PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 18, 2026

Automated digest · 97 articles · 15 research areas · May 18, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s PubMed highlights, a dominant theme is the move from “single-factor” explanations to systems-level understanding—whether in infectious disease surveillance, cancer resistance, or tissue fibrosis. Several studies emphasize how co-circulating pathogens and real-world epidemiologic conditions can bias vaccine effectiveness estimates (COVID-19, pertussis), while others show how spatial and cellular heterogeneity (single-cell atlases, tumor microenvironment mapping) shapes immune responses and therapeutic outcomes. Together, these works argue that context—viral ecology, cellular state, and anatomical microenvironments—matters for interpreting results and for designing interventions.

A second major thread is mechanistic targeting of disease pathways, often guided by omics and functional validation. In oncology, multiple papers connect resistance to specific molecular programs (e.g., Wnt-linked stemness and deubiquitinase regulation in EGFR-mutant NSCLC, enhancer-driven vulnerabilities in neuroblastoma, condensate-mediated drug sequestration in lung cancer, and macrophage-driven immunosuppression in anaplastic thyroid cancer). In inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, studies implicate immune orchestration (CD4+ T cells in MASH fibrosis), innate immune signaling axes (mtDNA–cGAS–STING–NLRP3 in COPD), and host–microbe interactions (microbiome modulation in cholestatic fibrosis; microbiome effects of IL-4/IL-13 blockade).

Finally, the digest also reflects a translational push: trials and real-world evaluations test new or optimized therapies (vonoprazan-based H. pylori regimens, reduced-dose radiotherapy for myxoid liposarcoma, CAR-T design improvements, ADC strategies, and MDT for oligometastatic disease), while diagnostic and implementation advances (WGS antimicrobial susceptibility prediction, FAPI PET/CT nodal staging, AI guidance for osteoporosis, and automated CLABSI surveillance) aim to make care more accurate, efficient, and scalable. The overall message is that better outcomes increasingly depend on integrating high-resolution biology with pragmatic clinical workflows.

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Respiratory virus epidemiology & vaccine effectiveness

A randomized clinical trial to compare moxiFloxAcin veRsus aziTHromycin for the trEatment of MycoplaSma geniTalium: the FARTHEST Study.

This randomized clinical trial (FARTHEST) compared moxifloxacin versus azithromycin for Mycoplasma genitalium treatment in adults diagnosed by multiplex PCR, without resistance-guided genotyping. Participants were randomized 1:1 to moxifloxacin 400 mg daily for 10 days or azithromycin 500 mg daily for 6 days, with a test of cure performed at least 28 days after completion. The study addresses a key evidence gap for empiric therapy when access to resistance assays is limited, informing practical treatment choices in settings with high macrolide/fluoroquinolone resistance.

Rossotti R, Baiguera C, Bernasconi DP et al. · Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Prevalence of common respiratory viruses of infants with respiratory tract infections in European countries in the past decade: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing between the pre-COVID-19, pandemic, and post-COVID-19 periods.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of common respiratory viruses in infants with respiratory tract infections across European countries over 2012/13–2022/23, comparing pre-COVID-19, pandemic, and post-COVID-19 periods. It identified and synthesized evidence from 20,453 studies reporting respiratory viral testing, focusing on changes in viral proportions by period. The significance is improved understanding of how respiratory virus epidemiology shifted with COVID-19 mitigation, informing pediatric surveillance and prevention strategies.

Mapindra MP, Mahindra MP, McNamara P et al. · European journal of pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clinical and economic benefits of seasonal COVID-19 vaccination in Germany: results from the ROUTINE-COV19 Study, September 2022 to March 2024.

This retrospective cohort study assessed the clinical and economic benefits of seasonal COVID-19 vaccination in Germany using statutory health insurance data from Saxony and Thuringia for over 3 million individuals. Adults (≥18 years) vaccinated between 1 September and 30 November 2023 were propensity-score matched 1:1 to unvaccinated controls, and outcomes over a 4-month follow-up were used to estimate impact. The findings support evidence-based decisions about the value of seasonal vaccination during the early SARS-CoV-2 endemic phase.

Schmetz A, Knaul J, Müller S et al. · Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Imported case of avian influenza A(H9N2) virus infection in a patient with miliary tuberculosis, Italy, March 2026.

This report described an imported avian influenza A(H9N2) infection in a patient with miliary tuberculosis in Italy in March 2026. After an unsubtypable influenza A virus was detected, rapid molecular confirmation and full genome sequencing showed the virus belonged to subclade G5.5 and was closely related to African strains, with no additional cases found during investigation. The case underscores the need for continued genomic surveillance and prompt outbreak assessment for zoonotic influenza introductions.

Pariani E, Puzelli S, Del Castillo G et al. · Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Surveillance and vaccine effectiveness of pertussis, the Netherlands, 2012 to 2024, with an unprecedented surge in 2023 and 2024.

This surveillance study analyzed pertussis epidemiology and estimated infant and maternal vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the Netherlands from 2012 to 2024, including an unprecedented surge in 2023–2024. Using retrospective notification data and the screening method, it documented a major drop during the COVID-19 pandemic followed by a surge starting May 2023 with a peak in March 2024, alongside declining infant vaccination uptake and maternal vaccination introduction in 2019. The results inform public health planning by quantifying how vaccination coverage and VE relate to pertussis resurgence.

van Roon A, van Meijeren D, de Gier B et al. · Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Interim 2025/26 LP.8.1 vaccine effectiveness estimates against COVID-19 from the Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN): insights into possible impact of influenza and other respiratory virus co-circulation.

This study estimated 2025/26 LP.8.1 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in Canadian outpatients (≥12 years) with acute respiratory illness using a test-negative design (TND) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) within the Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN), with registry-based vaccination data from 26 Oct 2025 to 7 Mar 2026. It also assessed how co-circulating respiratory viruses (including influenza) among COVID-19 cases and/or controls could influence VE estimates, using analyses that excluded influenza-infected controls. These interim VE findings are important for interpreting vaccine performance during periods of multiple respiratory virus circulation and for improving surveillance-based VE estimates by accounting for viral co-circulation.

Skowronski DM, Zhan Y, Kaweski SE et al. · Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Healthcare-associated infection surveillance & hospital automation

First results of a national deployment of a fully automated central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) surveillance system, Switzerland, 2022 to 2023.

This multicentre retrospective study evaluated a centrally hosted, fully automated surveillance algorithm for central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in critically ill ICU patients across six hospital networks in Switzerland from 2022 to 2023. The key finding was that the automated system’s performance was validated against anonymised manual review for detecting catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), CLABSI, and ICU-onset bloodstream infections (ICU-BSI). Implementing and validating such automation can improve efficiency and consistency of healthcare-associated infection surveillance in ICUs.

Catho G, Toko J, Fortchantre L et al. · Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Helicobacter pylori eradication & gastric cancer risk

Gastric Cancer Incidence After Helicobacter pylori Eradication and Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

This population-based retrospective cohort study assessed gastric cancer (GC) incidence after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication in a nationwide Japanese cohort using healthcare insurance claims and medical check-up data from 2014 to 2023. The study’s key finding was the post-eradication GC incidence (≥1 year after eradication) and identification of lifestyle-related risk factors associated with developing GC after eradication. Clinically, these results help refine risk stratification and follow-up strategies for patients who achieve H. pylori cure but remain at residual GC risk.

Arai J, Niikura R, Hayakawa Y et al. · Helicobacter · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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H. pylori mechanisms in systemic disease (hematologic & metabolic)

Elucidating the Pathogenic Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Hematologic Disorders: Mechanistic Insights and Future Perspectives.

This mechanistic review synthesized evidence on how Helicobacter pylori infection contributes to hematologic disorders, focusing on iron deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin B12 deficiency, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The key finding is that H. pylori–associated pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving chronic inflammation and cytokine dysregulation (among other mechanisms) that can drive systemic hematologic effects. The review highlights mechanistic targets and future research directions that could inform improved prevention and treatment of H. pylori–linked hematologic disease.

Fathalizade K, Sabzehali F, Doulberis M et al. · Helicobacter · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A Bidirectional Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Hyperlipidemia: Clinical Evidence and Mechanistic Insights.

This study examined a bidirectional association between Helicobacter pylori infection and hyperlipidemia in 57,295 adults with documented H. pylori status and detailed lipid profiles, including the non-HDL-C to HDL-C ratio (NHHR), and then mechanistically validated findings using in vitro and in vivo H. pylori PMSS1 infection models. The key finding was that H. pylori infection correlated with higher LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, lower HDL cholesterol, and an elevated NHHR, supported by single-cell RNA sequencing, molecular analyses, histopathology, and lipidomics. These results suggest H. pylori may contribute to systemic lipid dysregulation, supporting consideration of H. pylori status in cardiovascular/metabolic risk assessment and motivating mechanistic studies for targeted interventions.

Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Li S et al. · Helicobacter · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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H. pylori treatment regimens (eradication, rescue, comparative trials/meta-analyses)

Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan-Based Dual Therapies With Different Antibiotics Versus Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Prospective, Four-Arm, Randomized Controlled Trial.

In a prospective four-arm randomized controlled trial, H. pylori–infected patients were assigned to vonoprazan-based dual therapies using different antibiotics—VA (vonoprazan + amoxicillin), VT (vonoprazan + tetracycline), VM (vonoprazan + minocycline)—or to vonoprazan–amoxicillin–clarithromycin (VACB), and these were compared with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT). The key finding was the comparative efficacy, safety, and adherence of these vonoprazan-based regimens versus BQT for H. pylori eradication. This head-to-head evidence supports selecting simplified vonoprazan-based regimens as potential alternatives to BQT, balancing eradication success with tolerability and adherence.

Li J, Li DH, Guo QQ et al. · Helicobacter · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

High-Dose Dual Therapy Versus Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy as Rescue Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared high-dose dual therapy (HDDT; PPI/PCAB plus amoxicillin ≥3 g/day, ≥TID) with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) for Helicobacter pylori rescue treatment using head-to-head rescue RCTs identified through December 16, 2025. The key finding was the pooled comparative effectiveness and safety of HDDT versus BQT in patients requiring rescue after prior treatment failure. Clinically, the results address the pill-burden and adverse-event concerns of BQT and inform evidence-based rescue regimen choice.

Zhang L, Liu J, Li D et al. · Helicobacter · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Colorectal surgery outcomes & bowel management interventions

Sex-based differences on pre-operative anxiety and functional outcomes after ACL reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study on 398 patients.

This retrospective cohort study of 398 patients assessed sex-based differences in pre-operative anxiety and postoperative functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and examined whether preoperative anxiety influenced recovery. The key finding was that sex-related differences in psychological and/or functional outcomes after ACLR were present and that preoperative anxiety may be associated with postoperative recovery patterns. Clinically, the results support incorporating anxiety screening and sex-informed rehabilitation planning to improve ACLR outcomes.

Lemé C, Mouarbes D, Alayane A et al. · Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Nonadvanced Adenoma Number and Size as Predictors of Metachronous Advanced Colorectal Neoplasm: Implications for Surveillance Guidelines.

This retrospective cohort study assessed whether nonadvanced adenoma (NAA) number and size predict metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasm (ACN) in 16,870 adults aged 50–75 undergoing at least two colonoscopies (2004–2023). Higher NAA counts and specific size categories (diminutive ≤5 mm vs small 6–9 mm) were used to stratify subsequent ACN risk over a median 5.3-year follow-up using inverse probability of censoring weighting and Cox regression. The findings aim to refine surveillance guidelines by moving beyond lesion count alone to incorporate NAA size-based risk stratification.

Kim J, Kim H, Bae JH et al. · Gastroenterology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Transanal irrigation for low anterior resection syndrome treatment: international multicentre randomized clinical trial.

This international multicentre randomized clinical trial studied whether transanal irrigation (TAI) improves major low anterior resection syndrome in adults (≥18 years) with a low anterior resection syndrome score >30 at least 12 months after low anterior resection across four European centers. TAI was compared 1:1 with best supportive care, with feasibility defined as treatment adherence or switch of therapy as the primary endpoint. If effective, TAI could become a practical, non-surgical bowel-management option to reduce long-term bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection.

Civilka I, Klimovskij M, Aleinikov A et al. · BJS open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Kidney & electrolyte homeostasis (potassium/ECF-ICF)

Quantitative Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Contributions to ECF K+ Homeostasis.

This study investigated how skeletal muscle contributes to extracellular fluid (ECF) K+ homeostasis in resting rats using stable isotope-based tracer modeling to track newly administered K+ tracer distribution between extrarenal tissues and the kidney. The authors report that ~98% of the administered K+ tracer was taken up by extrarenal tissues rather than excreted by the kidney within 5 hours, supporting rapid ECF–intracellular fluid (ICF) K+ exchange driven largely by skeletal muscle. These findings refine mechanistic understanding of K+ handling and may inform future strategies for treating disorders of potassium balance.

Youn JH, Gili S, Oh Y et al. · American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Genetic predisposition & germline risk (cancer/pituitary/VS/NF2)

Endometriosis and ovarian cancer: epidemiological evidence, molecular insights, and clinical decision-making.

This review synthesized epidemiologic and molecular evidence linking endometriosis—especially ovarian endometrioma—to ovarian cancer risk and discussed implications for clinical decision-making. It found that endometriosis is associated with an approximately 2-fold increased risk of ovarian cancer (notably clear cell and endometrioid subtypes) while the absolute lifetime risk remains relatively low (about 1.9%), and it highlighted shared somatic alterations such as ARID1A, PIK3CA, and KRAS. These insights help clinicians balance relative risk versus absolute risk and support more informed diagnostic and management strategies for patients with endometriosis.

Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Vignali M, Kvaskoff M et al. · Human reproduction update · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Vestibular schwannoma: genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, hearing loss, and emerging therapies.

This narrative review synthesized genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying vestibular schwannoma (VS) beyond NF2 loss and summarized emerging therapies, including evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. The key finding is that interconnected signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation contribute to Schwann cell tumorigenesis and hearing loss, and that multiple Phase 1–3 interventional trials are underway. Scientifically and clinically, the review frames VS as a molecularly targetable disease and highlights epigenetic/signaling pathways as potential therapeutic entry points.

Otaner F, Himic V, Vargas LO et al. · Journal of neuro-oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A review of targeted therapies for NF2-related vestibular schwannoma: molecular pathogenesis, emerging therapeutics, and future clinical horizons.

This review examined NF2-related vestibular schwannoma driven by NF2 gene mutations in patients with bilateral vestibular schwannomas and summarized molecular mechanisms and emerging targeted therapies. It highlights that loss of merlin (NF2) dysregulates multiple oncogenic pathways including VEGF, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, EGFR/ErbB, PDGFR, and Hippo–YAP, motivating targeted approaches beyond conventional management. The clinical significance is that pathway-specific therapies may better address the multifocal, progressive nature of NF2 tumors and guide future clinical trial directions.

Sokol MK, Ha JH, Li G et al. · Journal of neuro-oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The germline landscape of pituitary adenomas: established and emerging predisposition genes.

This review characterized the germline genetic landscape of pituitary adenomas by summarizing established and emerging predisposition genes in patients with familial clustering, young-onset disease, or syndromic features. It highlights that established germline predisposition genes—MEN1, PRKAR1A, AIP, CDKN1B, GPR101, SDHx, and MAX—remain central, while additional candidate genes are increasingly supported by accumulating evidence. Clinically, the work supports more targeted genetic evaluation and surveillance strategies for patients at higher risk of hereditary pituitary tumor predisposition.

Mignone E, Sorvina A, Torpy DJ et al. · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Single-cell/omics atlases & cellular heterogeneity (immune, skin, lung, testes, etc.)

The temporal architecture of the seminiferous epithelial cycle revealed by spatial transcriptomics.

This study used seqFISH+ spatial transcriptomics to profile 2,653 genes across 867,062 cells in mouse testes to map the seminiferous epithelial cycle and Sertoli-cell programs. It found that Sertoli cells display a cyclic transcriptional profile synchronized with spermatogenesis that persists even in germ-cell–depleted testes (busulfan and W/Wv), albeit with gene-specific dephasing and reduced amplitude, indicating an intrinsic Sertoli cyclic program. This high-resolution temporal atlas supports mechanistic dissection of how retinoic acid–linked differentiation cues coordinate spermatogenesis with a cell-autonomous Sertoli timing program.

Chakravorty A, Yun J, Amrhein H et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Expansion of NKG2A+CD8+ T cells with regulatory signatures distinguish individuals living with HIV-2 from those with HIV-1.

This study compared NKG2A+CD8+ T cells between people living with HIV-2 (PLWH2) and people living with HIV-1 (PLWH1) using spectral flow cytometry and functional stimulation assays. It found that expansion of NKG2A+CD8+ T cells with regulatory signatures distinguished PLWH2 from PLWH1, consistent with HIV-2’s reduced intestinal inflammation despite ongoing viral replication. These results implicate NKG2A+ regulatory CD8+ T-cell programs as a potential immunologic mechanism underlying HIV-2–associated protection and as a candidate target for therapeutic modulation.

Orta Resendiz A, Petitdemange C, Lazzerini M et al. · Med (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Differential Immune Cell Distribution Between Arterial and Venous Blood in Healthy Rats.

This study examined whether immune cell composition and transcriptional states differ between arterial and venous blood in healthy rats using single-cell RNA sequencing of 119,481 PBMCs plus flow cytometry and protein-level validation. It found enrichment of T cells in arterial blood, while B cells, NK cells, and monocytes were more abundant in venous blood, with naïve T cells enriched in arterial blood and CD8+ effector memory T cells increased in venous blood. The results suggest a biologically meaningful arterial–venous immune heterogeneity that could affect how immune sampling and interpretation are performed in experimental studies.

Lai S, Li L, Yang S et al. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Single-Cell transcriptomics unveils metabolic and cellular dysregulation in striae gravidarum.

This study used integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to map cellular and metabolic dysregulation in human striae gravidarum (SG), focusing on fibroblast heterogeneity and intercellular communication. The key finding was that SG shows distinct fibroblast subpopulation dynamics and metabolic reprogramming consistent with disrupted dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. These insights identify cellular targets and pathways that may be leveraged for future mechanistic therapies for SG.

Cheng Y, Liang C, Cai Z et al. · The British journal of dermatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Immune cell regulation & fibrosis (T cells, macrophage pathways, liver fibrosis)

Risankizumab versus Deucravacitinib in Adults With Moderate Plaque Psoriasis: 16-Week Results from the Phase 4 IMMpactful Trial.

This phase 4 IMMpactful trial compared the IL-23 pathway drugs risankizumab versus deucravacitinib in biologic-naïve adults with moderate plaque psoriasis, focusing on 16-week safety and efficacy outcomes. The key finding was the relative head-to-head performance of risankizumab versus deucravacitinib during period A (baseline to week 16) in this treatment-naïve population. The results are clinically relevant for selecting first-line systemic therapy options for moderate plaque psoriasis based on comparative efficacy and tolerability.

Magnolo N, Soung J, Frew J et al. · Dermatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Gender influence on ultrasound-assessed therapeutic response in rheumatoid arthritis: Insights from the GENder on UltraSound (GENUS) study.

This observational GENUS (GENder on UltraSound) study assessed whether ultrasound-measured response to targeted therapy in rheumatoid arthritis differs by sex in women and men matched by age and gender-balanced across multiple centers. At 3 months, changes in blinded B-mode and Doppler synovitis and the Global EULAR-OMERACT Synovitis Score were compared between sexes to determine sex-specific therapeutic response patterns. The study’s clinical significance is identifying whether sex should be considered when interpreting ultrasound response to targeted RA therapies.

Molina-Collada J, Jiménez-Núñez FG, Ortiz-Márquez F et al. · Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The impact of hypoxia and glycolysis on liver fibrosis.

This study investigated hypoxia-, glycolysis-, and lactylation-related genes (HGLRGs) in liver fibrosis (LF) by analyzing transcriptomic LF datasets, validating findings with single-cell transcriptomics, and building co-expression networks. It identified seven upregulated HGLRGs—CHST4, FABP5, GPC3, SOX9, SRPX, IFI16, and ISG20—with strong diagnostic performance and explored immune associations and candidate therapeutic agents. These results suggest a gene signature and mechanistic links that could support diagnosis and targeted treatment development for LF.

Li Y, Qin F, Su H et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-World Effectiveness of Upadacitinib for Perianal Crohn’s Disease: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study.

This multicenter retrospective real-world study evaluated upadacitinib (UPA) effectiveness in adults with active perianal Crohn’s disease (pCD) across 10 North American centers. The primary outcome was clinical response defined by a ≥3-point reduction in the Perianal Disease Activity Index (PDAI), with secondary clinical remission and radiologic outcomes (including CRP changes) assessed. The study’s significance is that it extends evidence beyond phase 3 trials by characterizing real-world clinical and radiologic responses to UPA in pCD.

Devi J, Patel A, Quraishi B et al. · Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

siRNA JNJ-73763989 decreases HBsAg and HDV RNA in NA-treated hepatitis D patients but may cause ALT flares.

This phase 2 REEF-D study evaluated the siRNA JNJ-73763989 (JNJ-3989) in 22 adults with chronic hepatitis D (CHD) to test whether reducing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) would decrease hepatitis D virus (HDV) RNA and affect alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. In a randomized 4:1 design, participants received JNJ-3989 100 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks plus nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) for 144 weeks (active arm) or deferred JNJ-3989 after 52 weeks of placebo plus NA (deferred arm), with NA continued during follow-up. The clinical significance is that while HBsAg-targeting may reduce HDV RNA, the study also highlights the risk of ALT flares, informing benefit–risk considerations for CHD therapy.

Wedemeyer H, Gane E, Agarwal K et al. · Journal of hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Inflammation-Induced Claudin-2 Upregulation Limits Pancreatitis Development by Enhancing Pancreatic Ductal Transport.

This study investigated the role of the tight-junction protein CLDN2 (claudin-2), a gene implicated by X-linked CLDN2 polymorphisms in chronic pancreatitis risk, in pancreatitis onset and progression using human pancreatic tissue, mouse pancreatitis models, pancreatic ductal epithelial organoids, and isolated mouse pancreatic ducts. Inflammation-induced CLDN2 upregulation limited pancreatitis development by enhancing pancreatic ductal transport, linking cytokine signaling to CLDN2-mediated protection against injury. These mechanistic data suggest CLDN2 as a potential therapeutic target or biomarker pathway for modulating pancreatitis susceptibility.

Kesaraju S, Li Y, Xing J et al. · Gastroenterology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

TROPION-Urothelial03: a phase II/III study of datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

This global randomized phase II/III trial (TROPION-Urothelial03) evaluated datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), a TROP2-directed antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma after progression on enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab, comparing Dato-DXd plus platinum chemotherapy versus gemcitabine plus platinum. The study was designed to determine whether adding Dato-DXd improves efficacy and safety outcomes in this post-EV/pembro setting. If positive, it would establish a new treatment option targeting TROP2 with an ADC mechanism for a clinically unmet need in la/mUC.

Galsky MD, Drakaki A, Basu A et al. · Future oncology (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Feasibility, Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of 1:1 THC:CBD Cannabis Oil for Fibromyalgia Symptoms: Results From a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial studied feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of a 1:1 THC:CBD cannabis oil (10 mg/mL each) in 24 adults with fibromyalgia. It found the intervention was feasible and assessed tolerability over a 4-week titration followed by 12 weeks of stable dosing, with secondary evaluation across fibromyalgia symptom domains. The significance is that it supports early clinical evidence for cannabinoid-based therapy and helps determine whether larger efficacy trials are warranted.

Kurlyandchik I, Tiralongo E, Lauche R et al. · Pain research & management · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Benefits of eptinezumab on patient-reported disease burden and health-related quality of life in adults with chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache: Results from the placebo-controlled RESOLUTION trial.

This analysis of the phase 4 RESOLUTION trial evaluated patient-reported outcomes in adults with chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache (CM+MOH) treated with eptinezumab versus placebo plus a brief educational intervention. It reports that adding eptinezumab—an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody—improved patient-reported disease burden and health-related quality of life measures compared with placebo. The significance is that it extends clinical efficacy to patient-centered outcomes relevant for treatment selection and long-term value in CM+MOH.

Tepper SJ, Schytz HW, Jensen RH et al. · Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The m6A Reader IGF2BP2 Regulates Schwann Cell Autophagy and Neurotrophin Expression via EGR1 in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

This experimental study investigated how the m6A reader IGF2BP2 regulates Schwann cell autophagy and neurotrophin expression via EGR1 in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) using high-glucose models in RSC96 Schwann cells and sciatic nerves from type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. It showed that high glucose increased IGF2BP2 levels while reducing autophagy and neurotrophin expression, and linked IGF2BP2 to metabolic and immune-related parameters with mechanistic involvement of EGR1. The significance is that targeting the IGF2BP2–EGR1 axis could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to restore Schwann cell function in DPN.

Wei W, Li F, Jin T et al. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

CD4+ T cells promote fibrosis during metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

This work investigated how CD4+ T cells drive fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) using integrated single-cell proteomic and transcriptomic profiling plus functional experiments in murine and human MASH. The authors report a profound shift in the CD4+ T-cell landscape associated with fibrotic progression, supporting a causal role for CD4+ T-cell–mediated immune orchestration in MASH. Scientifically, it advances CD4+ T cells as a potential therapeutic target to limit fibrosis in progressive steatotic liver disease.

Valenzuela-Pérez L, Kim Lee HS, Bayer RL et al. · Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Oncology: tumor microenvironment, resistance, and targeted therapy mechanisms

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory role of LIPE in lipid metabolism and tumor-associated macrophage polarization in breast cancer.

This transcriptomic study investigated the regulatory role of LIPE (hormone-sensitive lipase) in breast cancer lipid metabolism and tumor-associated macrophage polarization using public gene-expression datasets. Bioinformatic analyses (GEO-based transcriptomics with GO/KEGG enrichment and expression interrogation via TNMplot/GEPIA) identified LIPE-associated pathways linking lipid metabolism to immune microenvironment changes, including macrophage polarization signatures. The findings suggest LIPE as a mechanistic node connecting tumor lipid remodeling to macrophage-driven tumor progression in breast cancer.

Feng X, Jiang Q, He Y et al. · Pathology, research and practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Mitochondrial DNA-mediated cGAS-STING activation and its crosstalk with NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This review examined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-mediated activation of the cGAS–STING pathway and its crosstalk with the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The key finding was that tobacco smoke–driven oxidative stress and mtROS promote mtDNA release and downstream innate immune signaling, which can converge on NLRP3 inflammasome activation to amplify lung inflammation. This mechanistic framework identifies the mtDNA–cGAS–STING–NLRP3 axis as a potential target for anti-inflammatory strategies in COPD.

Jindal D, Chopra V, Garg K et al. · Cytokine & growth factor reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

cGAS-STING pathway regulated by spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment and precision therapy strategies in lung cancer.

This review analyzed how spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the lung tumor microenvironment (TME) regulates the cGAS–STING innate immune pathway and how this affects precision therapy strategies in lung cancer. It emphasizes the pathway’s dual role—driving anti-tumor immunity in some contexts while promoting immune escape and metastasis in others—depending on regional and temporal TME features. The significance is that mapping TME heterogeneity could improve patient selection and timing for cGAS–STING–based therapies.

Ye JY, Pan Y, Li M et al. · Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neuron-tumor interplay in colorectal cancer: from mechanisms of onset and progression to targeted therapies.

This review summarized mechanisms of neuron–tumor interplay in colorectal cancer (CRC), focusing on how the enteric nervous system (ENS) and neural signaling influence CRC initiation, progression, invasion, and immune regulation. It integrates emerging cancer neuroscience concepts with therapeutic implications, emphasizing neuro-immune and neuro-stromal crosstalk as drivers of malignancy. The significance is a mechanistic rationale for developing targeted therapies that consider neural regulation in CRC.

ChenLiu Z, Tang D · Cell communication and signaling : CCS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A multi-omics dissection of INHBA+ CAF-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune suppression in colorectal cancer.

This study used multi-omics approaches to dissect how INHBA-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (INHBA+ CAFs) drive epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune suppression in colorectal cancer (CRC). It combined single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial validation (including high-resolution Xenium in situ transcriptomics and public spatial transcriptomics) to map spatial/functional heterogeneity of CAF subpopulations and their interactions with tumor and immune compartments. The significance is identifying INHBA+ CAF programs as actionable targets to counter EMT and immune evasion in CRC.

Wang J, He Q, Hu J et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Co-targeting CDK4/6 and MEK reverses mesenchymal transition in therapy-refractory BRAF-altered pediatric high-grade glioma.

This preclinical study investigated whether co-targeting CDK4/6 and MEK can overcome resistance in BRAF-altered pediatric high-grade glioma models, using BRAF-mutant cell systems and human-to-organoid transplant (HOT) models. The key finding was that CDK4/6 inhibition combined with MEK inhibition reversed mesenchymal transition and improved anti-tumor effects compared with single-agent approaches, with associated changes in viability/apoptosis/senescence and signaling pathways. The results suggest a rational combination strategy for therapy-refractory BRAF-altered pHGG, potentially informing future targeted clinical trials.

Mayr L, Mager L, Gabler-Pamer L et al. · Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multi‑omics identification of MSI2 as a super-enhancer‑driven vulnerability in MYCN‑amplified neuroblastoma.

This study used multi-omics approaches to identify MSI2 as a super-enhancer-driven vulnerability in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, focusing on enhancer biology marked by H3K27ac and super-enhancer occupancy. The key finding was that MSI2 is regulated by super-enhancers and represents a therapeutically exploitable dependency in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, consistent with its role in proliferation and tumor state regulation. Scientifically, it highlights MSI2 as a candidate target and provides a super-enhancer framework for vulnerability discovery in high-risk neuroblastoma.

Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhang M et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GPCR kinases shape ACKR4 functions via differential C-terminal phosphorylation.

This study examined how GPCR kinases regulate the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4 by differential C-terminal serine/threonine phosphorylation in ACKR4 trafficking and chemokine uptake. The authors identified specific tail serine/threonine residues that control steady-state receptor trafficking and βarrestin-biased cycling between plasma membrane and endosomal compartments, thereby shaping CCL19 availability. These findings clarify a phosphorylation “code” for ACKR4 function and suggest kinase–tail residue targeting as a way to modulate chemokine scavenging in inflammatory settings.

Gerken OJ, Warmers R, Hild C et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Methyltransferase MGMT upregulation drives metastasis by activating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in KRAS mutant colon cancer.

This work investigated whether upregulation of the DNA repair methyltransferase MGMT drives metastasis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer using clinical cohort analyses and orthotopic metastasis models. MGMT was found to be upregulated in KRAS-mutant tumors, associated with liver metastasis, and functionally promoted metastatic progression via EMT. Clinically, MGMT emerges as a mechanistic epigenetic facilitator and potential therapeutic target to limit metastasis and treatment resistance in KRAS-mutant CRC.

Liu G, Zhang J, Li Q et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Disrupting SOX2 self-association and condensate formation to overcome chemotherapeutic drug resistance in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

This study assessed how SOX2 amplification contributes to chemotherapy resistance in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) by promoting SOX2 biomolecular condensate formation through phase separation. SOX2 condensates acted as protective compartments that physically sequestered chemotherapeutic drugs, reducing intracellular target availability and cytotoxicity. Targeting SOX2 self-association/condensate formation could therefore overcome drug resistance in SOX2-amplified LSCC.

Wang J, Wen Y, Huang S et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multi-omics analysis reveals LARP1 as a key integrator of translation and metabolism in AML.

This work used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated LARP1 knockout and multi-omics profiling to define how the mTOR/CDK9 effector RNA-binding protein LARP1 integrates translation and metabolism in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). LARP1 loss impaired AML proliferation and xenograft tumor growth and increased sensitivity to 5-azacytidine and cytarabine, while polysome profiling and RNA-seq showed LARP1 regulates a distinct set of transcripts involved in mitochondrial-related pathways. The study positions LARP1 as a translational–metabolic vulnerability and a potential therapeutic lever in AML.

Nahotko DA, Lee B, Lopez Fajardo E et al. · Oncogenesis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Protein-based pan-RAS inhibitor induces tumor regression in female mice via IFNγ and CD8+ T cell-dependent tumor necrosis.

This study developed a protein-based pan-RAS inhibitor (RRSP-RBD) and tested whether it can induce tumor regression in female mouse xenografts via immune mechanisms. RRSP-RBD (and cell-permeable variants such as RRSP-RBD-DTB) localized to plasma membrane RAS, cleaved RAS to disrupt RAS–effector interactions, inhibited downstream signaling, and drove tumor regression in a manner dependent on IFNγ and CD8+ T cells leading to tumor necrosis. The work suggests a strategy to make RAS “undruggable” targets tractable using intracellular protein cleavage coupled to antitumor immunity.

Nomura TK, Heishima K, Mukai H et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Understanding and overcoming innate and acquired MAPK inhibition resistance in anaplastic thyroid cancer.

This study analyzed mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) using multi-region whole-genome, high-coverage whole-exome, and single-nuclei RNA sequencing of patient tumors treated with type I RAF inhibitor dabrafenib plus trametinib. It found reactivation of the MAPK pathway together with immunosuppressive macrophage proliferation as contributors to acquired resistance, and it identified that ATC cell lines were highly sensitive to the type II RAF inhibitor naporafenib. The findings provide a rationale for overcoming RAFi/MEKi resistance in ATC by switching to type II RAF inhibition and potentially addressing the macrophage-driven immunosuppressive component.

Zeng PYF, Meens J, Karimi AH et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Viral Hepatitis.

This review examined how metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) interacts with chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) and how these combinations affect fibrosis and cancer risk. It concluded that steatosis without metabolic dysfunction may be associated with more favorable HBV outcomes, whereas MASLD with steatohepatitis increases fibrosis progression and hepatocellular carcinoma risk, and that HCV genotype 3 steatosis is virus-driven and improves after viral clearance while other genotypes can remain metabolically driven. The synthesis supports clinical emphasis on treating metabolic parameters alongside antiviral management to reduce long-term liver complications.

Papatheodoridis G, Lekakis V, Esteban R et al. · Clinics in liver disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The role of whole genome sequencing in antimicrobial susceptibility prediction of bacteria: 2025 update from the EUCAST Subcommittee.

This EUCAST Subcommittee update assessed the evolving evidence for using whole genome sequencing (WGS) antimicrobial susceptibility prediction (WGS-ASP) to replace or augment phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in clinical microbiology across bacterial pathogens. The report concludes that, since the 2017 EUCAST position, expanded resistance-mechanism knowledge, improved bioinformatics/ML-AI tools, and growing databases have strengthened WGS-ASP performance, but robustness and clinical decision-readiness still require further standardized evidence and validation. Clinically, the update informs how and when WGS-ASP may be implemented for antimicrobial stewardship and highlights key gaps needed before WGS can reliably guide treatment decisions.

Samuelsen Ø, López-Causapé C, Aarestrup FM et al. · Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

USP48 stabilizes YBX1 to enforce a Wnt-driven stemness circuit and osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

This mechanistic cancer biology study investigated how the deubiquitinase USP48 regulates Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) to drive a Wnt/β-catenin–linked stemness program and acquired osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using CRISPR-Cas9 dropout screening in patient-derived organoids under osimertinib selection, integrated with multi-omics profiling and clinical correlation, the authors identified USP48 as a functionally selected vulnerability factor that stabilizes YBX1 and reinforces Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Scientifically, USP48-YBX1-Wnt signaling emerges as a potential therapeutic target to overcome or prevent osimertinib resistance.

Li KC, Gan S, Lu S et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Various Cancer Drug Resistance.

This narrative review synthesized evidence on how cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to drug resistance across cancer types within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The key finding is that CAFs promote resistance through multiple mechanisms, including cytokine/chemokine secretion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and direct interactions with tumor cells while also shaping immune and endothelial crosstalk. The significance is that CAF-targeting strategies or combination therapies may improve treatment durability by disrupting TME-mediated resistance pathways.

Dang F, Na J, Xiao L et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Oncology: clinical trials & real-world effectiveness (ADC, CAR-T, MDT, radiotherapy, etc.)

Clinical outcomes and spatial transcriptomic profiles of CD19/20 CAR-T therapy in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

This expanded phase I/II study evaluated CD19/20 dual-target CAR-T therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and incorporated spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomics to explain response heterogeneity. The key finding was that clinical outcomes and CAR-T performance (including expansion/persistence) were associated with tumor-intrinsic and microenvironmental spatial transcriptomic features, supporting antigen-escape and persistence limitations as drivers of failure. The work provides a spatial gene-expression framework to predict and potentially improve CD19/20 CAR-T efficacy in R/R B-NHL.

Wang L, Fang C, Zheng Y et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Thromboprophylaxis, pain and organization: How do expert centers manage PIPAC’s perioperative care? An international survey.

This international survey studied how expert centers manage perioperative thromboprophylaxis and pain for Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) practitioners worldwide. The key finding was that perioperative care practices for thromboprophylaxis and analgesia vary internationally, reflecting the lack of standardized guidelines. This highlights an evidence gap and supports the need for harmonized perioperative protocols to improve PIPAC patient safety and comfort.

Fawaz J, Hübner M, Ezanno AC et al. · European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparison of anthracycline plus platinum versus other platinum-based regimens as first-line chemotherapy for untreated thymoma: A retrospective cohort study (NEJ023B).

This retrospective cohort study (NEJ023B) compared first-line platinum-anthracycline chemotherapy versus other platinum-based regimens in untreated advanced thymoma in a large Japanese real-world population. Using propensity score matching (46 matched pairs), the key finding was the comparative effectiveness of platinum-anthracycline regimens on overall response rate and real-world progression-free survival and overall survival relative to non-anthracycline platinum regimens. The results inform treatment selection for unresectable or recurrent thymoma when randomized evidence is limited.

Saito G, Ko R, Shiko Y et al. · Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The evolution of CAR therapies across oncology and autoimmunity: mechanistic insights and therapeutic innovations.

This mechanistic review summarized how CAR-engineered cellular therapies have evolved across oncology and autoimmunity, focusing on design innovations such as costimulatory domain optimization, cytokine-secreting modules, and gene-editing. It highlighted that CD19- and BCMA-directed CAR-T therapies can produce deep, durable remissions in refractory B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma, while newer logic-gated and SynNotch circuit strategies aim to overcome antigen escape. The synthesis supports ongoing therapeutic innovation to improve CAR specificity, persistence, and safety across disease settings.

Abd El-Fattah EE, Hamdy R, Soliman SSM et al. · International immunopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Multi-task deep learning assists detection and diagnosis of gliomas and brain metastases.

This multicenter deep learning study developed a multi-task computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detecting and diagnosing gliomas and brain metastases (BMs) on MRI, using 3909 participants from seven centers to train and test BTSC-Net/BTSC-CAD. The key finding was strong diagnostic performance—segmentation Dice coefficients of ~0.888 (internal) and ~0.872 (external) and classification AUCs of ~0.941 (internal) and ~0.933 (external)—with improved radiologist performance when assisted by BTSC-CAD. Clinically, the system could reduce diagnostic variability and improve accuracy for glioma/BM detection and classification in real-world radiology workflows.

Liu X, Lv K, Du P et al. · NPJ digital medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cell-autonomous control of CAR signaling and receptor shedding via ADAM17-mediated proteolysis.

This study investigated cell-autonomous control of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) signaling and receptor shedding in T cells by exploiting conditional ADAM17 proteolysis after T-cell activation. It identified a minimal 15-aa CD62L-derived motif that drives rapid, reversible activation-induced release (AIR) of a receptor, and embedding AIR into tonic-signaling CARs reduced basal CAR expression (proportional to tonic signaling), curtailing exhaustion and improving antitumor potency, while in non-tonic CARs AIR decreased activation-induced cell death and enhanced T-cell expansion. The work provides a modular protease-regulated safety/fitness switch for CAR design that can tune signaling strength and improve therapeutic performance.

Bjelajac JR, Cañellas-Socias A, Nehra P et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Anti-C5a antibody STSA-1002 for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to viral pneumonia: a phase 1b/2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

This phase 1b/2 multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial studied the anti-C5a monoclonal antibody STSA-1002 in adults aged 18–85 years with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to viral pneumonia (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mmHg). STSA-1002 was administered at 1350 mg or 750 mg on days 1, 3, and 7 (with an optional day-14±1 dose) to evaluate safety and potential clinical benefit versus placebo. If effective and safe, targeting C5a could provide a new immunomodulatory therapy strategy for viral-pneumonia–associated ARDS.

Wang Y, Huang X, Cheng Z et al. · Chest · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogel delivering Poria cocos extracellular vesicles promotes hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

This preclinical study developed an injectable polysaccharide-based hydrogel (CMCNa/SA/HA) to deliver plant-derived Poria cocos extracellular vesicles (PCEVs) for topical treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and tested hair-regenerative effects via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The key finding was that the hydrogel improved delivery/localization and preserved vesicle integrity, leading to enhanced hair regeneration in AGA through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Scientifically, it supports a translational EV formulation approach to overcome low yield and instability of mammalian EV therapeutics.

Luo H, Wang S, Wang H et al. · International journal of biological macromolecules · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Preclinical characterization and phase 1 results of TQB2102, a first-in-class HER2 biparatopic antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

This first-in-human phase 1 study evaluated TQB2102, a HER2 biparatopic antibody-drug conjugate targeting HER2 ECD2/ECD4 epitopes and delivering a topoisomerase I inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors enrolled from 12 centers in China. TQB2102 showed preliminary safety/clinical activity and defined pharmacokinetics across dose-escalation cohorts given intravenously every 3 weeks. These early results support continued clinical development of TQB2102 as a next-generation HER2 ADC strategy for HER2-expressing advanced cancers.

Ruan DY, Lin SY, Huang JJ et al. · Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Long-Term Response to Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report.

This case report described long-term response to the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in a 52-year-old Japanese woman with metastatic metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) confirmed as triple-negative breast cancer after surgery. The patient achieved durable clinical benefit despite MpBC’s generally low response rates to conventional chemotherapy. The report supports consideration of ICI-based therapy in MpBC/TNBC and highlights the potential for sustained responses in selected patients.

Oshima Y, Suzuki T, Fukaya Y et al. · The American journal of case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

[18F]F-FAPI PET/CT is superior to [18F]F-FDG PET/CT for lymph node staging in lung cancer: a pathologically validated study.

This pathologically validated diagnostic study compared [18F]F-FAPI PET/CT with [18F]F-FDG PET/CT for lymph node staging in lung cancer using histopathology as the reference standard. In 32 patients with FDG-positive lymph nodes, [18F]F-FAPI PET/CT demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for identifying metastatic versus benign lymph nodes, confirmed by surgery or EBUS-TBNA of 71 nodes. The results support FAPI PET/CT as a more accurate imaging approach for lung cancer nodal staging, potentially improving staging-driven treatment decisions.

Jiang J, Li B, Mao J et al. · European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Addition of Metastasis-Directed Therapy to Standard of Care for Oligometastatic Solid Tumors: Primary Analysis of All Tumor-Histology Baskets of the Phase II Randomized EXTEND Trial.

This primary analysis of the randomized phase II EXTEND trial tested whether adding metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) to standard-of-care systemic therapy improves progression-free survival in patients with oligometastatic solid tumors. Patients with 1–5 metastases were randomized to MDT+SOC versus SOC within six tumor-histology baskets (breast, pancreas, kidney, two prostate baskets, and Other), with PFS analyzed per protocol within each basket and across prespecified sets. The trial evaluates whether MDT provides a clinically meaningful PFS advantage beyond systemic therapy across multiple histologies, potentially refining management of oligometastatic disease.

Sherry AD, Haymaker C, Wang S et al. · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Extended Versus Standard Hypomethylating Agent Dosing in Combination With Venetoclax in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

This retrospective multi-center study analyzed 335 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (ND-AML) patients treated with venetoclax (Ven) plus either extended hypomethylating agent dosing (10-day decitabine, Dec-10/Ven) or standard-of-care regimens (Dec-5/Ven or azacitidine 7-day, Aza-7/Ven). It compared outcomes between Dec-10/Ven (n=102) and SOC HMA/Ven (n=233) and addressed uncertainty about optimal HMA duration in combination therapy. The significance is that it provides real-world comparative evidence that may inform dosing strategies for HMA/Ven in ND-AML.

Medawar G, Anoma JS, Hill E et al. · Hematological oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Twenty-year results of the randomized European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 22922/10925 evaluating internal mammary chain and medial supraclavicular lymph node irradiation in stage I-III breast cancer.

This report presented 20-year outcomes from the randomized EORTC 22922/10925 trial in patients with stage I–III breast cancer (n=4004) comparing internal mammary chain and medial supraclavicular lymph node irradiation (IM-MS-RT) versus no such irradiation. It found long-term survival and recurrence outcomes after IM-MS-RT with a median follow-up of 22.2 years. The significance is that it provides definitive, long-duration evidence to guide radiotherapy field decisions in early-to-intermediate stage breast cancer.

Kaidar-Person O, Weltens CG, Fortpied C et al. · CA: a cancer journal for clinicians · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dose Reduction of Preoperative Radiotherapy in Myxoid Liposarcoma: The Phase 2 DOREMY Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

This phase 2 DOREMY nonrandomized clinical trial studied the efficacy and toxicity of reduced preoperative radiotherapy dose in adults with myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) enrolled at 9 tertiary sarcoma centers in Europe and the US. The trial was designed to provide long-term follow-up on local control and wound complication outcomes after dose reduction compared with prior evidence from earlier phase 2 studies. If outcomes remain favorable, reduced-dose preoperative radiotherapy could lessen treatment-related toxicity while maintaining control of MLS.

Lansu J, Bovée JVMG, Braam PM et al. · JAMA oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neurobiology & neurodegeneration (glaucoma, Parkinson’s, ALS/FTD, memory/tau)

Baicalein alleviates anxiety symptom in Parkinson’s disease by targeting Sema3A-mediated parvalbumin interneuron dysfunction.

This study investigated whether baicalein alleviates Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated anxiety by targeting semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-mediated parvalbumin (PV) interneuron dysfunction in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model. Baicalein improved anxiety-like behaviors and restored PV interneuron function through modulation of the Sema3A pathway and related perineuronal net (PNN) abnormalities. The results support baicalein as a potential disease-modifying adjunct for non-motor PD symptoms via Sema3A–PV interneuron circuitry.

Dong Y, Zhang X, Zhou X et al. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Transport pathways across the blood-brain barrier for waste clearance and drug delivery.

This review summarized current knowledge on blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport pathways relevant to waste clearance and drug delivery, with emphasis on receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) mechanisms for molecules that cannot cross by paracellular diffusion. The key finding is that multiple BBB transport routes—including RMT—provide actionable targets for delivering drugs, antibodies, and other compounds into the brain, while also influencing how the brain clears waste. Scientifically, the synthesis helps guide therapeutic design for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease by clarifying which BBB transport mechanisms may be exploited.

Gröbner LS, Pietrzik CU · Fluids and barriers of the CNS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pharmacological restoration of impaired autophagy in retinal ganglion cells prevents abnormal mitochondrial accumulation and glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

This experimental study tested whether pharmacologically restoring impaired autophagy in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can prevent mitochondrial accumulation and glaucomatous neurodegeneration, using glaucoma-relevant models focused on RGC/optic nerve pathology. The key finding was that autophagy restoration reduced abnormal mitochondrial accumulation and protected against glaucomatous neurodegeneration compared with impaired-autophagy conditions. Clinically, targeting autophagy in RGCs represents a mechanistic therapeutic direction for glaucoma, including for patients whose vision loss continues despite intraocular pressure control.

Maddineni P, Kaipa BR, Kodati B et al. · Molecular neurodegeneration · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Metabolic stress exacerbates Parkinson’s disease pathology through mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis.

This research tested whether genetically elevated 2-hour post-load glucose causally increases Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk and whether metabolic stress worsens PD pathology using Mendelian randomization and a mouse model combining glucose intolerance with MPTP-induced dopaminergic injury. Hyperglycemia synergized with MPTP to impair mitochondrial respiration, collapse mitochondrial membrane potential and cristae architecture, and exacerbate motor/cognitive deficits, dopaminergic neuron loss, α-synuclein accumulation, and ferroptosis-related pathology. The results support a causal metabolic contribution to PD and implicate mitochondrial dysfunction–linked ferroptosis as a therapeutic intervention point.

Zheng Y, Huang H, Wang S et al. · NPJ Parkinson’s disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

VCP modulation ameliorates pathological features in C9orf72 models.

This study investigated whether modulating the valosin-containing protein (VCP) protein quality control pathway can ameliorate pathological phenotypes in C9orf72 (C9) models of ALS/FTD. In C9 models driven by (G4C2)n repeat expansion and toxic dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) accumulation, VCP modulation improved disease-associated pathological features linked to protein quality control/autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction. These findings support VCP-centered PQC pathway targeting as a potential therapeutic approach for C9orf72-associated neurodegeneration.

Ferrari V, Tedesco B, Cozzi M et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tau T205 phosphorylation modulates engram cell recruitment and remote memory in mice.

This study examined how site-specific tau phosphorylation at threonine 205 (T205) affects engram cell recruitment and remote memory formation in mice. Memory encoding induced tau T205 phosphorylation, which was required for remote memory and regulated engram recruitment while constraining extraneous local cell activation to support efficient recall. These results link physiological tau phosphorylation dynamics to normal memory circuitry and identify T205 as a potential modulator of memory-related dysfunction.

Kosonen R, Stefanoska K, Lin Y et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Transplanting light-dependent reactions for mammalian eye photosynthesis.

This study engineered mammalian corneal cells to perform light-driven photosynthesis by introducing a nanoscale, structurally preserved thylakoid system called LEAF (light-reaction enriched thylakoid NADPH-foundry). LEAF enabled bona fide photosynthetic production of NADPH and ATP via intact photosynthetic electron transport, which alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation by restoring intracellular redox balance and boosting extracellular antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing reactive oxygen species. These findings suggest a platform for cell-based bioenergetics and redox therapy using plant-like light reactions in human tissues.

Xing K, Yan Y, Zhu Z et al. · Cell · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Human PSC-derived sinoatrial node-cardiac plexus assembloids model innervation-associated maturation of pacemaker systems.

This study developed human pluripotent stem cell–derived sinoatrial node–cardiac plexus assembloids by integrating SAN organoids (SANOs) with cardiac ganglionated plexus organoids (CGPOs) and atrial-like cardiac organoids to model neural control of pacemaker function. The tri-assembloid system recapitulated molecular, structural, and electrophysiological features of human pacemaker activity and enabled functional interrogation of pacemaker-to-atrial conduction under neuromodulatory conditions. This provides a human in vitro platform to study how innervation matures pacemaker circuits and to test interventions targeting neuro-cardiac coupling.

Zhang T, Fan L, Yao F et al. · Cell stem cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Nrf2 modulates cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium signal.

This experimental study examined how Nrf2 activation or deficiency affects cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium signaling in primary co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes. Nrf2 activation increased the amplitude of calcium signaling and altered mitochondrial calcium handling, indicating functional cross-talk between the Nrf2 stress-response program and Ca2+-dependent cellular physiology. The results provide mechanistic insight into how antioxidant/metabolic transcriptional control can reshape calcium dynamics relevant to neuroinflammation and stress-related disease.

Preziuso A, Baev AY, Rustamova FR et al. · Redox biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiovascular & metabolic disease (COPD, diabetes/cardiomyopathy, lipids, obesity, CKM)

VCPIP1 drives diabetic cardiomyopathy by deubiquitinating AMPKγ1 and preventing AMPKα-γ subunit assembly in cardiomyocytes.

This study examined how the deubiquitinating enzyme VCPIP1 regulates diabetic cardiomyopathy in cardiomyocytes and in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Cardiomyocyte-specific VCPIP1 knockout ameliorated diabetic cardiac damage, and mechanistic profiling identified AMPKγ1 as a key target, with VCPIP1 deubiquitinating AMPKγ1 and preventing AMPKα–γ subunit assembly. These findings implicate the VCPIP1–AMPKγ1 axis as a potential therapeutic target to restore AMPK signaling and reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy progression.

Han X, Huang Z, Liu G et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Life Expectancy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

This study used the NHLBI Pooled Cohorts Study (8 US general population cohorts) to assess whether COPD is associated with reduced life expectancy and how years of life lost relate to disease severity. The key finding was that COPD corresponded to lower life expectancy and that the magnitude of years of life lost increased with greater disease severity. These estimates support patient counseling and health-policy planning by quantifying COPD’s mortality impact beyond standard death rates.

Bhatt SP, Sun Y, Wang Y et al. · JAMA internal medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Triterpene saponin from Ilex pubescens attenuates ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the lncRNA Hmga2-as1/Sox10/GPX4 axis.

This study examined whether the triterpene saponin from Ilex pubescens modulates lncRNA Hmga2-as1 to regulate ferroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/RI) using MI patient samples after PCI, a rat MI/RI model, and H9c2 OGD/R cells. The compound attenuated cardiomyocyte ferroptosis by inhibiting the lncRNA Hmga2-as1/Sox10/GPX4 axis. These findings suggest a natural-product strategy to therapeutically target lncRNA-driven ferroptotic pathways in MI/RI.

Tian X, Lou Y, Yao X et al. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Hydrogen reshapes the senescent microenvironment of callus to enhance the healing of anti-osteoporotic-drug-induced atypical femoral fracture.

This study tested whether molecular hydrogen reshapes the senescent microenvironment to improve healing of anti-osteoporotic-drug-induced atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) in ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic rats treated with zoledronate (ZOL). Hydrogen treatment reduced persistent pro-senescent/inflammatory signaling and enhanced regenerative outcomes in the AFF fracture model. These findings indicate that hydrogen may counteract bisphosphonate-associated senescence to improve AFF healing.

An Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y et al. · Biomaterials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The cellular ecosystem of skeletal muscle regeneration: molecular mechanisms, pathological disorders, and potential therapeutic strategies.

This review synthesized current evidence on the cellular ecosystem of skeletal muscle regeneration, focusing on molecular mechanisms and pathological disorders across muscle stem cells, immune cells, stromal/vascular/neural components, and extracellular matrix. It highlights key regulatory pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Hippo/YAP, AMPK), epigenetic regulation, metabolic reprogramming, and extracellular vesicle communication as therapeutic targets. Scientifically, it provides an integrated framework to guide future interventions for impaired regeneration in muscle diseases.

Gong J, Xu H, Yao X et al. · Stem cell research & therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cost-Effectiveness of FF/UMEC/VI vs BUD/GLY/FOR in Moderate-to-Very Severe COPD.

This study evaluated the long-term cost-effectiveness of the single-inhaler triple therapy fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) versus budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol (BUD/GLY/FOR) in Colombian patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD using an individual-level microsimulation model from the Colombian public payer perspective. FF/UMEC/VI was found to be cost-effective over the modeled horizon compared with BUD/GLY/FOR, reflecting differences in COPD progression and exacerbation outcomes. These findings support the economic value of FF/UMEC/VI for COPD management in a middle-income setting where payer decisions depend on long-term cost-effectiveness rather than only clinical efficacy.

Buendía JA, Muñoz-Mejía O, Acevedo LFM et al. · BMC health services research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Longitudinal associations of cumulative and repeated-measure patterns of insulin resistance surrogate indices with biological age acceleration and incident cardiovascular disease across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: evidence from CHARLS 2011-2020.

This cohort study assessed how cumulative and repeated-measure patterns of insulin resistance (IR) surrogate indices relate to biological age acceleration and incident cardiovascular disease across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 0–3 in 3948 participants from CHARLS (2011–2020). The key finding was that specific longitudinal IR patterns (derived using cumulative exposure and K-means-based pattern groups across 12 IR surrogates such as TyG and derivatives, METS-IR, CTI, eGDR, and TG/HDL-C) were associated with biological age acceleration and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk. These results support using longitudinal IR patterning to identify earlier CKM-stage individuals at higher risk and to clarify biological aging as a potential mediator.

Han SS, Liu Q, Zhou MQ et al. · Cardiovascular diabetology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of age on clinical outcomes after endovascular therapy for large ischemic stroke.

This subanalysis evaluated the impact of age on clinical outcomes after endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute anterior circulation large ischemic stroke (ASPECTS ≤ 5) using a prospective multicenter registry from 38 Chinese stroke centers (Nov 2021–Feb 2023). The key finding was that age significantly influenced functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale distribution) and likely treatment benefit patterns compared with standard medical treatment (SMT), indicating age-dependent prognosis after EVT. The results are clinically important for risk stratification and counseling when selecting EVT for older versus younger patients with large ischemic strokes.

Zhu H, Li L, Xie Y et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A retrospective audit of weight loss and health outcomes following bariatric surgery at a tertiary public hospital.

This retrospective cohort audit evaluated long-term weight change and obesity-related comorbidity outcomes after bariatric surgery in 203 individuals followed for 1–10 years at a tertiary public hospital. It assessed changes in prevalence of major comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, arthritis/arthralgia, and depression/anxiety. The findings are clinically relevant for benchmarking durable effectiveness and health-outcome trajectories of bariatric surgery in real-world, publicly funded care settings.

Lee JP, Bahamdan A, Franklin J et al. · Obesity research & clinical practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Global Epidemiology, Patient-Reported Outcomes, and Economic Impact.

This review summarized global epidemiology, patient-reported outcomes, and economic impact of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and related steatotic liver disease categories. It reported adult prevalence estimates of MASLD at 30%+ and provided framework definitions for MetALD and ALD based on alcohol thresholds, noting that health-related quality of life, economic burden, and adverse outcomes (fibrosis, cirrhosis, cancer, mortality) generally worsen with greater alcohol contribution and/or multiple cardio-metabolic risk factors. These data highlight the public-health and clinical importance of MASLD terminology and risk stratification for improving recognition and management.

Paik JM, Henry L, AlNaamani K et al. · Clinics in liver disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

DURABILITY OF PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION: DOES THE PULSED FIELD ABLATION SYSTEM MATTER?

This study compared chronic pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) durability and pulmonary vein reconnection patterns after de novo pulsed field ablation (PFA) using two catheter platforms: FARAPULSE (pentaspline) versus VOLT (balloon-in-basket). In a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing repeat ablation at two centers (May 2023 to September 2025), it evaluated whether lesion durability differed between PFA systems. The results are clinically significant because PVI durability is the main determinant of atrial fibrillation ablation success and platform choice may affect long-term recurrence risk.

Kakarla S, Iwakawa H, Ariyaratnam JP et al. · Heart rhythm · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis as causal drivers of psychiatric disorders: A two-stage Mendelian randomization study grounded in the gut-brain-skin axis.

This exploratory randomized controlled trial studied whether protein supplementation alters in vivo protein synthesis rates across multiple musculoskeletal tissues (skeletal muscle, bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, meniscus, and periarticular soft tissue) in 24 otherwise healthy older adults undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Over a two-week intervention period, the trial assessed tissue responsiveness to additional protein using in vivo measurement of protein synthesis rates. The results are clinically relevant for optimizing nutrition strategies to preserve or improve musculoskeletal health in older adults, particularly around orthopedic surgery.

Li H, Guo Y, Zhang Z et al. · Journal of affective disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2026 American College of Cardiology Conference.

This review summarized cardiovascular disease prevention trial findings presented at the 2026 American College of Cardiology (ACC) conference in populations with established ASCVD and high-risk diabetes. It reports that the Ez-PAVE trial showed LDL-C targets <55 mg/dL reduced major adverse cardiovascular events versus <70 mg/dL, and that evolocumab (from VESALIUS-CV subgroup data) reduced first cardiovascular events in high-risk diabetes without known significant atherosclerosis. The significance is that these results refine lipid-lowering intensity and support PCSK9 inhibitor benefit in specific high-risk groups.

Abdul Jabbar AB, Naeem U, Zulfiqar K et al. · Current atherosclerosis reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Consensus statement on the application of artificial intelligence in osteoporosis screening and management: perspectives from the Asia-Pacific region.

This Asia-Pacific consensus statement evaluated how artificial intelligence (AI) can be safely and effectively applied to osteoporosis screening and management in the region, where DXA access is limited. It concludes that unvalidated AI tools risk inconsistent care and provides harmonized expert recommendations for equitable, safe implementation. The significance is that it sets practical guidance to standardize AI use in osteoporosis pathways and reduce disparities in diagnosis and treatment.

Huang CF, Fang WH, Chen KH et al. · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Creatine monohydrate for lean mass, strength, and bone density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated randomized, placebo-controlled trials of creatine monohydrate supplementation (with or without resistance training) in postmenopausal women aged ≥40–45 years. It synthesized evidence on effects of creatine on lean mass, strength, and bone density using outcomes including DXA-derived measures. The significance is clarifying whether creatine monohydrate can mitigate menopause-associated declines in musculoskeletal health.

Naddafha S, Antonio J, Kreider RB et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Microbiome & host-microbe interactions (gut/lung microbiota, probiotics, sweeteners)

All-in-one: a CGRP-encapsulated Rh-GelMA supramolecular dual-network hydrogel orchestrating immune-vascular coupling for diabetic wound healing.

This study developed a CGRP-encapsulated Rh-GelMA supramolecular dual-network hydrogel (CGRP@Rh-GelMA) for diabetic wound healing and evaluated its effects in vitro and in the context of diabetic wound microenvironment challenges. The hydrogel provided sustained rhein and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release, showed antibacterial activity and ROS scavenging, and reduced neutrophil extracellular trap (NETosis) to support immune–vascular coupling. Clinically, it suggests a multifunctional biomaterial approach to improve diabetic wound repair by simultaneously modulating inflammation and vascular-related healing processes.

Zhou X, Xiang J, Fang H et al. · Journal of nanobiotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Aspergillosis in anorexia nervosa: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

This case report and literature review described two cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) occurring in the context of anorexia nervosa (AN), one male and one female, and summarized the limited prior reports of aspergillosis in AN. The key finding was that severe malnutrition and immune/metabolic alterations in AN may predispose to CPA (and rarely invasive pulmonary aspergillosis), consistent with the small number of published cases. Clinically, it underscores the need to consider fungal infection—particularly CPA—in AN patients with compatible respiratory symptoms and risk factors.

Mercier A, Loridant S, Tetart M et al. · BMC infectious diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pharmabiotics, Phocaeicola dorei, ameliorates cholestatic liver fibrosis by alleviating macrophage efferocytosis of neutrophils.

This study evaluated the pharmabiotic bacterium Phocaeicola dorei in cholestatic liver fibrosis by testing effects on macrophage efferocytosis of neutrophils in human samples and mouse/cell models. P. dorei abundance increased with worsening liver disease in patients, and oral administration in DDC diet mice reduced neutrophil degranulation and efferocytosis-associated fibrotic processes. These data suggest P. dorei as a microbiome-based strategy to ameliorate cholestatic fibrosis by modulating innate immune clearance pathways.

Eom JA, Park IG, Hyun JY et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of IL-4/IL-13 Blockade with Dupilumab on the Microbiome in Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review synthesized evidence on how IL-4/IL-13 blockade with dupilumab alters the microbiome across anatomical sites in type 2 inflammatory diseases. Across 15 included studies (2 randomized trials and 13 observational studies, mostly atopic dermatitis), dupilumab was consistently associated with reduced Staphylococcus aureus on skin, increased microbial diversity, and enrichment of commensal taxa, with fewer data in sinonasal and respiratory conditions. These findings suggest dupilumab may exert immunomodulatory effects that extend to microbiome remodeling, informing future mechanistic and clinical research.

Mari PV, Carriera L, Saviano A et al. · Current allergy and asthma reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Artificial Sweeteners and Gut Microbiota: Mechanistic Insights and Implications for Metabolic Health.

This narrative review summarized mechanistic and clinical evidence linking artificial sweeteners to changes in gut microbiota and metabolic health, focusing on sucralose, saccharin, acesulfame-K, aspartame, and steviol glycosides. Across studies, artificial sweetener exposure was associated with altered microbial diversity, changes in short-chain fatty acid production, and impaired gut barrier integrity, which were proposed to contribute to metabolic dysregulation. The review highlights microbiome-mediated pathways as a key mechanism by which non-nutritive sweeteners may influence metabolic outcomes.

Khattab R · Current nutrition reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Generated automatically on May 18, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.