PubMed Trending Research Digest — June 01, 2026

Automated digest · 97 articles · 15 research areas · June 01, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s papers, a dominant theme is precision targeting—both in oncology and beyond—enabled by better molecular definitions of disease. Multiple studies advance next-generation therapeutics (e.g., bispecific antibodies/ADCs, T-cell engagers, and nanobody-based TNFR agonists), while others refine who should receive which treatment using genomics, epigenetics, and multi-omics signatures (such as mutation-to-metabolite causal models in PDAC, ancestry-aware TWAS in breast cancer, and aging/biological clocks for risk stratification). Together, these works emphasize moving from “average benefit” toward mechanism-informed, patient-specific decision-making.

A second major thread is the growing recognition that cellular state and microenvironment—often governed by metabolic and epitranscriptomic regulation—shape treatment response and disease progression. Examples include m6A/YTHDF2 pathways driving fibrosis or immune signaling, metabolic-epigenetic axes that reprogram tumor immunity (e.g., NPM1MU–FTO–m6A in AML), and tumor-ecosystem/microbiome shifts induced by chemotherapy. In parallel, several neuro- and immune-focused studies highlight interconnected inflammatory and mitochondrial processes (e.g., α-synuclein–mitochondria–inflammation in Parkinson’s, microglia/astrocyte crosstalk after spinal cord injury), reinforcing a systems view of pathology.

Finally, the digest highlights methodological and translational momentum: AI- and structure-guided drug discovery, automated cryo-EM grid preparation, and large-scale single-cell/spatial atlases are expanding what researchers can measure and model. On the clinical side, population-level screening and real-world implementation studies (including spillover effects from MCED trial participation) and pragmatic trials of exercise/adjunct therapies show how evidence is being translated into actionable care pathways.

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Targeted cancer therapeutics (antibodies, ADCs, bispecifics, TCR/TCER)

MAGE-A4/MAGE-A8-targeted TCR-based bispecific T cell engager in recurrent and/or refractory solid tumors: a phase 1 trial.

This phase 1 first-in-human trial studied the MAGE-A4/MAGE-A8-targeted TCR-based bispecific T cell engager IMA401 in 61 patients with recurrent and/or refractory advanced solid tumours, with dosing by intravenous infusion and evaluation with or without pembrolizumab. The key finding of the interim analysis was the determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for IMA401 monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab. This is clinically significant because it advances a targeted TCER strategy against MAGE-A4/A8 for HLA-A*02:01-positive tumour antigen presentation.

Wermke M, Ochsenreither S, Jaeger D et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Complications of PI to PIII hemipelvic resections for intermediate and malignant tumours : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis studied complication rates after PI to PIII hemipelvic resections for intermediate and malignant pelvic tumours, aggregating 90 original studies published up to 22 July 2025. It quantified overall complication rates using random-effects meta-analysis and compared complication differences across reconstruction-related and surgery-related factors. The results are clinically important for counselling, surgical planning, and improving reconstruction strategies in complex pelvic oncologic resections.

Smolle MA, Wenzl FA, Laitinen MK et al. · Bone & joint open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ivonescimab plus chemotherapy versus tislelizumab plus chemotherapy in advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (HARMONi-6): interim overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial in China.

This prespecified interim overall survival analysis studied ivonescimab plus chemotherapy versus tislelizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer in the randomized, double-blind, phase 3 HARMONi-6 trial in China. The study compared overall survival outcomes between the PD-1/VEGF bispecific antibody ivonescimab regimen and the PD-1 antibody tislelizumab regimen, building on prior progression-free survival results. Clinically, it informs whether the PD1–VEGF targeting strategy translates into survival benefit for this patient population.

Lu S, Liu B, Luo Y et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Amivantamab in recurrent/metastatic HNSCC after checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy: pivotal results from the phase 1b/2 OrigAMI-4 study.

This phase 1b/2 OrigAMI-4 study evaluated subcutaneous amivantamab, an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody, in participants with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (R/M HNSCC) after PD-(L)1 inhibitor and platinum-based chemotherapy. The pivotal results reported objective response rate (RECIST v1.1) as the primary endpoint, with secondary outcomes including duration of response and progression-free survival. These findings establish clinical activity of amivantamab in a post-checkpoint, post-platinum setting where EGFR and MET are commonly overexpressed.

Burtness B, Rosenberg AJ, Calderon B et al. · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Afatinib Versus Osimertinib for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Uncommon EGFR Mutations: Real-World Outcomes.

This multicenter retrospective cohort study compared first-line afatinib versus osimertinib in advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC with uncommon EGFR mutations (excluding exon 20 insertions and de novo T790M) across 29 Japanese hospitals. Using inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance baseline differences, it found differential real-world outcomes between the two EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for this heterogeneous EGFR-uncommon population. The results inform treatment selection for patients with uncommon EGFR mutations where prospective evidence is limited.

Nagano Y, Yokouchi H, Saito R et al. · Cancer science · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy: Is There a Risk of Insertional Mutagenesis?

This article reviewed the natural history and long-term safety of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) gene therapy vectors, focusing on how wild-type AAV (wtAAV) can persist as episomes and occasionally integrate into host genomes. It concludes that clonal wtAAV integration has been reported only rarely (e.g., in a small number of hepatocellular carcinoma cases) and that structural differences between wtAAV and rAAV limit direct extrapolation of those findings, while rAAV also persists episomally. The review is clinically significant because it frames insertional mutagenesis risk assessment for AAV therapies and highlights the need for long-term monitoring tailored to vector design and persistence biology.

Batty P · Toxicologic pathology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy in patients with high-volume metastatic prostate cancer achieving deep biochemical response to contemporary systemic therapy: a multicentre, prospective cohort study.

This multicentre, prospective cohort study evaluated cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (CRP) in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) who achieved deep biochemical response to contemporary systemic therapy, including both high-volume and other metastatic burdens. The key finding was that CRP was feasible in this setting and was associated with oncological outcomes in patients achieving deep biochemical response. If validated, these data suggest CRP may be considered for selected patients with high-volume mHSPC who enter a deep remission window after systemic therapy.

Huang C, Guo H, Gao W et al. · BMC medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Therapeutic effect of T-cell engager in two patients with autoimmune neuropathy.

The report studied two patients with treatment-refractory chronic immune-mediated peripheral nerve myelinopathies (CIPNM)—IgM-kappa-associated CIPNM and anti-MAG antibody-mediated CIPNM—treated with the bispecific T-cell engager teclistamab targeting BCMA. Both patients showed rapid clinical improvement, including increased walking distance and reduced nerve swelling, during follow-up periods of 9 and 6 months, respectively. This suggests teclistamab may be a promising BCMA-directed immunotherapy option for refractory CIPNM subtypes.

Wickel J, Ceanga M, Vlad B et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A simple and broadly applicable nanobody-based approach to generate potent TNFR agonists.

The study developed a nanobody-based platform to generate potent TNFR agonists targeting members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). It focused on overcoming ligand stability, manufacturability, TNFR specificity, and the need for receptor oligomerization using nanobody engineering to produce effective TNFR agonism. This provides a broadly applicable approach for creating next-generation TNFR agonist therapeutics and research tools.

Lang I, Zaitseva O, Glöckler A et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tunable gene control via RNA splicing with a clinically approved small molecule.

The study developed RisdiON, a tunable transgene control system in which the clinically approved small molecule risdiplam modulates endogenous pre-mRNA splicing to regulate expression. It reported that RisdiON provides robust, dose-dependent induction with minimal leakiness using a compact split-ATG architecture that yields native, tag-free proteins. This is significant for safer clinical translation of gene and cell therapies by avoiding immunogenic exogenous regulators and non-approved inducers.

Mendel M, Schwarz D, Sun T et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lorlatinib versus crizotinib as first-line treatment for advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: 7-year update from the phase 3 CROWN study.

This phase 3 CROWN study post hoc analysis compared first-line lorlatinib 100 mg once daily versus crizotinib 250 mg twice daily in 296 treatment-naive patients with advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with long-term follow-up to 7 years. Lorlatinib showed markedly superior progression-free survival (median PFS not reached vs 9.1 months; 7-year PFS 55% vs 3%; HR 0.19) along with updated safety and biomarker analyses. The long-term efficacy supports lorlatinib as a preferred first-line ALK inhibitor strategy for durable disease control in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC.

Shaw AT, Solomon BJ, Felip E et al. · Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tafasitamab plus lenalidomide and R-CHOP versus R-CHOP for first-line treatment of patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (frontMIND): a global, phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

This phase 3 frontMIND trial compared tafasitamab plus lenalidomide with R-CHOP (tafa-len-R-CHOP) versus R-CHOP alone in previously untreated patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The key finding was that adding tafasitamab (Fc-enhanced anti-CD19) and lenalidomide to standard R-CHOP improved outcomes compared with placebo plus R-CHOP (full efficacy details are truncated in the abstract). The study supports a new first-line chemoimmunotherapy intensification approach for high-risk DLBCL patients who are not cured by R-CHOP alone.

Lenz G, Trněný M, Burke JM et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Molecular Design and Preclinical Evaluation of GenSci143, a Novel B7-H3- and PSMA-Directed Bispecific Antibody-Drug Conjugate, for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer.

This study preclinically evaluated GenSci143, a B7-H3×PSMA-directed bispecific antibody-drug conjugate (BsADC) carrying a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor payload, for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). GenSci143 was designed to address tumor antigen heterogeneity and drug resistance by using dual targeting (B7-H3 and PSMA) with a plasma-stable linker to deliver the payload to heterogeneous tumor cells. If confirmed in further studies, this bispecific ADC could improve efficacy and durability versus single-target ADCs in mCRPC patients with variable B7-H3/PSMA expression.

Xu Y, Li F, Cui Z et al. · Molecular cancer therapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer immunotherapy & immune checkpoint modulation

Current advances in immunotherapy for KRAS-Mutant pancreatic cancer.

This review article synthesized current immunotherapy advances for KRAS-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), focusing on how KRAS mutations shape an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It highlights mechanisms by which KRAS-driven biology promotes immune dysfunction, dense fibrotic stroma, and metabolic features that contribute to resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The review’s mechanistic framing supports rational combination strategies targeting KRAS-associated immune evasion in KRAS-mutant PDAC.

Li M, Wang X, Li P et al. · Clinical and experimental medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Treatment effect heterogeneity of radiotherapy in localized Ewing sarcoma: A secondary analysis of the EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 and Ewing 2008 trial.

The study analyzed treatment effect heterogeneity of radiotherapy versus surgery alone in localized Ewing sarcoma using patient data from the EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 and Ewing 2008 trials. Using causal survival forests with repeated k-fold cross-validation, it generated individualized treatment effects for 5-year event-free survival (5y EFS) and derived predictors for who benefits from combined local therapy. Clinically, this supports more personalized selection of radiotherapy in Ewing sarcoma rather than relying on an average treatment effect.

Heesen P, Feuerriegel S, Ciobanu-Caraus O et al. · European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A critical review of clinical factors and tools for predicting chimeric antigen receptor T-cell toxicities.

This critical review evaluated clinical factors and prediction tools for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), ICANS, immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT), and immune effector cell-associated hemophagocytosis-like syndrome (IEC-HS). It summarized incidence patterns and assessed how existing diagnostic and grading criteria and risk-stratification models are used to predict and manage these toxicities. The significance is that it clarifies which prediction approaches may best support safer CAR T therapy by identifying patients at higher risk for severe immune and hematologic complications.

Li J, Dowling MR, Wronski M et al. · Transplantation and cellular therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer genomics, transcriptomics & epigenetics (biomarkers, risk genes, subtypes)

Integrative single-cell and bulk transcriptomics define cell death patterns and ZDHHC22 in gastric cancer progression.

This study integrated gastric cancer single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from GEO with bulk RNA-seq data from TCGA to map cell death heterogeneity and identify genes linked to progression, focusing on ZDHHC22. The authors reported that specific cell-death patterning across tumor states was associated with ZDHHC22 and that ZDHHC22-related signatures tracked with gastric cancer progression. These findings suggest ZDHHC22 and cell-death programs could serve as biomarkers or mechanistic targets for improving prognostic stratification and therapeutic decision-making in gastric cancer.

Wu J, Chen C, Dou G et al. · BMC medical genomics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cyclin E1 overexpression identifies a therapeutically relevant poor prognostic patient subgroup in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

This research studied Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) overexpression and its prognostic value in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) using original and public clinical cohorts. It found 59% of tumors overexpressed Cyclin E1, with more than half lacking CCNE1 gene amplification, indicating protein overexpression is not always explained by gene copy-number gain. This is clinically significant because Cyclin E1 overexpression can identify a therapeutically relevant poor-prognosis subgroup for cell-cycle checkpoint–targeted strategies.

Kim D, Chung H, Abed M et al. · NPJ precision oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Histone methyltransferase KMT2D promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer progression by reactivating AR through FOXA1.

This study investigated how histone methyltransferase KMT2D promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by reactivating the androgen receptor (AR) through the pioneer factor FOXA1. It found that KMT2D recruits FOXA1 to AR-specific enhancers to increase chromatin accessibility and AR target gene transcription, and that FOXA1 mutations disrupt this regulatory axis. The work is significant because it links an epigenetic driver (KMT2D) to AR reactivation and downstream metabolic programs, suggesting actionable targets for CRPC.

Luo M, Wu C, Zhou M et al. · Oncogene · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Inference of upstream-mutation and metabolomic-signature causality identifies prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.

The study applied a causal inference framework, Mutation-Upstream-of-Metabolomic-Signature (MUMS), to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to link upstream mutations to serum metabolomic signatures and outcomes. It identified a nine-serum-metabolite panel that predicts survival across multiple independent PDAC cohorts and used MUMS to nominate and functionally validate GRPEL1 as a tumor-promoting gene via downstream metabolomic effects. This provides prognostic biomarkers and a mutation-to-metabolism causal route to therapeutic target discovery in PDAC.

Chen F, Lou X, Guo X et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multi-ancestry transcriptome-wide association studies uncover insights into breast cancer genetics and biology.

The study performed multi-ancestry transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) in breast cancer to identify susceptibility genes using ancestry-specific models for gene expression, alternative splicing, and 3’ UTR alternative polyadenylation. Using data from 652 normal female tissue samples and GWAS of 178,534 cases and 248,300 controls, it identified 290 genes associated with breast cancer risk, including 103 newly reported genes and 46 with no prior evidence. These results refine the genetic architecture of breast cancer and prioritize candidate genes for downstream functional biology and risk stratification.

Ping J, Jia G, Cai Q et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondrial RNA degradation regulates differentiation, stemness, and immune sensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia.

The study examined mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) transcription and degradation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and stem cells, focusing on the mitochondrial degradosome components SUV3 and PNPase. It found that SUV3 and PNPase are upregulated in AML and stem cells, promoting mtRNA and mitochondrial dsRNA degradation, while depletion of SUV3 or PNPase impairs mtRNA degradation and causes dsRNA accumulation. These findings link mitochondrial RNA turnover to differentiation, stemness, and immune sensitivity in AML, suggesting SUV3/PNPase–mediated RNA degradation as a potential therapeutic lever to modulate antitumor immunity.

Thomas GE, Voisin V, Nouri K et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Clinical Significance: A Multisystem Disorder Requiring a Multidisciplinary Approach.

This article reviewed monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS), a clonal plasma cell or B-cell disorder causing organ dysfunction without malignancy-defining criteria like those for multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia. It summarized mechanisms of tissue damage driven by monoclonal proteins and clonal cells, including immunoglobulin deposition, immune complex activation, complement dysregulation, and paraneoplastic cytokine effects in some syndromes. The clinical significance is emphasizing MGCS as a multidisciplinary, underrecognized diagnosis requiring careful evaluation to prevent organ damage.

Dimopoulos MA, Theodorakakou F, Kastritis E · Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

From Imaging to Molecular Pathways: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of the Distinctive Landscape of Secretory Meningioma.

This narrative review synthesized epidemiology, clinical and imaging features, histology/immunohistochemistry, and the genetic landscape of secretory meningioma, focusing on its distinctive molecular profile. Secretory meningioma is characterized by pseudopsammoma bodies, strong CEA and EMA immunoreactivity, and recurrent mutations including KLF4 K409Q and TRAF7, alongside typical radiologic patterns driven by prominent peritumoral brain edema. Clinically, recognizing this molecular/immunophenotypic signature can improve diagnostic accuracy and inform management of this uncommon meningioma subtype.

Shahabinejad E, Kamali M, Shakoeizadeh A et al. · The International journal of neuroscience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Tumor microenvironment, cell states & tumor-immune/metabolic interactions

Ferroptosis-based therapeutic strategy targeting iron metabolism and SLC7A11 overcomes oxaliplatin resistance in patient-derived pancreatic cancer organoids.

This study tested a ferroptosis-based strategy targeting iron metabolism and the transporter SLC7A11 to overcome oxaliplatin resistance in patient-derived pancreatic cancer organoids (PDPCOs). Using 42 PDPCOs with whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and drug response assays, it found that inducing ferroptosis (via SLC7A11/iron metabolism disruption) synergized with or restored sensitivity to oxaliplatin, accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and altered iron/mitochondrial function. The clinical significance is that it provides a mechanism-linked therapeutic approach for treating oxaliplatin-resistant pancreatic cancer using patient-derived models.

Choi JH, Lee KM, Oh M et al. · Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Toosendanin suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by targeting DDX5/c-Myc axis to inhibit protein synthesis.

This study investigated toosendanin (TSN) as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by targeting the DDX5/c-Myc axis to inhibit protein synthesis. Using integrated chemical biology target deconvolution (affinity pull-down, CETSA, DARTS, and molecular docking) plus RNA-seq, functional assays, and genetic rescue experiments, it found that TSN suppresses AML by disrupting DDX5/c-Myc signaling and thereby reducing protein synthesis. The scientific significance is that it identifies a specific molecular axis for TSN’s anti-AML activity, supporting further therapeutic development and mechanistic validation.

He X, Chen Z, Luo J et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dynamics of tumor ecosystems and microbiome in response to neoadjuvant ABFOLFOX treatment in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer with liver metastasis.

This study analyzed how tumor ecosystems and the microbiome change in response to neoadjuvant ABFOLFOX (atezolizumab, bevacizumab, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer with liver metastasis (CRLM). In two cohorts (cross-sectional cohort A and prospectively sampled cohort B) using RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry on tissue and shotgun metagenomic sequencing on stool, it found that ABFOLFOX is associated with dynamic shifts in tumor ecosystem features and microbiome composition that relate to treatment outcomes. The significance is that it links therapy-induced ecological changes to clinical response, potentially enabling microbiome- and ecosystem-informed biomarkers for CRLM.

Kim W, Kim JE, Hong YS et al. · Genome medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

NPM1 mutation promotes creatine anabolism by FTO-dependent m6A demethylation to drive macrophage M2 polarization in acute myeloid leukemia.

This study investigated how nucleophosmin 1 mutation (NPM1MU) drives creatine anabolism and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression via FTO-dependent m6A demethylation to promote macrophage M2 polarization. The key finding was that NPM1MU overexpression reduced m6A levels through increased FTO activity (including cytoplasmic mislocalization and binding to FTO), thereby enhancing creatine metabolism and fostering an immunosuppressive M2 macrophage phenotype. These mechanistic insights link an AML genetic subtype to metabolic-epigenetic control of tumor microenvironment immune evasion, suggesting potential therapeutic targets in NPM1MU AML.

Wang JD, Liao CJ, Lei XX et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

NF1 loss in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer induces osteoclast formation and immunosuppression to promote bone metastasis.

This work examined whether loss of the tumor suppressor NF1 in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer promotes osteoclast formation and immunosuppression to drive bone metastasis. NF1 copy-number loss was detected in 62% of ER+ patients who later developed metastases and was associated with increased bone metastasis likelihood, and in mouse xenograft models NF1-depleted ER+ cells enhanced skeletal dissemination. The findings implicate NF1 loss as a driver of bone-colonizing microenvironment remodeling, supporting NF1 status as a potential biomarker and therapeutic vulnerability in ER+ breast cancer.

Zhao Z, Zheng ZY, Lei JT et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Exosomal circFXR1 drives immune evasion and tumor progression through dual regulation of PD-L1 and mTOR signaling in gastric cancer.

This study assessed whether exosomal circular RNA circFXR1 from gastric cancer regulates immune evasion and tumor progression by dual modulation of PD-L1 and mTOR signaling. Exosomal circFXR1 was identified as upregulated in gastric cancer and associated with poor survival, and functional experiments in gastric cancer cell lines, patient-derived organoids, and multiple mouse models showed that circFXR1 promotes tumor progression through PD-L1 and mTOR pathway regulation. The results support exosomal circFXR1 as a mechanistic mediator of immune escape and a candidate target for improving immunotherapy responsiveness in gastric cancer.

Chu H, Liu X, Zhuang X et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

RAD1 promotes oxaliplatin resistance in gastric cancer by reinforcing NRF2-driven antioxidant defense and DDR checkpoint signaling.

This study aimed to identify and translate oxaliplatin resistance-driving tumor states in gastric cancer into clinically tractable predictors using single-cell and organoid-based approaches. It found that RAD1 promotes oxaliplatin resistance by reinforcing NRF2-driven antioxidant defense and DNA damage response (DDR) checkpoint signaling, derived from resistance signatures in oxaliplatin-resistant versus sensitive gastric cancer organoids and localized via scRNA-seq to malignant epithelial states. The work provides a mechanistic and potentially actionable framework for predicting and targeting oxaliplatin resistance in gastric cancer.

Zhou B, Zhang S, Shen Z et al. · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Exosomes in Glioma: Integrating Molecular Mechanisms with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.

This review synthesized current evidence on how glioma-derived exosomes regulate molecular mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and how they can be leveraged for diagnosis and therapy. It highlights that exosomes transfer cargo such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins to reprogram immune, stromal, and neuronal cells, promoting immune evasion, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. Clinically, exosome-based biomarkers and therapeutic targeting strategies could help overcome current limitations in glioma detection and treatment.

Liu Y, Nie Y, Zhang H et al. · Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Single-cell & spatial omics atlases (cross-species resources)

Network-based single-cell analysis identifies a proliferative GZMB+ plasma cell subset linked to Hedgehog signaling and prognostic risk in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

This study used network-based integrative single-cell RNA-seq analysis to identify plasma cell subsets in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), highlighting a proliferative GZMB+ plasma cell population and relating it to Hedgehog signaling and prognosis. The key finding was that the proliferative GZMB+ plasma cell subset was linked to Hedgehog pathway activity and associated with higher prognostic risk. This provides a candidate immune-cell biomarker and pathway axis (GZMB+ plasma cells–Hedgehog signaling) for risk prediction and potential therapeutic targeting in LUSC.

Ma W, Kuang J, Hu X et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Organoids as next-generation models for investigating intracranial tumours.

This article reviewed how tumor organoids serve as next-generation models for intracranial tumors by preserving patient-specific genetic alterations, cellular diversity, spatial architecture, and microenvironmental features. It emphasized that organoid approaches—including patient-derived organoids, genetically engineered models, co-culture systems, and bioprinted platforms—improve translational relevance across gliomas, meningiomas, medulloblastomas, pituitary tumors, and craniopharyngiomas. The review highlights organoids as a scientific platform for studying tumor biology and potentially accelerating personalized therapeutic testing.

Roy S, Zahin F, Nkrumah-Boateng PA et al. · Molecular brain · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pan-cancer single-cell atlases of mouse and human tumor-associated dendritic cells.

The study generated pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlases of tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) using 14 mouse tumor models and 10 human cancer types to map DC subsets and states. It found that TADCs acquire an inflammatory profile with tumor progression and that tumor-mediated reprogramming occurs within DCs in tumor-bearing lymph nodes, with broad conservation of TADC states between mice and humans. This provides a cross-species cellular resource and mechanistic framework for targeting tumor-evoked dendritic cell dysfunction in cancer immunotherapy.

Caro AA, Kancheva D, Hadadi E et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-base resolution atlas reveals moderate conservation and regulatory diversity of m6A modifications across mammals.

This study generated a single-base-resolution m6A epitranscriptomic atlas across liver, kidney, and brain tissues from 21 non-model mammals using Nanopore direct RNA sequencing. It found that 25.54–35.70% of orthologous transcripts contain m6A modifications and that m6A-modified sites are more conserved than nearby unmodified regions, consistent with purifying selection, with enrichment in RNA loops over stems. The atlas provides cross-mammal evolutionary and regulatory constraints for m6A, supporting more accurate models of how m6A contributes to gene regulation.

Zhang X, Zhang Z, Liu W et al. · Nucleic acids research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Biomarkers & risk prediction (imaging, blood, multi-omics, screening)

CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing superfamily 8 (CMTM8) promotes Notch signalling to maintain CD8+ T cell- and NK cell-dependent tumour immune escape.

This study investigated how CMTM8 (CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing superfamily 8) regulates tumour immune escape in melanoma and colorectal cancer models using lentiviral CMTM8 functional editing in xenograft mice, with AAV-based shRNA for CMTM8 targeting. High CMTM8 expression was associated with antitumour immune evasion, and CMTM8 promoted Notch signalling to maintain CD8+ T cell- and NK cell-dependent tumour immune escape. These findings identify CMTM8–Notch pathway control as a potential therapeutic target to enhance CD8+ T cell and NK cell antitumour activity in solid tumours.

Li F, Gu L, Chen R et al. · British journal of pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Quantifying Weight Loss Prior to Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis studied quantitative pre-diagnosis weight loss in individuals who later developed pancreatic cancer, synthesizing data across multiple databases using PROSPERO-registered methods. The analysis pooled estimates of weight loss (kg) and BMI change (kg/m2) prior to diagnosis to better quantify diagnostic utility of weight loss. Clinically, more precise quantification of pre-diagnostic weight loss could improve risk stratification and earlier detection strategies for pancreatic cancer.

Price CA, Cooke D, Mold F et al. · Cancer medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The role of the 21-gene assay in the neoadjuvant setting for hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: Impact on systemic and surgical treatment decisions.

This review studied the role of the 21-gene assay (Oncotype DX) in the neoadjuvant setting for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer and how assay results influence systemic and surgical treatment decisions. It synthesized evidence on how genomic risk stratification can guide decisions about downstaging goals, eligibility for breast-conserving surgery, and avoidance of axillary lymph node dissection. The clinical significance is that the 21-gene assay may support more individualized neoadjuvant de-escalation or escalation to optimize surgery and treatment intensity.

Zotano ÁG, Allweis TM, Foerster R et al. · Cancer treatment reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Impact of Population-Based Pathogenic Variant Testing on Risk-Based Breast Screening Recommendations: A Secondary Analysis of the WISDOM Study.

This secondary analysis of the WISDOM Study evaluated how population-based pathogenic variant (PV) testing would change risk-based breast cancer screening recommendations among participants in a national clinical trial. PV carriers who would otherwise be stratified by clinical risk or clinical plus polygenic risk were frequently reclassified into high-risk screening recommendations attributable to PV status. The findings support incorporating PV testing into population risk stratification to improve the precision of breast screening eligibility beyond clinical and polygenic factors.

Shieh Y, Heise RS, Madlensky L et al. · JAMA oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Liver Aging Index: A Noninvasive Score for Liver Biological Aging and Liver-Related Outcomes in Multicohorts.

This multicohort study developed and validated the Liver Aging Index (LAI) as a noninvasive measure of liver biological aging using data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (n=21,629). LAI was constructed with clinical factors (BMI, systolic/diastolic blood pressure), plasma biomarkers (including liver enzymes and lipid measures), and imaging biomarkers (fat attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement) and was associated with liver-related outcomes using Cox-Gompertz proportional hazards modeling. LAI provides a scalable, noninvasive tool to quantify liver biological aging and potentially identify individuals at higher risk for liver disease and mortality.

Wu Z, Wu S, Song S et al. · Aging cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

StackAge: an ensemble-based clock for precise quantification of biological age using multi-omics data.

This study introduced StackAge, an ensemble-based biological age clock trained on multi-omics data from 30,376 participants in the UK Biobank. StackAge achieved strong chronological age prediction (Pearson r≈0.93) and improved risk prediction for 12 chronic diseases, with reported AUCs >0.90 for type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and chronic kidney disease. The work provides a more accurate multi-omics aging metric that could enable earlier and better risk stratification for multiple chronic conditions.

Jiang Y, Jia L, Fei Y et al. · Briefings in bioinformatics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Low-Dose Tamoxifen in Noninvasive Breast Neoplasia: Long-Term Results From an Individual-Participant Data Pooled Analysis.

This individual-participant data pooled analysis assessed long-term outcomes of low-dose tamoxifen in women with estrogen receptor-positive or unknown ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), microinvasive carcinoma, or high-risk breast lesions. Participants received low-dose tamoxifen (5 mg daily or 10 mg every other day for 2–5 years) versus control, and the key finding was the durability of breast cancer-free interval benefit over long follow-up. The study supports lower-dose tamoxifen as a potentially less toxic chemoprevention strategy for noninvasive breast neoplasia.

Gandini S, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Serrano D et al. · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Life’s Essential 8 and the incidence and progression trajectory of chronic lung diseases: A multistate analysis of a prospective cohort study.

This multistate analysis studied whether Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) and its individual components predict the incidence and progression trajectory of chronic lung diseases in 391,384 UK Biobank participants without chronic lung disease at baseline. It found that higher LE8 scores were associated with lower risk of developing first chronic lung disease and with different progression patterns toward chronic lung multimorbidity and mortality across disease states. The significance is that LE8 can be used as a population-level risk stratification tool to anticipate chronic lung disease trajectories and potentially guide prevention.

Zou Y, Zhang L, Li Y et al. · Chinese medical journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Age-stratified associations of glycemia, blood pressure, and cholesterol with mortality in diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

This prospective cohort study examined age-stratified associations of glycemia (HbA1c), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure), and cholesterol (LDL) with mortality in 43,732 Chinese adults with diabetes from the 4C Study. Using Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risk models, the authors reported that the strength and pattern of associations between these “ABCs” and mortality differed by age group. The findings support tailoring diabetes risk-factor targets by patient age to better reduce mortality.

Zhu Y, Lin L, Zhang J et al. · BMC medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cancer Diagnostic Delay Rates Associated With a Population-Based Screening Trial Evaluating a Cell-Free DNA Multicancer Early Detection Test.

This cross-sectional study evaluated whether regional participation in the NHS-Galleri population-based screening trial for a cell-free DNA multicancer early detection (MCED) test was associated with changes in cancer diagnostic delay rates across 21 cancer alliance regions in England. The key finding was that trial participation correlated with measurable differences in diagnostic delay rates, indicating potential “spillover” effects on access to limited healthcare services. Scientifically and clinically, it underscores the need to account for real-world care-delivery impacts when implementing population screening programs.

Mann S, Nascimento de Lima P, Eagan J et al. · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Association of baseline and cumulative CHG index with risk of new-onset sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.

This study examined whether baseline and cumulative CHG index—a metabolic biomarker derived from total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose—predicts new-onset sarcopenia in adults aged ≥50 years in the CHARLS cohort (follow-up 2015–2016). Higher baseline and cumulative CHG index were associated with increased risk of developing sarcopenia, using multivariable Cox and logistic regression and the 2025 AWGS consensus for diagnosis. These findings suggest CHG index could be a practical, blood-based risk stratifier for sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.

Chen Y, Gao L, Gao J et al. · The journal of nutrition, health & aging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Predicting Depression Risk in Physically Inactive Older Adults Using Dietary Antioxidants and Machine Learning: A SHAP-Interpretable Analysis of NHANES.

This study used NHANES data to predict depression risk in physically inactive adults aged 60+ by relating dietary antioxidant intake profiles to depression outcomes using machine learning with SHAP interpretability. The key finding was that specific dietary antioxidant intake features (from 44 antioxidants and composite indices) could stratify depression risk in this high-risk older population. If validated, this approach could enable interpretable, diet-informed risk screening to guide preventive interventions for depression in physically inactive older adults.

ShangGuan Y, Wu K, Li D et al. · CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Drug discovery & structural/AI methods (virtual screening, robotics, structural biology)

AI-Driven discovery of brain-penetrant mTOR-independent autophagy enhancers for Alzheimer’s disease.

This preclinical study used an AI-driven platform (DeepDrugDiscovery) to discover brain-penetrant, mTOR-independent autophagy enhancers for Alzheimer’s disease. The key finding is that the mechanism-centric AI approach identified candidate compounds designed to enhance autophagy without relying on the mTOR-dependent pathway and with improved blood-brain barrier penetration. This supports a drug-discovery strategy for generating more CNS-viable autophagy modulators for Alzheimer’s disease.

Dong Y, Xiao X, Zhuang XX et al. · Autophagy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Structure-based screening and a conformational biosensor identify a GPR183 inverse agonist and an activation switch.

This study used AI-driven structure-based virtual screening and biophysical assays to identify small-molecule modulators of the immune-migration GPCR GPR183, including an inverse agonist and an activation switch. It found compound 78 as a potent inhibitor of constitutive and agonist-induced Gi signaling and β-arrestin2 recruitment, with binding confirmed by a conformational biosensor, molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis. This is significant because it provides validated chemical tools and mechanistic insights (including the role of Y2606.51) for modulating GPR183-driven immune cell migration.

Andersson L, Roggia M, Wangriatisak K et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

CryoWriter: a robotic solution for improved Cryo-EM grid preparation.

The study evaluated CryoWriter, a blotting-free robotic microfluidic system for cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) grid preparation. Using capillary-writing to deposit nanoliter volumes in controlled patterns, it produced high-quality grids from minimal sample amounts and enabled near-atomic reconstructions for test specimens including TMV, apoferritin, and the membrane protein TRPM4. This demonstrates that automated grid preparation can reduce a major cryo-EM bottleneck and improve throughput and reproducibility for structural biology.

Kv C, Ekundayo B, Di Fabrizio M et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

AI-Designed Cyclic Peptides Enable Controllable Modulation of the CD28 Immune Checkpoint.

This study reported an AI-guided discovery of cyclic peptide antagonists targeting the extracellular protein-protein interaction interface of the CD28 immune checkpoint. The lead peptide, CIP-3, bound CD28 with nanomolar affinity and disrupted CD28-ligand interactions, enabling controllable modulation of CD28 signaling. This provides a more pharmacologically controllable alternative to conventional checkpoint biologics and could support tunable immunotherapy strategies.

Kuncewicz K, Upadhyay S, Zhu R et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Metabolic-epigenetic mechanisms & nutrient/mitochondrial pathways in disease

Peroxisomal DBP deficiency causes male infertility through disruption of lipid homeostasis in Drosophila.

This study examined whether peroxisomal D-bifunctional protein (DBP), encoded by HSD17B4, deficiency causes male infertility by disrupting lipid homeostasis using a Drosophila DBP-deficiency model combined with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). DBP deficiency impaired lipid metabolic regulation and altered cellular states in the reproductive context, leading to male infertility phenotypes. Scientifically, it provides a mechanistic link between peroxisomal β-oxidation failure and infertility, supporting HSD17B4-related disease mechanisms.

Wang J, Ma Y, Wang Y et al. · Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

ACOD1 deficiency promotes DDX1 methylation-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and dermal papilla cell senescence in androgenetic alopecia.

This study investigated androgenetic alopecia (AGA) mechanisms by testing ACOD1 deficiency in human dermal papilla cells (DPCs), DHT-induced AGA mouse models, and DHT-stimulated immortalized DPCs, focusing on DDX1 methylation and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to DPC senescence. The authors found that ACOD1 deficiency promoted DDX1 methylation-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and increased DPC senescence markers (including p16INK4a, p21, p53) with senescence-associated β-galactosidase positivity. Scientifically, this links ACOD1 to an epigenetic (DDX1 methylation) and mitochondrial pathway driving DPC senescence, suggesting potential molecular targets for AGA therapy.

Zhao M, Wu Q, Ding Y et al. · BMC medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ALKBH5 aggravates scarring after glaucoma surgery via m6A-YTHDF2-mediated NLRP3 mRNA stabilization.

This study examined whether the RNA demethylase ALKBH5 worsens postoperative scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) via an m6A–YTHDF2 mechanism that stabilizes NLRP3 mRNA. It found increased ALKBH5 in human and rabbit models and linked ALKBH5-driven m6A signaling to YTHDF2-mediated stabilization of NLRP3 transcripts, contributing to fibrotic remodeling and reduced bleb height. The findings are significant because they identify an epitranscriptomic pathway (ALKBH5–m6A–YTHDF2–NLRP3) as a potential therapeutic target to improve GFS outcomes.

Yu T, Yang F, Yang J et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Arginine deprivation enhances ASS1-negative glioblastoma radiosensitivity via epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes.

This study investigated whether arginine deprivation enhances radiosensitivity in ASS1-negative glioblastoma by epigenetically silencing DNA repair genes. It integrated Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) data with RNA sequencing from 23 clinical samples to identify transcriptional changes consistent with reduced DNA repair capacity under arginine-deprivation conditions. The work is significant because it suggests a metabolic-epigenetic strategy to potentiate standard radiotherapy in a clinically defined GBM subgroup (ASS1-negative tumors).

Wu N, Xu Z, Perryman R et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

USP33 alleviates FIS1-dependent mitochondrial fission and cardiac microvascular injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy via deubiquitinating and stabilizing ATG7.

The study investigated how the deubiquitinase USP33 regulates FIS1-dependent mitochondrial fission and endothelial injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy, focusing on FIS1/Drp1 mitochondrial dynamics and ATG7 stabilization. USP33 was found to alleviate FIS1-dependent mitochondrial fission and cardiac microvascular injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy by deubiquitinating and stabilizing ATG7. These findings identify a USP33–ATG7 axis as a mechanistic therapeutic target to reduce mitochondrial fission–driven microvascular dysfunction in diabetic heart disease.

Chen Y, Sun X, Li X et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

COXFA4L2 upregulation preserves residual cytochrome c oxidase activity in COXFA4-related Leigh-like encephalopathy.

The study investigated COXFA4-related Leigh-like encephalopathy by analyzing how COXFA4L2 upregulation affects cytochrome c oxidase (COX/complex IV) activity in patients with biallelic COXFA4 pathogenic variants. It reported that COXFA4L2 upregulation preserves residual COX activity in this genetic cohort. This suggests a compensatory COXFA4L2 mechanism that could be leveraged to improve mitochondrial function in COXFA4-related primary mitochondrial disease.

Falabella M, Lopez Calcerrada S, Aref J et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

FGF21 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by driving competitive cell-cell interactions.

This study investigated how fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) influences early hepatocellular carcinoma development using a murine liver cell competition model combined with single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling. FGF21 secreted by oncogenic hepatocytes drove directional migration of adjacent normal hepatocytes, resulting in mechanical elimination of oncogenic cells, with mechanism involving NOS3-mediated S-nitrosylation of ASK1. These results identify an FGF21–NOS3–ASK1 axis as a tumor-suppressive cell-competition pathway that could be leveraged for early HCC prevention or therapy.

Ogawa M, Fujisawa T, Takenaka S et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Locus-specific LINE-1 mRNA expression reflects cell-type- and stimulus-specific senescence states.

This study developed an automated bioinformatics pipeline to quantify locus-specific LINE-1 (L1) mRNA expression in ex vivo and in vitro human cell models under senescence-inducing stimuli. The key finding was that L1 expression does not universally increase during senescence, and when it does, the magnitude and direction are stimulus- and cell-type-dependent, indicating heterogeneous senescence states. These results refine how endogenous L1 transcription is measured and interpreted in senescence biology and may inform future studies linking L1-driven DNA damage/inflammation to specific senescence programs.

Tran MN, Liu S, Baddoo M et al. · Nucleic acids research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Neurodegeneration & neuroinflammation (including ALS/PD/AD biomarkers)

Restoration of circadian rhythm as novel targets against sarcopenia.

This narrative review studied the role of disrupted circadian rhythms and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation (SCLGI) in the development of sarcopenia and proposed circadian restoration as a therapeutic target. It reports that circadian disruption can impair protein remodeling, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial function, and that these pathways may be modifiable to influence sarcopenia progression. The scientific significance is that it identifies circadian rhythm restoration as a potential mechanism-based strategy in a condition that currently lacks FDA-approved disease-modifying drugs.

Wang T, Hong Z · Chinese medical journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

White matter 18F-florbetapir retention predicts cognitive decline and treatment response in Alzheimer’s disease.

This study analyzed normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) ¹⁸F-florbetapir PET retention across the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum in 672 participants from the ADNI cohort and two Chinese cohorts, including evaluation of lecanemab treatment effects. NAWM ¹⁸F-florbetapir retention was found to predict cognitive decline and treatment response trajectories. Clinically, NAWM ¹⁸F-florbetapir PET may provide a practical biomarker for forecasting disease progression and selecting patients likely to benefit from lecanemab.

Lin H, Zhang Y, Ni R et al. · Alzheimer’s research & therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neuroinflammatory-related biomarkers and psychiatric symptom changes in substance use disorder: a South African cohort study.

This South African cohort study enrolled 100 individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) to test whether neuroinflammatory-related biomarkers are associated with changes in psychiatric symptoms over time. The key finding was that specific neuroinflammatory biomarkers correlated with psychiatric symptom changes in SUD. These results strengthen the evidence that neuroinflammation contributes to SUD psychopathology and may help identify biomarker targets for monitoring or stratifying patients.

Dos Santos A, Brink CB, Jansen van Vuren E · BMC psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The vicious cycle: unraveling the interplay between α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease.

This review studied how α-synuclein pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation interact to drive Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the context of genetic and environmental risk factors. It found these processes form a core “vicious cycle” rather than independent events, with each component amplifying the others. This mechanistic integration is significant because it supports targeting the α-synuclein–mitochondria–inflammation axis to develop more effective PD therapies.

Liang YL, Yang FG, Tang Q · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Fluid-based biomarkers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent advances and future prospects.

This review evaluated fluid-based biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in multiple biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, saliva, and tears, with emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic utility. It highlights that neurofilaments (NfL and phosphorylated NfH) are well-established markers of neuroaxonal injury and are increasingly used as prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in ALS clinical trials, but their disease specificity remains limited. The work supports ongoing efforts to improve biomarker specificity and clinical translation for earlier diagnosis and better trial enrichment in ALS.

Jiang Y, Hu S, Yang B et al. · Brain research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Astrocyte-microglia crosstalk via CSF1 and IFN-β promotes central nervous system repair.

This study examined astrocyte–microglia signaling after focal spinal cord injury (SCI), focusing on CSF1 and interferon-β (IFN-β) in CNS repair. Injury-reactive astrocytes upregulated CSF1 to drive microglial proliferation, wound closure, and motor recovery, and astrocyte-targeted CSF1 deletion reduced both border-forming astrocytes and microglial responses, indicating positive feedback. It also showed that microglia produce IFN-β to further coordinate repair, highlighting CSF1/IFN-β crosstalk as a therapeutic target for SCI recovery.

Cao T, Hemati-Gourabi M, Liu Y et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Neuroscience circuits & addiction/behavior

Endurance exercise relieves methamphetamine craving behaviors via hepatic synthesis of N-Acetylneuraminic acid.

This study examined whether 48 weeks of aerobic endurance exercise reduces methamphetamine (METH) craving behaviors in METH addicts and in rodent models, focusing on serum metabolite changes. It found exercise suppressed craving and increased circulating N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), with rodent experiments reproducing both behavioral improvement and elevated Neu5Ac. These findings are significant because they implicate hepatic Neu5Ac synthesis as a potential mechanistic mediator of exercise-based relapse prevention in METH addiction.

Li X, Xu J, Wei C et al. · Molecular psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeting Mu opioid receptor neurons of the habenula to limit naloxone aversion.

The study investigated whether mu opioid receptor (MOR) neurons in the habenula (Hb-MOR) encode naloxone aversion in opioid-naïve and opioid-dependent mice. It combined behavioral naloxone aversion models with in vivo fiber photometry to monitor Hb-MOR activity and tested causality using chemogenetic silencing of Hb-MOR neurons, then targeted these neurons to reduce aversion. This is significant for opioid use disorder treatment because it identifies a specific neural circuit that could be modulated to lessen negative affect associated with naloxone reversal.

Ozdemir D, Ebner C, Meyer J et al. · Biological psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Infectious disease & parasite biology (malaria, vaccines)

Remodelling of cystic fibrosis respiratory microbiota in response to extended elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor therapy.

This study examined how extended elexacaftor–tezacaftor–ivacaftor (ETI) therapy remodels cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory microbiota and pathogens in people with CF. It found that ETI is associated with measurable shifts in the respiratory microbial community over time, consistent with changes in the CF airway environment after CFTR modulator therapy. The clinical significance is that microbiome remodeling may contribute to ETI’s long-term effects on infection and inflammation, informing future monitoring and adjunct strategies in CF.

Gavillet H, Hatfield LR, Hardman M et al. · Microbiome · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Identification of efficient multi-epitope combinations against African swine fever virus based on AP205 scaffold-mediated nanodisplay technology.

This study designed African swine fever virus (ASFV) multi-epitope nanoparticles using an AP205 capsid protein scaffold (AP205 scaffold-mediated nanodisplay), fusing the AP205 scaffold gene with ASFV multi-epitope genes and expressing the recombinant proteins for in vitro assembly and immune testing in BALB/c mice. The dimeric AP205 scaffold increased nanoparticle assembly efficiency and the resulting constructs (including DB, 22C, and DE epitope fusions) elicited immune responses against ASFV epitopes. The work supports AP205-based multi-epitope nanodisplay as a promising vaccine platform to address ASFV’s large genome and antigenic diversity.

Lu H, Shao J, Liu W et al. · Journal of nanobiotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Two Plasmodium vivax hypnozoite-expressed RNA-binding proteins inhibit liver stage replication.

The study examined two Plasmodium vivax hypnozoite-expressed RNA-binding proteins and tested their ability to suppress liver-stage replication. Ectopic expression of each protein in Plasmodium yoelii liver stages blocked schizogony, keeping parasites small and uninucleate. This supports a model in which hypnozoite RNA-binding proteins actively inhibit liver-stage development, informing strategies to prevent malaria relapses.

Vo KC, van Biljon R, Zanghi G et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The spatial proteome of the Plasmodium falciparum schizont illuminates the composition and evolutionary trajectories of its organelles.

The study mapped the spatial proteome of the Plasmodium falciparum schizont to determine protein subcellular localization and infer organelle composition and evolutionary trajectories. Using high-resolution proteomic approaches to generate comprehensive subcellular protein maps, it illuminated where previously unlocalized proteins reside and how organelles are organized and evolve during schizogony. This advances malaria parasite cell biology by turning proteome-wide localization into testable hypotheses about organelle function and evolution.

Chisholm SA, Flores V, Kemp A et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Fragmented rRNAs and lineage-specific RNA-binding proteins define myzozoan mitoribosomes.

The study investigated how myzozoan mitoribosomes are organized in organisms with highly reduced mitochondrial genomes, focusing on fragmented rRNAs and lineage-specific RNA-binding proteins in Apicomplexa such as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp. It found that despite extreme rRNA fragmentation, mitoribosomes incorporate lineage-specific RNA-binding proteins as integral components to maintain a functional complex composed of many rRNA fragments. This is significant because it defines a conserved evolutionary strategy for mitoribosome function in reduced mitochondrial systems and identifies specific protein–RNA features that could be exploited for parasite biology.

Wang C, Kassem S, Suo X et al. · Trends in parasitology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Autoimmunity & inflammatory disease (including MS, SSc, systemic autoimmunity)

The Association Between MOG-IgG Positivity and mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Denmark: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study.

This self-controlled case series study investigated whether mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with MOG-IgG positivity (used as a proxy for MOG antibody-associated disease, MOGAD) in Denmark. Among Danish residents with a first positive MOG-IgG test between 1 Nov 2020 and 31 Dec 2023, the analysis estimated the relative incidence of vaccination periods compared with non-vaccinated periods. The findings are significant for vaccine safety surveillance in relation to MOGAD risk signals.

Kopp TI, Andreasen AK, Papp V et al. · Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Disease-modifying treatment preferences and decision-making in a multiple sclerosis randomized and observational clinical trial (DELIVER-MS).

This DELIVER-MS study examined disease-modifying therapy (DMT) decision-making by comparing early high-efficacy treatment (EHT) versus escalation (ESC) approaches in treatment-naïve people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The study used a pragmatic randomized controlled trial with a parallel observational arm and applied stepwise multivariable logistic regression to model participation in the RCT versus observational study and choice of EHT versus ESC. The findings clarify how patients and clinicians make DMT decisions in real-world settings, informing implementation of high-efficacy strategies.

Tallantyre EC, Planchon SM, Howard H et al. · Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce lesion progression in a rat model of endometriosis.

This experiment studied whether human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) reduce lesion progression in a surgically induced rat model of endometriosis. It found that single-dose and double-dose DP-MSC administration (2×10^6 cells intraperitoneally on specified days) reduced endometriosis lesion progression compared with untreated controls. The results are significant because they support DP-MSCs as a potential cell-based therapeutic approach to limit endometriosis-associated inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis.

Hortu I, Kandemir Demirci G, Şimşek B et al. · Scientific reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Novel HLA class I and II insights into the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.

The study performed an MHC-wide genetic association analysis to clarify the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) using a large European-ancestry cohort. In 2412 SSc-ILD+ patients, 3550 SSc-ILD− patients, and 15,076 controls, it used imputation of the MHC region and inverse variance weighted meta-analysis with conditional stepwise analyses to identify associated signals. The significance is improved understanding of HLA/MHC contributions to SSc-ILD risk, potentially enabling better genetic stratification and mechanistic insight into immune drivers of lung involvement.

Rosa-Baez C, Rangel-Peláez C, Rodriguez-Martin I et al. · Annals of the rheumatic diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling reveals conserved molecular subtypes across systemic autoimmune diseases.

The study integrated bulk RNA sequencing and epigenomic profiling to define conserved molecular subtypes across systemic autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Using 262 treatment-naïve Chinese Han patients (discovery and validation cohorts) it identified transcriptional and epigenetic subtype structure shared across diseases. This is significant because it provides a cross-disease molecular taxonomy that may guide more targeted biomarker development and therapeutic stratification in systemic autoimmunity.

Fan Y, Su M, Yu L et al. · Annals of the rheumatic diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prevalence and outcomes of co-occurring psychiatric and endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional disorders: An atlas based on umbrella review of 254,154,533 records.

This umbrella review synthesized evidence on the prevalence and outcomes of comorbid psychiatric disorders with endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional disorders using meta-analyses of observational studies across 254,154,533 records. The key finding was that psychiatric and endocrine/metabolic/nutritional disorders frequently co-occur, with pooled prevalence and association estimates recalculated and graded using AMSTAR-2 quality assessment (specific pooled numbers are truncated in the abstract). The atlas-like synthesis helps clinicians anticipate comorbidity burden and informs more integrated diagnostic and prognostic strategies in psychiatric care.

Fornaro M, Di Lorenzo C, Steardo L et al. · European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Enhancing the specificity of microglia genetic targeting using a CSF1R inhibitor.

This study evaluated strategies to improve microglia-specific genetic targeting by testing Cx3cr1CreERT2 mice and combining tamoxifen induction with the CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622. The authors found that Cx3cr1CreERT2 also targets multiple long-lived peripheral macrophage populations under standard 4-week specificity windows, and that adding PLX5622 accelerates peripheral turnover to enhance microglia selectivity. Scientifically, this provides a more specific approach for microglial gene manipulation, reducing confounding from peripheral macrophage recombination.

Babcock IW, Labuzan SA, Kelly AG et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Biologics and small molecules for perianal Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated biologics and small molecules for perianal Crohn’s disease (pCD) by pooling results from randomized placebo-controlled trials through October 2, 2025. Across 14 eligible studies (with only 4 trials specifically designed for pCD), the analysis estimated pooled relative risks for fistula response and fistula remission during induction and maintenance phases. The findings clarify which advanced therapies have evidence-based efficacy for pCD and highlight gaps where more pCD-specific RCTs are needed.

Yuan Y, Jairath V, Hanzel J et al. · Inflammatory bowel diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cardiovascular disease & vascular biology (including CVD risk, TAVR, amyloid)

KAP1 SUMOylates and stabilizes SR-A to facilitate glycated LDL transcytosis and accelerate atherosclerosis.

This study investigated how the SUMO E3 ligase KAP1 SUMOylates and stabilizes scavenger receptor A (SR-A) to facilitate glycated LDL (G-LDL) transcytosis and accelerate atherosclerosis. The authors reported that KAP1-mediated SUMOylation stabilized SR-A, thereby enhancing SR-A-dependent G-LDL transcytosis in endothelial cells and promoting atherosclerotic progression. Mechanistically, this identifies the KAP1–SR-A axis as a potential therapeutic target to reduce G-LDL-driven endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.

Shu M, Cheng W, Yu F et al. · Cellular & molecular biology letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Proxied therapeutic inhibition on sclerostin and atrial fibrillation risk.

This study evaluated whether sustained sclerostin (SOST) inhibition—modeled using instrumental genetic variants—affects cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, using UK Biobank individual-level genomic data and GWAS summary statistics. It found that genetically proxied SOST inhibition was associated with altered CVD risk estimates (direction and magnitude reported in the full text). This is significant because it helps reconcile conflicting randomized trial results by clarifying cardiovascular implications of SOST-targeted osteoporosis therapies.

Qian Y, Guan PL, Hu J et al. · Communications medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Menopause and vascular endothelial health: Is it all about the oestrogen?

This review examined how menopause-associated changes in sex hormones—beyond oestradiol decline—relate to vascular endothelial health and cardiovascular disease risk during the menopause transition. It highlighted evidence that progesterone declines and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) rise, alongside oestradiol changes, may influence endothelial function. The significance is that it reframes menopause-related vascular risk as potentially multi-hormonal, informing future mechanistic studies and hormone-targeted risk mitigation strategies.

Nuckols VR, Schwab AI, DuBose LE et al. · Experimental physiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Baseline characteristics of patients with transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy in the CARDIO-TTRansform trial of eplontersen.

This report analyzed baseline characteristics of 1432 participants with transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) enrolled in the CARDIO-TTRansform trial receiving eplontersen (antisense oligonucleotide targeting TTR mRNA) or placebo. The cohort was predominantly older (mean age 76.4 years) and largely White, with 14.7% having hereditary ATTR-CM, and baseline features were compared across prior ATTR-CM trials. Establishing these baseline demographics and disease characteristics is important for interpreting eplontersen’s efficacy and safety in ATTR-CM.

Fontana M, Ambardekar AV, Cappelli F et al. · European journal of heart failure · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

7-Year Outcomes of Balloon-Expandable Versus Self-Expanding Valves in Women Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

This study compared 7-year outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in women using balloon-expandable valves (BEVs) versus self-expanding valves (SEVs), motivated by the higher likelihood of small aortic annulus in women. In a large cohort (1,827 BEV vs 805 SEV), the authors evaluated long-term clinical endpoints over 7 years to determine whether valve type affects durability and outcomes in this subgroup. The results inform device selection for female patients with aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR, where annulus size may influence post-procedure cardiac performance.

Iwata J, Yamamoto M, Kamata K et al. · JACC. Asia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Kidney & renal outcomes (AKI, CKD, dialysis-related therapies)

Pharmacokinetic Model Based Sensitivity Analysis to Lower Recruitment Burden for Young Children Requiring Intravenous Immunoglobulin G Replacement.

This pharmacometric study used a pharmacokinetic (PK) model-based sensitivity analysis to reduce recruitment burden for children aged 2–16 years requiring intravenous immunoglobulin G replacement, focusing on Immune Globulin Intravenous 10% Liquid (IVIG; BIVIGAM) in primary immune deficiency (PID). The models characterized total IgG PK, quantified effects of age and body weight, and compared simulated exposure between pediatric and adult subjects to support post-marketing PK requirements. Scientifically and operationally, it enables more efficient pediatric study design by leveraging model-informed drug development to overcome enrollment barriers in young children.

Dumas T, Mehr S, Avila R et al. · CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effect of restrictive fluid balance in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a target trial emulation.

This target trial emulation studied the effect of restrictive fluid management on renal function and mortality in critically ill adults with acute kidney injury (AKI) at high risk of positive fluid balance in 12 ICU sites in Queensland, Australia (2015–2021). It found that a conservative strategy—restricted crystalloid and nutritional fluid intake plus diuretic use for 72 hours—was associated with improved renal outcomes and/or mortality compared with less restrictive fluid management (estimated per-protocol effects using a sequential doubly robust estimator). The significance is that it strengthens evidence for fluid stewardship in AKI patients in critical care, where optimal fluid balance remains uncertain.

White KC, Neto AS, Laupland KB et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Defining the Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes With or Without Overweight/Obesity: An International Delphi Consensus.

This international Delphi consensus study aimed to define how to position and sequence SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for adults with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes with or without overweight/obesity. Across two Delphi rounds with 114 participants from 10 countries, experts reached consensus on the foundational versus adjunctive roles of SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs in this population. The resulting guidance supports standardized clinical decision-making for CKD management in T2D patients.

Handelsman Y, Cheng AYY, Fadini GP et al. · Advances in therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Rehabilitation, exercise, and lifestyle interventions (including obesity/metabolic exercise)

12‑weeks fisetin supplementation and interval resistance with aerobic training: changes in Maresin‑1 and inflammatory markers in men with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

This randomized controlled trial studied whether 12 weeks of fisetin supplementation (200 mg/day) combined with interval resistance-aerobic training changes Maresin-1 (MaR1) and inflammatory markers and improves insulin resistance in 44 obese men (BMI > 30 kg/m²). The key finding was that fisetin supplementation altered MaR1 and inflammatory marker responses alongside training, with effects relevant to metabolic and inflammatory improvement. This is significant because it provides human interventional evidence linking a specialized pro-resolving mediator pathway (MaR1) to obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance.

Alipour M, Saeidi A, Hejazi K et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structured exercise program following adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer: A cost-utility analysis of the CHALLENGE trial.

This pre-specified cost-utility analysis of the phase III CHALLENGE trial evaluated a 3-year structured exercise program (SEP) versus health education materials (HEM) after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III or high-risk stage II colon cancer. Using prospectively collected trial data (n=889) from a Canadian public payer perspective over a 5-year horizon, the key finding was the incremental cost-effectiveness of SEP mapped from SF-36 to SF-6D utilities. The analysis provides economic evidence to support whether SEP should be adopted alongside standard care for colon cancer survivors.

Chan KK, Chu RW, Cheung MC et al. · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Mechanical stretch loading of BMSCs-PLCL composite scaffolds accelerate diabetic wound healing by protecting endothelial cells and promoting angiogenesis.

This preclinical study investigated whether cyclic mechanical stretch applied to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell–loaded poly(L-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) (BMSCs-PLCL) nanofiber scaffolds improves diabetic wound healing in diabetic rat full-thickness skin defect models. It found that mechanically stretched BMSCs-PLCL (MS-BMSCs-PLCL) protected endothelial cells and enhanced angiogenesis, leading to accelerated wound repair. The scientific significance is that it supports a mechanobiology-based scaffold strategy to overcome hyperglycemia-suppressed BMSC paracrine function and improve vascular regeneration in diabetic wounds.

Liu Z, Zhao C, Zhou H et al. · Stem cell research & therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Discomfort of noninvasive ventilation, high flow nasal cannula oxygen, and conventional oxygen implemented after extubation in non-COPD patients.

This randomized/controlled clinical study evaluated post-extubation discomfort in non-COPD patients receiving noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), or conventional oxygen therapy for 48 hours. Using a 10-cm visual analog scale to measure discomfort of the interface and the respiratory support, it found differences in patient-reported discomfort across the three oxygen/ventilatory strategies. The clinical significance is that it informs patient-centered selection of post-extubation respiratory support modalities by quantifying discomfort in non-COPD populations.

Rouby JJ, Quenot JP, Zhang M et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in pediatric H3K27M-mutant diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: a study based on single-center and SEER data.

This retrospective study assessed the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in pediatric H3K27M-mutant diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) using a single-center cohort and the SEER database. It found survival outcomes differed by treatment strategy, with the full analysis comparing RT alone, concurrent/adjuvant temozolomide (Stupp regimen), and RT followed by sequential temozolomide, as well as RT alone versus CRT in SEER. This is significant because it informs whether adding temozolomide to radiotherapy improves overall survival in a uniformly poor-prognosis molecular subtype.

Wang D, Liu X, Wang J et al. · Journal of neuro-oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized controlled trial.

This randomized controlled trial studied whether 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation improves oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The key finding was that adding melatonin to self-paced training produced beneficial biological adaptations and body-composition changes compared with the control condition (details truncated in the abstract). Clinically, the results suggest a potentially practical adjunct strategy to enhance exercise-mediated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in PwMS.

Jallouli S, Jallouli D, Kallel C et al. · Brain research bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-World Effectiveness of Tirzepatide in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study.

This multicenter retrospective observational study assessed real-world effectiveness of tirzepatide in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated for at least 24 weeks. Tirzepatide improved glycemic and metabolic outcomes compared with baseline (with effectiveness evaluated using changes in clinical measures reported in the study). These findings extend evidence for tirzepatide’s benefits to routine Japanese practice, supporting its use for T2DM management outside randomized trials.

Takahashi N, Ohara M, Yokoyama H et al. · Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Return to Sport After Surgical Treatment of Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated return-to-sport (RTS) outcomes after surgical treatment of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions specifically in baseball players. It compared RTS rates across operative strategies and also assessed elbow range of motion and Timmerman-Andrews score improvements between procedures. The findings aim to guide evidence-based selection of surgical techniques to maximize RTS and functional recovery in youth baseball athletes with capitellar OCD.

Paul RW, Anton B, Casalino G et al. · The American journal of sports medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Generated automatically on June 01, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.