PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 19, 2026

A curated digest of 94 trending PubMed articles, automatically categorised and summarised across 25 research areas.

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Lifestyle interventions for cardiometabolic/vascular outcomes Microbiome modulation and dysbiosis (probiotics/AMR) Sleep disorders and circadian/wearable sleep metrics Antibiotic/eradication effects on bile acids and antimicrobial resistance Trauma resuscitation and prehospital transfusion strategies Pulmonary fibrosis and antifibrotic therapeutics Cardiac electrophysiology and antiarrhythmic targets Cancer risk prediction and screening biomarkers Neurocognition, dementia risk, and brain injury biomarkers Neurodegeneration mechanisms and stem-cell disease modeling Immune checkpoint therapy biomarkers and immune-related complications Asthma and COPD biologics/targeted therapies (real-world/pooled trials) Cancer microenvironment, metastasis niches, and stromal/CAF remodeling Cancer cell death, immunotherapy enhancement, and engineered immune cells Epigenetics, chromatin regulation, and gene/biomarker stratification Metabolic disease, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk indices Cardiovascular risk, imaging, and prevention strategies Autoimmune/inflammatory disease management (guidelines/registries/therapeutics) Musculoskeletal degeneration and tissue repair (spine/bone/joints) Renal disease, kidney injury, and nephroprotection Endocrine/thyroid safety and hormone-related adverse events Vaccines and infectious disease platforms Rare disease research infrastructure and clinical networks Oncology therapeutics in specific cancers (e.g., RCC, CRC, ovarian, lung, SCLC, meningioma, PDAC) Clinical trial methods, safety monitoring, and real-world implementation

Automated digest · 94 articles · 25 research areas · May 19, 2026

Overview

This week’s PubMed highlights a strong convergence on “precision” approaches—whether by targeting specific molecular pathways, refining patient selection with biomarkers, or tailoring interventions to subgroups. In oncology, multiple studies map how the tumor microenvironment and immune context shape outcomes: IL1B+ tumor-associated macrophage programs drive lung metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma, spatial CAF–metabolite gradients remodel immunity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and tumor-derived SAA1 reprograms FPR2+ macrophages to promote ovarian cancer spread. Across cancers, engineered or immune-activating strategies (e.g., antibody-mediated PROTAC delivery, pyroptosis-amplifying nanoreactors, and spatially informed CAR-T profiling) aim to overcome barriers like poor infiltration, antigen escape, and immunosuppressive metabolic “battlefields.”

Outside cancer, the dominant thread is risk prediction and modifiable physiology. Wearable-derived sleep-wake disruption predicts dementia risk, accelerometer-free real-world biomarkers (e.g., CSF/blood panels in MS, α-synuclein/amyloid seed assays in Parkinson’s) improve prognostic stratification, and protein or cfDNA methylation models refine screening eligibility for lung and liver cancers. Several studies also reinforce lifestyle and metabolic levers—diet/exercise for erectile dysfunction and muscle preservation during calorie restriction, magnesium intake for cardiovascular mortality in chronic neck pain, and insulin-resistance indices (TyG/TyG-BMI, CHG-FI) for cardiometabolic multimorbidity and short-term mortality. Meanwhile, mechanistic work warns that interventions can have unintended downstream effects: H. pylori eradication can remodel bile acids in ways that enhance horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes.

Finally, targeted therapies continue to expand into broader or better-defined populations. In respiratory disease, DORAs for elderly insomnia and ST2/IL-33 pathway inhibition for COPD frequent exacerbations show efficacy beyond traditional eosinophil stratification, while tezepelumab real-world data supports effectiveness across underrepresented groups in severe asthma. In cardiovascular and renal injury, prehospital type O whole blood improves trauma survival, and mechanistic targets (e.g., Insig1–Dapk3 in AKI, VCPIP1–AMPK signaling in diabetic cardiomyopathy) point toward next-generation organ-protective strategies. Overall, the week’s research emphasizes that better outcomes increasingly depend on matching the right intervention to the right biology—measured, modeled, and targeted.

Lifestyle interventions for cardiometabolic/vascular outcomes

Association Analysis Between Dietary Magnesium Intake and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Individuals With Chronic Neck Pain.

This NHANES-based study investigated whether dietary magnesium intake is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adults with chronic neck pain (CNP) using Cox regression, subgroup analyses, and Mendelian randomization-based mediation. Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, with each 1 g/day increment linked to a markedly lower CVD death risk (reported as 78% lower). Clinically, the results support magnesium intake as a potentially modifiable factor for improving long-term cardiovascular outcomes in CNP patients.

Zhao R, Yuan D, Li P et al. · Molecular nutrition & food research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Meta Analysis of DHA and EPA Supplementation on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Atrial Fibrillation Risk.

This meta-analysis evaluated whether omega-3 supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affects cardiovascular outcomes and atrial fibrillation risk in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). Across included studies, the analysis assessed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and atrial fibrillation (AF), including postoperative AF (POAF), while accounting for heterogeneity in formulation and dosing. The significance is to clarify the net cardiovascular and arrhythmia benefit (or lack thereof) of EPA/DHA supplementation for CVD patients.

Shayan SK, Abbood RS, Al-Taie SF et al. · Pharmacology research & perspectives · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Adhesive Capsulitis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study of the European Population.

This study used a hospital-based case-control design (200 adhesive capsulitis cases and 200 controls) and a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization framework to test whether hypertension and dyslipidemia causally influence risk of adhesive capsulitis in a European population. The key finding was that genetic evidence supported (or refuted) a causal relationship between specific blood pressure and lipid traits and adhesive capsulitis risk, addressing confounding and reverse causation limitations of observational studies. Establishing causality would inform prevention strategies and potential targeting of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors to reduce adhesive capsulitis incidence.

Wang J, Xin Y, Li B et al. · Genetics research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effects of Calorie Restriction With and Without Strength, Endurance or Mixed Training on Fat-Free and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Overweight or Obese Individuals-A Systematic Review With Pairwise Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials (n=1455) in overweight or obese individuals compared calorie restriction (CR) alone versus CR combined with strength, endurance, or mixed exercise on fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The random-effects analysis found that adding exercise to CR significantly improved FFM (pooled mean difference favoring CR plus exercise), addressing the concern that CR can reduce muscle mass. Clinically, the results support prescribing exercise alongside CR to better preserve lean mass and potentially reduce frailty risk in overweight/obese patients.

Deller M, Weiershaus J, Held S et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Trends in Diet Quality and Associated Comprehensive Environmental Impacts in the United States, 2001-2018: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

This serial cross-sectional study used data from 25,678 U.S. adults aged ≥20 years across nine NHANES cycles (2001–2018) to evaluate longitudinal trends in diet quality and their comprehensive environmental impacts, including socioeconomic disparities. It assessed six validated diet quality indices and four environmental impact metrics to characterize how diet patterns and environmental burdens changed over time. The findings link diet quality trajectories to environmental sustainability and equity considerations, informing public health policies that target both health and environmental outcomes.

Chen Z, Han X, Zhang H et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated randomized controlled trials in adult men with erectile dysfunction (ED) testing diet-only, exercise-only, or combined diet-and-exercise lifestyle interventions versus usual care/standard treatment/no intervention. Lifestyle interventions improved erectile function outcomes overall, with diet and/or exercise showing beneficial effects compared with control conditions. These findings support lifestyle modification as an evidence-based, nonpharmacologic strategy to improve ED and potentially reflect broader vascular/metabolic health benefits.

Li T, He X, Huang W et al. · The journal of sexual medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Microbiome modulation and dysbiosis (probiotics/AMR)

Systems-level restoration of vaginal and gut microbiota by lactobacillus helveticus 20 838 alleviates Gardnerella vaginalis-induced dysbiosis.

This study investigated the probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus 20 838 in a murine vaginitis model of Gardnerella vaginalis-induced dysbiosis, assessing both ecological effects on vaginal/gut microbiota and immunological responses. L. helveticus 20 838 restored vaginal and gut microbiota composition and alleviated G. vaginalis-driven dysbiosis, supported by comparative genomics showing distinct adaptive and antimicrobial traits relative to the reference strain DPC4571. Clinically, this provides preclinical rationale for L. helveticus 20 838 as a targeted probiotic approach to bacterial vaginosis-associated microbiome disruption.

Kim J, Kim WI, Lee K et al. · The ISME journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sleep disorders and circadian/wearable sleep metrics

Digital Sleep-Wake Cycle Metrics and Dementia Prediction in Older Adults.

This prospective cohort study examined whether accelerometer-derived digital sleep-wake cycle metrics predict incident dementia and improve dementia risk prediction models in older adults using UK Biobank (derivation; 103,278 participants) and Whitehall II (validation). Disrupted sleep-wake cycle patterns were associated with higher risk of developing dementia and added predictive value beyond age and known risk factors. These findings suggest that wearable-derived sleep-wake metrics could support earlier dementia risk stratification.

Cavaillès C, Danilevicz IM, Vidil S et al. · JAMA neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Treatment of chronic insomnia in elderly adults with dual orexin receptor antagonists: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized randomized controlled trial evidence in elderly adults with chronic insomnia to evaluate dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs). DORAs improved insomnia outcomes and were generally well tolerated in older patients, addressing the evidence gap specific to this age group. The results strengthen the clinical case for DORA use in elderly chronic insomnia while informing safety/efficacy expectations in a population vulnerable to adverse drug effects.

Rollo E, Antonioni A, Manzoli L et al. · Sleep · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Antibiotic/eradication effects on bile acids and antimicrobial resistance

Bile acid metabolism dysregulation following Helicobacter pylori eradication promotes plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in the gut microbiome.

This mechanistic study examined how Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy alters bile acid metabolism and promotes plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in the gut microbiome using integrated metagenomics, metabolomics, in vitro plasmid conjugation assays, and mouse models. After H. pylori eradication, gut metabolic remodeling enhanced horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including expansion of Escherichia populations and enrichment of plasmid-borne ARGs. Scientifically, it links post-eradication bile acid changes to increased AMR dissemination risk, highlighting a potential unintended consequence of antibiotic-based therapy.

Zhang P, Zhao M, Cheng Z et al. · The ISME journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Trauma resuscitation and prehospital transfusion strategies

Prehospital Resuscitation with Type O Whole Blood for Trauma and Hemorrhage.

This pragmatic, multicenter phase 3 cluster-randomized trial studied prehospital transfusion strategies in trauma patients treated by 44 air medical bases, comparing up to 2 units of type O whole blood versus as-indicated blood components (plasma, red cells, or both). Whole blood use reduced 30-day all-cause mortality compared with component therapy, with effects potentially influenced by storage time between donation and transfusion. The findings support implementing type O whole blood in prehospital hemorrhage protocols to improve survival in trauma systems of care.

Sperry JL, Guyette FX, Cotton BA et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Pulmonary fibrosis and antifibrotic therapeutics

Phase 3 Trials of Inhaled Treprostinil for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Two double-blind phase 3 randomized trials (TETON-1 and TETON-2) studied inhaled treprostinil versus placebo in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), with forced vital capacity (FVC) change at week 52 as the primary endpoint. In the combined results, inhaled treprostinil improved FVC and reduced clinical worsening compared with placebo. This provides high-level evidence for inhaled treprostinil as an effective antifibrotic therapy strategy in IPF.

Nathan SD, Smith P, Deng C et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Andrographolide attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by covalently targeting Ptges3 and disrupting the Ptges3-Hsp90-NF-κB axis.

This study investigated andrographolide’s mechanism in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to identify covalent targets in macrophages. It showed that andrographolide covalently targets Ptges3 and disrupts the Ptges3–Hsp90–NF-κB axis, thereby attenuating pulmonary fibrosis. The results support Ptges3 as a direct molecular target and the Ptges3–Hsp90–NF-κB pathway as a mechanistic driver for antifibrotic therapy.

Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Wang C et al. · Journal of advanced research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cardiac electrophysiology and antiarrhythmic targets

Cardiac α4β2 nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target for fatal ventricular arrhythmias.

This study investigated cardiac α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α4β2 nAChRs) as a therapeutic target for fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias using pharmacological screening for positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and structure-based drug design. Identified α4β2 nAChR PAMs showed antiarrhythmic activity and reduced fatal ventricular arrhythmia risk in experimental models. Targeting ventricular α4β2 nAChRs may offer a mechanism-based antiarrhythmic approach with potentially lower proarrhythmic risk than existing therapies.

Xie D, Min W, Wang G et al. · European heart journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Variation in SNX29 and Acute Vasodilator Response in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

This study investigated genetic determinants of acute vasodilator response in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), focusing on variation in SNX29 and related loci, using national cohorts and genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches. The key finding was that specific genetic variants (including rs8057488 near the SNX29 region) were associated with differences in hemodynamic response to PAH-specific vasodilators, and these loci were functionally tested in cell culture and a hypoxic mouse model. Scientifically, the results link SNX29-associated genetic variation to vasodilator responsiveness, potentially informing mechanisms and future stratification of patients with vasodilator-responsive PAH.

Karnes JH, Bao C, Liang S et al. · Circulation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer risk prediction and screening biomarkers

Biomarker-Based Eligibility for Lung Cancer Screening: Validation of the Protein-Based INTEGRAL-Risk Model.

This study developed and validated a protein-based Integrative Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk and Etiology (INTEGRAL)-Risk model for lung cancer screening eligibility in individuals with a smoking history from general-population cohorts across the US, Europe, Asia, and Australia. The INTEGRAL-Risk protein model improved identification of individuals at risk who would otherwise be missed by low-dose CT eligibility criteria. Clinically, this supports using blood protein biomarkers to refine who should receive lung cancer screening.

Zahed H, Feng X, Alcala K et al. · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A multi-centre, prospective trial of a methylation-based liquid biopsy for early detection of liver cancer in high-risk populations.

This multi-centre prospective trial studied a methylation-based circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA) liquid biopsy for early detection of liver cancer in high-risk chronic liver disease populations. The authors selected three liver-specific cfDNA methylation markers—RNF135, CHFR, and PAX5—to build a diagnostic model tuned in a training set (N=280) and intended for locked prospective validation. If validated, this methylation cfDNA panel could improve early hepatocellular carcinoma detection beyond imaging and conventional serum markers in high-risk carriers.

Zhang R, Yang X, Li G et al. · Clinical and translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Unlocking beta cell health: The clinical potential of extracellular vesicles in type 1 diabetes.

This narrative review assessed the clinical potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as biomarkers for beta-cell health in type 1 diabetes (T1D). It highlights that EV-based readouts may better reflect real-time beta-cell stress and immune activity than current tools for early detection, staging, progression prediction, and monitoring therapeutic response. If translated clinically, EV biomarkers could enable more personalized and timely T1D interventions by improving monitoring of disease biology.

Jayabalan N, Carrion F, Joshi K et al. · Clinical and translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: Indicators of disease activity, progression, and treatment response.

This review summarizes evidence on fluid biomarkers measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood for multiple sclerosis (MS), focusing on indicators of disease activity, progression, and treatment response. Key biomarkers highlighted include neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), CHI3L1, CXCL13, osteopontin (OPN), leptin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Clinically, these biomarkers aim to detect subclinical inflammation and neurodegeneration that MRI and standard exams may miss, improving monitoring and therapeutic decision-making in MS.

Tahmasbi Arashlow F, Fekri M, Salarvandian S et al. · Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neurocognition, dementia risk, and brain injury biomarkers

High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation During Pregnancy and Test-Based Cognitive Performance at Age 10 Years: A Post Hoc Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

This post hoc secondary analysis of the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 randomized clinical trial assessed whether high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy affects offspring cognitive performance at age 10 years in 700 mother-child pairs. High-dose vitamin D3 did not meaningfully improve test-based cognitive outcomes at age 10 compared with placebo. The results temper expectations that prenatal high-dose vitamin D3 will confer long-term cognitive benefits.

Frederiksen OF, Jepsen JRM, Brustad N et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Amateur Soccer Heading and Acute Elevations in Blood-Based p-Tau217 and S100B.

In a prospective population-based case-control design, this study measured acute changes in blood biomarkers of neural damage—p-Tau217 and S100B—before and after real-life amateur soccer heading in players during organized matches. Heading was associated with acute elevations in these biomarkers shortly after matches, with changes persisting into delayed postmatch sampling. The results link repetitive head impacts from heading to measurable acute neural injury signals, informing risk assessment for soccer-related exposure.

Hoppen MI, Königs M, Teunissen CE et al. · JAMA neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neurodegeneration mechanisms and stem-cell disease modeling

Human iPSC‑based translational and reverse translational research for neurodegenerative diseases: emphasis on ALS and key advances.

This review article summarized how human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are used for translational and reverse translational research in neurodegenerative diseases, with emphasis on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It highlights key advances in patient-specific iPSC disease modeling, drug screening, and studying individual genetic responses to therapy. The review supports iPSC platforms as a bridge between human biology and clinical trial development for neurodegenerative disorders.

Morimoto S, Takahashi S, Okano H · Japanese journal of radiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

LEP Knockdown Improves Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury and Potentially Regulates Microglial Polarization via JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway.

This study investigated leptin (LEP) in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) to determine whether LEP knockdown improves functional recovery and modulates microglial polarization through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Using transcriptome sequencing plus enrichment/PPI and immune infiltration analyses, the authors then silenced LEP with shRNA and found improved motor outcomes alongside changes consistent with altered microglial polarization via JAK-STAT pathway regulation. These findings suggest LEP–JAK-STAT signaling as a mechanistic target to reduce neuroinflammation and improve recovery after SCI.

Chen C, Tian X, Zhang W et al. · Neuromolecular medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Microglial senescence and epigenetic reprogramming in alzheimer’s disease: An immunometabolic perspective.

This immunometabolic perspective article synthesized evidence that microglial senescence in Alzheimer’s disease involves epigenetic reprogramming and chronic immunometabolic dysfunction. It describes how persistent exposure to amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and tissue stress can drive microglia into senescence-like states with altered chromatin regulation, stable cell-cycle arrest, and a sustained senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), alongside impaired phagocytosis and lysosomal/autophagic and mitochondrial dysfunction. The framework highlights microglial senescence as a potential therapeutic target and supports epigenetic and metabolic interventions to restore microglial function in AD.

Ma J, Yang B, Jiang X et al. · Experimental gerontology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Combination of CSF α-synuclein seed amplification assay and amyloid-β42 predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease.

This cohort study analyzed 692 participants (145 controls, 547 with Parkinson’s disease) from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative with available cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein seed amplification assay (SAA) and CSF amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) measurements. It tested whether combined α-synuclein/amyloid biomarker status improves prediction of cognitive decline and dementia risk in PD, using four biomarker-defined groups based on S/A status. The combined biomarker strategy could improve prognostic stratification for cognitive outcomes in PD beyond single-marker assessment.

Qiang Q, Skudder-Hill L, Toyota T et al. · Neurobiology of disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The immunology of human breast cancer.

This review synthesized evidence on the immunology of human breast cancer, focusing on why immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) work in some baseline immune contexts but have limited efficacy in most breast cancer subtypes. It found that breast cancers outside the triple-negative subset often face tumor-intrinsic and microenvironmental barriers that reduce immunogenicity and establish systemic/local immunosuppression, limiting durable responses to ICIs. Clinically, the work frames breast cancer immunotherapy as a problem of baseline immune configuration and suppressive microenvironmental biology, guiding biomarker-driven patient selection and combination strategies.

García-Torralba E, Loi S, Salgado R et al. · Nature reviews. Immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical outcomes and predictors of response to PD-(L)1 blockade in patients with NSCLC without actionable genomic alterations who never used tobacco.

This retrospective multi-cohort analysis studied clinical outcomes and predictors of response to PD-(L)1 blockade in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who never smoked and had no actionable genomic alterations. Tumor immune microenvironment features—quantified using a machine learning-based algorithm for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) densities—were associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens. The work helps refine predictive biomarkers for PD-(L)1 therapy in a biologically distinct NSCLC subgroup defined by never-smoking status and AGA-negative tumors.

Gariazzo E, Elkrief A, Concannon K et al. · Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Incidence of B cell malignancies in patients with lung cancer receiving PD-1 blockade therapy.

This study evaluated the incidence and potential mechanisms of B cell malignancies in patients with lung cancer receiving PD-1 blockade therapy, using clinical cases of B-cell lymphoma arising during treatment and immunohistochemical staining of patient samples. The key finding was that B cell lymphoma can develop during PD-1 inhibitor exposure in this population, prompting mechanistic investigation of how PD-1 blockade may contribute to malignant B-cell progression. Clinically, the results highlight a need for vigilance and diagnostic awareness of hematologic malignancy as an unexpected immune-related complication during PD-1 therapy in lung cancer patients.

Ninomiya T, Fang C, Hamano H et al. · Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Asthma and COPD biologics/targeted therapies (real-world/pooled trials)

The study evaluated astegolimab, an anti-ST2 monoclonal antibody, in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations regardless of baseline blood eosinophil counts using two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (phase 2b ALIENTO and phase 3 ARNASA). It found the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous astegolimab 476 mg given every 2 or 4 weeks (trial-specific dosing schedules) in this exacerbation-prone population independent of eosinophil stratification. The results support whether ST2-targeted IL-33 pathway inhibition can provide a broader treatment option for frequent-exacerbator COPD beyond eosinophil-guided approaches.

Papi A, Greening NJ, Bhatt SP et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Tezepelumab in Real-World U.S. Patients with Severe Asthma Across Phenotypes and Underrepresented Populations: The Phase 4 PASSAGE Study.

The PASSAGE phase 4 single-arm open-label study evaluated effectiveness and safety of tezepelumab in real-world U.S. patients with severe uncontrolled asthma across phenotypes and underrepresented groups, including adolescents, Black/African American patients, and patients with comorbid mild-to-moderate COPD or smoking history (≥10 pack-years). Tezepelumab reduced annualized asthma exacerbation rates over 12 months with a safety profile consistent with prior experience across these subgroups. This supports broader clinical use of tezepelumab in diverse severe asthma populations beyond those typically represented in randomized trials.

Lugogo NL, Akuthota P, Sumino K et al. · American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Astegolimab for COPD With Frequent Exacerbations: Pooled Analysis of the ALIENTO and ARNASA Trials.

This prespecified pooled analysis studied astegolimab, an anti-ST2 monoclonal antibody, in participants with COPD and frequent exacerbations from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ALIENTO and ARNASA trials. The key finding was the pooled efficacy and safety profile of astegolimab across dosing regimens (476 mg every 2 weeks, every 4 weeks, or placebo) over 52 weeks in current/former smokers regardless of blood eosinophil count and chronic bronchitis status. Scientifically and clinically, it supports assessing ST2-targeted therapy as a potential treatment option for COPD patients with frequent exacerbations independent of eosinophil phenotype.

Wedzicha JA, Agustí À, Brightling CE et al. · American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cancer microenvironment, metastasis niches, and stromal/CAF remodeling

Integrated multi-omics identifies distinct macrophage alterations during progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

The study used integrated multi-omics—single-nucleus transcriptomics, spatial multi-omics, and proteomics—on human liver samples to characterize macrophage changes across the MASLD spectrum from steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). It found progressive depletion of Kupffer cells with emergence of multiple phenotypically distinct macrophage subsets as disease advanced toward MASH. Scientifically, this defines a dynamic macrophage remodeling program during progression and provides candidate macrophage states and pathways for stratifying disease stage and developing targeted interventions.

Boesch M, Anak S, El Abyad D et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Tumour-derived SAA1 reprogrammes macrophages to promote CXCL1-mediated metastasis in Ovarian Cancer.

This study examined how tumor-derived serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) affects macrophage behavior to drive metastasis in advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Using single-cell RNA sequencing and clinical specimen analyses, the authors found that SAA1 upregulates and reprograms FPR2+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to promote CXCL1-mediated metastatic progression rather than directly enhancing tumor cell migration or proliferation. These findings suggest targeting the SAA1–FPR2+ TAM–CXCL1 axis as a potential immunomodulatory strategy to limit ovarian cancer metastasis.

Zhou X, Meng H, Chang Q et al. · Clinical and translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-cell analysis reveals IL1B+ macrophages promote lung metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

This study used single-cell RNA sequencing, bulk transcriptomics, and multiplex immunohistochemistry to define the metastatic lung microenvironment in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). It identified a metastatic niche in which IL1B+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor cell intravasation and colonization, including IL1B+ TAM–driven increases in VEGFA and MMPs in primary lesions. These findings suggest targeting IL1B+ TAM programs could be a strategy to prevent lung metastasis in ACC.

Wang Y, Zheng J, Zhang K et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Spatial Multi-Omics Defines Cancer-associated fibroblasts Subtype Gradients Driving Metabolic Support and Immune Remodeling in Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

This study integrated spatial transcriptomics and spatial metabolomics from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and applied SpatialGlue-based multimodal clustering to map cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtype gradients. It defined CAF subtypes and used an optimal transport (OT)-based metabolic inference framework to quantify metabolite associations between CAFs and tumor cells, linking CAF metabolic support to immune remodeling. The work supports CAF spatial-metabolic targeting as a route to modulate tumor metabolism and the immune microenvironment in PDAC.

Zhang Q, Cao Z, Yan S et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer cell death, immunotherapy enhancement, and engineered immune cells

Monocyte infiltration induces CNS arginine catabolism to fuel neuroinflammation.

The study examined how monocyte-derived cells infiltrating the CNS reprogram tissue metabolism during neuroinflammation in mice, using genetic fate mapping, metabolomics, and metabolite imaging. It found that lesion-associated arginase 1 (Arg1)-expressing monocyte-derived cells increased arginine catabolism, driving oxidative damage, lipid accumulation, and monocyte-derived cell dysfunction. These findings connect a specific metabolic pathway (Arg1-mediated arginine catabolism) to neuroinflammatory injury, suggesting metabolic targeting of infiltrating myeloid cells as a therapeutic approach.

Kerndl M, Musiejovsky L, Komljenovic A et al. · Nature immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Antibody-Mediated Delivery of BRM/BRG1 Protein Degraders Affords Strong Antitumor Efficacy in Multiple BRM-Dependent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenograft Models.

This preclinical study developed antibody-mediated delivery conjugates (DACs) carrying VHL-dependent PROTAC payloads to degrade BRM/SMARCA2 in BRM-dependent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft models. The authors reported that an A515 payload conjugate potently degrades BRM with moderate selectivity over BRG1/SMARCA4 and, when delivered via CD71- or Trop2-targeting DACs, produced strong antigen-dependent antitumor efficacy in an H1944 xenograft model. These results support antibody-mediated PROTAC delivery as a targeted strategy to therapeutically exploit BRM dependency in NSCLC.

Baker Dockrey SA, Chandra P, Chen H et al. · Journal of medicinal chemistry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

CAR-engineered neutrophils derived from induced pluripotent stem cells: a new frontier in cellular immunotherapy.

This review summarizes the development and rationale for CAR-engineered neutrophils derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as an emerging cellular immunotherapy platform. The key finding is that CAR-neutrophils are being positioned to overcome CAR-T limitations in solid tumors by enabling rapid tumor infiltration and strong cytotoxic activity, while leveraging iPSC scalability and engineering flexibility. Clinically, this framework could broaden CAR-based immunotherapy beyond T/NK cells and improve efficacy in settings where conventional CAR-T has limited penetration.

Nemilostiva EA, Paevskaya OA, Boymuradov S et al. · Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer and Immune Cells: A Metabolic Battle in the Tumor Microenvironment.

This review article synthesizes evidence that immunometabolism creates a metabolic “battle” in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that shapes antitumor immunity and tumor progression. The key finding is that nutrient competition and TME stressors (hypoxia, acidosis) drive metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells while suppressing immune effector functions, with cytotoxic T cells/NK cells and M1 macrophages relying on glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation differently than immunosuppressive populations such as regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages. Scientifically, it highlights metabolic pathways as actionable targets to restore immune surveillance and improve cancer therapy responses.

Pournezhad S, Azar R, Taghizadeh-Hesary F · Cancer treatment and research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical outcomes and spatial transcriptomic profiles of CD19/20 CAR-T therapy in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

This expanded phase I/II study evaluated clinical outcomes and tumor/microenvironment biology using spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomics for CD19/20 dual-target CAR-T therapy in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL). In patients receiving CD19/20 CAR-T after lymphodepletion, the study aimed to relate CAR-T expansion/persistence and safety to response, with spatial transcriptomic profiling used to identify tumor-intrinsic and microenvironmental determinants of efficacy and failure (including antigen escape). These findings are significant for improving patient selection and engineering strategies to enhance CAR-T persistence and reduce antigen-loss–driven relapse in B-NHL.

Wang L, Fang C, Zheng Y et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Harnessing the GSDME-GSDMD pyroptosis cascade to turn tumour cells into “high-energy bombs” via disulfidptosis for potent lung cancer immunotherapy.

This study developed an inhalable human serum albumin (HSA)-based nanoreactor delivery system using DAC@hGPt(IV) nanoparticles to trigger a GSDME–GSDMD pyroptosis cascade in lung cancer cells. The approach is designed to overcome low gasdermin expression and enhance antitumor immune activation by converting tumor cells into “high-energy bombs” via disulfidptosis, thereby improving immunotherapy potency in the tumor microenvironment. If effective clinically, this platform could provide a translatable strategy to amplify pyroptosis-driven lung cancer immune responses.

Huang Y, Chen Y, He S et al. · Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Epigenetics, chromatin regulation, and gene/biomarker stratification

H3K27me3 spreading organizes canonical PRC1 chromatin architecture to regulate developmental programs.

The study investigated how H3K27me3 spreading organizes canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) 3D chromatin architecture to regulate developmental gene silencing and cell fate, using glioma-derived H3K27M mutations to restrict H3K27me3 spreading. It found that confining H3K27me3 concentrates the cPRC1 chromatin pool, increasing long-range 3D interactions that resemble altered Polycomb-mediated regulation during differentiation. This clarifies a mechanistic role for H3K27me3 spreading in shaping PRC1-driven genome organization, informing how epigenetic dysregulation can perturb developmental programs.

Krug B, Hu B, Chen H et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeting EHMT2 overcomes 5-fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer by modulating cell cycle and apoptosis.

This study assessed the role of the epigenetic methyltransferase EHMT2 (G9a) in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in colorectal cancer patients and in 5-FU–resistant HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. EHMT2 was upregulated in CRC patients with poor 5-FU response and was confirmed to be higher in 5-FUR cells by RNA-sequencing, and siRNA-mediated EHMT2 knockdown restored 5-FU sensitivity by modulating cell-cycle and apoptosis pathways. These results support EHMT2 as a targetable epigenetic driver of 5-FU resistance and a potential biomarker for improving CRC chemotherapy outcomes.

Tae IH, Kang Y, Lee J et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Metabolic disease, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk indices

Myeloid Mas drives pyruvate kinase M2-mediated Spi1 lactylation to fuel inflammatory senescence in MASLD.

The study investigated the role of myeloid-expressed Mas (a G protein-coupled receptor) in MASLD by linking it to pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-mediated Spi1 lactylation and inflammatory senescence, using patient and diet-induced mouse models plus single-cell RNA sequencing. It found that Mas expression increased in hepatic myeloid cells and that myeloid-specific Mas1 deletion attenuated MASLD by restraining glycolytic reprogramming and inflammatory senescence, impairing pathogenic differentiation of FN1+CCR2+ monocyte precursors. This identifies a myeloid metabolic checkpoint (Mas1→glycolysis→PKM2/Spi1 lactylation) that could be targeted to reduce inflammatory senescence and slow MASLD progression.

Zhao L, Xu S, Qiao S et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparative prognostic value of TyG index and TyG-BMI for 90-day all-cause mortality in critically ill older adults with ASCVD: a machine learning analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

This retrospective machine-learning analysis compared the prognostic performance of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index versus TyG-BMI for 90-day all-cause mortality in critically ill older adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Using MIMIC-IV data, TyG index and TyG-BMI were measured at ICU admission and evaluated against 90-day mortality outcomes. The clinical significance is improved risk stratification in a high-risk ICU population by determining which insulin-resistance surrogate better predicts short-term mortality.

Zhao S, Wang Q, Li X et al. · Cardiovascular diabetology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Predictive value of the combined cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, glucose and frailty indices for cardiometabolic multimorbidity incidence: evidence from a national prospective cohort study.

This national prospective cohort study evaluated whether a combined cholesterol–high-density lipoprotein–glucose plus frailty index (CHG-FI) predicts incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) outcomes in 6,812 Chinese adults aged ≥45 years from CHARLS (2011–2020). The CHG-FI was associated with higher risk of developing heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and overall CMM during follow-up. These findings suggest that integrating insulin-resistance surrogates (CHG) with frailty improves risk stratification for cardiometabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older populations.

Fan H, Jiang G, Cheng J et al. · Cardiovascular diabetology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Abdominal adiposity and accelerated biological ageing in relation to general and cardiovascular ageing in Chinese adults.

This prospective cohort study in Chinese adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank examined whether abdominal adiposity (waist-to-hip ratio, WHR, and WHR adjusted for BMI) is associated with accelerated biological ageing (BA) across multiple molecular clocks. It constructed BA measures using metabolomics (MetaboAge), clinical biomarkers (Klemera–Doubal method BA; KDM-BA), and DNA methylation (DNAm PhenoAge), then tested how abdominal adiposity relates to BA acceleration and mortality risk. The work is significant because it links central fat distribution to molecular ageing processes that may mediate general and cardiovascular ageing risk.

Wu Z, Liu J, Si J et al. · Heart (British Cardiac Society) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Innovations in Obesity Treatment: Beyond Adipose Tissue Dysfunction.

This narrative review synthesized current evidence on obesity treatment and mechanisms beyond adipose tissue dysfunction, integrating metabolic, immunological, and oncological perspectives. It highlighted chronic inflammation as a central mediator connecting adipose dysfunction to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cancer development through altered adipokines and immune cell infiltration. The review is clinically relevant for identifying mechanistic targets that could expand obesity therapies beyond traditional approaches focused solely on adiposity.

Martínez-Godfrey J, Pomares-Bri I, de Juan-Maciá P et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Islet inflammatory macrophages drive MSC loss and multiple interactions involved in β-cell adaptation during diabetes.

This preclinical study used single-cell RNA sequencing to examine islet cell changes in diabetic mice transitioning from metabolic compensation to decompensation, focusing on inflammatory macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It found that macrophages expanded and adopted a pro-inflammatory phenotype while MSC proportions decreased, leading to impaired β-cell glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased β-cell apoptosis. These findings implicate islet inflammatory macrophages in MSC loss and β-cell maladaptation during type 2 diabetes progression, suggesting macrophage-targeted strategies to preserve β-cell function.

Liu J, Xu W, Yan W et al. · Metabolism: clinical and experimental · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cardiovascular risk, imaging, and prevention strategies

Cardiac MRI Across ESC Guidance in the Last Decade.

This narrative review studied how cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is positioned across European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidance from 2015–2025 and related EACVI/EHRA statements. The key finding was that CMR has evolved into a foundational, first-line decision-shaping test, leveraging biventricular volumetry, tissue characterization (late gadolinium enhancement, T1/T2 mapping, extracellular volume), and flow quantification (including phase-contract and emerging 4D-flow). The clinical significance is that guideline-directed use of CMR can improve diagnostic accuracy and management decisions in adult cardiovascular disease.

Gall A, Sawh N, Li R et al. · Clinical cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Fisetin Supplementation Attenuates Premature Vascular Aging Induced by Doxorubicin via Suppression of Cellular Senescence and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress.

This experimental study tested whether fisetin supplementation, a natural senolytic, mitigates doxorubicin-induced premature vascular aging in young adult models by suppressing cellular senescence and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Fisetin attenuated doxorubicin-driven endothelial dysfunction and aortic stiffening by reducing senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) signaling and restoring nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability through decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress. These results support fisetin as a potential senolytic adjunct to reduce vascular toxicity and long-term cardiovascular risk after doxorubicin chemotherapy.

Darrah MA, Mahoney SA, Venkatasubramanian R et al. · Aging cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Life Expectancy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

This analysis used harmonized pooled data from 8 US general population cohorts in the NHLBI Pooled Cohorts Study to evaluate life expectancy and years of life lost (YLL) associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by severity. The key finding was that COPD is associated with reduced life expectancy and that YLL increase with disease severity. This is significant for patient counseling and health-policy planning by quantifying the mortality burden of COPD in a way that complements traditional risk metrics.

Bhatt SP, Sun Y, Wang Y et al. · JAMA internal medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Modern Molecular Profiling Recontextualizes the NRG/RTOG 0539 Trial and Reveals Hidden High-Risk and Radiotherapy Resistant Meningiomas.

This study recontextualized the prospective phase 2 NRG/RTOG 0539 meningioma trial using modern molecular profiling of tumor tissue from 100 patients. Using DNA methylation arrays, RNA sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing, it identified molecular correlates of radiotherapy (RT) response and revealed hidden high-risk, RT-resistant meningioma groups. The scientific significance is improved biomarker-based stratification beyond clinical risk models to better predict RT benefit and guide personalized management of meningioma.

Yefet LS, Landry AP, Rogers CL et al. · Neuro-oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Autoimmune/inflammatory disease management (guidelines/registries/therapeutics)

Comparative efficacy of pediatric atopic dermatitis treatments: a network meta-analysis highlighting dupilumab and pimecrolimus for SCORAD and EASI improvement.

This network meta-analysis compared pediatric atopic dermatitis treatments by synthesizing randomized controlled trials to evaluate efficacy outcomes such as SCORAD and EASI improvement, with emphasis on dupilumab and pimecrolimus. The key finding was that dupilumab and pimecrolimus showed comparatively favorable efficacy signals for improving SCORAD and EASI measures in children with atopic dermatitis. Clinically, the results help rank treatment options for pediatric AD and support evidence-based selection of biologic (dupilumab) versus topical therapy (pimecrolimus) based on expected symptom improvement.

Yang L, Hu R, Wang Y et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Importance of Fostering International Collaboration for Optimal Outcomes of Kawasaki Disease Worldwide: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.

This American Heart Association science advisory studied the global challenges and implementation needs for Kawasaki disease (KD) care, focusing on improving diagnostic accuracy and access to effective treatment such as intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg per dose). The key finding was that KD outcomes vary worldwide due to differences in recognition, diagnostic capability, and management accessibility, despite the established benefit of prompt IVIG therapy reducing coronary aneurysm risk to <5%. The clinical significance is that international collaboration and coordinated strategies are necessary to standardize KD diagnosis and treatment and improve coronary outcomes globally.

Harahsheh AS, Mohsin SM, Tremoulet A et al. · Journal of the American Heart Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dendritic cells as orchestrators in the allergen-specific immunotherapy of allergic diseases.

This review focuses on how dendritic cell (DC) subsets orchestrate immune tolerance and activation in allergic diseases and how this biology underpins allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). The key finding is that distinct DC populations (conventional DCs, plasmacytoid DCs, monocyte-derived DCs, and Langerhans cells) differentially promote Th2-driven inflammation versus regulatory T cell generation, via cytokine and signaling mechanisms. Clinically, understanding DC subset control points can guide optimization of AIT strategies to induce durable immune tolerance.

Dou X, Gu T, Xu Y · Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis that Manifested after Administration of Benralizumab in a Patient with Refractory Recurrent Bronchial Asthma.

This case report described a 73-year-old woman with refractory recurrent bronchial asthma who developed eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) after benralizumab treatment. After benralizumab initiation and subsequent clinical course, she presented with rash, peripheral neuropathy, eosinophilia, positive myeloperoxidase-ANCA, and renal biopsy findings of mild necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis, leading to EGPA diagnosis and improvement after discontinuing benralizumab and restarting glucocorticoids (with mepolizumab mentioned in the truncated report). The report highlights a rare but important immune-mediated adverse event associated with benralizumab in asthma patients and supports prompt recognition and management of EGPA.

Yamamoto U, Oba Y, Rikihisa T et al. · Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Small Molecules as Advanced Therapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Particularly Regarding Ulcerative Colitis.

This narrative review summarized evidence for oral small-molecule therapies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with emphasis on ulcerative colitis, focusing on JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, filgotinib, upadacitinib), S1P receptor modulators (ozanimod, etrasimod), and the alpha4-integrin antagonist carotegrast methyl. It concluded that upadacitinib shows the strongest efficacy but with higher adverse-event frequency, filgotinib has comparatively weaker efficacy with fewer adverse events, and other agents have distinct benefit–risk profiles. The review is clinically significant for guiding treatment selection and counseling in UC and broader IBD management using targeted small-molecule mechanisms.

Sakurai T, Saruta M · Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Incidence of serious infections, herpes zoster and hepatitis B virus reactivation among patients with SLE: a cohort study using a health claims database in Japan.

This retrospective cohort study used a Japanese health claims database to quantify real-world incidence of serious infections requiring hospitalization, herpes zoster, and hepatitis B virus reactivation in 10,865 adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2021. The study reported incidence rates for these complications and estimated hazard ratios for clinically relevant patient characteristics (adjusted for age and sex) for serious infections and herpes zoster. These findings provide population-level risk estimates to inform infection and HBV reactivation screening and prophylaxis strategies in SLE care in Japan.

Kuwana M, Yabe-Wada T, Hirai T et al. · Lupus science & medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Interdisciplinary, delphi-driven consensus guidelines on the use of intravenous ketamine infusions for depressive disorders from the American society of ketamine physicians, psychotherapists, and practitioners (ASKP3).

This interdisciplinary Delphi-driven consensus guideline study developed practical recommendations for outpatient use of intravenous ketamine infusions for depressive disorders by the American Society of Ketamine Physicians, Psychotherapists and Practitioners (ASKP3). The key output was an evidence-informed guideline framework intended to standardize clinical decision-making and improve patient safety in off-label IV ketamine practice in the United States. Clinically, it provides a structured approach for dosing, monitoring, and implementation to reduce variability and support safer real-world ketamine care.

Mathai DS, Cluck M, Aslam AM et al. · Journal of affective disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Oxytocin and Autism - A precision medicine framework to unpack mechanisms and evidence.

This review synthesizes preclinical and human evidence on oxytocin as a therapeutic target for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), focusing on precision medicine approaches to clarify mechanisms and evidence. It highlights that intranasal oxytocin has not shown consistent clinical benefits in autistic populations despite converging findings from biomarker studies, genetic/epigenetic research, and neuroimaging implicating the oxytocinergic system. The article argues that mechanistic stratification and improved evidence integration are needed to identify which ASD subgroups might benefit from oxytocin-based interventions.

Boulton KA, Guastella AJ · Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Early gastrointestinal manifestations predict disease progression and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis.

This cohort study analyzed 450 participants with early systemic sclerosis (≤5 years from first non-Raynaud’s symptom) from the GENISOS cohort to test whether baseline gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms predict progression to significant GI outcomes. Baseline GI symptoms (such as GERD, dysphagia, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and peptic ulcer) were associated with later significant GI involvement defined by Medsger GI severity score ≥2. These results support early symptom-based risk stratification in systemic sclerosis to anticipate GI progression and mortality.

Ayla AY, Balar AP, Calderon Martinez E et al. · Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Musculoskeletal degeneration and tissue repair (spine/bone/joints)

Macrophage polarization regulates bone homeostasis: a potential etiology and therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

This article studied how macrophage polarization (M1 vs M2 states) regulates bone homeostasis and how these immune mechanisms may contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The key finding is that M1-polarized macrophages promote bone resorption while M2-polarized macrophages promote bone formation, linking estrogen-loss–associated immune shifts to osteoporosis pathophysiology. The scientific significance is that macrophage polarization is proposed as a potential therapeutic target to prevent or treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Danzeng Q, Wu F, Cui M et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Primary cilia protect against intervertebral disc degeneration and spine scoliosis by regulating Hedgehog-P53-mediated cell apoptosis signaling.

This study assessed the role of primary cilia in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and spine scoliosis by analyzing RNA sequencing data from IL-1β–induced degenerative models and related signaling pathways. It found that primary cilia protect against IVDD and scoliosis by regulating Hedgehog–P53-mediated apoptosis signaling. These findings implicate ciliary control of Hedgehog–P53 cell death pathways as a potential therapeutic lever for spinal degenerative disorders.

Li X, Guo K, Yang Y et al. · Journal of advanced research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Renal disease, kidney injury, and nephroprotection

VCPIP1 drives diabetic cardiomyopathy by deubiquitinating AMPKγ1 and preventing AMPKα-γ subunit assembly in cardiomyocytes.

This study investigated the deubiquitinating enzyme VCPIP1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy using diabetic mouse models with cardiomyocyte-specific VCPIP1 knockout and proteomic/interactome profiling. VCPIP1 was elevated in diabetic hearts, and cardiomyocyte VCPIP1 deletion ameliorated cardiac damage in both type 2 and type 1 diabetes, with ubiquitinome/interactome analyses identifying AMPKγ1 as a key substrate and showing VCPIP1 prevents AMPKα–γ subunit assembly. Clinically, targeting VCPIP1 may restore AMPK signaling and provide a new strategy to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Han X, Huang Z, Liu G et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

LingGui QiHua-3 decoction (LGQH-3) ameliorates cardiorenal dysfunction in HFpEF by restoring fluid homeostasis via the PCSK6/Corin/p38 MAPK/AQPs axis.

This experimental study investigated LingGui QiHua-3 decoction (LGQH-3) in a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) model characterized by cardiorenal dysfunction and fluid retention, focusing on fluid homeostasis mechanisms. LGQH-3 ameliorated cardiorenal dysfunction by restoring fluid regulation through the PCSK6/Corin/p38 MAPK/AQPs signaling axis. Mechanistically, targeting this PCSK6–Corin–p38 MAPK–aquaporin pathway may provide a rationale for developing or optimizing LGQH-3–based therapies for HFpEF-related fluid dysregulation.

Liang X, Chen Z, Liu S et al. · Journal of ethnopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Insig1 deficiency protects against acute kidney injury via targeting Dapk3.

This study tested whether Insig1 deficiency protects against acute kidney injury (AKI) by using tubule-specific Insig1 knockout mice exposed to cisplatin or ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and complementary in vitro tubular cell models. It used proteomics to identify Insig1-interacting targets and pathway inhibition to validate the mechanism, implicating Dapk3 as a key downstream target of Insig1 in AKI protection. The work suggests that modulating the Insig1–Dapk3 axis could be a therapeutic approach to reduce tubular injury in AKI.

Cao S, Wang Q, Zhou M et al. · Journal of advanced research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of Tirzepatide Therapy on Thyroid Disease: Understanding Risks and Emerging Insights.

This retrospective medical-record study investigated the risk factors and emerging insights for thyroid disease development or worsening in patients receiving tirzepatide for 1 year (2.5–15 mg weekly). The key finding was that thyroid disease events (including disorders such as thyroiditis and autoimmune or neoplastic conditions) can occur during tirzepatide exposure, motivating analysis of patient-level risk factors for DIT, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, benign neoplasms, and goiter. Clinically, the study supports thyroid monitoring considerations and risk stratification for patients treated with the dual GLP-1/GIP agonist tirzepatide.

Manueli Laos EG, Serafica B, Fontaine-Nicola A et al. · Clinical obesity · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Vaccines and infectious disease platforms

A human cardiomyocyte screen identifies optimized lipid nanoparticles for in vivo cardiac gene editing.

The study developed and validated a human cardiomyocyte screening platform using hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to identify lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) optimized for in vivo cardiac gene editing. It found that the lead LNP, 18:1 TAP10, achieved potent human cardiotropic transfection and delivered Cre mRNA effectively in vivo in a Ai14 LoxP-Stop-LoxP-tdTomato reporter mouse model across multiple routes (including intravenous, intrathoracic, intracoronary, and intramyocardial). This provides a practical, human-relevant LNP optimization strategy for improving cardiac delivery of gene-editing payloads.

Sun Y, Pien YC, Xiao Y et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Multivalent mRNA vaccine platform with compatible antigens conferred broad-spectrum protection against orthoebolaviruses’ exposure.

The study developed a multivalent mRNA vaccine platform, [GPs+NP]@LNP, designed to broaden protection across orthoebolaviruses beyond Ebola virus (EBOV), and evaluated it against exposure to multiple orthoebolaviruses including Zaire (EBOV), Sudan (SUDV), and Bundibugyo (BDBV). It found that the multivalent antigen formulation conferred broad-spectrum protection against orthoebolavirus exposure. This supports a platform approach for outbreak preparedness by enabling cross-protective mRNA vaccination rather than single-pathogen targeting.

Zhang J, Zhang X, Yao Y et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Rare disease research infrastructure and clinical networks

Collaboration as a Catalyst for Advancing Rare Disease Research: The Experience of the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network.

This article describes the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN) and its governance and collaboration model to advance rare disease diagnosis, treatment, and research across multiple sites. The key finding is that RDCRN’s infrastructure—promoting cross-consortia data sharing and coordinated translational/clinical studies with NIH representatives and patient advocacy groups—accelerated collaborative rare disease research, including as a priority after COVID-19 disruptions. Scientifically, this provides a replicable framework for building efficient, patient-engaged research ecosystems for rare diseases.

Chehade M, Meyers S, McCright-Gill T et al. · Clinical and translational science · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Oncology therapeutics in specific cancers (e.g., RCC, CRC, ovarian, lung, SCLC, meningioma, PDAC)

Compression-induced metabolic adaptation drives confined tumor cell migration and distant metastasis via malate-dependent microtubule reinforcement.

The study investigated how metabolic enzyme DLD (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) enables tumor cells to migrate and metastasize when physically compressed, using a CRISPR screen of 1685 metabolic enzymes in confined tumor-migration contexts. DLD-dependent, malate-driven metabolic adaptation reinforced microtubules under compression, promoting confined migration and distant metastasis. This mechanistic link between a specific metabolic gene (DLD) and microtubule reinforcement under physical stress identifies a potential therapeutic vulnerability for preventing metastasis in dense tumor microenvironments.

Liu M, Liu B, Chen C et al. · Cell research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

DKC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and therapy resistance by dysregulating sphingolipid biosynthesis.

The study examined whether DKC1 (dyskerin) promotes colorectal cancer progression and resistance by altering sphingolipid biosynthesis, using CRC models with transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses. It found that DKC1 drives cell-cycle progression, suppresses apoptosis, enhances stemness and drug resistance, and that WNT signaling forms a feedback loop with DKC1 while sphingolipid metabolism is perturbed. Clinically, DKC1 emerges as a prognostic and mechanistic driver in CRC with a drug-resistance phenotype, suggesting that targeting DKC1 or its sphingolipid pathway could improve therapy response.

Khan UK, Goel A, Nigam S et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Small cell lung cancer: a therapeutic update in the era of immunotherapy and beyond-a narrative review.

This narrative review summarized therapeutic advances for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) across disease stages, focusing on immunotherapy and emerging systemic approaches. It synthesizes evidence from studies published up to April 2025 (with late-breaking abstracts through July 2025) to update clinicians on multimodal treatment strategies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. The review’s significance is to guide treatment selection and identify promising next-generation agents for an aggressive SCLC population with frequent relapse.

Barba A, Martínez-Recio S, Portu M et al. · Chinese clinical oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

PTK2/FAK inhibition triggers TMED9-mediated protective autophagy in pancreatic cancer cell via enhancing ERGIC-ERES contact.

This mechanistic cancer study investigated how PTK2/FAK inhibition triggers protective autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. Using a drug screening approach with high-content screening, the authors identified PTK2/FAK inhibitors as potent autophagy inducers and found that the response involves TMED9-mediated protective autophagy through enhanced ERGIC-ERES contact. The significance is that PTK2/FAK inhibitors may activate a survival autophagy pathway, informing combination strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic cancer.

Wu MY, Tang W, Zhang XW et al. · Autophagy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

CCS facilitates the progression of ovarian cancer by suppressing ferroptotic cell death via the modulation of p53-mediated expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4.

This mechanistic study examined how copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase 1 (CCS) promotes ovarian cancer progression by suppressing ferroptotic cell death through p53-mediated regulation of SLC7A11 and GPX4. The key finding was that high CCS expression supports tumor growth and that CCS modulates ferroptosis by altering the p53-dependent expression of SLC7A11 (a cystine transporter) and GPX4 (a lipid peroxide–protective enzyme). Scientifically, targeting the CCS–p53–SLC7A11/GPX4 axis could sensitize ovarian cancer cells to ferroptosis and provide a therapeutic strategy.

Yan Q, Sun MM, Zhai XR et al. · Acta pharmacologica Sinica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

ANO1 stabilizes partial EMT to drive colorectal cancer metastasis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways.

This study examined how the calcium-activated chloride channel ANO1 (TMEM16A) regulates partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (partial EMT) and colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis in CRC tissues and CRC cell models. ANO1 was upregulated in CRC, correlated with poor survival, and ANO1 knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing early apoptosis, with signaling linked to PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK pathways. These findings suggest ANO1 is a mechanistic stabilizer of partial EMT and a potential therapeutic target to limit metastatic plasticity and treatment resistance in CRC.

Wu F, Zhang K, Du Z et al. · Scientific reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions: Novel Therapies in T-ALL: From CAR-T to Novel Targets.

This article reviewed current and emerging therapeutic strategies for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), focusing on how CAR-T approaches and novel genomic targets relate to disease biology in children/adolescents and in adults with relapsed or refractory (r/r) disease. It emphasized that advances in T-ALL genomics have identified actionable therapeutic targets and clarified early-T precursor phenotype and genomic subtypes to improve risk stratification and salvage outcomes. Scientifically, the review frames how integrating targeted agents and CAR-T into treatment could address persistent poor outcomes in adult and r/r T-ALL.

Summers RJ, Newman H, Teachey DT · Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Secreted PEBP4 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression via Regulation of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway.

This study examined colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens and patient serum to assess the extracellular role of secreted phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 4 (sPEBP4) and its effects on colon cancer cells. It found that sPEBP4 promotes CRC cell proliferation and migration, and that these effects are blocked by anti-PEBP4 antibodies or by mutating the N-glycosylation site N169Q. These results position secreted PEBP4 as a potential extracellular therapeutic target and biomarker in CRC.

Tang Z, Li T, Yang Z et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Single-cell multi-omics analysis reveals two molecular subtypes of human male breast cancer with distinct neuroendocrine and immune characteristics.

This study performed single-cell multi-omics analysis on human male breast cancer (MBC) to identify molecular subtypes with distinct neuroendocrine and immune features. It reported two MBC molecular subtypes that differ in their cellular composition and immune/neuroendocrine characteristics, providing a single-cell resolution framework for subtype classification. These subtype-specific insights could inform more tailored therapeutic strategies for MBC beyond current extrapolation from female breast cancer.

Sun H, Wang R, Wang Z et al. · Journal of advanced research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Ultra-hypofractionated stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for primary renal cell carcinoma: 5-year outcomes from a pooled analysis of the FASTRACK trials.

This pooled analysis evaluated long-term activity and safety of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for primary renal cell carcinoma using data from the FASTRACK and FASTRACK II trials. It analyzed prospective trial cohorts treated with SABR at multiple academic centers (including Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and international sites in Australia and the Netherlands) to report 5-year outcomes. The long-term pooled evidence supports SABR as a non-invasive option for inoperable primary renal cell carcinoma and informs durability of control and toxicity profiles.

Siva S, Ali M, Hardcastle N et al. · The Lancet. Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Long-term outcomes of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for primary kidney cancer (TROG 15.03 FASTRACK II): a multicentre, non-randomised, phase 2 study.

This multicentre, non-randomised phase 2 study (TROG 15.03 FASTRACK II) evaluated stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) in adult patients (≥18 years) with histologically confirmed primary renal cell carcinoma treated in eight hospitals across Australia and the Netherlands. The final pre-planned long-term follow-up reported durable outcomes of SABR for primary kidney cancer. These results support SABR as a non-invasive local treatment option for selected patients with primary renal cell carcinoma and help define its long-term efficacy and safety profile.

Siva S, Pryor D, Martin J et al. · The Lancet. Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

From Prevention to Progression: Can Belzutifan-Based Strategies Deliver Across the RCC Disease Continuum?

This narrative analysis reviewed belzutifan-based strategies targeting HIF-2α signaling across the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) disease continuum, focusing on randomized phase III trials. It reports that LITESPARK-022 (belzutifan plus pembrolizumab vs pembrolizumab alone) improved disease-free survival (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59–0.87; p=0.0003) and discusses additional earlier-integration data from LITESPARK-011 (belzutifan plus lenvatinib vs cabozantinib). The clinical significance is earlier adoption of belzutifan-containing regimens to improve outcomes in ccRCC beyond the previously approved later-line setting.

Beckermann K · The oncologist · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Endometriosis and ovarian cancer: epidemiological evidence, molecular insights, and clinical decision-making.

This review synthesized epidemiological evidence, molecular findings, and clinical decision-making considerations on the relationship between endometriosis (especially ovarian endometrioma) and ovarian cancer. It highlights a roughly 2-fold increased relative risk of ovarian cancer in women with endometriosis, while noting a low absolute lifetime risk (~1.9%), and describes shared somatic alterations including ARID1A, PIK3CA, and KRAS between endometriosis and certain ovarian cancer subtypes. The review’s significance is to guide risk communication, diagnostic thinking, and management strategies for patients with endometriosis in the context of cancer risk.

Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Vignali M, Kvaskoff M et al. · Human reproduction update · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical trial methods, safety monitoring, and real-world implementation

Preoperative Hemoglobin and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Safe Aspirate Volume in Liposuction.

This prospective observational study investigated whether preoperative hemoglobin and body mass index (BMI) predict the maximum safe aspirate volume in liposuction in female patients aged 18 years or older undergoing large-volume procedures. The key finding was that a mathematical model using preoperative hemoglobin and BMI could estimate safe aspirate volume thresholds more individually than fixed guideline cutoffs. Scientifically and clinically, the model may reduce postoperative anemia risk by tailoring aspirate limits to patient physiology before surgery.

Sanchez-Peña MA, Quiroga-Moreno G, Reyes-Ponce MF et al. · Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Resuscitation From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest When Is EtCO2 Reliably Associated With ROSC?

This secondary analysis studied exhaled end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) trajectory monitoring duration to determine when EtCO2 can reliably discriminate return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) versus non-ROSC in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The key finding was that there is a minimum observation time window of EtCO2 trajectory data needed to differentiate ROSC from non-ROSC, using mean EtCO2 values summarized in 1-minute epochs from the cluster-randomized PART trial. The clinical significance is that defining an EtCO2 monitoring duration could improve real-time resuscitation decision-making and prognostication during OHCA.

Nassal MMJ, Smith RM, Aramendi E et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Navepegritide Combined with Lonapegsomatropin for the Treatment of Children with Achondroplasia: 52-Week Results from the Phase 2 COACH Trial.

This phase 2 COACH trial studied the combination of navepegritide (a C-type natriuretic peptide prodrug) plus lonapegsomatropin (a somatropin prodrug) in children with achondroplasia over 52 weeks. The trial was designed to test whether weekly combination therapy improves annualized growth velocity (AGV) at Week 52 compared with navepegritide monotherapy. If effective, the combination could provide enhanced growth and additional musculoskeletal benefits by leveraging hypothesized synergy at the growth plate.

McDonnell CM, Irving M, Nolting LA et al. · European journal of endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Woven Endobridge device for ruptured vs. unruptured aneurysms: insights from the WorldWideWEB study.

This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected multicenter registry data from the WorldWideWEB study compared outcomes of ruptured versus unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device in consecutive adult patients. After propensity score matching, the study assessed angiographic results, safety, and clinical outcomes between rupture strata, aiming to determine whether rupture status changes WEB performance. The clinical significance is that it informs risk–benefit decisions for using WEB in the acute rupture setting versus elective treatment of unruptured aneurysms.

Dugar F, Essibayi MA, Salim HA et al. · Neuroradiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Relevant Adverse Events and Drug Discontinuation of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy - Insights from the REVIEW-HF Registry.

This registry-based retrospective study evaluated adverse events and discontinuation of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) using the nationwide REVIEW-HF cohort in Japan. Within 3 months of initiation, the study assessed sacubitril/valsartan–related outcomes including hypotension, worsening kidney function, hyperkalemia, and angioedema and compared event/discontinuation rates between patients with and without ATTR-CM. The findings are important for defining real-world tolerability and safety monitoring needs when using sacubitril/valsartan in ATTR-CM patients with heart failure.

Watanabe Y, Kubota Y, Murata H et al. · International heart journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of Renal Impairment and Lymphodepletion Regimen on Outcomes after CAR T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

This retrospective clinical study evaluated how renal impairment and lymphodepletion regimen affect outcomes and CAR T-cell dynamics in 87 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) or ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel). It focused on comparing the standard fludarabine/cyclophosphamide (Flu/Cy) lymphodepletion with bendamustine-based lymphodepletion in the context of baseline kidney function. The results are intended to guide safer lymphodepletion selection and risk stratification for CAR T therapy in RRMM patients with renal impairment.

Grieb N, Wiemers T, Born P et al. · Transplantation and cellular therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · [Free PDF ↗](https://ashpublications.org/blood/article-pdf/146/Supplement 1/5853/2461474/blood-8600-main.pdf)

Expert Panel Review and Practical Guidance on Biomarker Testing With Engineered Immune Effector Cells.

This expert panel review and practical guidance article from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) addressed how to perform and interpret biomarker testing for engineered immune effector cell therapies, including CAR T-cell approaches. It provides standardized recommendations on biomarker assay selection, timing, and interpretation to improve comparability across centers and support evidence-based clinical decisions. Scientifically, the guidance aims to harmonize biomarker frameworks as immune effector platforms expand to new indications.

Blumenberg V, Diorio C, Gauthier J et al. · Transplantation and cellular therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hyperacusis-inducing drug candidates.

This pharmacovigilance analysis studied 3833 US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) case reports in which hyperacusis was recorded as a drug-induced adverse event. The most frequently reported drug classes associated with hyperacusis included selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., paroxetine) and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin), among others. The findings generate hypothesis-driven targets for mechanistic research and can inform clinicians’ risk awareness when prescribing implicated drug classes.

Salvi R, Wang TC, Eddins A · Hearing research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

This randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial (DELTA 2) studied systemic exposure from twice-daily topical delgocitinib cream 20 mg/g in adults with severe chronic hand eczema under normal versus maximal use conditions. The key finding was that even with maximal use, systemic exposure remained minimal compared with systemic exposure observed in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis from a delgocitinib cream phase 1 trial. This supports the safety rationale for topical delgocitinib by demonstrating limited systemic absorption in a high-exposure real-world dosing scenario.

Gooderham M, Bunick CG, Yu J et al. · Dermatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Risankizumab versus Deucravacitinib in Adults With Moderate Plaque Psoriasis: 16-Week Results from the Phase 4 IMMpactful Trial.

This phase 4 IMMpactful trial compared risankizumab (RZB) versus deucravacitinib (DEU) in adults with moderate plaque psoriasis who were eligible for systemic therapy and had not previously received biologics. In the 16-week results, the study found comparative safety and efficacy outcomes between the two treatments during period A (baseline to week 16). The clinical significance is providing head-to-head evidence to support treatment selection between an IL-23 pathway biologic (risankizumab) and an oral TYK2-pathway agent (deucravacitinib) for biologic-naïve patients.

Magnolo N, Soung J, Frew J et al. · Dermatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Generated automatically on May 19, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.

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PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 19, 2026

PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 19, 2026

Overview

Lifestyle interventions for cardiometabolic/vascular outcomes

Association Analysis Between Dietary Magnesium Intake and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Individuals With Chronic Neck Pain.

Meta Analysis of DHA and EPA Supplementation on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Atrial Fibrillation Risk.

Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Adhesive Capsulitis: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study of the European Population.

Effects of Calorie Restriction With and Without Strength, Endurance or Mixed Training on Fat-Free and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Overweight or Obese Individuals-A Systematic Review With Pairwise Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.

Trends in Diet Quality and Associated Comprehensive Environmental Impacts in the United States, 2001-2018: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Microbiome modulation and dysbiosis (probiotics/AMR)

Systems-level restoration of vaginal and gut microbiota by lactobacillus helveticus 20 838 alleviates Gardnerella vaginalis-induced dysbiosis.

Sleep disorders and circadian/wearable sleep metrics

Digital Sleep-Wake Cycle Metrics and Dementia Prediction in Older Adults.

Treatment of chronic insomnia in elderly adults with dual orexin receptor antagonists: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Antibiotic/eradication effects on bile acids and antimicrobial resistance

Bile acid metabolism dysregulation following Helicobacter pylori eradication promotes plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in the gut microbiome.

Trauma resuscitation and prehospital transfusion strategies

Prehospital Resuscitation with Type O Whole Blood for Trauma and Hemorrhage.

Pulmonary fibrosis and antifibrotic therapeutics

Phase 3 Trials of Inhaled Treprostinil for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Andrographolide attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by covalently targeting Ptges3 and disrupting the Ptges3-Hsp90-NF-κB axis.

Cardiac electrophysiology and antiarrhythmic targets

Cardiac α4β2 nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target for fatal ventricular arrhythmias.

Variation in SNX29 and Acute Vasodilator Response in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Cancer risk prediction and screening biomarkers

Biomarker-Based Eligibility for Lung Cancer Screening: Validation of the Protein-Based INTEGRAL-Risk Model.

A multi-centre, prospective trial of a methylation-based liquid biopsy for early detection of liver cancer in high-risk populations.

Unlocking beta cell health: The clinical potential of extracellular vesicles in type 1 diabetes.

Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: Indicators of disease activity, progression, and treatment response.

Neurocognition, dementia risk, and brain injury biomarkers

High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation During Pregnancy and Test-Based Cognitive Performance at Age 10 Years: A Post Hoc Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Amateur Soccer Heading and Acute Elevations in Blood-Based p-Tau217 and S100B.

Neurodegeneration mechanisms and stem-cell disease modeling

Human iPSC‑based translational and reverse translational research for neurodegenerative diseases: emphasis on ALS and key advances.

LEP Knockdown Improves Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury and Potentially Regulates Microglial Polarization via JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway.

Microglial senescence and epigenetic reprogramming in alzheimer’s disease: An immunometabolic perspective.

Combination of CSF α-synuclein seed amplification assay and amyloid-β42 predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease.

Immune checkpoint therapy biomarkers and immune-related complications

The immunology of human breast cancer.

Clinical outcomes and predictors of response to PD-(L)1 blockade in patients with NSCLC without actionable genomic alterations who never used tobacco.

Incidence of B cell malignancies in patients with lung cancer receiving PD-1 blockade therapy.

Asthma and COPD biologics/targeted therapies (real-world/pooled trials)

Safety and efficacy of astegolimab for COPD with frequent exacerbations regardless of baseline blood eosinophil counts (ALIENTO and ARNASA): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b and 3 trials.

Tezepelumab in Real-World U.S. Patients with Severe Asthma Across Phenotypes and Underrepresented Populations: The Phase 4 PASSAGE Study.

Astegolimab for COPD With Frequent Exacerbations: Pooled Analysis of the ALIENTO and ARNASA Trials.

Cancer microenvironment, metastasis niches, and stromal/CAF remodeling

Integrated multi-omics identifies distinct macrophage alterations during progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Tumour-derived SAA1 reprogrammes macrophages to promote CXCL1-mediated metastasis in Ovarian Cancer.

Single-cell analysis reveals IL1B+ macrophages promote lung metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Spatial Multi-Omics Defines Cancer-associated fibroblasts Subtype Gradients Driving Metabolic Support and Immune Remodeling in Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Cancer cell death, immunotherapy enhancement, and engineered immune cells

Monocyte infiltration induces CNS arginine catabolism to fuel neuroinflammation.

Antibody-Mediated Delivery of BRM/BRG1 Protein Degraders Affords Strong Antitumor Efficacy in Multiple BRM-Dependent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenograft Models.

CAR-engineered neutrophils derived from induced pluripotent stem cells: a new frontier in cellular immunotherapy.

Cancer and Immune Cells: A Metabolic Battle in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Clinical outcomes and spatial transcriptomic profiles of CD19/20 CAR-T therapy in relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Harnessing the GSDME-GSDMD pyroptosis cascade to turn tumour cells into “high-energy bombs” via disulfidptosis for potent lung cancer immunotherapy.

Epigenetics, chromatin regulation, and gene/biomarker stratification

H3K27me3 spreading organizes canonical PRC1 chromatin architecture to regulate developmental programs.

Targeting EHMT2 overcomes 5-fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer by modulating cell cycle and apoptosis.

Metabolic disease, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk indices

Myeloid Mas drives pyruvate kinase M2-mediated Spi1 lactylation to fuel inflammatory senescence in MASLD.

Comparative prognostic value of TyG index and TyG-BMI for 90-day all-cause mortality in critically ill older adults with ASCVD: a machine learning analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

Predictive value of the combined cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, glucose and frailty indices for cardiometabolic multimorbidity incidence: evidence from a national prospective cohort study.

Abdominal adiposity and accelerated biological ageing in relation to general and cardiovascular ageing in Chinese adults.

Innovations in Obesity Treatment: Beyond Adipose Tissue Dysfunction.

Islet inflammatory macrophages drive MSC loss and multiple interactions involved in β-cell adaptation during diabetes.

Cardiovascular risk, imaging, and prevention strategies

Cardiac MRI Across ESC Guidance in the Last Decade.

Fisetin Supplementation Attenuates Premature Vascular Aging Induced by Doxorubicin via Suppression of Cellular Senescence and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress.

Life Expectancy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Modern Molecular Profiling Recontextualizes the NRG/RTOG 0539 Trial and Reveals Hidden High-Risk and Radiotherapy Resistant Meningiomas.

Autoimmune/inflammatory disease management (guidelines/registries/therapeutics)

Comparative efficacy of pediatric atopic dermatitis treatments: a network meta-analysis highlighting dupilumab and pimecrolimus for SCORAD and EASI improvement.

Importance of Fostering International Collaboration for Optimal Outcomes of Kawasaki Disease Worldwide: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.

Dendritic cells as orchestrators in the allergen-specific immunotherapy of allergic diseases.

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis that Manifested after Administration of Benralizumab in a Patient with Refractory Recurrent Bronchial Asthma.

Small Molecules as Advanced Therapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Particularly Regarding Ulcerative Colitis.

Incidence of serious infections, herpes zoster and hepatitis B virus reactivation among patients with SLE: a cohort study using a health claims database in Japan.