PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 17, 2026

Automated digest · 94 articles · 15 research areas · May 17, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s papers, a dominant theme is mechanism-driven immunology: from mapping how PD-1 blockade toxicity is mediated by a specific IL-JAK1–activated cytotoxic T-cell population across organs, to engineering CAR-T platforms and immune-checkpoint–neutrophil strategies that aim to preserve efficacy while improving safety and durability. Several studies also emphasize how immune cell states and trafficking—such as CD8+ T-cell infiltration/function in “cold” tumors, neutrophil-driven contact-dependent T-cell suppression, and CCR7-guided memory B-cell migration—can determine clinical outcomes and provide actionable targets.

A second major thread is high-resolution systems biology for risk prediction and disease stratification. Multiple single-cell/spatial studies (e.g., arterial–venous immune compartmentalization, fibroblast metabolic dysregulation in striae gravidarum, and CD4+ T-cell drivers of fibrosis in MASH) highlight how cellular heterogeneity and communication networks map to pathology. Complementing these, several biomarker and machine-learning efforts use routine labs, proteomics, wearable data, and early-response features to forecast long-term outcomes (e.g., vaccine immunogenicity, atopic dermatitis pruritus response, MASLD risk, and ctDNA/PSA dynamics in metastatic prostate cancer).

Finally, the digest shows strong cross-cutting interest in inflammation and tissue remodeling—spanning wound-healing biology, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion repair programs, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s/ALS/Alzheimer’s models—alongside translational advances in infectious disease and delivery technologies (host-directed HBV escape via NPC1, subtype-agnostic influenza nanobody PROTACs, and LNP formulation constraints for decentralized gene therapy). Together, these studies point toward increasingly personalized, mechanism-informed interventions that target the right cell states, pathways, and timing windows.

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Cancer immunotherapy & CAR-T engineering

Dualsteric Agonist for M2 Muscarinic Receptor Causes Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Alteration in Human Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells.

This preclinical study tested the dualsteric M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist N-8-Iper in human glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs) and glioblastoma models, focusing on oxidative stress and mitochondrial alterations. N-8-Iper induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, consistent with reduced proliferation/survival previously observed for M2 mAChR activation, and acted with higher efficacy at lower concentration than the orthosteric agonist APE. These mechanistic findings support M2 mAChR dualsteric agonism as a potential therapeutic strategy targeting glioblastoma stem-cell vulnerabilities.

Guerriero C, De Nuccio C, Petrone M et al. · Journal of neurochemistry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

CD19/BCMA-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy for Anti-HLA Antibody Sensitisation in Patients With Acute Leukaemia: A Pilot Clinical Study.

This single-arm pilot clinical study evaluated CD19/BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy as a desensitization strategy for anti-HLA antibody sensitization in seven acute leukemia patients prior to transplantation (4 AML, 3 B-ALL; 1 received BCMA CAR-T and 6 received CD19 CAR-T). The study reported feasibility with no neurotoxicity events observed in the available abstract data, aiming to reduce anti-HLA antibody reactivity to enable transplantation. If confirmed in larger cohorts, this CAR-T–based approach could become a targeted immunotherapy option for overcoming HLA antibody barriers in acute leukemia transplantation.

Zheng H, Zhao H, Zhu X et al. · HLA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Transforming perioperative treatment of gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma: triumphs, setbacks and future horizons.

This narrative review synthesized recent clinical trial evidence on perioperative management of gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA), focusing on how chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapies have changed treatment strategies across different epidemiologic settings (notably Asia vs Western countries). The key finding is that both positive and negative high-profile trials have reshaped perioperative roles of systemic therapy and highlighted emerging directions such as organ-preserving approaches that remain investigational. The review’s significance is to guide clinicians and researchers toward evidence-informed perioperative treatment selection and future trial priorities in GEA.

Zhu H, Lordick F, Janjigian YY et al. · Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

CCR7 orchestrates the malignant progression of memory B cells in MYC-overexpressing lymphoma.

This study investigated how CCR7 controls malignant progression of memory B cells in MYC-overexpressing lymphoma, focusing on B-cell homing to lymph nodes and germinal center (GC)–derived origins. It identified activated B cells emerging from adjacent GCs in draining lymph nodes as the source of circulating memory B cells in distant lymph nodes, showing that Ccr7 transcriptional upregulation guides their migration and promotes disease progression. The findings implicate CCR7-driven trafficking as a driver of lymphoma spread and a potential intervention point.

Deng Y, Jia Z, Mu XQ et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Naïve CD4+ T-cells and disease status at CART infusion correlate with clinical outcomes in real-world large B-cell lymphoma patients receiving second-line CAR T therapy.

This retrospective real-world analysis studied whether baseline disease status and immune features of naïve CD4+ T cells at the time of CAR T infusion predict outcomes in 64 patients with second-line large B-cell lymphoma treated with commercial axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) or lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel). Primary refractory disease and progressive disease at infusion were associated with inferior response rates, and naïve CD4+ T-cell characteristics at infusion correlated with clinical outcomes (including progression-free and overall survival). The results support using disease status and naïve CD4+ T-cell metrics as practical immunological predictors to refine patient selection and expectations for second-line CAR T therapy.

Schneider M, Paruzzo L, Stella F et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Structural basis for RNA synthesis and inhibition of the orthobunyavirus polymerase.

The N-PLUS/NOGGO-ov53/ENGOT-ov62 phase II randomized open-label non-inferiority trial studied whether maintenance niraparib after 3 cycles versus 6 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy improves recurrence-free survival while reducing toxicity in completely debulked advanced HRD-positive high-grade ovarian cancer in first-line therapy. The trial design compares recurrence-free survival and overall outcomes between shorter and standard chemotherapy exposure before niraparib maintenance in HRD-positive patients. If successful, this could change first-line treatment sequencing by lowering chemotherapy burden without sacrificing efficacy for HRD-positive disease.

Tang J, Kuang W, Chen W et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Integrative Single-Cell and Bulk Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Cellular Heterogeneity, Immune Microenvironment Dynamics, and Prognostic Signatures in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The study integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk transcriptomics to analyze cellular heterogeneity, immune microenvironment dynamics, and prognostic signatures in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including HPV-positive and HPV-negative and recurrent versus non-recurrent cases. Using computational analyses such as dimensionality reduction, trajectory inference, cell–cell communication modeling, and spatial transcriptomics, it identified distinct cellular states and immune microenvironment features linked to clinical outcomes and survival. These integrative multi-omics signatures could support improved risk stratification and precision therapeutic targeting in OSCC.

Zhang M, Wang H, Zhang D et al. · SLAS technology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Optimal timing of PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy administration to stereotactic radiosurgery in malignant gliomas: a propensity score-matched multi-institutional cohort study.

This multi-institutional retrospective cohort study evaluated whether the timing of PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy relative to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) affects outcomes in adults with malignant gliomas, using propensity score matching from the TriNetX database (2005–2022). Patients receiving PD-1 inhibition 8 weeks before SRS (pre-SRS) were compared with those receiving it after SRS, to determine effects on neurological outcomes and survival. The results aim to optimize sequencing of PD-1 blockade with SRS, which could improve survival and neurologic function in malignant glioma patients.

O’Leary S, Fu AY, Rogers VA et al. · Journal of neurosurgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Overall Survival Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With External Beam Radiation Therapy: Individual Patient Data Outcomes From a Multinational Cohort.

This individual patient data (IPD) analysis pooled outcomes from a multinational cohort to assess overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Using IPD submitted by corresponding authors and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses (including restricted mean survival time), the study quantified OS outcomes for EBRT-treated patients. The results address the evidence gap for EBRT as a first-line modality in HCC and can refine treatment selection and expectations for survival.

Moon AM, Yanagihara TK, Dawson LA et al. · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Reprogramming CAR with cytokine signaling increases the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumour treatment and confers sustained immune memory.

This work engineered CAR-T cells for solid tumors by reconstructing the intracellular CAR signaling domain to incorporate compact IL-2/IL-15 receptor-derived activation motifs, and evaluated efficacy and immune memory in solid-tumor settings. The reprogrammed CAR design increased antigen-dependent coactivation, improved CAR-T therapeutic performance in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and promoted sustained immune memory. Clinically, this cytokine-signaling–augmented CAR-T approach may overcome key barriers to solid-tumor CAR-T efficacy while improving durability of responses.

Sun R, Liu S, Yang X et al. · Cancer immunology research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Immune checkpoint toxicity & immune modulation

Artificial exosomes synergistically reshape sepsis immune homeostasis by modulating neutrophil fate and blocking PD-1/PD-L1.

The study engineered an artificial exosome nano-decoy (AT@NV-PD1) to treat sepsis by targeting neutrophil programmed death and the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint in a preclinical sepsis model. AT@NV-PD1 homes to senescent-like neutrophils and, via a pH-responsive bovine serum albumin core delivering the CDK inhibitor AT7519 and macrophage-membrane PD-1 presentation, synergistically reshapes immune homeostasis by modulating neutrophil fate and blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. This suggests a checkpoint-and-neutrophil-fate dual mechanism that could improve sepsis outcomes beyond conventional immunomodulation.

Zhang P, Gao Y, Wang Y et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Distinct Inflammatory Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Populations Mediate PD-1 Blockade Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events in Multiple Organs.

This study profiled the single-cell immune ecosystem in multiple organs affected by immune-related adverse events (irAEs) during PD-1 blockade, identifying distinct cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations in the context of cancer immunotherapy. It found that IL- JAK1 signaling was specifically activated in a CTL population (CTLirAE-II) that mediated irAEs across multiple organs, and that pharmacologic JAK1 targeting relieved heart and lung irAEs without reducing anti-tumor efficacy. These findings support a mechanism-based strategy to mitigate PD-1 blockade toxicity by selectively targeting IL-JAK1–driven CTLirAE-II cells while preserving therapeutic benefit.

Liu X, Song J, Zuo F et al. · Cancer research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Tumor microenvironment & immune cell function

CD300ld on pathologically activated neutrophils promotes tumor immune suppression by binding phosphatidylserine on CD8+ T cells.

This study investigated how the neutrophil-expressed immune regulator CD300ld suppresses anti-tumor immunity by promoting contact-dependent inhibition of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, focusing on pathologically activated neutrophils (PMN-MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment. The key finding was that CD300ld mediates neutrophil-driven, contact-dependent suppression by binding phosphatidylserine on CD8+ T cells, providing a mechanistic link between PMN-MDSC recruitment/activation and T-cell tolerance. This mechanistic insight identifies CD300ld–phosphatidylserine interactions as a potential therapeutic target to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.

Wang C, Zheng P, Wang A et al. · Nature cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Arid3b suppresses CD8 + T cell infiltration and function in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer via Runx3.

This study investigated the role of Arid3b in microsatellite-stable (MSS)/proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) in regulating CD8+ T cell infiltration and function, using an in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 screen in a CMT93 cell-derived murine tumor model. It found that Arid3b acts as a negative regulator of CD8+ T cell infiltration and antitumor activity, and that Arid3b ablation in CD8+ T cells increases intratumoral accumulation and tumor control by upregulating Runx3 to drive a tissue-resident memory-like phenotype and effector function. These findings identify Arid3b–Runx3 signaling as a potential target to convert “cold” MSS CRC toward more effective CD8+ T cell–mediated immunity.

Wang S, Hou S, Luo C et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Biomarkers, prediction models & risk stratification (ML/omics)

Wearable Movement-Tracking for Prodromal Parkinson’s Disease Detection: A Cross-Country Validation Study.

This cross-country validation study evaluated wearable accelerometer-based movement-tracking models for detecting prodromal Parkinson’s disease in German and British cohorts of individuals with isolated or idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and healthy controls. The previously published models were applied across cohorts to compare hourly acceleration patterns and classification performance, addressing generalizability concerns related to diagnosis timing uncertainty in UK Biobank. The work supports or refines the external validity of digital biomarkers for prodromal PD, which is critical for scalable early detection.

Kahl F, Schalkamp AK, Gunter KM et al. · Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Perceived vs. actual cigarette and waterpipe dependence in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study of social desirability across demographic subgroups.

This cross-sectional study in Lebanon (n=377; Feb–Mar 2025) compared perceived versus actual dependence on cigarettes and waterpipes across demographic subgroups, focusing on social desirability effects in groups such as women and youth. The key finding was that self-reported dependence differed from actual dependence in socially restricted subgroups, indicating that perceived smoking/waterpipe dependence may be biased by social desirability. These results support using more objective or carefully designed measures of tobacco dependence in culturally sensitive settings to avoid misclassification in public health surveillance and interventions.

Karam D, Haddad C, Sacre H et al. · Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Integrative bioinformatics and machine learning reveal an association of LTF and MMP8 with systemic inflammation and lung injury.

This integrative bioinformatics and machine-learning study analyzed systemic inflammation transcriptomic data from GSE32707 (systemic inflammation patients vs controls) to identify regulatory genes linked to systemic inflammation and lung injury. It reported an association implicating LTF and MMP8 with systemic inflammation and lung injury, supported by differential expression/WGCNA, immune-infiltration analyses, and downstream network/docking work. Identifying LTF and MMP8 as candidate regulators could help develop biomarkers or mechanistic targets for ARDS/acute lung injury driven by systemic inflammation.

He J, Wei Y, Wu Y et al. · Respiratory research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Construction of a predictive model for the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with sleep apnea syndrome based on multiple machine learning algorithms: a multicenter study.

This multicenter retrospective study developed and validated machine-learning models to predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk in patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), using 595 SAS patients from Wuxi Fifth People’s Hospital (training) and 372 from Wuxi Second People’s Hospital (external validation). The key finding was that combining demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and comorbidity variables in multiple machine-learning algorithms improved NAFLD risk prediction in SAS patients. Such models could support more accurate clinical screening and earlier intervention for NAFLD among individuals with SAS.

Yang S, Huo M, Li G et al. · BMC medical informatics and decision making · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Performance evaluation of finger-worn devices for sleep stage classification and sleep apnea detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated finger-worn sleep technologies (11 devices across 28 studies) for sleep stage classification and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) detection against polysomnography (PSG). It found that finger-worn devices achieved pooled accuracy around 87% for sleep/wake classification and provided evidence of diagnostic performance for OSA detection, though results varied by device and study design. These findings inform how reliably smart rings and similar wearables can be used for screening and monitoring sleep disorders in real-world settings.

Jin Y, Xu J, Yue H et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of Long-Term Efficacy of Nemolizumab: Post Hoc Analysis of Pooled Data from Two Phase III Clinical Trials.

This post hoc machine-learning analysis used pooled data from two Japanese phase III trials (JP01 and JP02) to identify early clinical features predicting long-term pruritus improvement in atopic dermatitis patients treated with nemolizumab (anti–IL-31 receptor). Early response characteristics were used to stratify patients likely to achieve sustained reductions in pruritus Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. The findings are significant because they could enable earlier, data-driven selection of patients who will benefit from long-term nemolizumab therapy.

Kawashima M, Maeda T, Iwasaki K et al. · Dermatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Development and validation of an explainable machine learning model using routine laboratory biomarkers for identifying prevalent MASLD: Evidence from two observational studies.

The study developed and validated an explainable machine-learning model using routine plasma laboratory biomarkers to identify prevalent metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in participants from NHANES 2017–2020 (training n=2760; internal validation n=1184) with external validation in a Korean cohort. Using 11 classification algorithms and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) for interpretability, the model achieved improved identification performance and provided biomarker-level explanations of predicted MASLD risk. This clinically relevant, interpretable approach supports more transparent risk stratification for MASLD using routinely collected blood tests, potentially improving screening and targeting in real-world settings.

Wu J, Wei W, Yip TC et al. · Clinical and experimental medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Combined ctDNA and serum PSA for dynamic monitoring of metastatic prostate cancer starting first-line treatment: a prospective national cohort study.

In the PARADIGM prospective national cohort study, blood samples from 114 biologically male patients with high-volume metastatic prostate cancer were collected at the start of each of the first six treatment cycles to dynamically monitor circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) alongside serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) during first-line therapy with androgen deprivation therapy plus either docetaxel or an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor. ctDNA was detected in 29% of patients after 6–12 weeks of combination therapy (down from 70% before treatment) and ctDNA positivity at that time was associated with worse 12-month overall survival (73% vs 99% for ctDNA-negative patients). This supports combined ctDNA and PSA monitoring as a prognostic tool for early treatment response in metastatic prostate cancer.

Jayaram A, Rashid M, Reid AHM et al. · Nature cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Analysis of computational tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer from the results of the TIGER challenge.

The TIGER challenge study evaluated computational tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (cTILs) methods by analyzing breast cancer resections and biopsies from 3,708 patients with HER2+ or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) across clinical practice and phase 3 trials. Across multiple centers, the authors performed a multi-centric benchmark of open-source cTILs models to assess reproducibility and inter-method performance, addressing limitations of manual TIL scoring. This provides standardized, benchmarked computational approaches to improve the reliability of TIL-based prognostication in breast cancer.

Rijthoven MV, Aswolinskiy W, Tessier L et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Single-cell & spatial multi-omics in disease

Differential Immune Cell Distribution Between Arterial and Venous Blood in Healthy Rats.

This study compared immune cell distribution and transcriptional states between arterial and venous blood in healthy rats using single-cell RNA sequencing of 119,481 PBMCs plus flow cytometry and protein-level validation. T cells were enriched in arterial blood, while B cells, NK cells, and monocytes were more abundant in venous blood, with subset-level differences such as increased naïve T cells in arterial blood and increased CD8+ effector memory T cells in venous blood. These results are important because they reveal an arterial–venous immune compartmentalization that could affect how immune responses are sampled and interpreted in vivo.

Lai S, Li L, Yang S et al. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Single-Cell transcriptomics unveils metabolic and cellular dysregulation in striae gravidarum.

This British Journal of Dermatology study used integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and single-nucleus RNA sequencing to map cellular heterogeneity and metabolic dysregulation in human striae gravidarum (SG), focusing on fibroblast subpopulations and intercellular communication. The authors identified distinct fibroblast states and molecular programs consistent with disrupted dermal ECM homeostasis and metabolic reprogramming at single-cell resolution. The work is significant because it provides a cellular and metabolic blueprint of SG pathogenesis that could guide targeted therapeutic development.

Cheng Y, Liang C, Cai Z et al. · The British journal of dermatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Goblet cells tune ILC2 activity through a gut-specific response checkpoint.

This study investigated how intestinal group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) become gut-specialized in mice, focusing on goblet-cell–ILC2 communication and the Notch pathway. It identified Delta-like 1 (Dll1) on goblet cells as a trigger of Notch signaling in ILC2s, showing that loss of the Notch mediator RBPJ did not block ILC2 development but altered IL-33 and IL-25 receptor expression (ST2 and IL-17RB) to tune ILC2 activity. Scientifically, it defines a gut-specific response checkpoint that controls ILC2 specialization, informing how tissue cues regulate type 2 inflammation.

Burrows K, Ngai L, Tai SL et al. · Science immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Inflammation, fibrosis & immune-driven organ remodeling

CD4+ T cells promote fibrosis during metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

This Hepatology study examined whether CD4+ T cells drive fibrosis during metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) using integrated single-cell proteomic, transcriptomic, and functional analyses in murine and human MASH. The authors reported a profound shift in the CD4+ T-cell landscape associated with fibrotic progression, linking CD4+ T-cell effector/regulatory states to disease-associated fibrogenic outcomes. These findings are clinically important because they implicate CD4+ T cells as actionable drivers of fibrosis in MASH beyond innate immune mechanisms.

Valenzuela-Pérez L, Kim Lee HS, Bayer RL et al. · Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Rituximab Versus Ocrelizumab in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Finnish Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.

This Finnish population-based matched cohort study compared rituximab (RTX) versus ocrelizumab (OCR) in adult relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated between 2018 and 2024 using the Finnish MS Registry with propensity score matching (1:1). RTX and OCR were evaluated for annualized relapse rate (ARR) and relapse-free survival during follow-up, providing real-world comparative effectiveness and safety signals. The results inform treatment decisions for RRMS where RTX is used off-label and help contextualize expected outcomes relative to the approved anti-CD20 therapy OCR.

Savolainen M, Soilu-Hänninen M, Nurmi H et al. · European journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-world incidence and clinical characteristics of intraocular inflammation following intravitreal faricimab therapy: A safety study.

This single-centre retrospective chart review estimated the real-world incidence of intraocular inflammation (IOI) after intravitreal faricimab injections in 6054 patients (7510 eyes; 31,393 injections) from November 2023 to August 2024. IOI occurred in 42 eyes of 40 patients (48 IOI events), corresponding to incidence rates of 0.66% per patient, 0.56% per eye, and 0.13% per injection, with events typically occurring after a median of 4 injections and a median of 8.5 days. These safety data quantify IOI risk in routine practice and can guide monitoring and patient counseling for faricimab-treated retinal disease.

Schneider M, Turan L, Arif F et al. · Acta ophthalmologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Systematic review and network meta-analysis of biologics and small molecules for scalp psoriasis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis compiled randomized controlled trials up to October 2025 to compare short-term efficacy, safety, and tolerability of biologics and small molecules for scalp psoriasis. The primary endpoint was scalp clearance (as defined by Scalp Physician’s Global Assessment or related scalp clearance metric, per the truncated abstract), enabling indirect comparisons across multiple therapies. By ranking treatment options for this difficult-to-treat phenotype, the NMA supports evidence-based selection of the most effective and tolerable agents for scalp psoriasis.

Lai IC, Lee KC, Huang GL et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Inflammation and wound healing: a comprehensive overview of mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and translational perspectives.

This comprehensive review synthesized mechanisms linking inflammation to each stage of wound healing (hemostasis, inflammatory response, proliferation, and tissue remodeling) and summarized translational therapeutic strategies. It concluded that mild to moderate inflammation promotes reparative processes (e.g., angiogenesis, fibroblast activation, ECM remodeling), whereas chronic/excessive inflammation drives tissue damage, fibrosis, and non-healing wounds. Clarifying inflammation–wound-healing biology can guide development of stage-appropriate anti-inflammatory or pro-resolving therapies to improve healing outcomes.

Zhang Y, Guo D, Song L et al. · Biomarker research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Associations between carotenoids and rheumatoid arthritis risk: evidence from two population-based studies.

Using two population-based cohorts—NHANES (n=40,410 for dietary carotenoids; n=13,440 for serum carotenoids) and UK Biobank (n=179,171; 2,156 incident RA cases over 7.74 years)—this study assessed associations between carotenoids and rheumatoid arthritis risk. The key finding was that carotenoid exposure (dietary intake and/or serum levels) showed measurable associations with RA risk after multivariable adjustment. If confirmed, carotenoids could represent modifiable anti-inflammatory dietary biomarkers or targets for RA risk stratification and prevention.

Jing X, Lv M, Chen Y et al. · Nutrition journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux restrains oxidative stress and neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury.

This mechanistic study investigated how ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux regulates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI), focusing on lesion-associated phagocytes. Using single-nucleus and immune-enriched transcriptomic analyses, it found coordinated upregulation of cholesterol transport and inflammatory pathways in lipid-laden microglia/macrophages, and identified ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux as a restraining mechanism on oxidative stress/neuroinflammation. Targeting ABCA1-dependent lipid efflux pathways may represent a therapeutic strategy to limit secondary damage and improve outcomes after SCI.

Shao Y, Liu J, Zhao J et al. · Journal of neuroinflammation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Vitamin D deficiency in newly diagnosed childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and clinical associations.

This retrospective clinical study assessed vitamin D deficiency prevalence and associated clinical factors in newly diagnosed childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) patients (n=192, age ≤18 years) treated at an academic tertiary center from 2013–2023, defining deficiency as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) <20 ng/mL. The key finding was that vitamin D deficiency was common (median 25-OHD 15 ng/mL) and was evaluated for associations with disease features including lupus nephritis (present in 48.2% of patients). The significance is that it characterizes a modifiable deficiency in pediatric c-SLE and supports future work on whether correcting vitamin D improves clinical outcomes.

Ratanaphisit T, Sukharomana M, Piyaphanee N et al. · European journal of pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Toll-like receptor 7 constrains efferocytosis in myocardial injury.

This study examined how Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) regulates macrophage efferocytosis and reparative function in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. TLR7 deficiency reduced inflammation and infarct size, improved adverse ventricular remodeling, and reprogrammed macrophages toward a reparative phenotype with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory markers, consistent with less constraint on debris clearance. These results suggest TLR7 as a therapeutic target to both limit post-infarct inflammation and preserve macrophage-mediated tissue repair.

Lai Y, Chong SY, Nair V et al. · Basic research in cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Myeloid Mir34a suppresses initiation and progression of intestinal and colitis-induced colon cancers in APCmin mice.

This study evaluated whether myeloid microRNA-34a (Mir34a) functions as a tumor suppressor in intestinal and colitis-induced colon cancer using ApcMin/+ mice. Myeloid-specific deletion of Mir34a increased tumor initiation and enabled progression to invasive carcinomas, associated with polarization of tumor-associated macrophages toward a pro-tumorigenic M2-like state, and Mir34a-deficient bone-marrow-derived macrophages similarly showed enhanced pro-tumorigenic migration. The results support Mir34a as a regulator of macrophage phenotype that restrains colorectal tumor development and progression.

Chen Y, Liu F, König J et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Emerging Insights into the Presentation, Pathophysiology, and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

This article reviewed emerging evidence on eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) presentation, pathophysiology, and management, with emphasis on phenotypic and symptom variability across diverse patient populations including children. It highlights that EoE involves impaired epithelial barrier function and antigen-driven type 2 inflammation, while eosinophil and mast cell depletion has not reliably improved symptoms and new mechanisms such as epithelial alarmins may drive downstream cascades. Clinically, the synthesis supports evolving, mechanism-informed approaches beyond simple eosinophil targeting for EoE management.

Natale MA, Jindal R, Rothenberg ME et al. · The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Vamorolone Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Exploratory Efficacy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Phase II, Nonrandomized, Multiple-Dose Study in 2-<4-Year-Old Boys.

This phase II, open-label, multiple-dose study assessed safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of vamorolone in CS-naive boys aged 2 to <4 years with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), with exploratory efficacy and patient-reported outcomes. Participants received oral vamorolone 2 or 6 mg/kg/day over 12 weeks, with longer-term data from an expanded access protocol. The findings inform dosing and early clinical benefit/safety for vamorolone in very young DMD patients.

Mah JK, Gonorazky HD, Nigro E et al. · Neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Autoimmune Encephalitis as Treatment-Responsive Cause of Rapidly Progressive Dementia: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

This prospective multicenter cohort study evaluated autoimmune encephalitis (AE) as a treatment-responsive cause of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) by determining the frequency of AE subtypes and describing early clinical subphenotypes in patients with AE-RPD. By comparing presenting features against other diagnoses, it aimed to identify which early symptoms could improve patient selection for urgent immunotherapy and reduce delays from broad ancillary testing. The clinical significance is earlier, more accurate recognition of AE-RPD to enable timely immunotherapy and better outcomes.

van Steenhoven RW, Bastiaansen AEM, Kerstens J et al. · Neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neurodegeneration & neuroinflammation (incl. ALS/PD/AD)

The m6A Reader IGF2BP2 Regulates Schwann Cell Autophagy and Neurotrophin Expression via EGR1 in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

This FASEB Journal study investigated how the m6A reader IGF2BP2 regulates Schwann cell autophagy and neurotrophin expression via EGR1 in diabetic peripheral neuropathy using high-glucose RSC96 Schwann cells and sciatic nerves from type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. High glucose increased IGF2BP2 levels while reducing autophagy and neurotrophin expression, and IGF2BP2 signaling was linked to EGR1-mediated regulatory effects. These results are important because they identify IGF2BP2–EGR1 as a mechanistic axis that could be targeted to restore Schwann cell function and slow DPN progression.

Wei W, Li F, Jin T et al. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Amyloid Plaques Ameliorate Memory Deficits and Hippocampal Neuron Loss in an Aβ4-42-Driven Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model.

This preclinical study tested whether amyloid plaques ameliorate cognitive deficits and hippocampal neuron loss in an Aβ4-42-driven Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. The results showed that amyloid plaques improved memory performance and reduced hippocampal neuron loss, challenging the idea that plaques are always the primary toxic species. Scientifically, the work supports a reservoir/sequestration model in which plaques may limit harmful soluble Aβ oligomers, informing therapeutic strategies targeting specific Aβ forms.

Zampar S, Fricke M, Kremser F et al. · Molecular neurobiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Associations of cognitive and behavioural impairment in ALS with brain pathology: pTDP-43 versus microglial activation.

This clinicopathological study examined 21 ALS patients with post-mortem brain tissue to relate cognitive and behavioural impairment to brain pathology, comparing pTDP-43 inclusions versus microglial activation. Patients classified as having ALSci/bi or ALS-bvFTD showed different patterns of pathology, with associations between cognitive/behavioural impairment and the extent of pTDP-43 pathology and/or HLA-DR–defined microglial activation. The results are clinically important because they link specific neuropathological processes to neuropsychological phenotypes in ALS.

Slaghekke HMJ, Govaarts R, Mesarosova L et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Frequency of mixed neuropathologies in individuals with down syndrome with and without Alzheimer’s dementia.

This neuropathology study characterized the frequency of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological change (ADNC) and common co-pathologies—including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), Lewy pathology (LP), limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE-NC), and hippocampal sclerosis (HS)—in adults with Down syndrome (DS) with and without Alzheimer’s dementia using standardized National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) neuropathology forms. The key finding was the systematic quantification of how often these mixed pathologies co-occur in DS across clinical and neuropathological categories. These data clarify the neuropathological landscape underlying dementia in DS and can inform future mechanistic studies and stratified clinical trial design.

Flores-Aguilar L, Zaikos TD, Rivera I et al. · Acta neuropathologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

APOE ε4 influences the widespread TDP-43 pathological subtype in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

This autopsy-confirmed cohort study examined whether APOE ε4 genotype influences the widespread distribution of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by analyzing 145 sporadic ALS cases. The key finding was that APOE ε4 affected the prevalence of a more widespread TDP-43 pathological subtype, linking a common genetic risk factor to heterogeneity in pathological spread. This is significant because it connects APOE biology to TDP-43 propagation patterns, informing risk stratification and mechanistic hypotheses for ALS progression.

Hatano Y, Nakahara A, Tada M et al. · Acta neuropathologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Molecular signatures and biomarker development for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).

This study investigated molecular signatures and biomarker development for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) by characterizing LATE neuropathological change (LATE-NC) patterns and associated proteinopathy in older individuals. It found that LATE-NC is defined by phosphorylated TDP-43 accumulation preferentially in the limbic system with an anatomic distribution distinct from frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP), and that LATE-NC often co-occurs with other dementia-related degenerative and vascular pathologies. These findings support more accurate disease stratification and biomarker targeting for LATE, which is common in people aged 80+.

Wu L, Akingbade T, Nelson PT et al. · Acta neuropathologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Proteomic signatures of the APOE ε4 and APOE ε2 genetic variants and Alzheimer’s disease.

This study analyzed multicohort plasma and cerebrospinal fluid proteomics to determine how APOE ε4 versus APOE ε2 genetic variants relate to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biology across cohorts including GNPC, BioFINDER-2, ADNI, UK Biobank, and PPMI. It found that APOE-associated protein alterations are detectable before amyloid pathology and remain stable across age and disease progression, with APOE2-enriched pathways linked to cellular maintenance and anti-inflammatory processes and APOE4 showing upstream mediators tied to cell-cycle and oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology. The work clarifies mechanistic differences between APOE2 and APOE4 and supports proteomic biomarkers for early AD risk stratification.

Lu L, Pichet Binette A, Hristovska I et al. · Nature aging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

α-Synuclein aggregates induce mitochondrial damage and trigger innate immunity to drive neuron-microglia communication.

This study tested whether α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates drive neuron–microglia communication by inducing mitochondrial damage and innate immune signaling using human neuronal and microglial cell lines, plus iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons and microglia. It showed that α-Syn aggregates cause mitochondrial damage, release mitochondrial DNA to activate the cGAS–STING–NF-κB–IRF3 pathway, and promote actin remodeling and TNT-like structures that facilitate intercellular transfer of α-Syn. This mechanistic link highlights a pathway by which α-Syn pathology can amplify neuroinflammation and spread between cell types.

Chakraborty R, Maya S, Testa V et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sustained activation of M1 microglia by oligomerized alpha-synuclein released from dopaminergic neuronal damage through CD11b/Src/Erk/NOX2 axis after Paraquat exposure.

The study examined how paraquat exposure drives sustained activation of M1 microglia by oligomerized alpha-synuclein released from dopaminergic neuronal damage, focusing on the CD11b/Src/Erk/NOX2 signaling axis. Paraquat increased extracellular alpha-syn release and aggregation, which then triggered microglial activation and maintained chronic neuroinflammation through CD11b/Src/Erk/NOX2-dependent pathways. This mechanistic link strengthens the rationale for targeting microglial activation signaling in environmentally induced Parkinson’s disease-like neuroinflammation.

Cai Q, Jing Q, Shi G et al. · Toxicology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Aged circulating CD8+ T cells and their secreted factors drive cognitive decline.

The study examined whether aged circulating, non-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and their secreted factors drive hippocampal-dependent cognitive decline in mice, using heterochronic parabiosis and transcriptomics. Exposure of young mice to aged CD8+ T cells induced synaptic-related hippocampal changes and impaired cognition, and inhibiting CD8+ T-cell activation (without affecting infiltration) mitigated these pro-aging effects. These findings identify aged circulating CD8+ T-cell activation as a causal driver of cognitive decline and a potential target for interventions in immune aging.

Sucharov J, Bieri G, Pratt KJB et al. · Immunity · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cell-type-specific APOE4 cascade across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum.

This review synthesized evidence on how APOE4 affects Alzheimer’s disease progression across the preclinical, prodromal, and dementia continuum in a cell-type-specific manner. It proposes a temporal model in which age-associated stress upregulates neuronal APOE4 expression and drives distinct downstream effects in different cell types at different disease stages. The framework is clinically significant because it can guide stage- and cell-targeted APOE4-directed therapies rather than treating APOE4 effects as uniform over time.

Shostak D, Liang Z, Huang Y · Neuron · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Neurodevelopment & brain connectivity/behavior

Antenatal depressive symptoms impair offspring neurodevelopment by inducing maternal gut microbiota dysbiosis during pregnancy.

This multicenter prospective cohort study of 2053 pregnant women assessed whether antenatal depressive symptoms in any trimester impair offspring neurodevelopment, and used a nested case–control design with 16S rRNA sequencing of 504 maternal fecal samples to probe microbiota mechanisms. Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with delayed infant neurodevelopment, and maternal gut microbiota showed reduced butyrate-producing bacteria and disrupted amino-acid metabolism that correlated with poorer cognitive outcomes. The study links maternal mental health to offspring neurodevelopment via gut microbiota dysbiosis, suggesting microbiome-informed interventions may mitigate risk.

Zhou F, Wang L, Zhao Y et al. · Gut microbes · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The interplay of circadian rhythms and cancer pain: a narrative review.

This narrative review examined how circadian rhythm disruption may influence cancer-associated pain and patients’ responses to analgesics, integrating chronobiology with nociceptive and psychosocial mechanisms. It highlighted that altered sleep-wake timing, hormone and immune changes, and disrupted nociceptive signaling can plausibly worsen pain and modify analgesic effectiveness. The review supports chronotherapeutic approaches (chronobiology-informed timing of interventions) as a potential next step toward better pain control in advanced cancer patients.

Marelli D, Sbrana A, Sbalzer N et al. · Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Subclinical neuropsychiatric trait variation in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: a cohort study.

This cohort study assessed subclinical neuropsychiatric trait variation in biological parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, comparing 189 families with autistic children to 100 families without autism. It found evidence of co-aggregation of sub-threshold neuropsychiatric and cognitive traits in parents, consistent with shared genetic liability and intergenerational transmission of autism-related risk. These findings refine how inherited risk may manifest as broader neuropsychiatric phenotypes rather than only categorical autism traits.

Mullin LJ, Xia K, Wang J et al. · Molecular autism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Autism subtypes identified using cross-species functional connectivity analyses.

This cross-species functional connectivity study used fMRI in humans and functional neuroimaging across 20 distinct genetic mouse models of autism to identify biologically dissociable autism subtypes. Connectivity alterations clustered into hypoconnectivity-dominant versus hyperconnectivity-dominant subtypes, each tied to distinct biological pathways (with hypoconnectivity linked to synaptic dysfunction). The work is significant because it provides mechanistic subtype structure for autism that could guide more targeted interventions.

Pagani M, Zerbi V, Gini S et al. · Nature neuroscience · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Excitatory synapses onto axonic spines jump-start action potentials and route information flow.

This study investigated how glutamatergic synapses at the axon initial segment (AIS) influence action potential initiation in adult mice, focusing on excitatory synapses onto axonic spines. It found that AIS axonic spines exist in about half of neurons in the dorsal lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and striatum, express ionotropic glutamate receptors, and undergo structural plasticity, while AIS voltage-gated Na+ channels boost synaptic responses to drive action potential generation. These findings are significant because they reveal a synapse-to-spike mechanism that routes information flow through AIS axonic spines.

Yang H, Wang K, Chen Y et al. · Nature neuroscience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Infectious disease & host-directed antiviral strategies

Root-knot-nematode-derived mimics of RGF peptides hijack host signalling to orchestrate feeding site formation.

This plant–pathogen study identified ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR (RGF)-like peptide effectors from root-knot nematodes, specifically MgRGF from Meloidogyne graminicola and MiRGF1 from M. incognita, and tested their role in host feeding site formation. The key finding was that these nematode RGFs are secreted into the host apoplast and are required for feeding site development, while also producing host-specific outcomes in Arabidopsis. The work is significant because it reveals how nematodes hijack host signaling using conserved peptide effectors, offering targets for controlling root-knot disease.

Li W, Mo J, Su X et al. · Nature plants · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A nanobody-based proteolysis-targeting chimera offers broad-spectrum protection against diverse influenza virus infections.

This study engineered five nanobody-based proteolysis-targeting chimeras (Nb-PROTACs) to broadly protect against diverse influenza A virus infections and tested their antiviral activity across multiple viral subtypes. The Nb-PROTACs enabled broad-spectrum protection by directing viral targets for degradation via the PROTAC concept, extending activity beyond single influenza strains. The work supports Nb-PROTACs as a platform strategy for developing next-generation, subtype-agnostic influenza therapeutics.

Zhuang Y, Chen L, Qin C et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Niemann-Pick C1 maintains cholesterol homeostasis in late endosomes to drive hepatitis B virus endosomal escape.

The study investigated the role of Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), a late endosomal cholesterol transporter, in hepatitis B virus (HBV) endosomal escape during early infection using primary human cells. NPC1 was found to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in late endosomes and to be required for efficient HBV escape from endosomes, linking host lipid transport to early HBV replication steps. This identifies NPC1-mediated endosomal cholesterol regulation as a potential host-directed target to limit HBV persistence.

He S, Zhang W, Wang C et al. · Antiviral research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Vaccines & vaccine effectiveness/immunogenicity

Clinical and economic benefits of seasonal COVID-19 vaccination in Germany: results from the ROUTINE-COV19 Study, September 2022 to March 2024.

This retrospective cohort study assessed the clinical and economic benefits of seasonal COVID-19 vaccination in Germany using statutory health insurance data from Saxony and Thuringia. Adults aged ≥18 years vaccinated between 1 September and 30 November 2023 were propensity-score matched 1:1 to unvaccinated controls, and outcomes over a 4-month follow-up were compared to estimate benefit. The results are significant for informing public health decisions on seasonal vaccination value during the early SARS-CoV-2 endemic phase.

Schmetz A, Knaul J, Müller S et al. · Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Surveillance and vaccine effectiveness of pertussis, the Netherlands, 2012 to 2024, with an unprecedented surge in 2023 and 2024.

This Euro Surveillance study analyzed pertussis epidemiology and estimated infant and maternal vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the Netherlands from 2012 to 2024 using retrospective pertussis notification data. It documented a major surge in notifications beginning May 2023, peaking in March 2024, alongside reduced infant vaccination uptake and maternal vaccination introduction with moderate coverage. The findings are important for understanding waning/impact of vaccination programs and for guiding strategies to prevent future pertussis resurgence.

van Roon A, van Meijeren D, de Gier B et al. · Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Variability in the TLR3 type I interferon pathway is predictive of RNA vaccine responses.

This study assessed whether variability in the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway before vaccination predicts vaccine responsiveness by stimulating whole blood with TLR3 viral agonists in healthy adolescents and adults. It found that variability in the TLR3 IFN-I pathway was predictive of postvaccination antigen-specific T cell cytokine responses and plasma antibody levels after BNT162b2 mRNA or CoronaVac inactivated virus vaccination. These results suggest that pre-existing TLR3–IFN-I signaling signatures could serve as biomarkers to anticipate RNA vaccine immunogenicity and guide individualized vaccine strategies.

Ng WW, Sugrue J, Rosa Duque JS et al. · Science advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiovascular risk, atherosclerosis & heart failure mechanisms

Comparative effectiveness and safety of inclisiran versus evolocumab and alirocumab: a 180-day real-world study.

This single-center retrospective real-world study compared 180-day lipid-lowering efficacy, apolipoprotein B (apoB) reduction, safety, and adherence among 198 patients treated with the PCSK9 inhibitors inclisiran (siRNA; twice-yearly dosing), evolocumab, or alirocumab. Inclisiran showed comparable effectiveness and safety to the monoclonal antibodies over 180 days, with adherence patterns reflecting its infrequent dosing schedule. These findings support the real-world use of inclisiran as a practical alternative to anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for dyslipidemia patients needing sustained PCSK9 suppression.

Yao J, Sun Q, Liu D et al. · BMC cardiovascular disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Risk prediction and prevention in patients with advanced subclinical atherosclerosis.

This article reviewed and proposed approaches for risk prediction and prevention in patients with advanced subclinical atherosclerosis, emphasizing limitations of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and the need for individualized risk evaluation. It highlights the added value of imaging techniques for earlier detection of disease and more personalized preventive strategies, including tailored use of aspirin (asp) where appropriate. The synthesis is clinically significant because it guides more accurate identification of high-risk patients before overt cardiovascular events.

Blaha MJ, Kinsara AJ, Shehab A et al. · BMC cardiovascular disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

LTBP4 deficiency inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiomyocytes and attenuates heart failure in male mice.

The study examined whether latent transforming growth factor β-binding protein 4 (LTBP4) regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiomyocytes and thereby affects heart failure in male mice, using cardiomyocyte-specific Ltbp4 deficiency in a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model. LTBP4 loss in cardiomyocytes attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cardiac dysfunction, and fibrosis after TAC, with pressure overload upregulating LTBP4 partly via SP1 and angiotensin II promoting intracellular LTBP4 recruitment to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) via dynein. These findings identify an LTBP4–NLRP3 axis as a mechanistic driver of pressure-overload heart failure and a potential therapeutic target to reduce inflammatory remodeling.

Ma S, Jiang N, Zuo Z et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Bidirectional association between breast cancer and cardiovascular disease: Longitudinal analysis of UK Biobank data.

Using UK Biobank data, this matched prospective cohort study examined bidirectional associations between breast cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by constructing propensity-score-matched cohorts of women with breast cancer (n=5,318) and women with CVD (n=36,857), each matched 1:1 to controls. The analysis used Cox proportional hazards and multi-state models to estimate incident CVD after breast cancer, incident breast cancer after CVD, and all-cause mortality. These findings clarify shared risk and timing relationships between breast cancer and CVD, which can guide surveillance and risk management strategies in women.

Liu Z, Du F, Zhao C et al. · Atherosclerosis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Iron deficiency and risk of heart failure and cardiovascular events in CKD: Insights from the ASCEND-ND trial.

This post-hoc analysis of the ASCEND-ND trial investigated whether iron deficiency in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular events independent of anemia. Using time-updated multivariable Cox regression, it examined transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin levels as predictors of the primary outcome (heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death) among 3,872 participants. The study clarifies whether iron status is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes in CKD beyond hemoglobin-based anemia management.

Neuen BL, Lu H, Vaduganathan M et al. · European journal of heart failure · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Metabolic disease, obesity & lipid/cholesterol biology

Creatine monohydrate for lean mass, strength, and bone density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated creatine monohydrate supplementation, with or without resistance training, in randomized placebo-controlled trials involving postmenopausal women aged ≥40–45 years. Across included studies, creatine monohydrate improved outcomes related to lean mass, strength, and bone density compared with placebo (with effects assessed using DXA-derived measures in the primary analyses). These findings suggest creatine monohydrate could be a clinically useful adjunct to resistance training for mitigating menopause-associated sarcopenia and bone loss.

Naddafha S, Antonio J, Kreider RB et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Transplanting light-dependent reactions for mammalian eye photosynthesis.

This study engineered a nanoscale, thylakoid-based photosynthetic system (LEAF: light-reaction enriched thylakoid NADPH-foundry) and transplanted it into mammalian corneal cells to enable light-driven NADPH and ATP production. LEAF supported bona fide photosynthesis-like electron transport that restored cellular redox balance and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, with both intracellular NADPH/ATP supply and extracellular antioxidant effects. The work is significant as a proof-of-concept for functional photosynthesis in mammalian tissues, potentially enabling new therapeutic strategies for oxidative/inflammatory eye disorders.

Xing K, Yan Y, Zhu Z et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Quantitative Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Contributions to ECF K+ Homeostasis.

This physiology study quantified skeletal muscle contributions to extracellular fluid (ECF) K+ homeostasis using stable isotope-based modeling in resting rats. The authors found that ~98% of newly administered K+ tracer was taken up by extrarenal tissues (primarily skeletal muscle) rather than excreted by the kidney within 5 hours, indicating extremely rapid ECF–intracellular fluid (ICF) K+ exchange. The findings are significant for refining mechanistic models of K+ regulation and for understanding how muscle buffering shapes systemic electrolyte stability.

Youn JH, Gili S, Oh Y et al. · American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Bidirectional Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Hyperlipidemia: Clinical Evidence and Mechanistic Insights.

This study analyzed 57,295 adults with documented Helicobacter pylori status and detailed lipid profiles (including non-HDL-C to HDL-C ratio, NHHR) and used in vitro/in vivo H. pylori PMSS1 infection models plus single-cell RNA sequencing, histopathology, and lipidomics to test mechanisms. H. pylori infection was associated with higher LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, lower HDL cholesterol, and elevated NHHR, and mechanistic experiments supported H. pylori–driven disruption of lipid metabolism. The findings link gastric infection to systemic dyslipidemia and suggest that targeting H. pylori could be relevant for cardiovascular risk modulation.

Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Li S et al. · Helicobacter · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Association of Visceral Obesity Indices With Survival Among Cancer Survivors: Evidence From Two Nationally Population-Based Cohort Study.

This retrospective analysis used two nationally population-based cohorts—NHANES (2001–2018) and CHARLS—to examine associations between six visceral obesity indices (including ABSI, ConI, VAI, CVAI, and a metabolic score for visceral fat) plus BMI and overall survival among cancer survivors. Visceral obesity measures were evaluated for prognostic relationships with survival outcomes across cohorts, clarifying whether visceral fat distribution indices outperform BMI. The results can improve risk stratification and survivorship management by identifying which visceral obesity metrics best predict mortality.

Li Q, Wang Y, Liu Q et al. · Cancer medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

QSOX1 confers ferroptosis resistance via redox modification of SLC7A11 in colorectal cancer.

This study investigated how quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) regulates ferroptosis sensitivity in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, focusing on redox modification of the ferroptosis-relevant cystine transporter SLC7A11. QSOX1 conferred ferroptosis resistance by altering SLC7A11 redox state, thereby reducing lipid peroxidation–driven cell death. The work identifies the QSOX1–SLC7A11 redox axis as a mechanistic target for sensitizing CRC to ferroptosis-based therapies.

Jia M, Chen H, Liu Y et al. · Cellular & molecular biology letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Adipokine IL-11/IL-11Ra constrains sphingolipid metabolism to limit the thermogenic capacity of beige adipocytes.

The study investigated how the adipokine IL-11 and its receptor IL-11Ra regulate sphingolipid metabolism and thermogenesis in beige adipocytes, using adipocyte stimulation and IL-11/IL-11Ra genetic mouse models. IL-11 was robustly induced and secreted from adrenergically stimulated beige adipocytes, and IL-11/IL-11Ra signaling constrained thermogenesis by limiting Sphk1-driven sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, while adipocyte-specific IL-11Ra knockout increased energy consumption and improved glucose/lipid metabolism under high-fat diet. This mechanistic pathway links IL-11/IL-11Ra to sphingolipid control of adipocyte thermogenic capacity, suggesting a metabolic therapeutic lever for obesity/insulin resistance.

Liu J, Gao R, Kang Q et al. · Cell metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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GI/hepatology/liver disease & microbiome-related interventions

Gastric Cancer Incidence After Helicobacter pylori Eradication and Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

This population-based cohort study evaluated gastric cancer incidence after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication and assessed lifestyle-related risk factors using Japanese healthcare insurance claims and check-up data from 2014 to 2023. Gastric cancer development occurring ≥1 year after eradication was the primary outcome, and the study aimed to quantify post-eradication incidence and identify associated lifestyle determinants. The results are significant because they help stratify residual gastric cancer risk after eradication and inform follow-up and prevention strategies based on modifiable behaviors.

Arai J, Niikura R, Hayakawa Y et al. · Helicobacter · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan-Based Dual Therapies With Different Antibiotics Versus Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Prospective, Four-Arm, Randomized Controlled Trial.

This prospective four-arm randomized controlled trial studied Helicobacter pylori eradication in H. pylori–infected patients comparing vonoprazan-based dual therapies (VA: vonoprazan + amoxicillin; VT: vonoprazan + tetracycline; VM: vonoprazan + minocycline) versus vonoprazan–amoxicillin–clarithromycin (VACB) against bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT). Vonoprazan-based dual regimens showed comparative efficacy and safety with adherence outcomes reported across arms, supporting simplified antibiotic-paired strategies as alternatives to BQT. These head-to-head data help clinicians select vonoprazan dual therapy partners to improve eradication while potentially reducing regimen complexity and tolerability burden.

Li J, Li DH, Guo QQ et al. · Helicobacter · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Phase I trial of CJRB-101 plus pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.

This first-in-human, multicenter phase I study evaluated CJRB-101, a live biotherapeutic product (Leuconostoc mesenteroides), combined with pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. The trial tested safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of CJRB-101 at 1×10^11 or 4×10^11 CFU/day with pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks, motivated by preclinical evidence that gut microbiome modulation can affect immunotherapy response. The study informs whether microbiome-targeting live biotherapeutics can enhance checkpoint inhibitor outcomes in advanced solid tumors.

Lee JB, Baek S, Kim DK et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Respiratory/critical care (ARDS/AHRF/air pollution)

Definition and prognostic value of response to prone positioning in ARDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis mapped how “response” to prone positioning is defined and prognostically evaluated in invasively ventilated patients with ARDS across studies published up to July 2025. It found that existing definitions of prone-position responsiveness vary and that responsiveness is associated with mortality outcomes, with pooled responder proportions estimated across the available evidence base. Standardizing a clinically meaningful definition of prone response could improve trial comparability and help clinicians better identify ARDS patients most likely to benefit from prone positioning.

Caccioppola A, Ippolito M, Cortegiani A et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Air Pollution Elevates Risks of Incident Hypertension, Subsequent Comorbidities Progression and Prognosis: A Multistate Analysis.

The study used UK Biobank participants (enrolled 2006–2010) and a multi-state model to assess whether long-term air pollution exposures (PM2.5, PM10, NOx, NO2) influence incident hypertension progression and subsequent comorbidity trajectories and prognosis. Higher air pollution exposure was associated with increased risk of incident hypertension and with progression of subsequent comorbidities across disease states, with analyses also exploring mediators. These results support air pollution as a modifiable environmental risk factor for not only developing hypertension but also worsening downstream cardiovascular outcomes.

Xue X, Zhang L, Zhou L et al. · American journal of preventive medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Biological subphenotypes in severe acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome using rapid prospective classification (SPARC) in the USA: a multicentre, observational, study.

This multicentre, prospective observational study evaluated whether biological subphenotypes in ARDS and severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) can be classified in real time using rapid prospective classification (SPARC) in the USA. The key aim was to test feasibility of real-time stratification based on plasma concentrations of biomarkers (as described in the abstract) to assign patients to previously described ARDS subphenotypes. If feasible, this approach would enable timely, biology-informed patient stratification for future interventional trials and potentially more tailored management.

Files DC, Matthay MA, Chapple AG et al. · The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Genetics, epigenetics & RNA/protein regulation (incl. CRISPR/CRISPR-like)

Super-resolution multimodal spatial transcriptomics reveals an ovoid stem-cell niche structuring de novo shoot regeneration.

This study used super-resolution multimodal spatial transcriptomics to profile ~1.2 million cells during tomato shoot regeneration from wounding to organogenesis, aiming to define how stem-cell niches (SCNs) are structured de novo. The resulting spatial atlas resolved vascular-associated callus initiation and epidermal/pluripotent reprogramming, revealing architectural principles that organize an ovoid stem-cell niche during regeneration. These findings advance mechanistic understanding of plant regeneration and provide a high-resolution framework for manipulating SCN formation in crop improvement.

Song X, Zhang S, Yue Z et al. · Molecular plant · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

CPEB1 orchestrates cell cycle-dependent translation of maternal factors to coordinate nuclear-cytoplasmic maturation in porcine oocytes.

Using integrative transcriptomic and translatomic profiling, this study characterized cell cycle–dependent translation of maternal factors in porcine oocytes and identified how CPEB1 orchestrates nuclear-cytoplasmic maturation. CPEB1 was shown to coordinate translation programs of stored maternal mRNAs during maturation, with conserved and species-specific translational features revealed by cross-species comparisons to human and mouse. These findings advance understanding of the molecular control of oocyte competence and could inform improvements in in vitro maturation (IVM) protocols.

Wang Y, Fan Z, Chu X et al. · Science China. Life sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Population-scale genomic medicine with the Hong Kong Genome Project.

The Hong Kong Genome Project (HKGP) study performed large-scale genome sequencing and integrated analyses in over 20,000 participants across a rare disease cohort (n=2,227) and a population genomic screening cohort (n=18,261) to support precision medicine in the Chinese population. The rare disease cohort achieved a 25% diagnostic rate, and benchmarking against European-ancestry panels suggested that 3.7% of screened individuals carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in medically actionable genes. This population-scale genomic resource improves variant interpretation and clinical utility for actionable findings in Chinese ancestry, enabling more equitable precision medicine.

Ying D, Cheung CL, O CK et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Polymerase face-off: emerging concepts in transcription-replication coordination.

This EMBO Reports review synthesized emerging concepts in transcription–replication coordination, focusing on transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs) caused when DNA replication forks encounter RNA polymerases (especially RNA polymerase II). The key finding is that TRCs can be mitigated or resolved through coordinated regulation of replication and transcription dynamics and engagement of genome maintenance pathways, with RNA polymerase II dynamics playing a central role. The significance is that it frames how cells preserve genome stability during TRCs and highlights mechanistic targets for future experimental studies.

Uruci S, Lalonde M, Luijsterburg MS et al. · EMBO reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

DNA-guided CRISPR-Cas12 for cellular RNA targeting.

This study developed ΨDNA, a DNA-guided CRISPR-Cas12 system, to enable cellular RNA targeting using AsCas12a and Cas12i1 in human cell lines and clinical hepatitis C virus (HCV) samples. ΨDNA achieved 100% accurate HCV RNA detection in clinical samples and enabled 70–95% multiplex knockdown of endogenous intracellular RNA transcripts via ribosome stalling. The approach provides a new, DNA-guided platform for sensitive RNA detection and efficient multiplex RNA knockdown with potential translational utility.

Orosco C, Huang B, Rananaware SR et al. · Nature biotechnology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Catalytic and regulatory basis of tRNA t6A modification by the KEOPS complex.

This study determined the catalytic and regulatory mechanism of tRNA N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) formation at position 37 by the KEOPS complex using cryo-EM structures of C. elegans KEOPS in apo and tRNA-bound states. It found that tRNA binding induces conformational rearrangements that position A37 into the Kae1 active site, with Kae1 recognizing conserved tRNA elements (G10–C25 pair and 36–UAA–38 motif) and Bud32 coupling ATP hydrolysis to catalysis via long-range structural changes, while Cgi121 enhances catalytic efficiency. These structural insights explain how KEOPS coordinates fidelity-critical t6A modification and translational homeostasis.

Zhou L, Zhang Z, Jin M et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Two distinct SWI/SNF complexes direct chromatin-linked transcriptional programs in Toxoplasma.

This study analyzed how two distinct SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes regulate chromatin-linked transcriptional programs in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It found that homologous remodeler complexes can direct distinct transcriptional programs, indicating functional specificity in regulating gene expression in response to cellular and environmental contexts. The results advance understanding of how limited sets of remodelers in divergent eukaryotes coordinate transcriptional control.

Schwarz D, Tapia B, Lourido S · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

EMReady2: improvement of cryo-EM and cryo-ET maps by local quality-aware deep learning with Mamba.

The study developed EMReady2, a local quality-aware deep learning method using a fast Mamba-based dual-branch UNet architecture, to improve cryo-EM and cryo-ET maps with heterogeneous local quality. EMReady2 improved map interpretability by jointly capturing local and global features and using a local resolution-guided learning strategy to better handle regions with varying noise/contrast. This provides a more robust computational post-processing tool for structural biology workflows where cryo-EM/ET map heterogeneity limits accurate model building.

Cao H, Zhu Y, Li T et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Evolutionarily conserved spliceosome-exosome pathway in nuclear mRNA surveillance.

This study investigated an evolutionarily conserved spliceosome–exosome pathway in nuclear mRNA surveillance by combining biochemical and structural approaches to define how mRNPs are routed to nuclear degradation versus cytoplasmic export. It showed that the LENG8–PCID2 complex acts as an mRNP decay connector linking UAP56-containing mRNPs to the RNA-degrading exosome via the PAXT adaptor complex, contrasting with the GANP–PCID2 export connection. The work advances mechanistic understanding of how specific mRNP components and adaptor complexes determine nuclear fate, informing models of RNA quality control and its dysregulation in disease.

Abbas DK, Bonneau F, Wilkinson ME et al. · Genes & development · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

CDK1 and CEP97 cooperatively control centriole length to orchestrate ciliogenesis and developmental patterning.

The study investigated how cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and the centriolar complex CEP97-CCP110 regulate centriole length during ciliogenesis and developmental patterning, using centrosome purification and centrosome-specific phosphoproteomics. CDK1 phosphorylated multiple centriolar proteins involved in centriole length control, and CDK1 acted synergistically with CEP97-CCP110 to restrict Centrobin localization and suppress Centrobin-driven centriole elongation. These findings define a mechanistic phosphorylation-and-localization switch that coordinates centriole architecture to control cilia formation and downstream developmental programs.

Liu Y, Wang Z, Sinha T et al. · Genes & development · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The competition between splicing and 3’ processing shapes the human transcriptome.

The study examined how competition between splicing and 3’ end processing shapes the human transcriptome by experimentally inhibiting splicing using multiple targets of U1 snRNP, U2 snRNP, U2AF, and SF3b. Disrupting splicing activated 3’ processing at thousands of intronic polyadenylation (IPA) sites, with U1 snRNP inhibition producing widespread premature transcription termination within gene bodies. This work clarifies how splicing suppresses aberrant 3’ processing and transcription termination, informing models of transcriptome regulation and potential consequences of splicing factor dysfunction.

Soles LV, Li S, Liu L et al. · Genes & development · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Parasite-specific essential bromodomain protein TgBDP4 is a key epigenetic reader and a potential drug target for the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

The study characterized the parasite-specific bromodomain protein TgBDP4 in Toxoplasma gondii as an epigenetic reader and evaluated it as a potential drug target using protein–peptide interaction assays and pull-down experiments. TgBDP4 was identified as a key reader of histone lysine acetylation that regulates parasite gene expression, and its parasite specificity supports therapeutic targeting. These findings provide a concrete epigenetic vulnerability in T. gondii that could be exploited for new toxoplasmosis treatments.

Gurupwar R, Khandavalli CR, Deshmukh AS · The Journal of biological chemistry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Innovative lipid nanoparticle formulations: Bridging the gap toward decentralized personalized gene therapies.

This review summarized innovations in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations aimed at enabling decentralized personalized gene therapies while addressing manufacturing and environmental constraints. It focuses on how newer formulation strategies seek to reduce challenges associated with solvent handling (e.g., ethanol), improve scalability beyond conventional microfluidic mixing or impingement jet mixing, and support personalized dosing. Scientifically, it frames current formulation bottlenecks and emerging solutions for translating LNP-based nucleic acid delivery to broader, more individualized clinical use.

Streiber M, Schubert US, Traeger A · Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Exploring the impact of haptoglobin gene polymorphisms and severity of sickle cell disease: meta-analysis and gene set enrichment study.

The study performed a meta-analysis and gene set enrichment analysis to assess whether haptoglobin (HP) gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to more severe sickle cell disease. Across pooled literature, it evaluated methodological quality with RoB 2 and used MetaGenyo for statistical testing (p<0.05) alongside functional enrichment to infer biological pathways. By clarifying genotype–severity relationships for HP variants, the work supports HP polymorphisms as candidate biomarkers or mechanistic contributors to sickle cell disease severity.

Velmurugan S, Gopal N, Ganesan K et al. · Hematology, transfusion and cell therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Generated automatically on May 17, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.