PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 21, 2026

A curated digest of 97 trending PubMed articles, automatically categorised and summarised across 15 research areas.

Jump to category

Cancer metastasis, EMT, and tumor outgrowth Cancer therapy resistance and targeted vulnerabilities Immuno-oncology, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy Hematologic malignancies and CAR-T/biologic immunotherapies Cancer diagnostics, imaging, and computational pathology/AI Molecular mechanisms of fibrosis and organ remodeling Inflammation, immune regulation, and cytokine/innate immunity Infectious disease mechanisms, vaccines, and host-pathogen interactions Neurodegeneration and brain circuitry/biomarkers Neuromodulation and neuropsychiatric interventions Cardiovascular genetics, arrhythmia, and vascular biology Metabolic health, diabetes, obesity, and lifestyle interventions Reproductive aging, hormones, and sex-specific health Autoimmune disease therapeutics and clinical management Computational methods, AI systems, and genomic/omics tools

Automated digest · 97 articles · 15 research areas · May 21, 2026

Overview

This week’s papers strongly converge on a “systems-to-therapy” theme: mechanistic biology is being mapped at higher resolution (single-cell, spatial, multi-omics, and deep sequencing) to identify actionable targets and to anticipate how therapies fail. In oncology, multiple studies connect tumor behavior to specific regulatory axes—such as redox/metabolic plasticity in metastatic colonization, NRF2–SNAI EMT-like programs driven by myeloid ROS, and transcriptional/epigenomic rewiring that underlies osimertinib resistance. Others focus on overcoming resistance by targeting upstream vulnerabilities (e.g., WEE1 in acquired anti-EGFR resistance, GLUT3–lactylation–MAPKAP1–ferroptosis in paclitaxel resistance) and by improving immune efficacy in difficult contexts (armored CAR T strategies for heterogeneous glioma, macrophage CAR-M enhancement in HCC, and immunomodulatory targets like CysLTR1 to reverse checkpoint resistance).

A second dominant thread is the translation of biomarkers and diagnostics into practical clinical workflows. Several studies emphasize measurable readouts—peripheral pharmacodynamic markers for sotatercept in PAH, urine-based and imaging-based reporters for kidney fibrosis, and AI-based pathology/imaging pipelines for cancer detection and immunophenotyping. In parallel, clinical and guideline-oriented work (living ASCO myeloma guidance, real-world registries for myeloma bispecifics, and consensus methods for IBD trial design) reflects a push toward standardized, reproducible decision-making. Outside oncology, biomarker and circuit-level approaches appear in neurodegeneration (multi-analyte parkinsonism panels, in vivo imaging markers, and mechanistic models of disease genes) and in cardiovascular/metabolic risk stratification (genetic synergy in atrial fibrillation, activity/fitness dose-response, and post-infection metabolic dysfunction linked to NETosis).

Finally, there is a clear methodological momentum: AI and computational tools are being developed not just for prediction, but for end-to-end scientific acceleration (multi-agent hypothesis generation and automated experimental loops), and for expanding what can be measured (SV imputation from SNP data, splicing prediction with long-read integration, and new imaging hardware/software for naturalistic animal behavior). Together, these studies suggest the field is moving toward tighter coupling between mechanistic discovery, robust measurement, and therapy design—aiming to reduce uncertainty and improve real-world effectiveness.

Cancer metastasis, EMT, and tumor outgrowth

NRF2 activation by myeloid cell-derived oxidative stress induces SNAI-driven features of EMT in breast cancer.

This PNAS study examined how NRF2 activation driven by myeloid cell-derived oxidative stress induces SNAI-driven EMT-like features in breast cancer models. In co-culture experiments, NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species induced EMT-like changes in MCF-7, T-47D, 4T1, and EO771 cells through activation of SNAI transcription factors. The significance is that it links myeloid NOX2/ROS signaling to NRF2–SNAI EMT programs, identifying a mechanistic axis that may be exploitable to limit breast cancer metastasis.

Kaya M, Johnsson O, Issdisai N et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation for Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This triple-arm, randomized, sham-controlled single-center clinical trial studied ultra-brief intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with Parkinson disease depression (PD-D), comparing it with active high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) and sham stimulation. iTBS was evaluated for antidepressant efficacy and neurofunctional effects, with outcomes reported against both active HF-rTMS and sham (details truncated in the abstract provided). If effective, iTBS could offer a more time-efficient rTMS protocol for PD-D, improving feasibility of neuromodulation in routine clinical practice.

Hou M, Tian B, Qi C et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

One-Year Outcomes of the First 1000 Patients Implanted With the Medtronic Micra AV Leadless Pacing System in France: The AV-CESAR Cohort Study.

The AV-CESAR study evaluated one-year outcomes of the Medtronic Micra AV leadless pacing system in the first 1000 patients implanted in France between 2020 and 2024. Device implantation was successful in 1000/1003 patients (99.7%), with device-related major complications adjudicated centrally as early (in-hospital) and late (postdischarge) events. These real-world data support generalizability of Micra AV safety and performance beyond highly experienced centers, informing routine clinical adoption in a broad French population.

Kerkouri F, Clementy N, Defaye P et al. · Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Adipose-muscle crosstalk during the menopausal transition: mechanistic links to sarcopenic obesity in midlife women.

This mechanistic synthesis examined how adipose–muscle crosstalk during the menopausal transition contributes to sarcopenic obesity risk in midlife women, framed around STRAW+10 and the final menstrual period as an “acceleration window.” The authors link menopause-associated fat gain and ectopic/centripetal redistribution to inflammation, adipokine dysregulation, lipotoxic flux, and impaired insulin–AKT metabolic signaling that can promote sarcopenic obesity not captured by BMI alone. The work highlights specific biological pathways that could be targeted to prevent or mitigate sarcopenic obesity during the menopausal transition.

Zhang W, Wu Q, Chen Q et al. · Frontiers in endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

De novo COVID-19-associated insulin resistance drives dysregulated neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) four months after infection.

This study investigated whether de novo glucose metabolism disorders (GMDs) after SARS-CoV-2 infection drive neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) in 60 COVID-19 patients assessed about four months post-infection. Patients who developed de novo insulin resistance/GMDs showed dysregulated NETosis compared with those without post-COVID GMDs, consistent with neutrophil glycolysis sensitivity to systemic metabolic disturbance. The findings suggest post-infection metabolic dysfunction may mechanistically contribute to immunothrombosis risk via altered NET formation.

Sanhueza S, Cabrera C, Quiroga R et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Revisiting B-cell targeted therapies in rheumatoid arthritis: from paradoxical biology to deep immune reset.

This review re-examined B-cell–targeted therapy in rheumatoid arthritis, focusing on rituximab (anti-CD20) and why ~40% of patients fail to respond, using high-resolution transcriptomic and clinical cohort evidence. It argues that therapeutic resistance reflects more complex B-cell biology than simple depletion, including emergence of protective/tolerogenic anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) clones (e.g., mC03, tACPA). The “deep immune reset” perspective may guide more precise patient stratification and next-generation B-cell–directed strategies in RA.

Huang M, Dong F, Liu Q et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Nutritional Supplementation Combined with Exercise for Musculoskeletal Health in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating Proteins, Amino Acids, and Creatine across Reproductive Stages.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether nutritional supplementation combined with exercise improves musculoskeletal health in women across reproductive stages, focusing on proteins, amino acids, and creatine. Across included studies, the combined approach was assessed for effects on muscle mass outcomes with attention to menopausal-transition–related metabolic vulnerability. The results aim to clarify evidence-based nutrition–exercise prescriptions for preserving muscle during reproductive aging.

Chen KH, Yeh TP, Lin SC et al. · International journal of medical sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Sex-Stratified Genetic Analyses Mapping the Influences of Sedentary Behaviors and Physical Activity on Female Reproductive Health.

This study performed sex-stratified genome-wide association analyses to map genetic influences of sedentary behaviors and physical activity on female reproductive health using European participants from UK Biobank. It identified 18 novel sex-stratified variants associated with these lifestyle exposures and reported that leisure screen time (LST) was more heritable in women than men, with Mendelian randomization used to test causal relationships. These findings help connect sex-specific lifestyle genetics to reproductive disorder risk and support more tailored prevention strategies.

Shao C, Yang Q, Huang L et al. · Research (Washington, D.C.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Multicenter Phase II Study on Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab Combination Therapy in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Child-Pugh Classification B Cirrhosis: CHALLENGE Trial.

The CHALLENGE phase II trial studied atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and Child-Pugh B cirrhosis (score 7–8) who had not received prior systemic therapy. Patients received atezolizumab 1200 mg and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks, with the primary endpoint focused on safety (device/efficacy details truncated in the abstract). Establishing tolerability and activity in Child-Pugh B addresses an unmet need because atezo+bev is standard for Child-Pugh A but not well defined for more impaired liver function.

Terashima T, Ikeda M, Yamashita T et al. · Liver cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Novel PROTAC Confers a Dual Benefit Against Amyloid and Tau Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease via DAPK1 Degradation.

This preclinical study investigated a novel PROTAC that targets death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) to reduce both amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease models. By promoting DAPK1 degradation, the PROTAC provided dual benefit against amyloid and tau pathology, linking upstream DAPK1 control to both amyloid precursor protein processing and tau phosphorylation. The approach supports DAPK1-directed targeted protein degradation as a strategy to modify core AD disease mechanisms rather than only symptoms.

Li R, Yao J, Peng W et al. · International journal of biological sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Elucidating Tumorigenesis Mechanisms and Assessing Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Patient-Derived Medulloblastoma Organoid Models.

This study established 10 patient-derived medulloblastoma organoid models (MBOs) to preserve tumor histology and cellular diversity and to evaluate tumorigenesis mechanisms and immunotherapeutic efficacy. The organoids showed strong infiltration in vitro via co-culture with human embryonic stem cell–derived cerebral organoids and in vivo after orthotopic or subcutaneous transplantation. These patient-derived systems provide a more faithful platform for testing therapies and dissecting mechanisms in medulloblastoma heterogeneity.

Zhang J, Wang M, Rui H et al. · International journal of biological sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

GLUT3 drives paclitaxel resistance in peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer by promoting H3K18 lactylation-mediated MAPKAP1 transcription to suppress ferroptosis.

This study examined how GLUT3 promotes paclitaxel resistance in peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer by driving H3K18 lactylation–mediated MAPKAP1 transcription to suppress ferroptosis. Using single-cell (nucleus) sequencing and immunohistochemistry, the authors compared paclitaxel-resistant versus -sensitive patient tissues, then used GLUT3 knockdown in AGS and HGC27 cells and GLUT3 overexpression in MKN45 cells to model resistance. The mechanism implicates a GLUT3–lactylation–MAPKAP1–ferroptosis axis as a potential therapeutic target to overcome intraperitoneal paclitaxel resistance.

Sun Y, Duan X, Zhang B et al. · International journal of biological sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cathepsin H drives hypoxia-associated inflammatory and angiogenic programs in diabetic retinopathy and represents a potential therapeutic target.

This study used integrative multi-omics (GWAS, eQTL, pQTL, mQTL) plus Mendelian randomization and Bayesian colocalization to identify causal regulators of hypoxia-associated inflammatory and angiogenic programs in diabetic retinopathy, focusing on cathepsin H (CTSH) in human datasets and experimental validation. CTSH was the strongest genetically supported candidate driver of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), with evidence that circulating CTSH is elevated in diabetic retinopathy. These findings position CTSH as a mechanistic upstream target linking hypoxia, inflammation, and angiogenesis, supporting CTSH-directed therapeutic strategies for PDR.

Cui X, Zhao Q, Hui J et al. · International journal of biological sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The Natural History and Individualized Prediction of Liver Stiffness-Based Fibrosis Risk in MASLD.

This study analyzed a real-world MASLD cohort using a multi-state, time-homogeneous Markov model to quantify liver stiffness measurement (LSM) transitions among low-, intermediate-, and high-risk strata and to build a time-updated individualized prediction model incorporating age, sex, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and hypertension. The key finding was that LSM-risk is dynamic and can be modeled with annual transition probabilities to improve prediction of liver-related events and death (LREs/death) beyond static LSM thresholds. Clinically, this enables more personalized, time-updated risk stratification for MASLD patients based on longitudinal LSM trajectories.

Shi Y, Zhou R, Kim SU et al. · Clinical and molecular hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Real-World Evaluation of Talquetamab for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM): An International Myeloma Working Group Immunotherapy Registry Real-World Analysis.

This international myeloma working group immunotherapy registry study evaluated talquetamab, a GPRC5D×CD3 bispecific antibody, in 151 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) across five countries, reporting real-world muco-cutaneous toxicities, infections, and efficacy. Talquetamab showed measurable effectiveness with detailed real-world toxicity characterization, including substantial rates of skin toxicity and infections, and outcomes in a population that included many patients with high-risk features and prior BCMA therapy. The results support more accurate real-world expectations for benefit and adverse events of talquetamab in RRMM beyond trial eligibility criteria.

Janakiram M, Tan CR, Mian H et al. · American journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

This multidisciplinary CHIP clinic study performed clinico-genomic profiling of therapy-related clonal hematopoiesis (t-CH, n=67) versus de novo CH (n=123) to characterize natural history and mutation patterns after chemotherapy/radiotherapy/immune interventions. The most enriched mutations in t-CH were TET2 (26.2%), DNMT3A (22.4%), and TP53 (8.4%), with a median latency of 6.96 years from exposure to t-CH diagnosis and worse event-free survival compared with de novo CH. These findings clarify the ontogeny and prognostic impact of therapy-associated CHIP, informing surveillance and risk stratification after cancer or immune therapies.

Patel SA, Zhu V, Gerber WK et al. · American journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy and safety of biologics for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a network meta-analysis.

This network meta-analysis compared biologic therapies for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) in adult patients by systematically searching multiple databases and using a random-effects network meta-analysis to assess relative efficacy and safety. The key finding was a comparative ranking of biologics for EGPA outcomes and adverse events, synthesizing evidence across trials to identify which agents perform best on efficacy and tolerability. Scientifically and clinically, this provides an evidence-based framework for selecting biologics in EGPA when head-to-head data are limited.

Zhang Y, Yang Y · Postgraduate medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Piezo1 mediates hypoxia-induced endometriosis fibrosis via the mtDNA -dependent cGAS-STING pathway.

This study investigated how hypoxia drives endometriosis fibrosis by testing the role of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 and its connection to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-dependent cGAS-STING signaling in endometriosis models. It found that Piezo1 mediates hypoxia-induced fibrotic responses via an mtDNA-dependent activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. These mechanistic results identify Piezo1–cGAS-STING signaling as a potential therapeutic axis to reduce endometriosis-associated fibrosis and its downstream pain/infertility burden.

Ouyang Z, Zhang L, Tan J et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Reciprocal molecular and cellular cholinergic working memory impairments in Alzheimer’s disease model mice.

This study used multiscale molecular and cellular analyses to examine reciprocal working memory impairments in Alzheimer’s disease model mice, focusing on cholinergic persistent firing in the granular retrosplenial cortex (RSG) of 5xFAD mice. The key finding was that cholinergic-induced persistent signaling and related neuron-type-specific transcriptomic/physiological features are impaired in the RSG in 5xFAD mice. These results link basal forebrain cholinergic degeneration to circuit-level working memory dysfunction, supporting targeted strategies to restore cholinergic persistent activity in AD.

Rybicki-Kler CI, Brooks IAW, Jedrasiak-Cape I et al. · Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Precision nutrition for the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease.

This is a review that studied (synthesized) evidence on precision nutrition approaches for prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), focusing on how tailored dietary recommendations can be built from multidimensional individual characteristics and multiomics traits. The key finding is that dietary response heterogeneity can be addressed through a stepwise precision nutrition framework, including phenotype-based stratification and multiomics-informed personalization. Clinically, it provides a roadmap for translating nutrition science into more individualized IBD care rather than one-size-fits-all dietary advice.

Chen J, Dan L, Wellens J et al. · Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A deep learning system for non-invasive breast cancer diagnosis with multimodal data.

This study developed and evaluated BINDS, a deep learning system for non-invasive breast cancer diagnosis that integrates multimodal medical imaging data for risk assessment and subtype classification. The key finding was that BINDS uses a two-stage workflow—initial ultrasound and/or mammography followed by multimodal incorporation of magnetic resonance imaging—to improve diagnostic performance and align radiology with pathology. This supports a more accurate, biopsy-reducing diagnostic pipeline by combining multiple imaging modalities in a clinically matched decision process.

Li Y, Zhang J, Chen H et al. · Nature biomedical engineering · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A multimodal biomarker strategy to enhance diagnostic precision in neurodegenerative parkinsonism.

This prospective cohort study evaluated a multimodal biomarker strategy for neurodegenerative parkinsonism that combined dermal α-synuclein seed amplification assays (SAAs) and 4-repeat tau SAAs with serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) to enhance diagnostic precision. The key finding was that α-synuclein SAA identified synucleinopathies with high sensitivity, and the combined biomarker panel improved differential diagnosis across Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and controls, with independent external validation. Scientifically and clinically, this demonstrates that minimally invasive, multi-analyte biomarker integration can better resolve overlapping parkinsonian syndromes than single-protein tests.

Martinez-Valbuena I, Emamikhah M, Olszewska DA et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

NDRG2 orchestrates circadian clock stability to suppress tumorigenesis and potentiate oxaliplatin response in colorectal cancer.

This study examined how the tumor suppressor gene NDRG2 regulates circadian clock stability and affects colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and oxaliplatin response in intestinal-specific Ndrg2 knockout mice under circadian disruption. NDRG2 was identified as a stabilizer of the core clock protein CLOCK by bidirectionally regulating CLOCK ubiquitination—suppressing STUB1-mediated degradation while promoting stabilization via USP8. The NDRG2–CLOCK axis links circadian biology to CRC tumorigenesis and suggests a mechanistic rationale for improving oxaliplatin efficacy through circadian-targeted pathways.

Li R, Ding R, Dan H et al. · Oncogene · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The rise and fall of SARM1 base-exchange inhibitors.

This study characterized a class of SARM1 base-exchange inhibitors (BEXi) targeting the sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) enzyme implicated in axonal degeneration, using biochemical and cellular assays plus structural techniques. Although BEXi robustly inhibited SARM1 across assays, sub-inhibitory concentrations paradoxically activated SARM1, and neuronal assays showed accelerated neurite degeneration. These results highlight a key translational risk for SARM1 inhibitor development and define mechanistic/structural determinants of base-exchange inhibitor behavior.

Lundbäck T, Chandrasekar V, Gu C et al. · Communications chemistry · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Transcription attenuation amplifies collateral vulnerabilities in rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

This study used CRISPRi comparative functional genomics to map gene vulnerability differences in rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains carrying the β-subunit RNA polymerase mutations βS450L, βD435V, and βH445Y. Transcription attenuation was found to amplify collateral vulnerabilities that are specific to the βS450L rifampicin-resistance background. The work identifies mutation-dependent Achilles’ heels that could inform targeted combination strategies against rifampicin-resistant TB.

Eckartt KA, Munsamy-Govender V, Quiñones-Garcia S et al. · Nature microbiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

HELIX: a scalable model for predicting context-dependent regulation of RNA splicing and isoform usage.

This study developed HELIX, a hierarchical deep learning model to predict context-dependent regulation of RNA splicing and isoform usage by integrating pre-mRNA sequence with RNA-binding protein expression profiles. By training on both short-read and long-read RNA sequencing data, HELIX improved accuracy over existing short-read-only splicing prediction methods for differential splicing events and splicing strength. The approach provides a scalable computational framework for forecasting tissue- and condition-specific splicing programs relevant to disease.

Zhou Z, Wu B, Zheng X et al. · Nature computational science · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

TMPRSS2-induced Golgi disruption restricts the incorporation of virus envelope glycoproteins into virions.

This study investigated how the host protease TMPRSS2 affects viral production-phase infectivity, focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 in virus-producing cells. TMPRSS2 enzymatic activity reduced infectivity by disrupting the trans-Golgi through phosphorylation of Golgi stacking components, and inhibiting TMPRSS2 increased production of infectious virions. These findings identify a host-factor mechanism that could be exploited to modulate viral assembly and infectivity.

Seki S, Harada S, Sugimoto-Ishige A et al. · EMBO reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Algorithm-driven HPV vaccine allocation paradigm for cervical cancer elimination targeting the Chinese population.

This study modeled optimal, budget-sustainable HPV vaccination strategies for cervical cancer elimination in China using Bayesian optimization combined with transmission dynamics and decision analysis. It estimated that elimination within 40 years would require 23.97% vaccination coverage among 15–17-year-old girls using the domestic nonavalent vaccine, with longer-term outcomes varying by coverage and horizon. The results provide a quantitative allocation paradigm to guide national HPV vaccine policy and maximize impact under fiscal constraints.

Zhou L, Luo W, Qin R et al. · NPJ digital medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Differential assembly of mouse and human tumor microenvironments.

This study systematically immunoprofiled 15 commonly used mouse tumor models to compare how their tumor microenvironments (TMEs) assemble relative to human tumors. Most murine TMEs recapitulated poorly infiltrated human tumors but were extensively biased toward high macrophage densities, with substantial species-specific differences in chemokine expression networks and discordant frequencies of T and myeloid subtypes. These findings indicate that cross-species TME assembly is not fully conserved, which is critical for interpreting and translating immunotherapy results from mouse models to patients.

Courau T, Jaszczak RG, Samad B et al. · Nature immunology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gene-gene interactions between a LMNA variant and common polymorphisms drive early-onset atrial fibrillation.

This work investigated how interactions between a rare LMNA protein-altering variant and common polymorphisms influence early-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) using polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses in UK Biobank and All of Us and functional studies in iPSC-derived atrial cardiomyocytes. Carriers of LMNA protein-altering variants had a higher incident AF risk than predicted by PRS alone, and iPSC-derived atrial cardiomyocytes from individuals with the pathogenic LMNA missense variant p.S143P showed widespread disruption of chromatin architecture. The study supports a mechanistic genetic model in which LMNA variants synergize with common risk alleles to drive AF pathogenesis, informing risk stratification and variant-specific biology.

Owais A, Chen H, Farooq H et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Rank-dependent control of tuft and BEST4 cell development in the intestine.

This study examined how TNFRSF11A/RANK controls intestinal epithelial specialization in zebrafish, using lineage trajectory analysis to define tuft cell subtypes and assessing cell-type frequencies under RANK deficiency. RANK deficiency reduced immune-regulatory tuft cells and BEST4 cells, increased goblet cell frequency, and promoted accumulation of pro-inflammatory leukocytes, including a tuft subtype enriched for pro-inflammatory leukotriene biosynthesis genes. These results identify RANK as an essential developmental regulator of tuft/BEST4 cell programs that shape mucosal immune balance.

Willms RJ, McCabe T, Jones LO et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

MAIT cell enrichment in Lynch syndrome is associated with immune surveillance and colorectal cancer risk.

This study profiled tumor-free colonic tissue from Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers with and without prior colorectal cancer using Expanded Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by sequencing (ECLIPSE), focusing on mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell enrichment. MAIT cell enrichment in LS was associated with immune surveillance features and correlated with colorectal cancer risk differences between LS groups. These findings suggest MAIT-cell–linked immune microenvironment signatures may help explain early CRC risk in LS and could inform risk stratification or prevention approaches.

Yang H, Dungan M, Madhu B et al. · Gut · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Metabolic plasticity and optimal redox homeostasis are essential for efficient metastatic colonization.

This study examined how metabolic plasticity and redox homeostasis regulate metastatic colonization using murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines engineered to model distinct epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) states with different ZEB1 expression and lung-colonization capacities. The authors found that highly plastic epithelial-type cancer cells (KPCepi) colonized the lung more efficiently and that optimal redox homeostasis was required for efficient metastatic outgrowth. These findings suggest that targeting redox-regulated metabolic plasticity could be a strategy to limit ZEB1-associated metastatic colonization in solid tumors.

Grace E, Zou D, Böttcher-Loschinski R et al. · Molecular metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer therapy resistance and targeted vulnerabilities

A Non-Canonical Core Transcriptional Regulatory Circuit Orchestrates Chromatin Reprogramming to Drive Osimertinib Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

This work studied osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using integrated epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling to define a non-canonical transcriptional regulatory circuit. The authors identified a resistance-specific enhancer/promoter co-binding complex formed by ID3, SMAD3, and NR2F2 that reciprocally enhances each other’s transcriptional activity and drives downstream resistance programs. Clinically, targeting components of the ID3–SMAD3–NR2F2 circuit could help overcome or prevent osimertinib resistance by disrupting the epigenetic transcriptional rewiring.

Liu A, Liu Z, Jiang L et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

E2F-mediated activation of mTORC1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression.

This study examined how the atypical E2F factor E2F8 activates mTORC1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system to drive lung adenocarcinoma progression, integrating TCGA/GEO analyses with single-cell RNA-seq from LUAD and mechanistic experiments. E2F8 was upregulated in LUAD, correlated with worse clinicopathological features, and promoted mTORC1 signaling by regulating ubiquitin-proteasome–dependent control of the pathway. The work links E2F8–ubiquitin-proteasome–mediated mTORC1 activation to LUAD aggressiveness, suggesting E2F8 and proteasome-linked nodes as potential therapeutic targets.

Xue W, Wang M, Hu T et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

WEE1 kinase inhibition to overcome acquired resistance to targeted therapies in colorectal cancer.

In colorectal cancer models with acquired resistance to anti-EGFR targeted therapies, the study tested whether inhibiting the WEE1 kinase could overcome resistance using a DDR-inhibitor screening strategy. A targeted pharmacological screen identified WEE1 as a leading candidate, and validation in xenograft models (and patient-derived context, truncated) supported WEE1 inhibition as a therapeutic vulnerability in resistant tumors. Clinically, targeting WEE1 may offer a strategy to treat CRC patients whose tumors have developed resistance to EGFR/MAPK pathway inhibitors.

Buzo K, Bizzozero L, Lentini M et al. · EMBO molecular medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Immuno-oncology, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy

Targeting cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 reprograms tumor-promoting myelopoiesis and overcomes immune checkpoint therapy resistance.

This study investigated the role of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) in STAT3-dependent emergency myelopoiesis and immune checkpoint therapy resistance, using genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition approaches in tumor models. Targeting CysLTR1 reduced tumor growth and enhanced antitumor immunity by rewiring granulopoiesis and reprogramming neutrophils away from an immunosuppressive phenotype. These findings support CysLTR1 as a tractable immunomodulatory target to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint therapy.

Tang H, Xie P, Ahn J et al. · Nature cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Differential effects of prior versus concomitant Steroid and Antibiotic Treatment on Immunotherapy Efficacy - A Pooled Analysis of the RAMONA, INTEGA, OPTIM, ELDORANDO, FORCE, TITAN-RCC and TITAN-TCC Trials of the German AIO Study Group.

This pooled analysis evaluated associations between immune-related adverse events (irAE) and prior versus concomitant antibiotic or steroid use on outcomes after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment across multiple solid tumors in 693 patients from seven German AIO trials (RAMONA, INTEGA, OPTIM, ELDORANDO, FORCE, TITAN-RCC, TITAN-TCC). The study assessed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in relation to antibiotic/steroid exposure before and during ICI therapy. Clinically, the results aim to clarify how concomitant medications may influence ICI effectiveness and toxicity risk across cancer types.

Wiest IC, Dreikhausen L, Keller R et al. · British journal of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Spatial single-cell landscape of tumor-associated macrophages and their crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment.

This study constructed a pan-cancer atlas of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) by integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data from 291 human samples across 16 cancer types to define TAM subtypes and their crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment (TME). It identified 28 TAM subtypes with distinct spatial distributions and interaction programs, including TAMs in peritumoral versus core regions that were linked to angiogenesis and tumor progression. The atlas improves mechanistic understanding of TAM heterogeneity and spatial immune interactions, supporting more precise macrophage-targeted strategies.

Nie RC, Hu GS, Cao SQ et al. · Cell discovery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Impact of prior primary tumor resection on long-term prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab: a multicenter analysis.

This multicenter retrospective analysis studied the prognostic impact of prior primary tumor resection (cytoreductive nephrectomy, CN) on long-term outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) at eight Japanese institutions. Patients were stratified by timing of metastasis and CN status, and the study assessed progression-free survival and overall survival to determine whether CN timing modifies benefit. The findings inform how surgical history may influence prognosis in mRCC treated with NIVO+IPI, potentially guiding clinical decision-making around cytoreductive nephrectomy.

Yamashita S, Hamamoto S, Bando Y et al. · International journal of clinical oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Prognostic significance of early tumor shrinkage in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy.

This retrospective study evaluated whether early tumor shrinkage predicts outcomes in mRCC patients receiving first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy, including nivolumab+ipilimumab, pembrolizumab (or avelumab)+axitinib, pembrolizumab+lenvatinib, and nivolumab+cabozantinib. Early tumor shrinkage at the first post-treatment imaging assessment was analyzed for its association with survival endpoints to determine prognostic significance. The results support using early radiographic response as a practical prognostic biomarker in ICI-based combination regimens for mRCC.

Matsuyama N, Hara T, Ueki H et al. · International journal of clinical oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Realizing the potential of agonistic antibody immunotherapy.

This review article examined the scientific basis for agonistic antibody immunotherapy, focusing on how antibodies that mimic ligands activate target receptors and how this translates into immune modulation for autoimmune disease and cancer. It concluded that despite strong mechanistic rationale and preclinical promise, clinical benefit has been limited so far, but recent advances in understanding signaling and receptor biology are enabling better antibody engineering. The review provides a roadmap for designing next-generation agonistic antibodies with improved likelihood of clinical efficacy.

Cragg MS, Yu X, Paluch C et al. · Nature reviews. Drug discovery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

GSK-3 regulates CD4-CD8 cooperation for super-armed CD8+ cytolytic T cells in immunotherapy against tumors.

This study examined how glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) regulates CD4–CD8 cooperation and differentiation of TCF-1+ progenitor and memory CD8+ T cells in mouse models of tumor immunotherapy and chronic LCMV Cl13 infection. GSK-3 knockdown (GSK-3 KD) reshaped basal T-cell homeostasis and skewed differentiation toward memory-phenotype subsets, enhancing antiviral and anti-tumor immunity and supporting “super-armed” CD8+ cytolytic T-cell function. These findings identify GSK-3 as a cell-intrinsic target to improve coordinated CD4–CD8 responses for more effective immunotherapy.

Moës B, Krueger J, Liu C et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Five years after IMbrave150 with clinical integration of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma.

This article summarizes 5-year clinical outcomes and practical management considerations from IMbrave150 for atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (atezo/bev) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). It reports that atezo/bev remains first-line standard therapy, with durable responses enabling downstaging and occasional drug-free remission, while emphasizing safety issues such as variceal bleeding risk and the need for surveillance of hypertension and proteinuria. The clinical integration guidance helps optimize long-term use and patient selection for atezo/bev in uHCC, including in hepatitis B virus–related disease with antiviral therapy.

Lai KC, Chen SC · Annals of hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Hematologic malignancies and CAR-T/biologic immunotherapies

Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: ASCO Living Guideline, Version 2026.1.1.

This ASCO living guideline systematically reviewed and continuously updated evidence on treatment strategies for multiple myeloma in clinical practice. The key output is an annually/periodically refreshed set of recommendations produced by an expert panel using ASCO’s living-guideline methodology and conflict-of-interest policies. Clinically, it is intended to guide oncologists while emphasizing that recommendations do not replace individualized clinician judgment and must account for patient-specific variation.

Banerjee R, Cheung MC, Derman B et al. · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Erythrocyte patch for enhanced B cell depletion therapy.

This study engineered a CD20-targeted erythrocyte patch (“CD20 EryPatch”) to enhance B cell depletion by combining mechanotransduction and phagocytic “tag-and-clear” mechanisms. The key finding is that the living dynamic patch adheres to B cells via CD20 and uses a discocyte-to-echinocyte transition to generate deformability-driven traction that improves depletion efficiency. Clinically and translationally, the approach aims to overcome the gap between antibody binding and effective signaling by adding physical/mechanobiological functionality to B cell–targeted therapy.

Liu J, Wang F, Li L · Science advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Armored chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy targets antigen-heterogeneous glioma.

This preclinical study engineered armored CAR T cells to address antigen heterogeneity and immunosuppression in glioma, testing combinations of immunomodulatory proteins in immunocompetent mouse models. In head-to-head in vivo comparisons, CAR T cells expressing a CAR plus IL-12 and a decoy-resistant form of IL-18 (CAR-12.DR18) showed strong efficacy against antigen-heterogeneous glioma. The findings support IL-12 plus decoy-resistant IL-18 “armoring” as a strategy to improve CAR-T performance in heterogeneous, immunosuppressive brain tumors.

Clubb JD, Shih RM, Gao TA et al. · Cancer research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeting ZMIZ1 induces differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia via chromatin remodeling.

This study investigated whether targeting the transcriptional co-regulator ZMIZ1 could restore differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using a targeted CRISPR-Cas9 screen and genetic/functional assays in AML models and patient data. ZMIZ1 was elevated in AML and its genetic ablation induced terminal differentiation and reduced leukemic burden via chromatin remodeling. These findings support ZMIZ1 as a differentiation-therapy target in non-APL AML and provide a mechanistic rationale for chromatin-remodeling–based differentiation strategies.

Li H, Liu Y, Cui J et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

USP22 Inhibition Potentiates GPC3 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophages Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Downregulating Tumor CD24 Expression.

This preclinical study evaluated whether USP22 inhibition enhances efficacy of glypican-3 (GPC3) chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-M) in hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating tumor CD24 expression. In GPC3-targeted CAR-M models, USP22 inhibition potentiated anti-tumor activity and mechanistically reduced CD24 levels in tumor cells, improving macrophage-mediated responses. The work supports combining macrophage checkpoint targeting (USP22 inhibition) with antigen-specific CAR-M therapy as a strategy to overcome resistance in HCC.

Pan J, Pan S, Lei Y et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Next-generation CAR-T therapies: From personalized anti-cancer drugs to broadly applicable disease-modifying treatments.

This review synthesized advances in next-generation CAR-T approaches, focusing on how therapies are moving from personalized autologous products toward broadly applicable disease-modifying treatments. It highlights two major directions—allogeneic CAR-T enabled by gene editing (e.g., TCR/HLA knockout) or non-gene-editing strategies (e.g., shRNA/protein expression blockers) to reduce GVHD/HvGR, and in vivo CAR-T using engineered viral vectors or targeted lipid nanoparticles (tLNP) to reprogram endogenous T cells. The review frames key engineering and delivery innovations that could expand CAR-T access and durability beyond conventional ex vivo manufacturing.

Wen M, Li J, Xu S et al. · Transplantation and cellular therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer diagnostics, imaging, and computational pathology/AI

Explainable AI in Cancer Imaging: Scoping Review of Methods, Modalities, and Clinical Integration.

This scoping review mapped how explainable AI (xAI) methods are applied to radiologic cancer imaging across study modalities and clinical integration efforts. It found that reporting and validation of explainability remain fragmented, with persistent gaps in standardized evaluation and real-world clinical deployment evidence. The work highlights where future cancer imaging xAI studies should strengthen methodological transparency, validation rigor, and integration pathways to improve clinician trust and diagnostic reliability.

Fotopoulos D, Ladakis I, Filos D et al. · Journal of medical Internet research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Development and validation of artificial intelligence-based model for bladder cancer immunophenotyping using whole slide images.

This study developed and validated an AI-based computational pathology system for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) immunophenotyping using hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) whole-slide images in a multicenter retrospective cohort from two Chinese hospitals plus The Cancer Genome Atlas. The model produced reproducible, scalable immunophenotype classification from routine pathology slides and was validated against independent cohorts. Standardized whole-slide AI immunophenotyping could improve prediction of immunotherapy response and clinical outcomes in MIBC.

Zheng Q, Mei H, Weng X et al. · NPJ precision oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

High-depth whole genome sequencing of premalignant breast lesions reveals rearrangement hotspots and personalized management opportunities.

High-depth whole-genome sequencing was performed on ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions enriched for high-grade cases to identify genomic features linked to progression risk and potential personalized vulnerabilities. The study found structural-variation-prone genomic locations termed SHOREs that are likely susceptible to generating initiating lesions for subsequent evolution. This suggests deep WGS can stratify DCIS biology and inform personalized management opportunities beyond current surgical/radiotherapy decisions.

Chmelova L, Davies HR, Degasperi A et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Molecular mechanisms of fibrosis and organ remodeling

Sotatercept reduces bone morphogenetic protein signaling in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

This study evaluated whether sotatercept target engagement can be monitored using peripheral blood bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway-specific markers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Sotatercept reduced BMP signaling as reflected by changes in these circulating surrogate biomarkers, addressing the need for practical, clinically accessible pharmacodynamic readouts. Scientifically and clinically, the findings support peripheral blood markers as feasible tools to track pathway inhibition when lung tissue is not available for molecular profiling.

Jones RJ, De Bie EMDD, Deliu N et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Urinary fluorogenic reporters for noninvasive detection and staging of kidney fibrosis.

This work developed fibrogenesis sensing reporters (FSRs) for noninvasive in vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging and ex vivo translational urinalysis to detect and stage kidney fibrosis. The FSRs improved diagnostic accuracy by simultaneously engaging two upregulated fibrotic biomarkers—lysyl oxidase-derived allysine (LysAld) and transglutaminase 2 (TG2)—while using engineered nonfluorescent, renal-clearance properties. The approach is significant because it offers a practical urine-based and imaging-based route for diagnosing kidney fibrosis, potentially enabling earlier and more targeted CKD management.

Zhu L, He F, Deng W et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

SIRT6-Mediated Deacetylation of ATF3 Promotes Silica-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Enhancing its Nuclear Import via Binding to Importin α.

This study investigated how SIRT6-mediated deacetylation of ATF3 drives silica-induced lung fibrosis, focusing on senescent macrophages identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in human and mouse lung tissue from healthy and silicosis conditions. The authors found that SIRT6 deacetylates ATF3 to enhance its nuclear import via binding to importin α, promoting macrophage senescence and downstream pro-fibrotic signaling (with additional downstream mechanisms truncated). These findings suggest the SIRT6–ATF3 axis as a mechanistic target to limit senescent macrophage–driven progression of silicosis.

Cheng D, Bu W, Wang F et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Western diet-induced MASH in PWK/PhJ mice identifies disruptions in amino acid and sphingolipid metabolism contributing to cardiac dysfunction.

This study used Western diet (WD) feeding to induce metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in male and female PWK/PhJ mice and then assessed hepatic fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. After 17 weeks of WD challenge, mice developed liver fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction, with early transcriptomic changes linked to translation and lipid metabolism and elevated cholesterol levels. The model and identified metabolic disruptions (amino acid and sphingolipid metabolism) provide mechanistic targets for understanding how severe MASH drives cardiovascular complications.

Rodríguez-López S, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Badreddine A et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Oxysterol undersulfation promotes osteoarthritis by fueling chondrocyte lipid accumulation.

This study investigated how defective sulfation of lipid metabolites promotes osteoarthritis (OA) by driving chondrocyte lipid accumulation, focusing on the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) and its sulfated derivative 25HC3S. In genetically modified male mice with sulfation defects, cartilage lipid droplet accumulation implicated altered 25HC metabolism, and transcriptomics plus peptide-centric local stability assays indicated that 25HC and 25HC3S differ in their effects on pathogenic lipid handling (full mechanistic details in the text). The work highlights oxysterol undersulfation as a driver of OA pathogenesis and points to sulfation status of lipid metabolites as a potential therapeutic target.

Wang H, Ni B, Qian Y et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Inflammation, immune regulation, and cytokine/innate immunity

Intestinal obstruction impairs feeding and promotes sleep in Drosophila melanogaster.

This study used the Drosophila melanogaster model to investigate how intestinal obstruction affects feeding initiation and sleep around early life. It showed that meconium excretion must be partially completed before feeding begins, and that disrupting a cis-regulatory element linked to the apterous gene causes hindgut developmental failure, meconium excretion defects, intestinal obstruction, and downstream behavioral/physiological changes. The results are significant for understanding how developmental gut processes coordinate fundamental survival behaviors and for identifying genetic regulatory elements (apterous-associated) that control these couplings.

Reinger C, Blackie L, Medeiros AM et al. · Science advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The immunoproteome and multimorbidity: A Mendelian randomization study.

This Mendelian randomization study used eight large plasma proteome GWAS to test whether genetically influenced immune-protein levels causally affect multiple diseases and biomarkers. Using cis-MR with cis-acting variants for 151 immune proteins across 64 outcomes, it identified immune-protein–disease communities and applied replication in independent pQTLs with colocalization to validate shared signals. The scientific significance is that it prioritizes immune proteins with causal, multi-disease relevance and highlights potential therapeutic targets for multimorbidity.

Hukerikar N, Hingorani AD, Chopade S et al. · Science advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Soluble uric acid suppresses neutrophil-mediated host defense in sepsis.

This study tested whether soluble uric acid (sUA) impairs neutrophil function in sepsis by using mouse models of endotoxemia and bacterial sepsis with hyperuricemia (HU) induced by elevated serum UA. HU exacerbated inflammatory responses while simultaneously suppressing host defense, and the detrimental effect was partially reversible by lowering UA levels. The results identify sUA as a causal mediator of neutrophil dysfunction in sepsis, suggesting that UA-lowering strategies could improve infection outcomes.

Li Q, Anders J, Flora K et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

An epifluorescence microscope design for naturalistic behavior and cellular activity in freely moving Caenorhabditis elegans.

This study developed Wormspy, a cost-effective open-source epifluorescence microscope system, to image neuronal activity and behavior in freely moving Caenorhabditis elegans. Wormspy enabled simultaneous tracking without restraining animals and successfully imaged body wall muscles, sensory neurons, and subcellular calcium events in interneuron axons, reproducing known mutant phenotypes and revealing additional biology (as described in the full text). The platform lowers technical barriers for naturalistic, high-magnification functional imaging in C. elegans.

Wittekindt SN, Owens H, Guisnet A et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Blockade of NKp46⁻ CCR6⁻ ILC3 autophagy protects against necrotizing enterocolitis by restoring energy metabolism balance in mice.

In a mouse model of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the study examined how NKp46−CCR6− group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) drive disease and how autophagy regulates their metabolism. Atg5-mediated autophagy in RORγt+ DN ILC3s promotes NEC, and Atg5 conditional knockout reduces DN ILC3 accumulation and IL-17A production while shifting metabolism from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation via decreased HIF-1α chromatin accessibility/activity. These findings identify the Atg5–HIF-1α metabolic axis in pathogenic DN ILC3s as a mechanistic target to protect against NEC.

He J, Chen M, Peng L et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Comorbid diabetes disease severity and microbial changes in patients with bronchiectasis: a combined analysis of data from the EMBARC, EMBARC-India, Australian, and BE-China registries.

This combined analysis of EMBARC, EMBARC-India, BE-China, and ABR registries studied how comorbid diabetes severity affects clinical outcomes and microbial/inflammatory profiles in patients with non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The key finding was that diabetes severity was associated with worse clinical outcomes and distinct microbial and inflammatory characteristics compared with patients without diabetes (details in the full text). This is significant because it identifies diabetes as a modifiable risk factor and suggests that diabetes-informed stratification could improve bronchiectasis management.

Hull RC, Liu Y, Cao Z et al. · The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Infectious disease mechanisms, vaccines, and host-pathogen interactions

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa ribonuclease Ribocin cleaves eukaryotic ribosomes at helix 69 to inhibit host translation.

This study investigated the bacterial ribonuclease Ribocin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its role in cleaving eukaryotic ribosomes at helix 69 (H69) to inhibit host translation. It found that Ribocin is necessary and sufficient for H69 cleavage across worm, mammalian ribosomes, and rabbit reticulocyte lysates, and that this cleavage leads to translation inhibition. The work is significant because it identifies a conserved virulence factor and a specific ribosomal target (H69) that could inform therapeutic strategies against P. aeruginosa–mediated translational shutdown.

Vasquez-Rifo A, Susorov D, Sholi EH et al. · PLoS biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Enterococcus hirae QT4713-derived dopamine ameliorates intestinal inflammation and MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease in mice.

This study evaluated whether a naturally occurring gut microbe, Enterococcus hirae QT4713, can produce dopamine and thereby ameliorate intestinal inflammation and MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease in mice. Whole-genome sequencing identified a tyrosine decarboxylase gene (TyrDc) enabling QT4713 to convert L-tyrosine to dopamine in vitro, and in mice QT4713 increased antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced inflammatory mediators, and reshaped gut microbiota while improving PD-related outcomes (details in the full text). The work supports a microbiome-based, dopamine-producing probiotic strategy for modulating gut-brain axis inflammation in PD.

Zhao T, Li B, Liu Y et al. · NPJ Parkinson’s disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

An engineered viral RNA degrader on mitochondrial surface that mitigates RNA virus infection.

The study examined whether engineering the mitochondrial nuclease endonuclease G (ENDOG) into a host antiviral RNA degrader could restrict RNA virus replication. It showed that ENDOG released from mitochondria eliminates viral RNAs for replication, but that cytosolic ENDOG can translocate to nuclei and cause DNA damage, leading to the design of MOM-ENDOG (ENDOG on the mitochondrial outer membrane). By increasing mitochondrial accessibility while mitigating harmful nuclear effects (details truncated), MOM-ENDOG represents a targeted anti-viral strategy against RNA viruses.

Chen CW, Liao WT, Chao T et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 during 1990-2024: systematic review, global survey, and analysis of prevalence.

This systematic review, global survey, and analysis estimated the global and regional distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants across 1990–2024 using country-specific subtyping datasets and unpublished data from the Global HIV Molecular Epidemiology Collaboration. The study synthesized ≥20-sample country-year data from 2022–2025 publications and combined it with 2016–2024 survey data to map subtype prevalence over time and geography. Scientifically and for public health, these results support more accurate HIV prevention and treatment planning by reflecting evolving molecular epidemiology.

Khalid A, Gettins L, Scullion L et al. · The Lancet. Infectious diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neurodegeneration and brain circuitry/biomarkers

Loss-of-Function (G603R) Lrp10 Fails to Downregulate mRNA of Pathologic α-Synuclein and Causes Neurodegeneration of Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Cells in Parkinson’s Disease Knockin Mice.

This study examined the pathogenic mechanism of the autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease LRP10 loss-of-function mutation (G603R) using Lrp10G603R/+ knockin mice and assessed substantia nigra dopaminergic neuron degeneration. The mutant LRP10 failed to downregulate α-synuclein mRNA, leading to increased phospho-α-synuclein-containing aggregates and neurodegeneration with associated motor deficits. The results implicate impaired LRP10-mediated repression of α-synuclein transcription as a driver of PD pathology and a potential therapeutic pathway.

Wang HL, Liu SY, Chiu CC et al. · Neurochemical research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Altered Intracellular Trafficking as a Mechanism for Prolonged Duration of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation.

This article studied the mechanism behind prolonged G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation duration by focusing on how altered intracellular trafficking changes signaling persistence after receptor internalization. The key finding is that receptor trafficking dynamics can extend signaling beyond the initial agonist binding event, altering the duration and potentially the partner engagement of GPCR signaling (specific experimental details are truncated in the abstract). Understanding trafficking-driven signal duration could inform the design of biased agonists and therapeutics that better control GPCR signaling kinetics.

Kim TW, Gerrard EJ, Shin J et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Rethinking prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a multiaxial perspective.

This Nature Reviews Neurology article reviewed prognostic frameworks in multiple sclerosis (MS), emphasizing that current prognosis models often focus on disease burden while underrepresenting compensatory mechanisms and diverse prognostic factors. It proposes a multiaxial perspective integrating lesion burden and location, neuroaxonal injury, structural and cognitive reserve, lifestyle, and digital biomarkers rather than relying on a single axis. Scientifically, this framework aims to reduce prognostic uncertainty and better guide biomarker integration for long-term MS outcomes.

Prosperini L, Tortorella C, Barkhof F et al. · Nature reviews. Neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

In vivo brain macromolecules in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

This study measured brain macromolecule signals using metabolite-nulled proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in four regions (anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and white matter) in 24 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and 22 healthy controls. Compared with controls, SSD participants showed altered macromolecule levels across brain regions (with associations to cognitive performance and blood C-reactive protein reported in the full text). The work supports macromolecule MRS as a potential in vivo marker of SSD-related processes such as inflammation, glymphatic clearance impairment, or membrane damage.

Chiappelli J, Chen H, Korenic SA et al. · Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Novelty exploration-activated ensemble in the lateral hypothalamus confers analgesic and anxiolytic effects.

In mice, the study investigated whether novelty exposure activates a specific lateral hypothalamus (LH) neuronal ensemble that modulates pain and anxiety. Using a Fos-driven viral strategy, it identified an LH novelty ensemble (comprising GABAergic and glutamatergic subpopulations) whose activation produced analgesic and anxiolytic effects and whose inhibition worsened pain and anxiety-like behaviors. The work links attention-related novelty processing to defined LH circuitry, offering a mechanistic target for treating pain and negative affect.

Jia T, Peng YT, Sun YL et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Objective data-driven personalised approach to diagnosis of chronic tinnitus: the Tinnitus Detection (TIDE) project - protocol for the identification and validation of a biomarker for tinnitus.

This multicentre prospective case-control protocol (Tinnitus Detection, TIDE) studies adults with chronic tinnitus versus controls to identify and validate diagnostic and severity biomarkers using 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) alongside standardized audiology and questionnaire measures. The study plans to recruit 560 participants (280 cases, 280 controls) to derive objective neural biomarkers for tinnitus presence and intensity. Establishing a reproducible biomarker could enable more objective diagnosis and stratification of tinnitus for future clinical trials and personalized care.

Vanneste S, Yasoda-Mohan A, Chen F et al. · BMJ open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Translatome profiling reveals opposing alterations in inhibitory and excitatory neurons of fragile X mice and identifies EPAC2 as a therapeutic target.

This study used cell-type-specific mRNA sequencing (translatome profiling) in Fmr1 knockout (KO) fragile X mice to characterize opposing excitation/inhibition (E/I) alterations in cortical excitatory (Camk2) and inhibitory (Pvalb) neurons and to prioritize therapeutic targets. The authors found genotype-by-cell-type interactions with signaling pathways altered in opposite directions between inhibitory and excitatory neuron translatomes, and they identified EPAC2 as a therapeutic target. These results are significant because they connect molecular E/I imbalance to a specific druggable pathway, supporting EPAC2-focused therapeutic development for fragile X syndrome.

Suresh A, Kourdougli N, Nomura T et al. · Neuron · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neuromodulation and neuropsychiatric interventions

Optimal Dietary Patterns for Lower Weight Gain and Risk of Obesity Surrounding Menopause.

This prospective cohort study in the Nurses’ Health Study II followed women across the 12-year period surrounding menopause to compare dietary patterns for weight gain and obesity risk. It assessed diet repeatedly using validated food frequency questionnaires and related pattern adherence to subsequent weight outcomes and obesity incidence. The clinical significance is that it aims to identify which dietary patterns are most effective for preventing excess weight gain during the menopausal transition.

Xia T, Haslam DE, Eliassen AH et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cardiovascular genetics, arrhythmia, and vascular biology

Kynurenic acid mediates epicardial fat-induced lymphatic metabolic dysfunction in atrial fibrillation.

This study investigated atrial lymphangiogenesis as a determinant of atrial fibrillation (AF) by analyzing human left atrial appendage tissue and testing mechanisms in experimental systems. AF patients had decreased atrial lymphatic vessel density, and epicardial adipose tissue from AF patients secreted kynurenic acid that acted via GPR35 to disrupt lymphatic endothelial mitochondrial homeostasis and promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The findings link a specific metabolite–receptor pathway (kynurenic acid/GPR35) to lymphatic metabolic dysfunction in AF, suggesting a tractable therapeutic axis.

Takahashi M, Abe I, Yoshida N et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Metabolic health, diabetes, obesity, and lifestyle interventions

Insulin/IGF signaling in islet biology and its therapeutic implications.

This narrative review summarized insulin/IGF signaling roles in pancreatic islet biology, emphasizing how dysregulated insulin/IGF pathways contribute to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The authors highlight emerging β-cell–focused mechanisms by which insulin and insulin-like growth factors regulate islet cell function and functional islet mass (with additional specifics truncated). The review supports insulin/IGF pathway modulation as a therapeutic avenue for preserving or restoring islet function in T2D.

Kim H, Kulkarni RN · Endocrine reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Joint non-linear dose-response associations of device-measured physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiovascular disease: a cohort and Mendelian randomisation study.

This cohort plus Mendelian randomisation (MR) study assessed non-linear joint dose-response relationships between accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, VO2max) with incident cardiovascular disease outcomes in UK Biobank participants. Using Cox generalized additive models and MR for causal consistency, the study characterized how combinations of MVPA and CRF relate to risks of atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. The results support fitness- and activity-stratified prevention strategies and strengthen causal inference about lifestyle effects on cardiovascular risk.

Liang Z, Du S, Zhao S et al. · British journal of sports medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Assessing the efficacy, safety and utility of fully closed-loop insulin delivery compared to standard insulin therapy with a continuous glucose monitor in adults with type 2 diabetes (COYOTE study): a randomised parallel study protocol.

This randomized parallel study protocol (COYOTE) is designed to test whether fully closed-loop insulin delivery improves glycemic control versus standard insulin therapy with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adults with type 2 diabetes. The primary endpoint is HbA1c improvement at 26 weeks, with 224 participants randomized in a multinational open-label design. If successful, the trial will provide clinical evidence for next-generation automated insulin delivery systems to reduce hypoglycaemia while improving HbA1c in T2D.

Seese R, Boughton CK, Tseung FT et al. · BMJ open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Association of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity with incident dementia, cognitive functions, and brain structure: findings from the UK Biobank Study.

This UK Biobank prospective analysis investigated associations of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with incident dementia, cognitive performance, and brain structure using Cox models in 420,916 participants without dementia at baseline. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were linked to higher risk of incident dementia and measurable differences in cognitive and neuroimaging outcomes (as reported in the study’s results). The findings support sarcopenia-related phenotyping as a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia.

Zhang X, Han W, Li Y et al. · The journal of nutrition, health & aging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Integrative proteogenomic analyses implicate KLK13 as a glycaemia-linked circulating protein in diabetic kidney disease.

This systematic review and meta-analysis studied whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are associated with hair loss in randomized controlled trials and prospective nonrandomized interventional studies. Across nine interventional studies (7 RCTs and 2 non-RCTs), the pooled evidence indicated an association between GLP-1 RA exposure and hair loss risk (direction and magnitude reported in the full text). Clinically, the results support counseling and monitoring for hair loss in patients receiving GLP-1 RAs, while motivating further mechanistic and risk-stratified studies.

Liu D, Lin X, Xie J et al. · Diabetes research and clinical practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and hair loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between GLP-1 receptor agonist use and hair loss by searching multiple databases for interventional studies reporting hair loss after GLP-1 RA therapy. The analysis included nine studies (7 randomized controlled trials and 2 prospective nonrandomized interventional studies) and used a random-effects model to synthesize the effect estimates. The findings are significant for diabetes and obesity care because they quantify a potential adverse effect that can affect adherence and quality of life.

Cheng PL, Chang HC · Diabetes research and clinical practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Autoimmune disease therapeutics and clinical management

Inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes in diverse populations: a global comparative analysis.

This global comparative analysis studied Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) phenotype differences across diverse populations using cohort data and Montreal Classification–based phenotype assessment. The key finding was whether CD and UC manifest similarly worldwide, with phenotype variables stratified by age at diagnosis and CD disease location categories (full results truncated in the abstract). These cross-population phenotype insights can guide more tailored risk stratification and trial design for IBD therapies.

Bernstein CN, Kaplan GG, Nugent Z et al. · Journal of Crohn’s & colitis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Time to rethink washout periods in inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials: an international Delphi consensus.

This international Delphi consensus study aimed to establish expert agreement on washout durations for advanced therapies and conventional immunosuppressants in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The key finding was that consensus recommendations were generated by 12 IBD clinical trial experts, with predefined agreement thresholds (≥75%) used to finalize methodological guidance (details truncated). Standardizing washout periods could improve patient enrollment and better align trial protocols with real-world IBD treatment sequencing.

Wils P, Jairath V, Sands BE et al. · Journal of Crohn’s & colitis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Efgartigimod in the Treatment of Autoimmune Encephalitis.

This retrospective clinical study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of efgartigimod, a human IgG Fc receptor antagonist, in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE). After an initial 4-week treatment period, patients showed clinically meaningful improvements in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) scores, with immunologic and laboratory parameters also assessed (full safety results truncated). If confirmed in larger prospective studies, efgartigimod could become a targeted IgG-lowering therapy option for AE.

Qin J, Zhang J · Immunological investigations · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The Role of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Severity and Treatment Response across Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Hidradenitis Suppurativa-A Narrative Review.

This narrative review summarized evidence for inflammatory biomarkers across psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa, focusing on tissue-level pathways (including Fas/FasL and IL-21/IL-21R), circulating inflammatory mediators, and hematology-derived indices such as NLR, PLR, MLR, and PIV. It concluded that these biomarkers may better reflect inflammatory activity and systemic risk than purely subjective clinical severity scores and may help anticipate treatment response. The review highlights candidate biomarker domains that could improve patient stratification and monitoring in chronic inflammatory skin diseases.

Lewandowska JA, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A · Dermatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Management of colorectal cancer in older adults: an expert panel recommendation to guide daily clinical practice.

This expert panel recommendation reviewed evidence to guide colorectal cancer management specifically in older adults (≥70 years), a population under-represented in many clinical trials. The key conclusion was that geriatric assessment and individualized treatment decisions should be integrated into routine practice to account for reduced physiological reserve, comorbidities, and geriatric syndromes. This is clinically significant because it provides a framework to improve treatment selection and outcomes for older patients with colorectal cancer.

Liposits G, André T, Aparicio T et al. · The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Computational methods, AI systems, and genomic/omics tools

Decoding cellular communication networks and signaling pathways in bone, skeletal muscle, and bone-muscle crosstalk through spatial transcriptomics in a young male mouse.

This study used 10x Genomics Visium spatial transcriptomics with computational deconvolution (SMART and CellChat) to map cellular communication networks in bone, skeletal muscle, and bone–muscle crosstalk in a young male mouse. Spatially resolved ligand–receptor interactions and signaling pathways were characterized across the tissue interfaces, revealing how mediators are organized in space to support musculoskeletal homeostasis. These results provide a spatial systems framework for understanding bone–muscle communication relevant to diseases such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia.

Qiu C, Li Y, Gong Y et al. · Bone research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Genome-wide associations of structural variants with human traits through imputation from long-read assemblies.

This study developed and validated ImputeSV, a method to impute genome-wide structural variants (SVs) from SNP data using a reference panel derived from PacBio HiFi long-read assemblies. Using 482 haplotype-resolved assemblies from 241 individuals, the authors identified 171,233 high-quality SVs and demonstrated high imputation accuracy, then imputed 54,578 common SVs in 456,643 UK Biobank participants to enable trait association analyses. The tool expands genome-wide SV coverage in large cohorts, improving the ability to map SV contributions to human traits.

Bai WY, Liu S, Duan Z et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Genomic and genetic dissection of drought tolerance in a resilient wheat germplasm JIN50.

This study dissected the genetic basis of drought tolerance in the resilient wheat germplasm JIN50 by generating a high-quality genome assembly for JIN50LP82 and performing genome-wide analyses across 31 wheat genomes and 196 germplasm samples. Integrated SV-, SNP-, and InDel-based GWAS identified 46 drought-resistance loci, including structural variation in the promoter of the root development regulator TaLBD1 and functional haplotypes of the methylglyoxal detoxification enzyme TaGLY. These findings pinpoint candidate regulatory and detoxification genes underlying drought resilience and provide targets for breeding or genetic improvement of wheat.

Lin J, Zhang C, Liu Z et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A multi-agent system for automating scientific discovery.

Robin, a multi-agent AI system, was developed to automate the full observation→hypothesis generation→experimentation→data analysis loop for experimental biology. By integrating literature-search agents with data-analysis agents, Robin generates hypotheses, proposes experiments, interprets results, and iteratively updates hypotheses in a semi-autonomous discovery workflow. This represents a step toward end-to-end AI-assisted experimental science that can reduce bottlenecks in hypothesis generation and data interpretation.

Ghareeb AE, Chang B, Mitchener L et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

An AI system to help scientists write expert-level empirical software.

ERA (Empirical Research Assistance) was created to help scientists generate expert-level empirical software using an LLM combined with tree search across computational research tasks. ERA improves a user-defined quality metric by systematically exploring and integrating complex ideas from external sources, demonstrating tree-search effectiveness across diverse tasks including bioinformatics (details truncated). The approach could accelerate computational biology workflows by producing higher-quality research software with less manual engineering.

Aygün E, Belyaeva A, Comanici G et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Accelerating scientific discovery with Co-Scientist.

Co-Scientist, a multi-agent AI system built on Gemini, was evaluated for structured hypothesis generation conditioned on researchers’ objectives and prior evidence. It generates demonstrably novel, experimentally testable hypotheses through continuous agent-based generation, critique, and refinement accelerated by scaling test-time compute. This could improve the novelty and rigor of hypothesis discovery for experimental validation in complex scientific domains.

Gottweis J, Weng WH, Daryin A et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A modular multi-color fluorescence microscope for simultaneous tracking of cellular activity and behavior.

The authors developed and validated a modular multi-color epifluorescence microscope for simultaneous ratiometric tracking of cellular activity and behavior in moving animals. The system can be assembled from commercial parts in ~3 hours and supports calcium imaging in behaving C. elegans, with additional demonstrations including muscle dynamics in D. melanogaster larvae and dual-color tracking of inter-species interactions. This provides an accessible imaging platform for linking neural/cellular activity to behavior across model organisms.

Ramahefarivo E, Böger L, Saichol T et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles suppress pyroptosis by delivering miR-125a-5p to improve acute kidney injury in sepsis.

In sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) models, the study tested whether mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) suppress pyroptosis by delivering a specific microRNA. Using small RNA sequencing, transcriptome profiling, luciferase reporter assays, and engineered gene editing, the authors found that MSC-sEV home to injured kidneys and deliver miR-125a-5p to inhibit pyroptosis and improve kidney injury outcomes (truncated). This positions miR-125a-5p–mediated pyroptosis suppression by MSC-sEV as a potential therapeutic mechanism for S-AKI in sepsis.

Chen F, Tang TT, Chen ZQ et al. · Cell death discovery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Identification of unannotated microproteins involved in endothelial cell homeostasis, dysfunction and vascular disease.

This proteo-genomic study used endothelial cell-specific RiboTag RNA-sequencing combined with mass spectrometry to identify unannotated microproteins (miPs) translated from small open reading frames in mouse and human endothelial cells under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. The authors identified 2,739 murine endothelial miPs and characterized how miP expression changes with inflammation, linking specific miPs to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease pathways. The work expands the endothelial “microproteome” and provides candidate miPs for mechanistic studies and potential biomarkers/therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.

Siragusa M, Graumann J, Kuenne C et al. · Cardiovascular research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Generated automatically on May 21, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.

← All Trending Digests

PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 21, 2026

PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 21, 2026

Overview

Cancer metastasis, EMT, and tumor outgrowth

NRF2 activation by myeloid cell-derived oxidative stress induces SNAI-driven features of EMT in breast cancer.

Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation for Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

One-Year Outcomes of the First 1000 Patients Implanted With the Medtronic Micra AV Leadless Pacing System in France: The AV-CESAR Cohort Study.

Adipose-muscle crosstalk during the menopausal transition: mechanistic links to sarcopenic obesity in midlife women.

De novo COVID-19-associated insulin resistance drives dysregulated neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) four months after infection.

Revisiting B-cell targeted therapies in rheumatoid arthritis: from paradoxical biology to deep immune reset.

Nutritional Supplementation Combined with Exercise for Musculoskeletal Health in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating Proteins, Amino Acids, and Creatine across Reproductive Stages.

Sex-Stratified Genetic Analyses Mapping the Influences of Sedentary Behaviors and Physical Activity on Female Reproductive Health.

A Multicenter Phase II Study on Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab Combination Therapy in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Child-Pugh Classification B Cirrhosis: CHALLENGE Trial.

A Novel PROTAC Confers a Dual Benefit Against Amyloid and Tau Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease via DAPK1 Degradation.

Elucidating Tumorigenesis Mechanisms and Assessing Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Patient-Derived Medulloblastoma Organoid Models.

GLUT3 drives paclitaxel resistance in peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer by promoting H3K18 lactylation-mediated MAPKAP1 transcription to suppress ferroptosis.

Cathepsin H drives hypoxia-associated inflammatory and angiogenic programs in diabetic retinopathy and represents a potential therapeutic target.

The Natural History and Individualized Prediction of Liver Stiffness-Based Fibrosis Risk in MASLD.

Real-World Evaluation of Talquetamab for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM): An International Myeloma Working Group Immunotherapy Registry Real-World Analysis.

Ontogeny and Natural History of Therapy-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis From a Multidisciplinary CHIP Clinic.

Efficacy and safety of biologics for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a network meta-analysis.

Piezo1 mediates hypoxia-induced endometriosis fibrosis via the mtDNA -dependent cGAS-STING pathway.

Reciprocal molecular and cellular cholinergic working memory impairments in Alzheimer’s disease model mice.

Precision nutrition for the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease.

A deep learning system for non-invasive breast cancer diagnosis with multimodal data.

A multimodal biomarker strategy to enhance diagnostic precision in neurodegenerative parkinsonism.

NDRG2 orchestrates circadian clock stability to suppress tumorigenesis and potentiate oxaliplatin response in colorectal cancer.

The rise and fall of SARM1 base-exchange inhibitors.

Transcription attenuation amplifies collateral vulnerabilities in rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

HELIX: a scalable model for predicting context-dependent regulation of RNA splicing and isoform usage.

TMPRSS2-induced Golgi disruption restricts the incorporation of virus envelope glycoproteins into virions.

Algorithm-driven HPV vaccine allocation paradigm for cervical cancer elimination targeting the Chinese population.

Differential assembly of mouse and human tumor microenvironments.

Gene-gene interactions between a LMNA variant and common polymorphisms drive early-onset atrial fibrillation.

Rank-dependent control of tuft and BEST4 cell development in the intestine.

MAIT cell enrichment in Lynch syndrome is associated with immune surveillance and colorectal cancer risk.

Metabolic plasticity and optimal redox homeostasis are essential for efficient metastatic colonization.

Cancer therapy resistance and targeted vulnerabilities

A Non-Canonical Core Transcriptional Regulatory Circuit Orchestrates Chromatin Reprogramming to Drive Osimertinib Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

E2F-mediated activation of mTORC1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression.

WEE1 kinase inhibition to overcome acquired resistance to targeted therapies in colorectal cancer.

Immuno-oncology, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy

Targeting cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 reprograms tumor-promoting myelopoiesis and overcomes immune checkpoint therapy resistance.

Differential effects of prior versus concomitant Steroid and Antibiotic Treatment on Immunotherapy Efficacy - A Pooled Analysis of the RAMONA, INTEGA, OPTIM, ELDORANDO, FORCE, TITAN-RCC and TITAN-TCC Trials of the German AIO Study Group.

Spatial single-cell landscape of tumor-associated macrophages and their crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment.

Impact of prior primary tumor resection on long-term prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab: a multicenter analysis.

Prognostic significance of early tumor shrinkage in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy.

Realizing the potential of agonistic antibody immunotherapy.

GSK-3 regulates CD4-CD8 cooperation for super-armed CD8+ cytolytic T cells in immunotherapy against tumors.

Five years after IMbrave150 with clinical integration of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hematologic malignancies and CAR-T/biologic immunotherapies

Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: ASCO Living Guideline, Version 2026.1.1.

Erythrocyte patch for enhanced B cell depletion therapy.

Armored chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy targets antigen-heterogeneous glioma.

Targeting ZMIZ1 induces differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia via chromatin remodeling.

USP22 Inhibition Potentiates GPC3 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophages Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Downregulating Tumor CD24 Expression.

Next-generation CAR-T therapies: From personalized anti-cancer drugs to broadly applicable disease-modifying treatments.

Cancer diagnostics, imaging, and computational pathology/AI

Explainable AI in Cancer Imaging: Scoping Review of Methods, Modalities, and Clinical Integration.

Development and validation of artificial intelligence-based model for bladder cancer immunophenotyping using whole slide images.

High-depth whole genome sequencing of premalignant breast lesions reveals rearrangement hotspots and personalized management opportunities.

Molecular mechanisms of fibrosis and organ remodeling

Sotatercept reduces bone morphogenetic protein signaling in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Urinary fluorogenic reporters for noninvasive detection and staging of kidney fibrosis.

SIRT6-Mediated Deacetylation of ATF3 Promotes Silica-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Enhancing its Nuclear Import via Binding to Importin α.

Western diet-induced MASH in PWK/PhJ mice identifies disruptions in amino acid and sphingolipid metabolism contributing to cardiac dysfunction.

Oxysterol undersulfation promotes osteoarthritis by fueling chondrocyte lipid accumulation.

Inflammation, immune regulation, and cytokine/innate immunity

Intestinal obstruction impairs feeding and promotes sleep in Drosophila melanogaster.

The immunoproteome and multimorbidity: A Mendelian randomization study.

Soluble uric acid suppresses neutrophil-mediated host defense in sepsis.

An epifluorescence microscope design for naturalistic behavior and cellular activity in freely moving Caenorhabditis elegans.

Blockade of NKp46⁻ CCR6⁻ ILC3 autophagy protects against necrotizing enterocolitis by restoring energy metabolism balance in mice.

Comorbid diabetes disease severity and microbial changes in patients with bronchiectasis: a combined analysis of data from the EMBARC, EMBARC-India, Australian, and BE-China registries.

Infectious disease mechanisms, vaccines, and host-pathogen interactions

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa ribonuclease Ribocin cleaves eukaryotic ribosomes at helix 69 to inhibit host translation.

Enterococcus hirae QT4713-derived dopamine ameliorates intestinal inflammation and MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease in mice.

An engineered viral RNA degrader on mitochondrial surface that mitigates RNA virus infection.

Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 during 1990-2024: systematic review, global survey, and analysis of prevalence.

Neurodegeneration and brain circuitry/biomarkers