitterionic tetrahedral form at physiological pH and preferentially binds glucose over lactate, enabling glucose-selective sensing. The work provides a molecular design strategy for improving selectivity in glucose holographic sensors under physiologically relevant conditions.
Yang X, Lee MC, Sartain F et al. · Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · (2006) · 117 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Cell & Molecular Biology Mechanisms (ERAD, autophagy, barriers, interstitium)
Hypoxia-induced autophagic degradation of HIF-1α attenuates cellular aging and extends mammalian lifespan.
This work investigated how hypoxia affects aging in intervertebral disc (IVD) nucleus pulposus cells, focusing on HIF-1α degradation via optineurin-mediated selective autophagy and testing a small-molecule HIF-1α-targeting autophagy-tethering compound (HATC). The authors found that hypoxia-induced autophagic degradation of HIF-1α uncouples hypoxia from HIF-1α accumulation, limits cellular stress, attenuates cellular aging, and extends mammalian lifespan, with HATC pharmacologically reproducing the protective effect. Scientifically, it identifies an optineurin–HIF-1α autophagy axis as a mechanistic anti-aging lever and, clinically, supports targeting HIF-1α degradation pathways to slow tissue degeneration.
Yang C, Xu Z, He ST et al. · Nature aging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗
RegVelo: Gene-regulatory-informed dynamics of single cells.
This study developed RegVelo, a gene-regulatory-informed deep learning framework that models splicing kinetics together with gene regulatory interactions to infer cellular dynamics from single-cell data. The key finding is that RegVelo improves predictive power for terminal states, gene interactions, and perturbation simulations compared with RNA-velocity approaches that do not explicitly incorporate gene regulatory networks. Scientifically, it provides a more mechanistic way to connect gene regulatory circuitry to fate transitions, enabling interpretable single-cell trajectory analysis across diverse systems (including zebrafish neural contexts).
Wang W, Hu Z, Weiler P et al. · Cell · (2026) · 10 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Golgi-derived phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate is crucial for organization of the preautophagosomal structure.
The study investigated how Golgi-derived phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) regulates preautophagosomal structure (PAS) organization during macroautophagy in yeast using temperature-sensitive pik1 mutant cells. PAS localization of key autophagy proteins (Atg9, Atg17, Atg1, and Atg13) remained normal under Pik1-restricted conditions, indicating that Golgi PtdIns4P is crucial for PAS organization/expansion steps rather than initial PAS targeting. These findings clarify a mechanistic role for the Golgi PtdIns4P pathway (via Pik1) in autophagosome biogenesis, informing how lipid signaling controls autophagy progression.
Lang H, Suzuki K · The Journal of biological chemistry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Evidence of interstitial continuity within and beyond the human pancreas.
This study investigated whether interstitial continuity exists within the human pancreas and extends into adjacent tissues by using histological approaches consistent with prior validation of interstitial fluid flow and hyaluronic acid staining. The key finding (partially truncated) is that the authors evaluated pancreatic tissue blocks from nine patients to test for continuous reticular/interstitial networks beyond the pancreas. The significance is that it supports a broader anatomical/physiological model of a continuous human interstitium that may influence how diseases and therapies distribute through organs.
Theise ND, Kohnehshahri MN, Chiriboga LA et al. · Human pathology · (2025) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Discovery of anti-inflammatory physiological peptides that promote tissue repair by reinforcing epithelial barrier formation.
This mouse-and-human translational study identified tight junction–inducing peptides (JIPs) derived from the C terminus of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and tested their ability to reinforce epithelial barrier formation. The key finding was that JIPs inserted into epithelial cell membranes promoted tight junction formation by directly activating a heterotrimeric G protein, thereby enhancing barrier integrity and promoting tissue repair. Scientifically and clinically, these A1AT-derived peptides represent candidate therapeutics for inflammatory diseases driven by epithelial barrier disruption.
Oda Y, Takahashi C, Harada S et al. · Science advances · (2021) · 15 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Evidence for continuity of interstitial spaces across tissue and organ boundaries in humans.
The study investigated whether the human interstitial space (interstitium) is continuous across tissue and organ boundaries by tracking non-biological particles in humans. Tattoo pigment and colloidal silver were observed moving from colon and skin interstitial spaces into adjacent fascia, supporting anatomical continuity of interstitial channels beyond organ boundaries. This provides experimental evidence that a body-wide interstitial network could influence how fluids and signals distribute throughout the human body, with implications for physiology and drug delivery.
Cenaj O, Allison DHR, Imam R et al. · Communications biology · (2021) · 65 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Is the Newly Described Interstitial Network the Anatomical Basis of Acupuncture Meridians? A Commentary.
This commentary evaluated whether the newly described interstitial network could serve as the anatomical basis for acupuncture meridians. It synthesized existing evidence about the interstitium’s structure and proposed an interpretation linking interstitial pathways to Traditional Chinese Medicine concepts of meridians. The significance is conceptual: it frames a testable anatomical hypothesis that could guide future mechanistic studies of acupuncture.
Tomov N, Atanasova D, Dimitrov N · Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · (2020) · 10 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
Structure and Distribution of an Unrecognized Interstitium in Human Tissues.
This study investigated the structure and distribution of an unrecognized interstitium in human tissues using confocal laser endomicroscopy and tissue processing methods. Confocal laser endomicroscopy after fluorescein injection revealed a reticular, fluid-filled interstitial space in the extrahepatic bile duct that drained to lymph nodes and was supported by thick collagen bundles with fibroblast-like cells expressing endothelial markers. Scientifically, it provides imaging and anatomical evidence for a previously unappreciated human interstitial network that may be relevant to physiology and interstitial fluid transport.
Benias PC, Wells RG, Sackey-Aboagye B et al. · Scientific reports · (2018) · 343 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗
EDEM as an acceptor of terminally misfolded glycoproteins released from calnexin.
This mechanistic cell biology study investigated how EDEM functions in ER-associated degradation (ERAD) by acting as an acceptor for terminally misfolded glycoproteins released from calnexin. EDEM interacted with calnexin via its transmembrane region, and overexpression of EDEM accelerated ERAD by promoting release of terminally misfolded substrates from calnexin. Scientifically, it clarifies a key step in the ERAD pathway and identifies EDEM as a regulator of substrate handoff from calnexin to degradation.
Oda Y, Hosokawa N, Wada I et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2003) · 450 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Brown-Séquard revisited: a lesson from history on the placebo effect of androgen treatment.
This historical experimental study revisited the Brown-Séquard claim by preparing dog testis extracts using Brown-Séquard’s methods and measuring testosterone concentrations. The measured testosterone levels were orders of magnitude lower than amounts required for the purported biological effects. The study’s significance is that it undermines the biological plausibility of androgen “rejuvenation” from testicular extracts and highlights the role of placebo and historical context in perceived treatment effects.
Cussons AJ, Bhagat CI, Fletcher SJ et al. · The Medical journal of Australia · (2002) · 70 citations · View on PubMed ↗
Generated automatically on May 14, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.