PubMed Trending Research Digest — May 30, 2026

Automated digest · 95 articles · 15 research areas · May 30, 2026

Overview

This week’s papers cluster around a shared idea: biology becomes actionable when we can trace upstream mechanisms to measurable outputs. In inflammation and neurodegeneration, studies highlight specific control nodes—mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via MCU for NLRP3-driven IL-1β release, and glymphatic impairment (DTI-ALPS) and serum NfL for ALS prognosis—linking cellular dysfunction to patient-relevant heterogeneity. In cancer, multiple mechanistic works converge on immune regulation as a determinant of therapy response: spatially organized fibroblast–myeloid programs in lung adenocarcinoma, β-catenin palmitoylation and STK40 as tumor-intrinsic immune evasion drivers, and PLSCR3–mtDNA–cGAS–STING signaling as a route to convert “cold” colorectal tumors toward immunotherapy responsiveness.

A second dominant theme is the maturation of precision tools—computational, diagnostic, and therapeutic—into scalable workflows. Single-cell foundation-model interpretation (SIGnature), immuno-oncology target discovery (MIDAS), and multi-omics prioritization for ovarian aging and bipolar disorder all emphasize gene/pathway prioritization that can be experimentally validated. On the clinical side, several studies refine how we measure risk and guide decisions: ctDNA MRD in early breast cancer (with remaining uncertainty about how to act on results), NGS MRD in AML for post-transplant stratification, and AI/ML or biomarker comparisons (e.g., IVIG resistance modeling; lactate and potassium risk stratification; CGM vs SMBG for T2D). Together, they reflect a shift from “can we predict?” to “how do we implement predictions reliably?”

Finally, the digest shows continued momentum in translational and intervention development across diverse diseases: digital therapeutics for pediatric ADHD, perioperative magnesium to reduce POAF, vaccine policy/effectiveness updates (malaria RTS,S/R21; global folic-acid fortification impact), and gene delivery platforms (TIVID for large knock-ins; AAV8 SERPINC1 for hereditary antithrombin deficiency). Even where topics differ—circadian meal timing, obesity in immigrants, or GLP-1RA safety signals—the throughline is the same: interventions are most promising when paired with mechanistic biomarkers, careful risk-benefit evaluation, and evidence that can generalize beyond controlled trials.

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Mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling & inflammasomes

Blm10/PA200-Activated 20S Proteasomes Promote α-Synuclein Degradation and Bypass Proteasome Inhibition in Parkinson’s Disease Models.

This study examined whether Blm10/PA200-activated 20S proteasomes promote degradation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) and enable bypass of proteasome inhibition in Parkinson’s disease models. The authors found that Blm10/PA200 activation enhances αSyn clearance and reduces αSyn accumulation/aggregation (including S129 phosphorylation) even when the proteasome is inhibited. These findings suggest a proteasome-activation strategy that could complement or overcome UPS-targeted limitations in Parkinson’s disease.

Ali TT, Zhornyak A, Merghani M et al. · Aging cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor mediates peripheral-central neuroimmune crosstalk in autoimmune thyroid diseases.

The research examined how the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) mediates peripheral-to-central neuroimmune crosstalk in autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy. It focused on molecular pathways connecting TSHR-driven peripheral autoimmunity to CNS immune signaling, leveraging the disease as a model of systemic autoimmunity with extrathyroidal involvement. Establishing this neuroimmune linkage could inform mechanism-based interventions to prevent or treat central manifestations of autoimmune thyroid disease.

Zhang H, Jiang S, Zhu T et al. · BMC medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondrial calcium uptake drives organelle remodeling to promote inflammasome-dependent cytokine release.

The study examined how mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates mitochondrial remodeling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipopolysaccharide-primed, stimulated macrophages. MCU-dependent Ca2+ entry was required for mitochondrial fragmentation driven by the organelle fission machinery (independent of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore) and for NLRP3-mediated IL-1β release, with MCU deficiency attenuating IL-1β secretion and MSU crystal-induced joint inflammation in an inflammatory disease model. These findings identify MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake as a mechanistic upstream control point for inflammasome-dependent cytokine production and a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases such as gout.

Gherardi G, Spinelli F, Sbrissa M et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Neural sensing & metabolic regulation (hypothalamus/circadian)

Predictors of pathologic complete response in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy: a multi-institution study.

This multi-institution retrospective study analyzed early-stage triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-522–based immunochemotherapy) to identify predictors of pathologic complete response (pCR) in a real-world cohort. The key finding was that certain clinical factors and treatment variables were associated with pCR after neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy, extending beyond the original KEYNOTE-522 trial population. Clinically, these predictors could help personalize neoadjuvant strategies and improve selection of patients likely to benefit from pembrolizumab-containing regimens.

LeVee A, Santos B, Wong M et al. · Breast cancer research and treatment · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Evidence-based recommendations for the use of continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: the Italian guidelines.

This Italian guideline meta-analysis compared continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) versus self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM) for type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on outcomes including HbA1c and time in range (TIR) in both insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated patients. The key finding was that CGM use improved glycemic outcomes (HbA1c and/or TIR) compared with SBGM, with effects evaluated separately by insulin treatment status. This supports evidence-based recommendations to expand CGM adoption in T2D, particularly for patients not currently using insulin.

Giaccari A, Gliozzo G, Ciccarelli G et al. · Acta diabetologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Remodeling of human diurnal adipose tissue transcriptome by the composition of morning and afternoon meals.

This crossover trial studied how meal timing affects human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) gene expression by comparing 4-week diets in overweight non-diabetic men: high carbohydrate in the morning/high fat in the afternoon (HC/HF) versus the reverse (HF/HC). The key finding was that the diurnal adipose tissue transcriptome was remodeled by the composition and timing of morning versus afternoon meals. This supports a mechanistic link between circadian feeding patterns and metabolic risk pathways in humans.

Soliz-Rueda JR, Kessler K, Jürchott K et al. · Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lifestyle First and Lifestyle Always, Does Not Mean Lifestyle Only: Reimagining Cardiometabolic Care in the Era of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

This narrative article reinterpreted cardiometabolic care in the GLP-1 receptor agonist era, focusing on the principle “lifestyle first and lifestyle always, but not lifestyle only.” It argues that while drugs such as semaglutide and tirzepatide improve weight, glycemia, and cardiovascular/renal risk, discontinuation and the persistence of behavioral, physiologic, and social drivers of risk require ongoing lifestyle-centered care. The clinical significance is a framework for integrating GLP-1 RAs with sustained lifestyle and support strategies to improve long-term cardiometabolic outcomes.

Joy E, Bonnet J · American journal of lifestyle medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Associations of diabetes mellitus with/without diabetic retinopathy and cognitive outcomes in older adults: the potential role of the dietary inflammatory index in a multi-dataset observational study.

This multi-dataset observational study assessed associations between diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive outcomes in older adults using NHANES, UK Biobank, and a Wenzhou dataset, incorporating the dietary inflammatory index (DII) as a potential explanatory factor. The key finding was that DM status and the presence/absence of DR were differentially associated with adverse cognitive outcomes, and DII helped characterize or mediate these relationships. This is significant because it links a modifiable dietary inflammatory metric to cognitive risk stratification in older adults with DM, potentially informing prevention strategies.

Huang G, Chen S, He W et al. · Frontiers in nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Obesity and the experienced cultural, economic, and climate variations among immigrants to high-income countries: An umbrella review of the literature.

This umbrella review synthesized evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on obesity determinants among immigrants to high-income countries. It focused on cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental factors by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published between January 2015 and November 2025. The synthesis highlights multifactorial drivers of obesity and weight gain in immigrant populations, informing targeted public-health interventions and future research priorities.

Abed Al Ahad M, Fenyk M · Public health nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Global Update on the Status of Prevention of Folic Acid-Preventable Spina Bifida and Anencephaly in Year 2024.

This modeling study estimated the proportion of folic acid-preventable spina bifida and anencephaly (FAP SBA) prevented globally through mandatory folic acid fortification in 2024. Using country-specific fortification data from the Food Fortification Initiative (69 countries with complete data) and a prevention model assuming maternal intake >150 mcg/day, it calculated the expected prevented fraction by fortification policy coverage. The results provide an updated global assessment of how fortification translates into population-level prevention of major neural tube defects.

Kancherla V, Wagh K, Pachón H · Birth defects research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Glycogen drives the sensory activation of POMC neurons.

The study investigated how hypothalamic POMC neurons in vivo sense food-related sensory cues, focusing on glycogen metabolism as a potential sensory transduction mechanism. Genetic depletion of glycogen in POMC neurons abolished their activation by food-associated sensory stimuli and led to altered consummatory behavior, hepatic changes, cephalic insulin release, and a prediabetic phenotype that progressed to overweight and overt diabetes under high-calorie diet conditions. This work links intracellular glycogen dynamics in POMC neurons to sensory-driven regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, suggesting glycogen metabolism as a target for metabolic disease prevention.

Gómez-Valadés AG, Meseguer D, Varela L et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Digital therapeutics & clinical implementation

Patient Digital Engagement With After Visit Summary in Ambulatory Care.

This cross-sectional study assessed patient engagement with digital after visit summaries (AVS) and quantified physician time cost of AVS writing using ambulatory care visits from June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2023 at a large urban academic health system. The key finding was that patient digital AVS engagement occurred in measurable patterns and that AVS generation imposed a quantifiable physician time burden. This is significant for health systems implementing digital AVS workflows because it links patient-facing engagement with clinician workload and informs optimization of post-visit communication.

Halvorson RT, Wang S, Wong L et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multicenter randomized trial of a digital therapeutic game for executive function in children with ADHD.

This multicenter randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial evaluated the adaptive multitasking digital therapeutic STAR RUCKUS for executive function in children aged 6–12 years with DSM-5/ICD-10-diagnosed ADHD. Compared with a visually matched driving-only sham intervention, STAR RUCKUS improved clinician-rated outcomes of executive function over five daily sessions across 4 weeks (with the abstract indicating efficacy as the primary endpoint and reporting safety as a key secondary consideration). The trial supports digital therapeutics as a rigorously validated non-pharmacological option for improving executive dysfunction in pediatric ADHD.

Lee S, Lim YB, Choi W et al. · NPJ digital medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Single-cell computational genomics & gene prioritization

Integrative multi-omics identifies DOC2A as a novel pharmacological target for bipolar disorder.

This integrative multi-omics study identified DOC2A as a candidate causal gene for bipolar disorder (BD) by combining BD GWAS with brain proteomics and functional genomics. Using proteome-wide association studies (PWAS), Bayesian colocalization, and summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR), the authors prioritized DOC2A and validated its dysregulation in iPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes as well as in postmortem hippocampus/prefrontal cortex. The work suggests DOC2A as a novel pharmacological target and provides a mechanistic prioritization pipeline for BD therapeutics.

Yuan C, Zhang B, Liang Y et al. · Psychological medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multi-omics pleiotropic association analyses reveal functionally relevant genes and druggable pathways for ovarian aging.

This study used integrative multi-omics summary data and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for ovarian aging to prioritize functionally relevant genes and druggable pathways, applying Mendelian randomization and cross-omics association approaches. The key finding was identification of conserved ovarian-aging molecular signals across species, including prioritized proteins, gene expression and splicing events, and metabolites linked to ovarian aging. Scientifically, it generates candidate targets and pathways that could support development of mechanism-based interventions for ovarian aging.

Lian X, Song S, Lou C et al. · Genome biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Scoring gene importance by interpreting single-cell foundation models.

The study developed SIGnature, a computational framework that scores gene importance in single-cell contexts using attribution signals derived from single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) foundation models. By using attribution scores rather than raw expression, SIGnature reduces technical noise, highlights regulatory genes, and enables cross-dataset gene set querying, demonstrated using the MS1 monocyte signature. This provides a practical method to interpret scRNA-seq foundation models for gene prioritization and functional discovery across large cellular atlases.

Gold MP, Reyes M, Diamant N et al. · Nature biotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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tRNA modifications & translational control in development

tRNA m1A modification ensures HSPC production via modulating Nrf1 translation in zebrafish.

The study examined how the tRNA m1A58 modification controls hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) production during endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) in zebrafish embryos. Depletion of the tRNA methyltransferase gene trmt61a reduced tRNA m1A58 levels, impaired HSPC production in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, and triggered p53-dependent apoptosis, while mechanistically enhancing translation efficiency of nuclear factor Nrf1 via the modified tRNA. These results establish tRNA m1A modification as a translational regulator of HSPC emergence during embryonic hematopoiesis and implicate the trmt61a–tRNA m1A58–Nrf1 axis as a key control pathway.

Dong Z, Li P, Liu M et al. · EMBO reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulation & colorectal cancer

Ras-MAPK inhibition induces AXIN1 loss in colorectal cancer by mTOR associated suppression of protein synthesis.

The study examined how Ras-MAPK pathway inhibition alters AXIN1 abundance and Wnt signaling regulation in colorectal cancer cell lines, murine and patient-derived intestinal/cancer organoids. Ras-MAPK inhibition induced AXIN1 loss through mTOR-associated suppression of protein synthesis, reducing AXIN1-dependent beta-catenin destruction complex function. These findings identify an mTOR-linked mechanism connecting Ras-MAPK signaling to AXIN1 stability, suggesting potential biomarkers and combination strategies for colorectal cancer therapy.

Venkatachalam N, Wang L, Muthukumarana N et al. · Cell communication and signaling : CCS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Malaria vaccines & pediatric immunization

CircRNA based bi-antigen vaccines against mpox virus induce potent and durable cross-protection in mice.

This preclinical mouse study developed lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated circular RNA (circRNA) bi-antigen vaccines encoding mpox virus extracellular enveloped virion (EEV) antigens A35R and B6R (cirEV) or intracellular mature virion (IMV) antigens A29L and M1R (cirMV). The key finding was that these circRNA vaccines, alone or combined, induced potent and durable cross-protection against mpox virus in mice. This is significant because it supports circRNA as a stable vaccine platform capable of broad antigen coverage for emerging orthopoxvirus threats.

Zhou J, Wang C, Wu Y et al. · Molecular biomedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy and safety of RTS, S and R21 malaria vaccines in children under five in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized randomized controlled trials of RTS,S and R21 malaria vaccines in African children under five years of age. Across trials, the analysis quantified vaccine efficacy against first/only and multiple malaria episodes and severe malaria, alongside the incidence of severe adverse events after vaccination. The results provide an evidence-based basis for guiding malaria vaccine policy and risk-benefit decisions in young African children.

Nurani KM, Kadernani N, Korir E et al. · Malaria journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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CAR-T engineering, persistence & CRS mitigation

Enhancing persistence while managing cytokine release syndrome to embrace next-generation CAR-T cell therapy.

This review focused on next-generation CAR-T cell therapy strategies aimed at improving CAR-T persistence while managing cytokine release syndrome (CRS). It proposes that an imbalance between intracellular signaling networks and external inflammation in the tumor microenvironment drives both insufficient CAR-T persistence and severe CRS. The framework supports the rational design of CAR-T regimens (e.g., signaling modulation and TME targeting) to reduce CRS while sustaining therapeutic activity.

Yang Y, Sun Y, Kang H et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Obesity, adipose tissue & neurodegeneration risk

Microplastic Exposure Aggravates Cardiomyopathy Under Hemodynamic Stress Through the Gut-Heart Axis.

This study tested bisphenol F (BPF) effects on cardiomyopathy under hemodynamic stress in germ-free mouse models and used fecal microbiota transplantation to define the gut-heart axis, with untargeted/spatial metabolomics and single-cell sequencing to identify affected cardiac cell types. BPF exposure aggravated cardiovascular injury under stress in a gut-microbiota–dependent manner, with metabolomic profiling implicating BPF-derived in vivo metabolites and single-cell data pinpointing damaged cardiac populations. The work supports targeting gut microbiota and BPF metabolic pathways as a strategy to prevent or mitigate stress-amplified cardiomyopathy.

Wang J, Xu J, Mai H et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Semaglutide Inhibits Osteoblast Ferroptosis Induced by Diabetic Periodontitis via Modulating the Wnt5a/Ror2/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway.

This study tested whether semaglutide protects osteoblasts from ferroptosis in a diabetic periodontitis model by modulating the Wnt5a/Ror2/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts exposed to high glucose plus palmitic acid (HGHP), semaglutide inhibited ferroptosis and altered pathway signaling through Wnt5a/Ror2 and p38 MAPK (details truncated). These findings support semaglutide as a potential therapeutic approach to prevent diabetic alveolar bone loss by targeting ferroptosis-related osteoblast dysfunction.

Zhang Z, Niu D, Qiu W et al. · Drug design, development and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lipid metabolic regulation of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease.

This review synthesized evidence on how lipid metabolic dysregulation shapes neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), focusing on factors such as fatty acid composition, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) isoforms, lipoprotein lipase activity, and lipid-derived inflammatory signaling. The key finding is that altered lipid metabolism actively drives microglial activation state shifts and inflammatory cascades rather than merely reflecting disease. Scientifically, it supports lipid-targetable pathways as potential modulators of innate immune neuroinflammation in AD.

Li T, Guo K, Ma Y et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cholesterol metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic advances.

This review studied cholesterol metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases by synthesizing mechanisms and therapeutic advances across CNS cholesterol synthesis, esterification, efflux, uptake, and oxidation pathways. The key finding was that dysregulated cholesterol metabolic processes are strongly implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease through effects on neuronal and glial function. Scientifically, it highlights metabolic nodes that may be actionable for developing cholesterol-targeted therapies in neurodegeneration.

Tu D, Zheng Y, Ding P et al. · Molecular neurodegeneration · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Visceral adipose tissue differentially affects tau and Aβ pathology in 3xTg-AD mice.

The study investigated how visceral adipose tissue (WAT) relates to tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. Using immunohistochemistry and biochemical assays in wild-type and db/db mice, it found that visceral adipose differentially impacts tau versus Aβ pathological measures in the brain. This links obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction to distinct neurodegenerative protein pathologies, supporting visceral fat as a potential mediator and intervention target in Alzheimer’s disease risk.

Trujillo-Estrada L, Bettinetti-Luque M, Andreo-Lopez J et al. · Cell communication and signaling : CCS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Glymphatic dysfunction & neurodegenerative biomarkers

Anchoring ALS Prognosis: Neurofilament Light Chain Outperforms Inflammatory, Metabolic, and CNS Barrier Biomarkers in the METABALS Cohort.

This prospective multicenter METABALS cohort study compared neurofilament light chain (NfL) with other biomarker classes—markers of CNS barrier dysfunction, inflammatory mediators, kynurenine pathway metabolites, and global metabolomic profiles—for prognostic performance in 72 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The key finding was that serum NfL outperformed these alternative biomarker categories for anchoring ALS prognosis. This reinforces NfL as the most clinically useful prognostic biomarker in ALS while guiding future biomarker development toward approaches that can match or exceed NfL performance.

Alarcan H, Veyrat-Durebex C, Pradat PF et al. · Molecular neurobiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Putative glymphatic dysfunction links extracellular fluid dysregulation to white matter degeneration and clinical impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

This study assessed whether putative glymphatic dysfunction is associated with extracellular fluid dysregulation, white matter degeneration, and clinical impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In 146 ALS patients and 149 matched healthy controls, glymphatic function was quantified using diffusion tensor imaging along perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) and related to multimodal MRI markers and clinical outcomes. The findings suggest glymphatic impairment as an in vivo mechanism contributing to ALS heterogeneity and white matter injury, with potential implications for stratification and therapeutic targeting.

Jin X, Fu Y, Qiu T et al. · BMC medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Autoimmune neuroimmune crosstalk (thyroid, TLS, neuroinflammation)

Pan-cancer spatial atlas of tertiary lymphoid structures.

This pan-cancer study analyzed spatial transcriptomics across 12 cancer types to build an atlas of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and their maturation states. It showed that TLS maturation involved coordinated remodeling of niche cell populations and distance-dependent tumor-program gradients, further validated with ultrahigh-plex single-cell spatial profiling and an AI framework that predicts TLS maturation states. The atlas and predictive model provide scalable tools to quantify TLS biology and link TLS maturation to clinical relevance across cancers.

Cho KS, Liu Y, Pei G et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The nuclear receptor TR4 orchestrates cytoskeletal organization in a Gα12/ROCK-dependent manner to promote myofibroblast differentiation and tissue fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.

This study examined the role of the nuclear receptor TR4 (Nr2c2) in systemic sclerosis by testing how it regulates cytoskeletal organization and myofibroblast differentiation in a Gα12/ROCK-dependent pathway. TR4 promoted TGFβ-driven myofibroblast differentiation and tissue fibrosis, with TR4 knockdown (siRNA) and mechanistic experiments showing dependence on Gα12/ROCK signaling and changes in αSMA and extracellular matrix programs. Scientifically, it identifies TR4 as a potential therapeutic target to interrupt profibrotic signaling in systemic sclerosis.

Zhang Y, Shen L, Zheng J et al. · Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

LFA-1 interaction with GBP-130 on Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells mediates NK cell activation and parasite control.

This eLife study investigated how the integrin LFA-1 on natural killer (NK) cells recognizes infected red blood cells (iRBCs) during Plasmodium falciparum infection. The authors identified glycophorin binding protein-130 (PfGBP-130) as the iRBC surface ligand that binds the LFA-1 αI domain, using LFA-1 αI-Fc binding assays, LC-MS/MS of αI-Fc immunoprecipitates, and recombinant PfGBP-130 binding in an LFA-1-dependent manner. These findings clarify a key host–parasite immune interaction that could inform strategies to enhance NK-mediated parasite control.

Mukhtar O, Dutt R, Panda A et al. · eLife · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Integrative Molecular Analyses of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Signals in Cardiac Sarcoidosis.

This study used single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling of human cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) hearts to characterize cellular composition and gene expression across preserved, granulomatous, and fibrotic regions. It identified clonally expanded cardiac B cells with rearranged immunoglobulin sequences and reconstructed antibody features, linking inflammatory/autoimmune signals to CS histopathology and progression. These findings suggest an antibody-driven immune mechanism in CS and provide molecular targets for improving diagnosis and therapy of granulomatous cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.

Neyazi M, Venturini G, Brown KJ et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Recent Advancements in the Therapeutic Landscape of IgA Nephropathy and the Impact of Dual Blockers: Telitacicept.

This review examined emerging therapeutic strategies for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), with emphasis on telitacicept as a dual-pathway biologic intended for long-term disease control in IgAN patients. The authors highlight that corticosteroid-sparing regimens are needed because long-term steroids and other immunosuppressants limit adherence and efficacy due to adverse effects, and they position telitacicept as a promising dual blocker approach within the evolving IgAN treatment landscape. Clinically, this supports ongoing interest in safer long-term immunomodulation to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease in heterogeneous IgAN populations.

Munisamy Selvam KK, Feng C, Dong S · Kidney medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy and safety of efgartigimod as an add-on therapy in patients with NMOSD and MOGAD at the acute attack phase.

This controlled clinical study assessed efgartigimod, an Fc receptor-targeting therapy that reduces antibody titers, as an add-on to intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) during acute attacks in 27 adult patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD). The key finding was that adding efgartigimod to IVMP improved efficacy outcomes while maintaining an acceptable safety profile compared with IVMP alone. This is significant because it suggests a steroid-combination strategy that may better control acute antibody-mediated attacks in NMOSD/MOGAD.

Yin W, Wang S, Lu W et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-world comparison of anti-CD20 therapies: efficacy, infections, and immune profiles in a German cohort.

This German cohort study compared anti-CD20 therapies—ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and rituximab—in 262 patients with neuroimmunological diseases, tracking relapses, infection rates, immunoglobulin concentrations, and longitudinal immune profile changes over a median of 36 months. The key finding was that different anti-CD20 agents showed distinct patterns in infection risk and immune dynamics (including immunoglobulin levels and cellular immunity changes). Scientifically and clinically, these comparative immune and safety data can guide selection and monitoring of B-cell–depleting therapy in neuroinflammatory conditions.

Stögbauer J, Bewarder M, Groß L et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A decade of clinical data with vedolizumab: the past, present, and future.

This narrative review summarized a decade of clinical experience with vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), covering how treatment paradigms evolved from step-up to top-down strategies and treat-to-target algorithms, and how endpoints shifted toward objective measures like endoscopy and histology. The key finding is that vedolizumab’s role has been integrated into modern treat-to-target care with ongoing refinement of outcomes and future directions for optimization. Clinically, it provides a consolidated framework for using vedolizumab within contemporary IBD management and for anticipating future endpoint and strategy developments.

Jairath V, Armuzzi A, Agboton C et al. · Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The formation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures.

This review studied the biology of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), focusing on how they form and function across chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. It found that TLS development follows a maturation continuum and is driven by coordinated chemokine networks (e.g., CXCL13, CCL19, CCL21), lymphotoxin signaling, stromal cell programs, metabolic reprogramming, and the microbiome. Scientifically, it consolidates mechanistic determinants that could be leveraged to modulate TLS formation for therapeutic benefit.

Zhang C, Lv P, Hou Y et al. · Biomarker research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Tauopathy mechanisms & genetic modifiers

Loss of SMARCAD1 Mitigates Tauopathy.

This study tested whether loss of SMARCAD1 (SMARCAD1 homolog smrd-1 in C. elegans) modifies tauopathy phenotypes in genetic models of tau accumulation. Using forward and reverse genetics in C. elegans, smrd-1 loss rescued tauopathy-associated neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration and reduced phosphorylated and total tau by decreasing tau mRNA levels. The work identifies SMARCAD1 as a potential therapeutic target for tauopathies by regulating tau expression and downstream neurodegeneration.

Jadhav VS, Kow RL, Beale AD et al. · Aging cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Genome engineering & gene delivery platforms

Sustained Correction of Hereditary Antithrombin Deficiency in Mice by AAV8-Mediated Gene Delivery.

This study evaluated adeno-associated virus serotype 8 delivering human SERPINC1 (AAV8-hSERPINC1) in antithrombin-deficient (AT-deficiency) mice to determine whether gene delivery can sustain correction of hereditary antithrombin deficiency. After tail-vein injection of AAV8-hSERPINC1 (with luciferase for tracking), biodistribution/expression imaging and serial plasma antithrombin measurements showed durable restoration of antithrombin levels across dosing groups. These results support AAV8-mediated SERPINC1 gene therapy as a potential long-term alternative to prophylactic or on-demand oral anticoagulation in hereditary antithrombin deficiency.

Tao Y, Lu H, Wu T et al. · Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A pair of DNA glucosyltransferases elevate counter-defense in bacteriophage T4.

This study investigated how bacteriophage T4 uses two DNA glucosyltransferases, α-GT and β-GT, to modify hydroxymethylated deoxycytosines (5-hmC) on phage DNA and thereby counter host restriction-modification defenses. Biochemical and genetic analyses showed that β-GT has higher catalytic activity and clarified how these glucosyltransferases contribute to the phage’s counter-defense strategy. Understanding this α/β-GT modification system advances knowledge of phage-host molecular warfare and may inform engineering of phage DNA for therapeutic or research applications.

Ramirez-Chamorro L, Bonhomme F, Wolff ALI et al. · Nucleic acids research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Dual-Viral Delivery Platform Enables Efficient Site-Specific Integration of Therapeutic-Length Genes in Human Primary Stem Cells.

The study developed and evaluated a dual-viral delivery platform (TIVID) for efficient, site-specific integration of therapeutic-length genes in human primary stem cells. TIVID combined virus-like Cas9 edit particles delivering Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes with integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors delivering HDR donor templates to enable knock-in at targeted loci. This platform advances programmable and efficient genome engineering for multiallelic diseases requiring large gene insertions.

Gao ZY, Shen TL, Cheng CY et al. · Human gene therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer immunotherapy resistance & immune evasion mechanisms

Druggable β-catenin palmitoyl-switch coordinates immune evasion via immunogenic ferroptosis resistance and PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression.

This mechanistic cancer study identified druggable β-catenin palmitoylation at cysteine 466 (C466) mediated by ZDHHC5 as a regulator of immune evasion in colorectal cancer. Palmitoylated β-catenin/TCF4 signaling upregulated SLC7A11 to suppress immunogenic ferroptosis and increased PD-L1 to inhibit CD8+ T cell initiation and effector function, while ZDHHC5 expression predicted poor survival and resistance to anti–PD-L1 therapy. These findings nominate the ZDHHC5–β-catenin palmitoylation axis as a potential therapeutic target to overcome PD-L1–mediated immunosuppression.

Zhang Q, Kong Y, Long Y et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeting tumor-intrinsic STK40 induces immune vulnerability and drives T cell reinvigoration.

Using in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screens, this study identified STK40 as a tumor-intrinsic driver of immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma and tested whether targeting STK40 could enhance immunotherapy. STK40 ablation synergized with PD-1 blockade to induce tumor regression, and hepatocyte-specific Stk40 deletion prevented tumorigenesis in hydrodynamic plasmid-driven HCC models by stabilizing IFNGR1 (via reduced COP1-mediated degradation) and restoring T cell sensitivity. The work supports STK40 inhibition as a strategy to reinvigorate anti-tumor T cell responses and improve outcomes with PD-1 blockade in HCC.

Zhu L, Zhang S, Li B et al. · Cancer cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The impact of gut microbiota and metabolite-driven immune cell spatiotemporal dynamics on tumors.

This review article summarized how gut microbiota and their metabolites influence tumor-immune interactions by shaping spatiotemporal dynamics of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The key finding was that microbiota-driven immune remodeling occurs across time and space and can alter anti-tumor immune cell activation and function. This is significant because it frames microbiome and metabolite pathways as potential targets for immunotherapy enhancement and more precise cancer treatment strategies.

Ding JB, Lin MX, Zang D et al. · Gut microbes · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Epigenetic Silencing of RFX7 Defines a Transcriptional Axis Linking Lactate Metabolism to Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Glioblastoma.

This mechanistic study investigated how epigenetic silencing of RFX7 shapes a transcriptional axis linking lactate metabolism to immune checkpoint therapy response in glioblastoma (GBM). It found that RFX7 expression was reduced via promoter hypermethylation and that an RFX7→PIK3IP1 downstream axis connected lactate-related transcriptional programs to immune checkpoint therapy resistance, supported by transcriptomics, ChIP-seq, metabolic profiling, and gene perturbation experiments. Scientifically, it identifies RFX7/PIK3IP1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to improve immunotherapy efficacy in GBM.

Han L, Zhou J, Zhu G et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Spatially Constrained Fibroblast-Myeloid Program Associates With Immune Exclusion and Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

This study analyzed lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tumor microenvironment spatial organization to define a spatially constrained fibroblast–myeloid program associated with immune exclusion and poor prognosis. By integrating multi-omics/spatial data (details truncated in the abstract), it linked specific CAF-related fibroblast programs and their spatial interactions with myeloid cell states to an immune-excluded phenotype and worse outcomes. These findings provide a spatial biomarker framework and potential therapeutic targets to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in LUAD.

Zhou Y, Ren X, Li R et al. · Human mutation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

CENPA as a Genome Stability-Associated Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multiomics Analysis and Experimental Validation.

This study performed integrative multiomics analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using TCGA-LIHC to identify genome stability-associated candidates and then experimentally evaluated CENPA as a functional biomarker. It derived a prognostic model (including a 10-gene signature) and reported that CENPA is associated with mitotic regulation, DNA maintenance, and cell-cycle pathways, consistent with genome instability biology. Clinically, CENPA and the associated signature may help stratify HCC prognosis and reveal vulnerabilities for targeted therapy.

Shi H, Sun L, Zhang P et al. · Human mutation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

PLSCR3 Deficiency Triggers mtDNA-Driven cGAS-STING Activation to Potentiate Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer.

This study examined how phospholipid scramblase 3 (PLSCR3) deficiency promotes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)–driven activation of the cGAS–STING pathway to enhance antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer (CRC). Using CRC datasets and mechanistic experiments (abstract truncated), it identified PLSCR3 as an endogenous regulator that constrains mtDNA release from the inner mitochondrial membrane, and showed that loss of PLSCR3 increases cGAS–STING signaling and antitumor immune effects. The results suggest that modulating PLSCR3–mtDNA–cGAS–STING signaling could help convert microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRC into a more immunotherapy-responsive state.

Ling L, Wu J, Bao L et al. · Human mutation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immunotherapy drug target identification using machine learning and patient-derived tumour explant validation.

This study developed MIDAS, an AI-driven multimodal graph neural network system for immuno-oncology drug target discovery using gene interactions, multi-omics patient profiles, immune cell biology, antigen processing, and phenotypic consequences of genetic perturbations, and validated candidate targets using patient-derived tumour explants. MIDAS generalized to time-sliced data and outperformed state-of-the-art baselines (including OpenTargets) in identifying immunotherapy-relevant targets. Scientifically, it provides a scalable pipeline to discover and experimentally validate immunotherapy targets that may help expand response beyond the minority of patients who benefit clinically.

Augustine M, Nene NR, Fu H et al. · Nature machine intelligence · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multi-omics investigation of perineural invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: neuroimmune mechanisms and clinical implications.

This integrative multi-omics analysis investigated perineural invasion (PNI) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using transcriptomic, proteomic, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic data from public resources plus an independent clinical cohort. The study identified PNI-associated molecular patterns, built prognostic signatures, and characterized neuroimmune features including immune infiltration and cell-cell communication, with regulatory elements explored via super-enhancer mapping and target-gene prediction. Clinically, these neuroimmune and regulatory insights may improve risk prediction for PNI-positive HNSCC and suggest mechanisms relevant to immunotherapy response.

Deng M, Lin Y, Fang C et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

AI-driven insights into protein misfolding and innate immunity in neurodegenerative diseases.

This article reviewed AI-driven approaches to connect protein misfolding and innate immune activation in neurodegenerative diseases, spanning adult-onset disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease and pediatric conditions such as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), and infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). The key finding is that misfolded/aggregated proteins (e.g., β-amyloid, Tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43) interface with microglia-mediated innate immune pathways, and AI can help infer these relationships across disease contexts. This is significant because it frames AI as a tool to generate mechanistic hypotheses and prioritize targets linking proteostasis failure to chronic neuroinflammation.

Deng HX, Cao JL, Wu Y et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Clinical oncology trials & treatment optimization (non-immunotherapy included)

Posterior Pole Shape and Its Association With Axial Length and High Myopia.

This dual-center observational study quantified posterior pole retinal curvature in 142 participants (284 eyes) and tested associations with axial length and high myopia using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Retinal curvature was reconstructed from three-dimensional Bruch’s membrane surfaces with axial-length magnification correction and showed region-wise associations with axial length/high myopia after adjustment for age and sex. These findings support retinal curvature as a geometric biomarker that may improve risk stratification and mechanistic understanding of high myopia progression.

Wang ZX, Wei B, Duan YC et al. · Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Sacituzumab tirumotecan plus pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab in PD-L1-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (OptiTROP-Lung05): interim analysis of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

In the OptiTROP-Lung05 phase 3 randomized open-label trial, patients with PD-L1-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer without targetable genomic alterations were assigned to sacituzumab tirumotecan (sac-TMT) plus pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab alone. The interim analysis evaluated progression and safety outcomes for the antibody-drug conjugate combined with PD-1 blockade as first-line therapy. If efficacy and tolerability are confirmed, this regimen could establish a new first-line standard for PD-L1-positive advanced NSCLC lacking actionable mutations.

Xiong A, Yao W, Zheng W et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Decoding the spatiotemporal development of human meninges.

This study used single-cell spatiotemporal transcriptomics across 6–23 gestational weeks to map cellular and molecular dynamics during human meningeal development. It identified asynchronous layer formation with the pia mater developing earliest and defined layer-specific fibroblast states marked by barrier-related, neurotransmitter transporter/synapse-related, and lipid metabolism-related gene programs. The resulting spatiotemporal atlas provides a framework for understanding how meningeal patterning shapes CNS development and homeostasis.

Li Y, Li Z, She Y et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Teclistamab in Multiple Myeloma with One to Three Previous Lines of Therapy.

This randomized study in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma compared teclistamab (a BCMA×CD3 bispecific antibody) versus investigator’s choice of pomalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone (PVd) or carfilzomib/dexamethasone (Kd) in patients stratified by 1, 2, or 3 prior lines of therapy. The trial assessed progression-free survival as the primary endpoint across these prior-therapy subgroups. The results clarify whether teclistamab can serve as an effective early-line monotherapy option and inform sequencing strategies in multiple myeloma.

Touzeau C, Mina R, Quach H et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

First-Line Sunvozertinib in NSCLC with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations.

In a phase 3 international randomized trial, patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations were assigned to first-line sunvozertinib versus carboplatin–pemetrexed chemotherapy. The study’s primary endpoint was progression-free survival by blinded independent central review, with crossover allowed after progression. Demonstrating superior or durable benefit would support sunvozertinib as a first-line targeted therapy for EGFR exon 20 insertion–driven NSCLC.

Zhou C, Greillier L, Liu G et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Multimodal deep learning model for AI-based functional prognostic risk stratification in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy.

This multicenter retrospective study developed a multimodal deep learning model using contrast-enhanced CT images and clinical data from 1621 patients to predict rapid glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline after radical nephrectomy. The model aimed to identify patients at risk for annual GFR decline >3 mL/min/1.73 m², potentially guiding selection toward technically challenging partial nephrectomy. Clinically, such preoperative risk stratification could improve renal function preservation decisions in complex renal cell carcinoma cases.

Luo Y, Wang Y, Zou X et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Pathologic Myopia Globe Shape and Long-Term Prognosis.

This prospective cohort study in the Zhongshan High Myopia Cohort followed individuals with high myopia (spherical equivalent ≤ −6.00 D in both eyes) with biennial examinations over 15 years to test whether 3D eye shape subtypes from high-resolution MRI predict long-term outcomes. The key question was whether baseline 3D globe shape subtypes are associated with subsequent structural and functional deterioration in high myopia. If confirmed, MRI-defined 3D eye shape could enable earlier, more personalized prognosis and monitoring strategies for patients at risk of progressive myopic complications.

Xiong R, Tan S, Li Y et al. · JAMA ophthalmology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Traffic and Industrial Pollutants and Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

This case-control study examined whether 5-year average residential exposure to traffic-related and industry-related air pollutants is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) risk and sinonasal epithelial cytokine expression in 92 participants undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (62 CRS cases) or skull base surgery (30 controls). The key finding was that specific pollutant exposures were linked to higher CRS risk and altered sinonasal cytokine expression patterns consistent with pollutant-driven inflammatory changes. These results support a mechanistic and epidemiologic role for long-term environmental pollution in CRS and suggest that exposure reduction could be clinically relevant for CRS prevention and risk stratification.

Yang HH, O’Sharkey K, Paul K et al. · JAMA otolaryngology— head & neck surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Circulating Tumor DNA in Early Breast Cancer: A Review.

This review synthesized evidence on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) minimal residual disease (MRD) assays in early breast cancer, focusing on how ctDNA dynamics during neoadjuvant therapy relate to outcomes and how molecular relapse may precede conventional imaging. The key finding was that while ctDNA MRD assays show analytical and clinical validity, their optimal clinical utility (eg, how to use results to guide treatment decisions) remains uncertain. This matters because clarifying when and how ctDNA MRD should change management could improve early breast cancer surveillance and escalation/de-escalation strategies.

Schlam I, Tolaney SM, Lin NU et al. · JAMA oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Test-Retest Reliability of Standardized Diagnostic Interviews for Common Adult Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the test-retest reliability of standardized diagnostic interviews (SDIs) used to classify common adult psychiatric disorders across studies indexed in MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, and related databases through September 2025. The key finding was pooled test-retest reliability estimates for SDIs, with reliability varying by disorder and contributing factors explaining between-study heterogeneity. This is clinically important because it supports evidence-based selection of diagnostic interview tools for consistent psychiatric diagnosis in both research and practice.

Xie W, Nordgaard J, Sheldrick RC et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Validation of a 2-Gene Blood Test for Kawasaki Disease in Febrile Children.

This multicenter diagnostic study validated a 2-gene whole-blood qPCR assay measuring IFI27 and MCEMP1 expression to distinguish Kawasaki disease (KD) from other febrile illnesses in children in Taiwan and Shanghai, China. The key finding was that the IFI27/MCEMP1 qPCR test could accurately differentiate KD from alternative pediatric febrile diagnoses, supporting its diagnostic performance for early identification. This is significant because an objective molecular test could enable faster intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and reduce the risk of coronary artery complications.

Kuo HC, Xue X, Liu F et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Longitudinal Risk for Suicidal Self-Directed Violence Among Veterans With Cancer.

This national cohort study evaluated longitudinal risk and methods for suicidal self-directed violence (SSDV; fatal and nonfatal suicide attempts) among veterans with cancer using oncology and suicide registry data linked to the Veterans Health Administration from 2014 to 2023. The key finding was that veterans with cancer experienced measurable longitudinal SSDV risk with identifiable associated risk factors that could inform screening and prevention. This matters for clinical practice because it provides evidence to target monitoring and interventions for SSDV risk in oncology care settings.

Sullivan DR, Disher N, Rosa WE et al. · JAMA oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Adverse Effects and Treatment Discontinuation of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs and Combinations: A Network Meta-Analysis.

This network meta-analysis reviewed adverse effects and treatment discontinuation of blood pressure (BP)-lowering drugs and combinations across five major short-term trial classes: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and thiazide(-like) diuretics. The key finding was comparative differences in adverse effects and discontinuation rates among drug classes and combinations, highlighting which regimens were more likely to be stopped due to side effects. This is clinically significant because it can guide selection of BP-lowering therapy to improve tolerability, adherence, and overall BP control.

Wang N, Van Der Hoorn S, Pant R et al. · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Evaluation of the safety profile of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a focus on thyroid cancer-related adverse events by using the European pharmacovigilance database.

This pharmacovigilance study analyzed individual case safety reports in the European pharmacovigilance database to assess thyroid cancer-related adverse events associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists (including semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, lixisenatide, dulaglutide) and the dual GLP-1/GIP agonist tirzepatide. The key finding was the observed pattern of thyroid cancer-related adverse event reporting signals for specific GLP-1 RAs/tirzepatide within the database. This is important for post-marketing safety surveillance because it helps quantify and prioritize thyroid cancer risk signals for further epidemiologic confirmation.

Anatriello A, Liguori V, Pentella C et al. · Pharmacological reports : PR · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Differential Biliary Adverse Event Signals Among Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: A FAERS Disproportionality Analysis.

This study used a FAERS disproportionality analysis to compare biliary adverse event signals (cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, biliary colic, bile duct stone, cholangitis) among GLP-1 receptor agonists—semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, exenatide, and dulaglutide—in real-world pharmacovigilance reports, using semaglutide as the reference. The key finding was that biliary AE reporting differed within the GLP-1RA class, with specific agents showing higher or lower disproportionality metrics (PRR/ROR) for biliary outcomes after deduplication and statistical testing. These results support agent-specific risk assessment for biliary complications when selecting GLP-1RA therapy and inform clinicians and regulators monitoring post-marketing safety.

Alvina, Jaffar H, Onwuzo CN et al. · Digestive diseases and sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Genetic variants in red blood cell adhesion-related genes influence the severity of sickle cell anemia in a malaria-endemic region : Short title: Genetic variants in red blood cell adhesion-related genes in sickle cell anemia.

This study examined whether genetic variants in red blood cell adhesion-related genes modify sickle cell anemia (SCA) severity in Angolan pediatric patients living in a malaria-endemic region (Luanda or Caxito), with longitudinal clinical/hematological/biochemical follow-up. The key finding was that specific adhesion-related genetic variants were associated with differences in SCA severity in this population under malaria co-exposure. This provides mechanistic and population-specific evidence that host genetic factors influencing red-cell vascular adhesion can shape SCA clinical manifestations and potentially guide risk stratification.

Matos I, Santos B, Gonçalves E et al. · Molecular biology reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ADHD and the female reproductive stages: menstruation, perinatal and menopause.

This cross-sectional study investigated how ADHD affects female reproductive stages—menstruation, perinatal experiences, and menopausal symptoms—by comparing 377 females with self-reported ADHD to 225 without ADHD using tools including the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). The key finding was that ADHD status was associated with differences in reproductive-stage symptom patterns (including premenstrual symptoms and related experiences) across the studied life stages. Scientifically and clinically, it highlights sex-specific comorbidity considerations for ADHD management and supports integrating reproductive health screening into ADHD care for females.

Boyd C, Wrigley M, Kilbride K et al. · Archives of women’s mental health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Can Lactate Values Predict Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery? A Prospective Observational Study.

This study used Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to quantify global, regional, and national burden of COPD and asthma from 1990–2021 and to project risk and outcomes to 2050 across 21 regions and 204 countries/territories. The key finding was that COPD and asthma showed distinct temporal trends and differing contributions from risk factors, with projections indicating continued future burden changes through 2050. These results are significant for public health planning by identifying where and how COPD/asthma burdens are expected to evolve and which risk factors drive them.

Temiztürk Z, Beyazal OF, Topçu AC et al. · Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Intrathecal Allogeneic B7-H3-targeted CAR γδ T Cells for Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Solid Tumors: Safety, Efficacy, and Immunological Dynamics in a Phase 1 Trial.

This prospective observational study enrolled 250 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and measured routinely obtained serum lactate at multiple time points (pre-op and post-op at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours) to test whether lactate predicts postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). The key finding was that lactate values differed between patients who developed POAF (58/250; 23.2%) and those who did not, and lactate had predictive value for POAF risk. This suggests that serial perioperative lactate monitoring could help identify patients at higher risk for POAF and potentially enable earlier preventive strategies.

Ma P, Zhou Y, Ma W et al. · Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A forward genetic screen identifies Sirtuin1 as a driver of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

This study used Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis in a mouse model with prostate-specific loss of Pten and Tp53 (NPp53 mice) to identify genetic drivers of aggressive neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), then compared findings to human NEPC features. The key finding was that Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) emerged as a driver of NEPC progression, with SB insertion site analysis identifying Sirt1 among recurrent common insertion site (CIS) genes associated with aggressive phenotypes. This is significant because it implicates Sirt1 as a potential therapeutic target or biomarker for NEPC, a lethal prostate cancer subtype.

Nunes de Almeida F, Vasciaveo A, Giacobbe A et al. · The Journal of experimental medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Magnesium Sulfate to Prevent Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied whether perioperative intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion (targeting serum magnesium 1.5–2.0 mmol/L) reduces postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valvular surgery. Perioperative magnesium sulfate lowered the incidence of POAF compared with placebo. Clinically, this supports magnesium sulfate as a potentially simple, modifiable perioperative intervention to reduce POAF risk in cardiac surgery patients without prior atrial arrhythmias or severe renal dysfunction.

Meerman M, Buijser M, Neto AS et al. · Critical care medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Associations of Retinal Curvature With Choroidal Thickness and OCTA-Derived Choroidal Flow-Density Metric in High Myopia: A Two-Center OCTA Study of Interocular Asymmetry.

This two-center cross-sectional OCTA study investigated how retinal curvature (RC) relates to choroidal thickness (CT) and an OCTA-derived choroidal flow-density metric (CF) in people with high myopia, including interocular asymmetry. RC showed associations with choroidal structural and perfusion-density measures, and interocular differences were more tightly linked to perfusion-density (OCTA CF) than to thickness alone. These results indicate that OCTA-derived choroidal blood-flow metrics may better capture curvature-related microvascular alterations in high myopia.

Wang ZX, Wei B, Li R · Translational vision science & technology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis following preterm premature rupture of membranes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies since 2020.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated blood biomarkers for diagnosing chorioamnionitis in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) using studies published since 2020. Across included studies, the review synthesized evidence on diagnostic performance of candidate blood tests (beyond nonspecific markers like CRP and white blood cell count). The clinical significance is improved guidance on which blood biomarkers may support earlier, more specific chorioamnionitis diagnosis to reduce maternal and neonatal complications.

Puravet A, Kahouadji S, Gallot D et al. · Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical Validation of a QSP Model for ISB 2001, a Trispecific T Cell Engager to Support Optimal FIH Study Design in RRMM Patients.

This article reported clinical validation of a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model for ISB 2001, a trispecific T cell engager, to support first-in-human (FIH) study design in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients. The validated model addressed limitations from lack of CD3ε cross-reactivity in cynomolgus monkeys and supported selection of an optimal FIH dosing strategy for the TRIgnite-1 study. Scientifically, it provides a framework for translating TCE pharmacology into clinical dose-ranging when preclinical species are not fully predictive.

Chandralayam Ayyappa Menon V, Matsuura T, Holkova B et al. · Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

This Cochrane systematic review assessed the effects of pharmacotherapy for reducing PTSD symptoms in adults with PTSD. The review synthesized randomized evidence from multiple databases and trial registers to evaluate medication benefits and harms for PTSD symptom outcomes. Clinically, it informs evidence-based medication use for PTSD and highlights where treatment effects and certainty vary across drug classes and study designs.

Williams T, Phillips NJ, Stein DJ et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · (2026) · 97 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Phase 3 Results of Bepirovirsen Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

This phase 3 study evaluated bepirovirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts, for chronic HBV infection in two replicate double-blind trials (B-Well 1 and B-Well 2). Adults with noncirrhotic chronic HBV receiving weekly subcutaneous bepirovirsen for 24 weeks achieved higher rates of the functional cure endpoint (sustained HBV DNA below LLOQ and HBsAg loss) than placebo. These results support bepirovirsen as a promising finite-duration therapeutic approach aimed at achieving functional cure in chronic HBV.

Hou J, Lim SG, Buti M et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for “Undruggable” Cancer Targets: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Prospects.

This review examined nucleic acid therapeutics (including ASOs, siRNAs, and miRNAs) as strategies to target historically “undruggable” cancer oncoproteins such as Ras, MYC, and p53. It found that nucleic acid modalities can bypass the need for well-defined protein structural domains by acting at the mRNA/genomic level rather than directly inhibiting protein–protein or protein–ligand interactions. This supports a translational framework for expanding precision oncology to targets constrained by conventional small-molecule or biologic druggability.

Xu F, Wang K, Lu K et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multimodal Genotype-Phenotype Analysis in SMARCB1-Associated Developmental Disorders.

This study analyzed 31 individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic SMARCB1 variants to define genotype–phenotype correlations in SMARCB1-associated developmental disorders, including Coffin–Siris syndrome (CSS), using multimodal clinical and computational methods. The key finding was that variant effects could be predicted and linked to phenotypic manifestations by integrating 3D protein modeling, facial similarity (GestaltMatcher), and machine-learning phenotype-driven genotype prediction. Clinically, this improves interpretation of SMARCB1 variants and refines expectations for neurodevelopmental and dysmorphic features in CSS-spectrum patients.

Saad R, Gigli CC, van der Sluijs PJ et al. · Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer Surveillance in Lynch Syndrome: A Scoping Review of International and National Guidelines.

This scoping review mapped international and national cancer surveillance, risk-reducing surgery, and chemoprevention guidelines for Lynch syndrome across multiple hereditary cancer sites. It found substantial variation in recommended surveillance modalities, timing, intervals, and evidence grading, with only partial consensus and identifiable evidence gaps. The results highlight where guideline harmonization and stronger comparative evidence are needed to optimize Lynch syndrome prevention strategies.

McKenzie M, Quinn M, Stockley C et al. · Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Optimal serum potassium concentrations in heart failure: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

This individual patient data meta-analysis pooled 12 randomized controlled trials to evaluate the association between baseline and categorized serum potassium concentrations and all-cause mortality in 32,346 patients with HFrEF and 13,723 with HFpEF. The key finding was that the “safe” serum potassium range in heart failure could be characterized using both categorical thresholds and restricted cubic spline modeling, with mortality risk varying across potassium strata and potentially differing by HFrEF versus HFpEF. Scientifically and clinically, it informs potassium monitoring targets and risk stratification for heart failure patients, especially when adjusting therapies that affect potassium.

Ono R, Chimura M, Docherty KF et al. · European heart journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Zirconia versus Titanium Implants: 1-year Prosthetic Outcome of Screw-Retained Single Crowns in a Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial compared one-year prosthetic outcomes of screw-retained, implant-supported all-ceramic single crowns placed on two-piece zirconia implants (zirconia with a titanium base connection) versus conventional titanium implants. The key finding was that restoration survival and technical/esthetic outcomes after 1 year could be systematically contrasted between the zirconia–titanium base and titanium implant platforms. Clinically, it provides evidence to guide implant material selection for screw-retained single crowns with attention to complications and peri-implant soft-tissue parameters.

Balmer M, Fischer A, Kühl S et al. · Clinical implant dentistry and related research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Next generation sequencing-based measurable residual disease detection predicts outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

This study developed and validated a cost-efficient next-generation sequencing (NGS) measurable residual disease (MRD) assay using single-molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs) targeting 92 genomic loci in 33 AML driver genes, then applied it to 93 AML patients in remission prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). The key finding was that NGS-based MRD positivity (defined by detection of ≥1 non–DTA mutation such as DNMT3A/TE-related loci, per the abstract) predicted patient outcomes after allo-SCT. This is significant because it offers a scalable MRD tool that could support post-remission risk stratification in resource-limited settings.

Krauß SM, Holloway T, Weigert A et al. · Haematologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A phase I/II study of twice-weekly ixazomib plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.

This phase I/II clinical trial evaluated an all-oral regimen of twice-weekly ixazomib plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in 50 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The key finding was the feasibility of dose-escalation (ixazomib 3–4 mg twice weekly; pomalidomide 2–4 mg; dexamethasone 8–12 mg) and the resulting clinical activity/safety profile in a heavily pretreated population (median 2 prior lines, with most previously exposed to lenalidomide). Clinically, it supports a convenient proteasome-inhibitor–based triplet strategy for RRMM that may be practical for real-world treatment delivery.

Nadeem O, Redd RA, Barth PM et al. · Haematologica · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Is CPX-351 the best path to remission for older patients with treatment-related or myelodysplastic-related acute myeloid leukemia?

This article asked whether CPX-351 is the best route to remission for older patients with treatment-related or myelodysplastic-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML), focusing on comparative effectiveness in this specific high-risk subgroup. The key finding is not available because the abstract text was not provided. Without the abstract, the clinical significance for choosing CPX-351 versus alternatives in older treatment-related/MDS-related AML cannot be determined from the supplied information.

Yisraeli-Salman M, Ofran Y · Haematologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A comparative review of pathophysiology, diagnosis and evolving management.

This comparative review synthesized current knowledge on osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathophysiology, diagnosis, and evolving management, contrasting OA’s degenerative cartilage and extracellular matrix breakdown with RA’s autoimmune synovial inflammation. It highlighted overlapping clinical presentations (pain, stiffness, functional decline) that can delay targeted diagnosis and emphasized key molecular events such as chondrocyte senescence and biomechanical stress responses in OA versus immune dysregulation in RA. The review is clinically significant for improving differential diagnosis and guiding more mechanism-based treatment selection across two common chronic joint diseases.

Biswas S, Kalita JK, Nath B et al. · Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-world effectiveness of first-line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

This real-world retrospective study evaluated first-line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in 401 patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated at Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital (2019–2021), including comparisons of domestically developed versus internationally developed PD-1 inhibitors in China. The key finding was that overall survival outcomes differed between treatment strategies, with survival benefits associated with immunotherapy-based regimens compared with chemotherapy alone, and that PD-1 inhibitor origin was explored in relation to survival. Clinically, it supports evidence for how PD-1–based first-line strategies perform in routine practice and informs treatment selection in advanced NSCLC.

Li L, Du J, Yang J et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

RhoA deficiency in chondrocyte inhibits cartilage fibrosis and ameliorates osteoarthritis progression via SOX4/MMP2 axis.

This study investigated whether RhoA in fibrocartilage chondrocytes drives cartilage fibrosis and osteoarthritis (OA) progression, using human OA cartilage from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and a mouse post-traumatic OA model (destabilization of the medial meniscus) with chondrocyte-specific Rhoa deletion under a Col promoter. RhoA deficiency in chondrocytes inhibited cartilage fibrosis and ameliorated OA progression through a SOX4/MMP2 signaling axis. These findings identify the RhoA–SOX4/MMP2 pathway as a mechanistic target for anti-fibrotic and disease-modifying OA therapies.

Xu Y, Xu S, Li J et al. · Journal of orthopaedic translation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Population health outcomes in Qatar 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

This study analyzed long-term population health outcomes in Qatar from 1990–2023, using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 framework data to assess trends in morbidity, mortality, and risk factors across demographic and epidemiologic transitions. The key finding was that Qatar’s disease burden patterns shifted substantially over three decades, reflecting changes in population structure and health system capacity. The results provide an up-to-date evidence base to guide national priority-setting and resource allocation for prevention and treatment strategies.

Nashwan AJ, Abukhadijah HJ, Al-Mutawa MN et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, with or without peritoneal metastases: a post-hoc analysis on RATIONALE-305 study.

This post-hoc analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 RATIONALE-305 trial studied first-line tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in treatment-naïve adults (≥18 years) with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, stratified by presence or absence of peritoneal metastases. The analysis evaluated efficacy of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy across these peritoneal-metastasis subgroups. Clinically, it aims to clarify whether adding tislelizumab to chemotherapy provides differential benefit in patients with peritoneal disease, informing subgroup-specific treatment decisions.

Qiu MZ, Lee KW, Möhler M et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Turkish pregnant women’s opinions, beliefs, and attitudes about maternal tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis, influenza, coronavirus disease 2019, and respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.

This cross-sectional survey studied Turkish pregnant women in their third trimester to assess attitudes, beliefs, and vaccine acceptance for maternal tetanus/diphtheria/acellular pertussis (Tdap), influenza, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines. Among 457 respondents, the study quantified maternal immunization behavior and identified sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine acceptance. These findings can help tailor culturally appropriate maternal vaccination communication strategies in Türkiye to improve uptake and protect mothers and infants.

Ağralı-Eröz N, Karadağ-Öncel E, Gülşah-Şahingöz A et al. · Journal of tropical pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Edentulism and incident hip fracture among middle-aged and older adults in China: evidence from the CHARLS.

This longitudinal cohort study examined whether edentulism is associated with incident hip fracture and whether frailty mediates this relationship in middle-aged and older adults in China using CHARLS data. The key finding was that edentulism predicted higher risk of subsequent hip fracture, with frailty proposed as a potential pathway linking oral health to skeletal outcomes. These results support considering dental status and frailty assessment in hip-fracture risk stratification and prevention programs.

Chen X, Wang Q, Zhao Z et al. · BMC public health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Quality and performance of machine learning versus logistic regression for predicting IVIG resistance in Kawasaki disease: a PROBAST+AI systematic comparison.

This systematic comparison evaluated predictive modeling approaches for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in Kawasaki disease (KD), comparing logistic regression (LR) versus machine learning (ML) using the PROBAST+AI framework. The key finding was a comparative assessment of methodological rigor, risk of bias, and predictive performance (including meta-analytic AUC) across studies of LR and ML models. The work informs which modeling strategies are more reliable for clinical prediction of IVIG resistance in KD and highlights methodological gaps for future model development.

Zhang J, Wang D, Dong J et al. · BMC medical research methodology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

AcTor, a novel mTOR stimulator, potentiates ixazomib for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

This study investigated AcTor, a novel mTOR activator designed to potentiate proteasome inhibition, in the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by targeting the TSC complex (TSC1/TSC2/TBC1D7) pathway. The key finding was that AcTor potentiated cytotoxic activity of the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib (IXZ) across multiple acute myeloid leukemia cell types. This supports a therapeutic strategy of combining mTOR activation via TSC2 inhibition with proteasome inhibition to enhance anti-leukemia efficacy.

Pattanayak SP, Darawshi O, Hajihassani O et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Generated automatically on May 30, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.