PubMed Trending Research Digest — July 10, 2026

Automated digest · 100 articles · 15 research areas · July 10, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s set, a dominant theme is precision—both in selecting therapies and in understanding why patients respond. Multiple oncology papers connect treatment outcomes to mechanistic biomarkers: immune-evasion pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma (UXS1–KMT2D), immune microenvironment features that predict response to radiation plus PD-1 blockade in renal cell carcinoma (RAPPORT), and spatial/immune axes that shape immunotherapy sensitivity or resistance (e.g., GABA–B cell signaling in TLS-positive tumors). Complementing these, several studies advance precision oncology tools—image-based prognostic signatures in prostate cancer (CHAI), molecular/biomarker stratification for advanced gastric cancer, and long-term follow-up analyses that refine risk–benefit expectations for established regimens.

A second major thread is “engineering the immune response” and overcoming resistance. This includes immunoengineering approaches such as EVOTAC reprogramming tumor extracellular vesicles, molecular-glue and epigenetic modulation strategies to reshape antigen presentation, and combination rationales that increase T-cell infiltration (polatuzumab plus CD20/CD3 bispecifics). In hematologic malignancies, mechanistic screens in AML highlight splicing- and transcription-linked vulnerabilities, while CAR-T kinetic profiling in multiple myeloma links expansion dynamics to neurotoxicity timing—supporting more individualized monitoring. In parallel, gastroenterology work continues to translate mechanistic insights into candidate therapies for IBD (ferroptosis via ALOX15–VDAC1; phage strategies against AIEC virulence; and fibrostenosis biomarkers in Crohn’s).

Finally, the digest shows strong momentum in translational methods and systems-level biology. Noninvasive diagnostics (machine-learning elastography for portal hypertension), standardized clinical practice frameworks (Delphi consensus for prostate biopsy; chordoma guideline updates; hepatology curriculum harmonization), and new computational/biotech platforms (BGE sequencing, prime editing maps, and an AI agent for biomedical workflow execution) all point toward more scalable, reproducible care and discovery. Outside oncology, neuroscience studies emphasize circuit- and organelle-level mechanisms (microglial TDP-43 in myelination/splicing; complement-mediated synapse loss driven by activity; mitochondrial/ER crosstalk in disease models), while infection biology papers (H5N1 zoonotic risk; viral structural and genomic signatures) underscore ongoing relevance of mechanistic virology for public health.

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Oncology: Solid Tumor Immunotherapy & Checkpoint Biology

GABA promotes resistance to immunotherapy in patients with TLS-positive tumors.

The study examined how gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling affects immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance in tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS)-positive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and soft tissue sarcoma (STS) tumors, focusing on tumor–B cell interactions. Multi-omic profiling showed that in ccRCC non-responders, TLSs near GABA-producing tumor cells had impaired B cell maturation and reduced IgG production alongside increased GABA receptor expression and TCA cycle activation, and in vitro GABA exposure reduced B-cell HLA-DR expression and proliferation. These findings identify a GABA–B cell axis as a mechanistic driver of ICI resistance and suggest that targeting GABA signaling could improve TLS-associated immunotherapy responses.

Hernández-Verdin I, Calvez A, Sun CM et al. · Cancer cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The CARM1 epigenetic enzyme inhibits cross-presenting dendritic cell function in cancer immunity.

The study investigated whether the epigenetic enzyme CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1) regulates cancer antigen presentation by cross-presenting type I conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s). CARM1 was identified as a selective negative regulator of cDC1 antigen cross-presentation, and inactivation of the Carm1 gene increased cDC1 cross-presentation, activation, and tumor accumulation, while a CARM1 inhibitor enhanced cDC1-mediated T cell priming using a cancer neoantigen vaccine. These findings support CARM1 inhibition as an immunotherapy-adjunct strategy to boost cDC1 function and improve neoantigen-driven anti-tumor immunity.

Zhang X, Xirenayi S, Zhao Y et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

ALOX15 orchestrates mitochondrial antiviral immunity and serves as a host target for anti-influenza therapy.

This work investigated how the stress-responsive host protein ALOX15 (arachidonate lipoxygenase-15) regulates mitochondrial antiviral innate immunity and whether it can be targeted for anti-influenza therapy. Alox15 loss impaired MAVS-mediated type I interferon production and increased susceptibility to influenza, while adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated lung delivery of Alox15 reversed the phenotype; ALOX15 also translocated to mitochondria upon H1N1 and other RNA virus infections independent of enzymatic activity. The findings identify ALOX15 as a mechanistic host target for improving antiviral interferon responses and suggest a gene-delivery strategy for influenza.

Weng JY, Chen XX, Ye HE et al. · Nature immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Diet-microbiome synergy underlies obesity-associated immunotherapy efficacy.

This study investigated how diet and the gut microbiome interact to determine obesity-associated efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) using 12 mouse diet models spanning obesity biology. It found that ICI responses in obesity were poorly correlated with metabolic dysfunction and instead depended on the diet–gut axis, with obesogenic diets promoting a robust immunotherapy response through microbiome-linked mechanisms (details truncated in the abstract). These findings suggest that microbiome context and dietary factors can be key determinants of ICI sensitivity, informing stratification and combination strategies.

Desharnais L, Swaby A, Messaoudene M et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Non-genotoxic transplantation and in vivo selection through epitope editing.

This study engineered non-genotoxic haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) selection in vivo by epitope editing of the extracellular domain of the KIT receptor to disrupt binding of two therapeutic anti-KIT monoclonal antibodies. The key finding is that amino-acid changes impair antibody binding and thereby enable in vivo selection of edited HSPCs without altering KIT expression or function, avoiding pharmacokinetic limitations seen with antibody therapies. This supports a safer gene-therapy conditioning strategy that reduces reliance on genotoxic chemotherapy/radiotherapy while enabling targeted HSPC enrichment.

Casirati G, Cosentino A, Freschi M et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase 1 promotes tumor immune evasion by accelerating KMT2D loss in hepatocellular carcinoma.

This mechanistic study investigated UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase 1 (UXS1) as a driver of immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by accelerating KMT2D loss, using multi-omics integration plus in vitro and in vivo validation with UXS1 knockout/overexpression and co-culture assays. The key finding was that UXS1 promoted immune escape by speeding KMT2D depletion, thereby impairing antitumor immune recognition relevant to PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade durability. Identifying the UXS1–KMT2D axis provides a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to improve responses to immune checkpoint therapy in HCC.

Zhang J, Li Y, Chen J et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GLP-1R and GIPR crosstalk modulates insulinotropic signaling pathways.

This mechanistic study examined how crosstalk between GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and GIP receptor (GIPR) modulates insulinotropic signaling in human pancreatic islets, using semaglutide and other GLP-1R/GIPR ligands. It found that GLP-1 and semaglutide promote GLP-1R–GIPR heterodimerization (via TM4 of GLP-1R interacting with TM1/2 of GIPR), and that phosphoproteomics and molecular dynamics showed dimerizing versus non-dimerizing agonists trigger divergent signaling pathways. Scientifically, this explains differential incretin drug signaling and supports rational design/selection of incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Lindquist P, Dijkhof LRH, Drzazga AK et al. · Cell chemical biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Network analysis and experimental validation reveal mitochondrial-mediated programmed cell death mechanisms of Sini Decoction Plus Ginseng Soup against acute liver failure.

This preclinical study investigated mitochondrial-mediated programmed cell death pathways targeted by Sini Decoction Plus Ginseng Soup (SNRS) in an acute liver failure (ALF) mouse model. Using a d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced ALF model in ICR mice and network analysis plus experimental validation, it linked SNRS treatment to modulation of mitochondria-related PCD mechanisms. The findings are significant as they provide mechanistic support for SNRS as a candidate therapeutic approach for ALF by targeting mitochondrial cell-death pathways.

Zhang Y, Luo J, He Y et al. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Frailty transitions and incident stroke in older adults: A comparative longitudinal cohort study between China and the UK.

This comparative longitudinal cohort study examined how frailty status and its transitions relate to incident stroke in older adults in China (CHARLS) and the UK (ELSA), using a 28-item frailty index (FI) categorized as robust, pre-frail, or frail. It assessed frailty changes over a 2-year interval and evaluated their association with subsequent stroke risk across both populations. The significance lies in clarifying whether dynamic frailty trajectories can serve as actionable predictors for stroke prevention in aging populations across different healthcare settings.

Zhong S, Hua X, Li H et al. · Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Meningococcal B Vaccine to Prevent Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection.

This multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial tested whether the meningococcal B vaccine (4CMenB) reduces Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection risk in men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants received two doses of 4CMenB or placebo and were enrolled after recent diagnosis of N. gonorrhoeae infection or infectious syphilis, with HIV-negative status or HIV preexposure prophylaxis, or living with HIV. The study is clinically significant because it directly evaluates a potential vaccine-based prevention strategy for gonorrhea, for which no licensed vaccine currently exists.

Seib KL, Donovan B, Jin F et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Macrophage-Induced Senescent Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote SASP-Mediated Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer.

This study examined how macrophage-induced senescent cancer-associated fibroblasts (sCAFs) promote SASP-mediated chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC), using a machine learning-based Cellular Senescence Prediction Model (CSPM) trained on single-cell RNA sequencing data to identify sCAFs. The key finding was that higher abundance of sCAFs correlated with impaired chemotherapy responsiveness and worse prognosis in CRC, and that sCAF-associated SASP programs contributed to chemoresistance in preclinical models including subcutaneous tumors and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). The significance is that it links a senescent CAF state to treatment failure and provides a data-driven route to stratify CRC patients and potentially target SASP-driven resistance mechanisms.

Yang S, Chen Y, Liu S et al. · Cancer research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Lecanemab treatment improves B cell subpopulation immune homeostasis in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

This study assessed how lecanemab treatment affects peripheral immune homeostasis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using antibody array profiling of serum and single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls and AD patients at baseline, 3, and 6 months post-treatment, the authors found lecanemab restored multiple serum chemokines toward healthy levels and altered the frequencies and functions of naïve and unswitched memory B cell subpopulations. These results suggest that amyloid-clearing therapy with lecanemab also modulates B cell immune balance, which may influence AD progression or treatment response.

Cai Y, Wang Y, Huang W et al. · Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Oncology: Targeted Therapy, Biomarkers & Precision Oncology

Degron-independent recruitment of KAT2A expands the target space of CRBN molecular glues.

This study developed and mechanistically characterized a degron-independent cereblon (CRBN)-based molecular glue that targets lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) and expanded the CRBN molecular-glue target space. Cryo-electron microscopy showed that CRBN recruits KAT2A independently of a canonical degron by engaging a surface-exposed tyrosine that mimics antibody-like recognition, and selective KAT2A degradation produced potent anti-tumor effects (details truncated in the abstract). The work advances molecular-glue design by enabling homolog selectivity beyond degron constraints, offering a strategy to broaden druggable targets in cancer.

Ojeda S, Wang M, Baek K et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Chinese consensus on first-line precision therapy for advanced gastric cancer.

This Chinese consensus guideline addresses first-line precision therapy for advanced gastric cancer by integrating molecular and biomarker stratification into treatment selection. It emphasizes using biomarkers such as HER2/ERBB2 expression, MSI-H status, and PD-L1 (CD274) to guide targeted and immunotherapy approaches rather than uniform chemotherapy alone. The clinical significance is improved, biomarker-driven first-line treatment planning for advanced gastric cancer in China.

Zhang X, Sheng W, Xie T et al. · Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Development and Validation of a Computational Histology Artificial Intelligence-Powered Biomarker in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer on Randomized Phase III Trials.

This study developed and validated a computational histology artificial intelligence (CHAI) digital image-only prognostic biomarker in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) using participant-level data from two prospective phase III randomized trials (including CHAARTED). Using quantitative histomorphologic feature extraction from hematoxylin-and-eosin whole-slide images, the key finding was that the CHAI-derived signature stratified prognosis and could support risk-adapted treatment decisions. The scientific significance is that it provides a scalable, image-based biomarker approach to guide intensification or deintensification in mHSPC.

Sweeney CJ, Krishna V, Krishna V et al. · JCO precision oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

EGFR inhibition down-regulates MGMT and enhances responsiveness to temozolomide in glioblastoma.

This study examined whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition modulates temozolomide (TMZ) responsiveness in glioblastoma (GBM) by regulating the DNA repair gene MGMT. EGFR inhibition down-regulated MGMT transcription via activation of AP-1 (repressing MGMT) and NF-κB (up-regulating MGMT transcription), resulting in enhanced TMZ responsiveness in GBM models. Clinically, targeting EGFR may improve TMZ efficacy particularly by suppressing MGMT-mediated DNA damage repair, potentially extending benefit beyond MGMT promoter methylation–positive tumors.

Nayab A, Mughal N, Angez M et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Oncology: Radiation Therapy & Immunoradiotherapy

Dynamic immune profiling predicts response to radiation plus anti-PD-1 therapy in oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma.

In the prospective RAPPORT phase I/II trial (NCT02855203), pre-treatment tumor immune profiles were analyzed to predict response to stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) plus pembrolizumab (anti–PD-1) in 30 patients with oligometastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Responders had higher levels of intra-tumoral cytotoxic T-cell infiltration (as reported in the translational analyses). If validated, dynamic immune profiling could support patient selection and biomarker-driven optimization of radiation plus anti–PD-1 therapy in oligometastatic ccRCC.

To V, Thio N, Castle R et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SBRT embedded in low-dose RT plus αPD-1 (immuno-EclipseRT, iERT) elicits CD8+ T cell immunity against bulky tumors via an IFN-I/NK/DC axis.

This study evaluated the EclipseRT (ERT) radiation technique—low-dose RT to the gross tumor volume (GTV) combined with SBRT to selected subvolumes—when paired with anti–PD-1 (immuno-EclipseRT, iERT) to induce anti-tumor immunity against bulky tumors. Single-cell RNA sequencing and validation experiments indicated that the SBRT component robustly induces type I interferon (IFN-I), which activates NK cells to secrete XCL1 and recruit cross-presenting XCR1+ dendritic cells, coordinating CD8+ T-cell immunity. The IFN-I/NK/DC axis provides a mechanistic rationale for combining SBRT-focused immune activation with checkpoint blockade to improve bulky-tumor control.

Luo R, Yu M, Kang K et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Oncology: Cancer Genomics, Epigenetics & Mechanistic Evolution

Spatial multi-omics landscape of colorectal cancer macro- and micrometastases.

This work mapped the spatial and evolutionary architecture of colorectal cancer (CRC) macro- and micrometastases by profiling 49 tumors from 19 patients using spot-level and high-resolution spatial transcriptomics, laser-capture microdissection followed by multi-regional whole-genome sequencing, and high-plex protein imaging. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that liver micrometastases arose from early clonal divergences and contained a stem-like, quiescent program consistent with metastatic dormancy, revealing spatially distinct metastatic states across paired liver and lung lesions. The study provides a high-resolution framework for understanding minimal residual disease and dormancy biology, which could inform strategies to prevent relapse by targeting dormant metastatic clones.

Liu Y, Jadhav AS, Pan Y et al. · Cancer cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Aneuploidy selects for the acquisition of driver genes in breast cancer.

This work used a CRISPR knockout- and activation-linked assay (CRISPR-KOALA) to identify driver genes selected by aneuploidy in basal-like breast cancer using immunocompetent mouse models. The key finding is that aneuploidy preferentially selects for acquisition of specific driver genes, narrowing the set of genes most responsible for tumor fitness under chromosome-arm-level alterations. This provides a high-throughput genetic framework to dissect how chromosome instability drives breast cancer evolution and highlights candidate driver genes for targeted intervention.

Al-Zahrani KN, Langille ER, Nurtanto J et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Chromatin landscape and epigenetic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukaemia.

This study profiled the chromatin landscape and epigenetic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in 1,563 newly diagnosed patients using ATAC-seq (eCHROMA cohort). The authors found AML can be classified into 16 subgroups based on chromatin accessibility profiles, linking epigenetic states to multiomics features including mutations and gene expression. Clinically, this stratification could improve prognostic refinement and guide epigenetically informed therapeutic strategies in AML.

Ochi Y, Liew-Littorin M, Nannya Y et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pulmonary mRNA-LNP vaccines for rapid and durable protection against bacterial infection.

This study tested whether linoleic acid (LA) accelerates osteoarthritis (OA) progression by inducing ferroptosis in chondrocytes, using male rat models including traumatic OA. The authors report that LA accumulates in blood/synovial fluid/cartilage, directly binds the iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme ISCU to trigger autophagic degradation, and thereby drives chondrocyte ferroptosis and faster OA progression. These results identify a metabolism-linked, ferroptosis-mediated mechanism that could be targeted to slow OA progression.

Wei A, Miao Y, Yuan Z et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Linoleic acid accelerates osteoarthritis progression in male rats by targeting iron-sulfur clusters to drive ferroptosis in chondrocytes.

This study used a genetic screen in Schizosaccharomyces pombe to determine how spliceosomal proteins regulate RNA methylation and retrotransposon silencing. The authors identify the RNA methyltransferase Tgs1 and Coilin-related proteins as part of a TEaM complex that is recruited to cryptic-intron-containing RNAs via spliceosomal components (and to gametogenic transcripts via a YTH-family RNA-binding protein), where Tgs1 catalyzes trimethylguanosine (TMG) capping. The findings link splicing fidelity to RNA capping-based gene regulation and retrotransposon suppression, clarifying how transcript-specific RNA methylation is achieved.

Deng X, Xu H, Wu J et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Spliceosomal proteins direct RNA methylation to modulate gene expression and silence retrotransposons.

This study applied spatial transcriptomic profiling to 21 primary-metastatic ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) tumor pairs in a discovery cohort and additional tumors in two validation cohorts to map molecular gradients. The key finding is an inverse relationship between OXPHOS and inflammation along an EMT gradient, with partial EMT associated with metabolic shifts and loss of LCN2 expression potentially via down-regulation of SOX9. This provides a spatially resolved framework for understanding metabolic–EMT–inflammation coupling in OCCC and may inform gradient-aware therapeutic targeting.

Vijayakumari D, Gottfried X, Groubert B et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

L-2-Hydroxyglutarate sensitizes ferroptosis through ATF3/CHAC1-mediated glutathione degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Using a metabolic-scale CRISPR activation screen integrated with transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, this study identified regulators of ferroptosis sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and focused on L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG). L-2-HG sensitized cells to ferroptosis via an ATF3/CHAC1-mediated pathway that promotes glutathione degradation, while L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L2HGDH) was identified as an antagonist of ferroptosis and was frequently suppressed in liver tumors. These mechanistic insights suggest that modulating the L-2-HG/ATF3/CHAC1 axis could be exploited to enhance ferroptosis-based HCC therapies.

Xi C, Pang J, Oliaeimotlagh M et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Reprogramming of valine metabolism mediated by abnormally low ALDH6A1 expression promotes invasive metastasis of gastric cancer.

This work investigated how altered mitochondrial valine metabolism driven by abnormally low ALDH6A1 expression promotes gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 metabolic knockout screen integrated with patient transcriptomes, the authors found ALDH6A1 acts as an anti-invasive factor by blocking terminal valine catabolism, causing methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation that inhibits the histone demethylase KDM5C and increases H3K4me2 at invasion genes including ANGPT2 and MMP7. The ALDH6A1–MMA–KDM5C epigenetic axis identifies a metabolic-epigenetic vulnerability that could be targeted to limit gastric cancer metastasis.

Wang J, Han L, Li G et al. · Science advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Oncology: Cell Therapy & Immunoengineering

Polatuzumab Vedotin Enhances Intratumoral T-Cell Infiltration and Demonstrates Combinatorial Efficacy With Anti-CD20/CD3 Bispecific Antibody in a Syngeneic B-Cell Malignancy Mouse Model.

This study evaluated whether polatuzumab vedotin (Pola), an anti-CD79b antibody-drug conjugate, remodels the tumor microenvironment and improves combination efficacy with anti-CD20/CD3 bispecific antibodies in a syngeneic mouse model of B-cell malignancy. Pola increased intratumoral T-cell and innate immune-cell infiltration and upregulated cytokines/chemokines that support T-cell trafficking, and the Pola plus anti-CD20/CD3 bispecific combination produced superior anti-tumor activity versus either monotherapy. These findings support a mechanistic rationale for combining Pola with CD20/CD3 T-cell engagers to enhance T-cell infiltration and therapeutic efficacy in B-cell cancers.

Tomita M, Shu S, Kawasaki N et al. · EJHaem · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficient targeting of human glial progenitor cells in vivo with engineered AAV vectors and glymphatic delivery.

This study aimed to target human glial progenitor cells (GPCs) in vivo using engineered AAV vectors delivered via the glymphatic system. In chimeric mice engrafted with PDGFRA-driven Cre recombinase-expressing human GPCs, in vivo screening identified AAV5-based capsids that preferentially infected human GPCs and/or their astrocyte and oligodendrocyte progeny, with widespread mouse-brain delivery. The work advances a translational gene-delivery strategy for neurological diseases requiring selective modulation of glial lineages.

Cona A, Newbold E, Kesmen D et al. · Nature biotechnology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

An intrinsic cytoskeletal oscillator establishes neuronal polarity.

This research investigated how neuronal polarity is established by combining live imaging, in vivo genetic loss-of-function, optogenetic control, and local cytoskeletal perturbations in cultured neurons. The authors identify a soma-initiated intrinsic cytoskeletal oscillatory program, driven by periodic actin branching, that primes axon selection and shows that growth cones alone are insufficient. Scientifically, it reframes neuronal polarization as an internally organized oscillatory process centered in the soma, offering mechanistic targets for disorders of neuronal wiring.

Lin TC, Coles CH, Alfadil E et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Switching tumor-derived extracellular vesicles off and on via targeted proteolysis to shift toward immunogenic phenotypes.

This study developed EVOTAC, a nanoproteolysis-targeting chimera (“Nano-PROTAC”) that uses a PROTAC–photosensitizer construct with a cancer biomarker-responsive cleavable linker to switch tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) toward an immunogenic phenotype. Upon biomarker-guided activation preferentially in tumors, EVOTAC reprogrammed TEVs rather than indiscriminately suppressing them, aiming to enhance antitumor immune responses. The approach provides a targeted, controllable strategy to modulate TEV biology for immunotherapy-relevant tumor immune evasion.

Jang Y, Park B, Choi J et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Intracranial Injection of Investigational Ex Vivo Expanded and Activated Gamma-Delta T Cells Engineered With a Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase-Expressing Lentivector in Patients With Primary Glioblastoma.

This clinical study investigated intracranial injection of ex vivo expanded and activated gamma-delta (γδ) T cells engineered with a methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-expressing lentivector (DeltEx drug-resistant immunotherapy) in patients with newly diagnosed primary glioblastoma (GBM), leveraging temozolomide (TMZ)-induced DNA damage response to upregulate NKG2D-L targets. The key finding was that the MGMT-lentivector–engineered γδ T cells were delivered intracranially in a 13-treated cohort (out of 23 enrolled) with the trial designed to assess safety/feasibility and anti-tumor activity in this setting. This is significant because it combines TMZ-driven tumor stress biology with TMZ-resistant, intracranially delivered γδ T-cell therapy to improve therapeutic durability in GBM.

Nabors LB, Lobbous M, Han X et al. · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Oncology: Clinical Trials, Comparative Effectiveness & Guidelines

Global Consensus on the Management of Primary Localized Chordoma.

This article updated international multidisciplinary consensus recommendations for managing primary localized chordoma in both pediatric and adult patients, reflecting advances in pathology, imaging, surgery, radiotherapy, and supportive care since a 2015 guideline. It synthesizes evidence and expert agreement to guide diagnosis, treatment selection, and follow-up for this rare tumor with high local recurrence and substantial metastatic risk. The guideline is clinically significant because it standardizes care for a complex, low-incidence cancer where high-quality comparative evidence has historically been limited.

Radaelli S, Frezza AM, Fossati P et al. · JAMA oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Durvalumab Plus Chemotherapy for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: A Post Hoc Analysis of the TOPAZ-1 Randomized Clinical Trial.

This post hoc analysis of the phase 3 TOPAZ-1 randomized clinical trial evaluated 4-year overall survival and safety of durvalumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin (GemCis) in adults (≥18 years) with advanced biliary tract cancer. Durvalumab plus GemCis continued to show improved overall survival versus placebo plus GemCis with comparable safety over longer follow-up. These findings further support durvalumab+GemCis as a first-line standard of care for advanced biliary tract cancer and inform long-term risk–benefit expectations.

Oh DY, He AR, Qin S et al. · JAMA oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Guidelines for the management of hereditary ATTR amyloidosis 2026.

This 2026 International Society of Amyloidosis (ISA) guideline document summarizes evidence-based management of hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis, focusing on disease-modifying strategies targeting the TTR tetramer or TTR gene. It recommends TTR tetramer stabilizers (e.g., tafamidis, vutrisiran is a gene-silencing agent in practice, while patisiran/eplontersen are siRNA/antisense for polyneuropathy) and TTR gene silencers (small-interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides) with drug–phenotype matching for ATTRv polyneuropathy versus ATTRv cardiomyopathy. The guideline standardizes precision treatment selection by genotype/phenotype and supports consistent care across countries with heterogeneous eligibility.

Sekijima Y, Ueda M, Berk JL et al. · Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Role of Perfusion Parameters on Outcomes and Safety of Endovascular Therapy in Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke.

This prespecified secondary analysis of the international, multicenter observational PLATO registry assessed whether baseline perfusion imaging parameters (CT or MRI) predicted outcomes and modified the effect of endovascular therapy (EVT) in adults with isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusion (iPCAO). The key finding was the relationship between specific perfusion metrics and 90-day clinical outcomes, and whether those metrics altered the EVT–outcome association. This supports more individualized EVT decision-making using baseline perfusion imaging in iPCAO.

Diel NJ, Strambo D, Abdalkader M et al. · Stroke · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy and safety of eribulin mesylate vs. docetaxel or paclitaxel, combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab, as first-line treatment for HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: updated subgroup analyses of JBCRG-M06/EMERALD.

This updated subgroup analysis of the EMERALD study evaluated efficacy, safety, and quality of life in HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients randomized to eribulin mesylate versus docetaxel or paclitaxel, each combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab. In the intention-to-treat/safety populations, patients received eribulin (E) or a taxane (T; physician’s choice of DTX or PTX) in 21-day cycles, and outcomes were analyzed by subgroups. The findings help refine first-line treatment selection by clarifying where eribulin may offer benefits or risks relative to taxanes when paired with dual HER2 blockade.

Masuda N, Saji S, Kojima Y et al. · Breast cancer research and treatment · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The Pick fold in tau filaments from human MAPT mutants.

This structural biology study used electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the architecture of tau filaments derived from human MAPT mutants (D252V, G272V, S320F, and ΔG389-I392). The authors found the two-layered “Pick fold” in brains from individuals with D252V and ΔG389-I392 (with abundant tau inclusions in glial cells), while other mutants showed different filament features. These cryo-EM structures link specific MAPT mutations to distinct tau filament folds, advancing mechanistic understanding of tauopathies such as Pick’s disease and FTDP-17.

Qi C, Lövestam S, Shi J et al. · Acta neuropathologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Global breast cancer survival estimates in 2017-2021 to advance the WHO Global Breast Cancer Initiative.

This study estimated global, population-based 5-year net survival for women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2017–2021 across all 194 WHO Member States, providing WHO Global Breast Cancer Initiative benchmarks. Median 5-year net survival varied substantially by WHO region, with the African Region reported at 39.1% (95% uncertainty interval 34.1–44.7%) during 2017–2021. These survival estimates enable standardized cross-country monitoring and can guide targeted interventions to reduce breast-cancer mortality by 2040.

Girardi F, Nyangasi M, Callender C et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ProBIOPSY: A Multidisciplinary International Consensus on Standards for Prostate Biopsy.

ProBIOPSY is an international consensus project that studied how to standardize prostate biopsy across patient selection, tools, technique, and biopsy strategy using a systematic review and a modified Delphi process with 34 experts. The key finding was that consensus statements were iteratively refined across three Delphi rounds (96, 99, and 112 statements) and assessed with a modified RAND appropriateness method. Standardized biopsy practices could improve consistency of local treatment planning and reduce variability in prostate cancer diagnosis.

Chernysheva D, Di Bello F, Avesani G et al. · European urology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Rituximab for antibody-mediated rejection after heart transplantation: A single-center retrospective study.

This single-center retrospective study evaluated rituximab as adjunctive therapy for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after heart transplantation in adult patients with biopsy-confirmed AMR treated with plasmapheresis and/or intravenous immunoglobulin between 2009 and 2018. The key finding was that rituximab-treated patients showed higher numerical rates of AMR resolution and lower recurrence at 1 year, with higher one-year survival compared with those not receiving rituximab (though some comparisons did not reach statistical significance). The study suggests potential benefit of rituximab in AMR management, informing future prospective trials.

Joharji H, Akhras N, Al Jawhari L et al. · Journal of cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Systemic light chain and transthyretin amyloidosis-treatment advancements and future directions.

This review summarized advances and future directions in systemic amyloidosis treatment, focusing on light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis. It highlighted that mechanistic insights into transthyretin misfolding have enabled multiple ATTR therapies and that AL amyloidosis has seen major progress including daratumumab-based combinations and emerging immunotherapies such as bispecific T-cell engagers. The synthesis is clinically significant for guiding selection of rapidly evolving, mechanism-based treatments across systemic amyloidosis subtypes.

Bianchi G, Sanchorawala V, Wechalekar A et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Real-World Implementation of Tarlatamab-Dlle Therapy for Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other High-Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

This real-world implementation study evaluated an outpatient tarlatamab-dlle program for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and other high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms, using outpatient infusion plus on-site immediate care observation for 24-hour monitoring after the first two doses. The key finding was that outpatient administration with structured observation was feasible while managing the risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), with hospital admission reserved for higher-grade toxicity. This is significant because it informs operational strategies to deliver DLL3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager therapy more efficiently while maintaining safety monitoring.

Carlisle JW, O’Reilly K, Ji XA et al. · JCO oncology practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Hematologic Malignancies: AML/Leukemia/Multiple Myeloma

Venetoclax in combination with cytarabine with or without idarubicin or azacitidine in children, adolescents, and young adults with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (VENAML): a multicentre, phase 1 expansion study.

This multicentre phase 1 expansion study evaluated venetoclax combined with cytarabine with or without idarubicin or azacitidine in children, adolescents, and young adults aged 2–24 years with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The trial aimed to refine efficacy and toxicity estimates beyond the previously reported dose-escalation phase and establish the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for this pediatric regimen. Clinically, the results are intended to optimize dosing and risk–benefit for venetoclax-based intensive chemotherapy in pediatric R/R AML, where outcomes remain poor.

Daniels KP, Pounds SB, Wu H et al. · The Lancet. Haematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Rapid Peak Cilta-cel Expansion is Associated with Delayed Neurotoxicity in Multiple Myeloma.

This study analyzed CAR-T cell kinetics and their relationship to efficacy and toxicity in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) treated with idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) or ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), using a uniform flow cytometry-based quantification platform in 90 patients. The key finding was that cilta-cel produced significantly greater CAR-T expansion than ide-cel (median 106 vs 49 cells/µL) and that rapid peak expansion was associated with delayed neurotoxicity. This is significant because it helps refine CAR-T monitoring and risk prediction for neurotoxicity based on standardized expansion kinetics.

Hosoya H, Velayati A, Dima D et al. · Blood · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

USP22 is a novel vulnerability regulating MEIS1 protein abundance and gene transcription in KMT2Ar acute leukemia.

This mechanistic study used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify vulnerabilities in KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2Ar) acute leukemia, focusing on USP22 as a regulator of MEIS1 protein abundance and gene transcription. The key finding was that USP22 loss/functionally regulates MEIS1-driven transcriptional programs that support leukemic transformation and chemotherapy resistance in KMT2Ar leukemia models. The significance is that USP22 emerges as a potential therapeutic vulnerability and provides a mechanistic rationale for targeting transcriptional regulation in KMT2Ar acute leukemia, including in contexts where menin inhibitors may face resistance.

Bröchtel S, Schneider C, Müller M et al. · Blood · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Splicing-associated network PAK1-CLK1/4-SRRM1 is a vulnerability to overcome chemoresistance in human and mouse acute myeloid leukemia.

This study explored mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using integrated multiomic profiling and in vivo functional genomics. It identified a splicing-associated vulnerability network involving SRRM1 and the kinase families CLK1/4 and PAK1, where hyperactivation promotes SRRM1 phosphorylation and alters its scaffolding function, and a relapse-associated PAK1 variant (c.1429G>T; p.(Ala477→Ser)) confers chemotherapy resistance. Combined inhibition of PAK1 and CLK1/4 re-sensitized chemoresistant AML by recapitulating the splicing program, suggesting a druggable pathway to overcome resistance.

Vaganay C, Ling F, Kelly LM et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cardiovascular & Metabolic Risk (Drugs, Exercise, Cardiovascular Outcomes)

Cardiovascular Safety of Romosozumab Versus Other Anti-Osteoporosis Medications in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Database Study in Japan.

Using Japan’s nationwide health insurance claims database, this study compared cardiovascular disease incidence after initiation of romosozumab versus other anti-osteoporosis medications (parathyroid hormone analogues, denosumab, and bisphosphonates) in patients aged ≥50 years between March 2019 and March 2023. The key finding was the relative cardiovascular risk profile of romosozumab compared with each comparator within 570 days of treatment initiation. Clinically, this helps clinicians weigh fracture-prevention benefits against cardiovascular safety concerns when selecting osteoporosis therapy in real-world Japanese populations.

Fujita Y, Kouda K, Fujimori K et al. · Calcified tissue international · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Reattempt of tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation after maintenance therapy with ponatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in the chronic phase: Result of the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group RE-STOP219 study.

In a genome-wide association study of resistant hypertension (rHTN) defined by inadequate BP control despite ≥3 antihypertensive drugs, the authors analyzed 23,508 rHTN cases versus 24,393 controlled hypertension controls using prescription and blood pressure data from the UK Biobank/ICE-like resources. The study identified genetic variants associated with rHTN that link to hyperaldosteronism and potassium levels. Scientifically, these findings refine the genetic architecture of rHTN and suggest mechanistic pathways (aldosterone–potassium biology) that could guide targeted evaluation and treatment.

Iriyama N, Takahashi N, Fujimaki K et al. · British journal of haematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Exercise Training in High-Risk Populations: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

This American Heart Association scientific statement reviewed evidence and future directions for exercise training in high-risk cardiovascular populations, including groups such as frailty, stroke, spinal cord injury, rheumatologic conditions, genetic cardiomyopathies, and recipients of advanced heart failure therapies or cardiac implantable electronic devices. The key conclusion was that aerobic exercise training can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce adverse cardiovascular events, but requires tailored safety and program design for each high-risk subgroup. Clinically, it provides guidance for implementing exercise prescriptions while accounting for functional deficits and device/therapy-specific considerations.

Fleg JL, Golbus JR, Afilalo J et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Optimizing heparin and protamine dosing during cardiopulmonary bypass using activated clotting time-guided protocols: a single-center prospective randomized controlled trial.

This single-center prospective randomized controlled trial studied whether activated clotting time (ACT)-guided, formula-based heparin and protamine dosing supported by ROTEM improves perioperative coagulation management compared with standard weight-based dosing in 100 adults undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The ACT-guided protocol used individualized heparin/protamine calculations based on predefined ACT-based formulas and incorporated viscoelastic coagulation monitoring (ROTEM) to guide dosing. If superior, this approach could reduce bleeding and improve coagulation control during CPB in CABG patients.

El Dsouki Y, Condello I, Gunertem OE et al. · Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neuropsychiatric Outcomes With Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, and Other GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX Global Federated Network (>192 million patients) to compare neuropsychiatric outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity initiating tirzepatide versus semaglutide versus other GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Using a new-user design with a 12-month washout and propensity score matching, it evaluated differences in risks such as depression and suicidal ideation across incretin-based therapies. The results are clinically important for selecting and monitoring incretin therapies with attention to neuropsychiatric safety signals.

Chen SC, Wang TJ, Chou CK et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Pregnancy outcomes following maternal GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed pregnancy outcomes after maternal exposure to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists during the periconceptional period and pregnancy. Across seven cohort studies totaling over 40,000 exposed pregnancies, maternal GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure was not associated with a statistically significant increase in congenital malformations or other adverse pregnancy outcomes (as reported in the available abstract). These findings inform risk counseling and clinical decision-making for patients who use GLP-1 receptor agonists around conception and during pregnancy.

Uysal N, Horoz E, Gungor M et al. · Scientific reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Genetic and molecular signatures highlight diverse pathways linking obesity to type 2 diabetes.

This study integrated multi-omics data to identify SNPs associated with body mass index (BMI) in males and females and clustered them using Mendelian randomisation estimates for type 2 diabetes risk. Four SNP clusters showed distinct, directionally different effects on type 2 diabetes, implying multiple molecular pathways linking obesity components to diabetes susceptibility. These findings refine genetic mechanisms of obesity heterogeneity and can help prioritize pathway-specific targets for type 2 diabetes prevention.

Mutie PM, Stojanovic T, Lo Faro V et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gut microbiota associates with frailty in older women.

This study analyzed gut metagenomic profiles in the SUPERB cohort of 2,081 Swedish women aged 75–80 years to test associations between microbiota features and frailty severity and outcomes using a Frailty Mortality Index (FMI). Gut microbiome characteristics were associated with frailty, with FMI showing stronger associations with mortality than the Charlson Comorbidity Index (as summarized in the abstract). Linking specific gut microbial patterns to frailty could enable risk stratification and microbiome-informed interventions in older women.

Vilar Geraldi M, Dwibedi C, Jaiswal R et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight management in mental illness: a network meta-analysis.

This network meta-analysis compared glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight management in 595 adults with obesity and mental illness, predominantly schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, across nine randomized controlled trials. GLP-1 receptor agonists showed comparative improvements in body weight and related metabolic outcomes, with differential risk–benefit profiles among agents. These findings support evidence-informed selection of GLP-1 receptor agonists for obesity treatment in people with serious mental illness, where weight management options are often limited.

Kishi T, Ikuta T, Sakuma K et al. · Translational psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparative effects of drugs for adults with overweight or obesity: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis studied comparative benefits and harms of drugs for adults with overweight or obesity by synthesizing randomized controlled trials of at least 12 weeks and modeling 24 outcomes using frequentist random-effects and Bayesian dose–response approaches. The key finding was a comparative ranking of drug effects on weight and multiple health outcomes, with uncertainty and risk-of-bias considerations handled via GRADE and RoB 2. The results provide decision-relevant evidence for policymakers and clinicians selecting among anti-obesity medications.

Nong K, Shi Q, Xie X et al. · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Nutritional, functional, and psychological considerations for incretin-based therapies in adults-an EASO, EFAD, and ECPO Consensus Statement.

This consensus statement reviewed nutritional, functional, and psychological considerations for adults receiving incretin-based therapies, focusing on GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists. It found that appetite reduction, rapid weight loss, gastrointestinal adverse effects, and changes in eating behavior can create clinically relevant nutritional and psychosocial risks that require proactive monitoring and management. The guidance is significant for improving real-world safety and adherence to incretin therapies in obesity and related cardiometabolic conditions.

Dobbie LJ, Tolvanen L, Alves D et al. · The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Adults.

This review studied nutrition therapy strategies in critically ill adults, focusing on the acute-phase roles of enteral versus parenteral feeding and dosing intensity in populations including patients with circulatory shock and those at risk for refeeding syndrome. It found that early enteral nutrition supports gut integrity and microbiome health, while early short-term parenteral nutrition is a safe alternative when enteral feeding is not possible, and that large trials show no benefit—and more GI/metabolic complications—with early full-dose energy delivery compared with restrictive dosing. Clinically, the evidence supports a restrictive nutrition strategy (especially in shock or refeeding-risk patients) to reduce complications while maintaining feasible nutrition delivery.

Patel JJ, McClave SA · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ensartinib in Resected ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

This phase 3, double-blind randomized trial studied ensartinib (225 mg once daily) versus placebo in patients with completely resected ALK-positive stage IB to IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after adjuvant chemotherapy, with disease-free survival as the primary endpoint in stage II to IIIB disease. The key finding was that ensartinib improved disease-free survival compared with placebo (with the trial designed to establish safety and efficacy in the resected setting). This is significant because it extends second-generation ALK inhibition to the adjuvant/resected ALK-positive NSCLC population, potentially improving relapse prevention after surgery and chemotherapy.

Yue D, Huang M, Song P et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Setmelanotide for the Treatment of Acquired Hypothalamic Obesity.

This phase 3 trial studied setmelanotide, a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist given subcutaneously once daily (1.5 to 3.0 mg after dose escalation), versus placebo in participants at least 4 years old with acquired hypothalamic obesity over 52 weeks. The key finding was that setmelanotide produced clinically meaningful weight loss compared with placebo. The result is significant because it provides evidence for a targeted MC4R agonist therapy for acquired hypothalamic obesity, a condition with limited effective pharmacologic options.

Miller JL, van Santen HM, Phillips SA et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

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Nephrology & Liver Disease: Noninvasive Diagnostics & Fibrosis/Portal HTN

Metabolically and epigenetically reprogrammed splenic TRNP1hiCD8+ T cells exacerbate liver fibrosis.

This study examined how spleen-derived TRNP1hiCD8+ T cells contribute to progression from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to fibrosis in patients and mouse models. TRNP1hiCD8+ T cells were induced in MASLD/MASH and promoted liver fibrosis by secreting INSR-α, with mechanistic links to coordinated epigenetic remodeling (demethylated DNA and H3K27me3, increased H3K27ac, and enhancer–promoter chromatin reorganization). These results define a spleen–liver immune axis and implicate TRNP1hiCD8+ T cell epigenetic programs as potential therapeutic targets to prevent fibrotic progression.

Zhang L, Wang Y, Wei K et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Structural basis of lipid-dependent allosteric gating mechanisms for PC1-PC2 ion channel.

This work used structural and biochemical approaches to define how membrane lipids allosterically gate the polycystin-1/polcystin-2 (PC1–PC2) cation channel in the primary cilium, relevant to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) bound the central pore to keep the channel closed, while dissociation shifted it to a pre-open state and the cilia-enriched oxysterol 7β,27-dihydroxycholesterol (7β,27-DHC) stabilized a more open, non-conductive state. Mechanistically mapping lipid-dependent gating provides a route to understand ADPKD channel regulation and to design lipid- or allosteric-modulating therapies.

Chen M, Wang Z, Shi Y et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Validation of a pan-ELastography Machine-learning (ELM) score to predict clinically significant portal hypertension in compensated advanced chronic liver disease.

This study validated a pan-ELastography machine-learning (ELM) score to predict clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) in compensated advanced chronic liver disease, aiming to address limitations of Baveno-VII “gray-zone” results across elastography techniques. The key finding was that the ML model integrating liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) improved prediction of CSPH compared with reliance on standard criteria alone, reducing indeterminate classifications. This could enable more accurate non-invasive CSPH stratification and better selection of patients for interventions such as non-selective beta-blockers.

Giuffrè M, Kresevic S, Ravaioli F et al. · Journal of hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Gastroenterology: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Mechanisms & Therapies)

Real-World Efficacy of Ustekinumab versus Vedolizumab for Ulcerative Colitis: Differences between Short- and Long-Term Outcomes Based on Endoscopic Remission.

In a retrospective, real-world study of ulcerative colitis patients treated at two tertiary centers, investigators compared ustekinumab versus vedolizumab using inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance baseline differences. The key finding was that endoscopic remission outcomes differed between short- and long-term follow-up (at 1 and 2 years) when stratified by endoscopic remission measures (Mayo Endoscopic Subscore 0–1 and MES 0 alone). This helps clinicians interpret comparative effectiveness of biologics in routine practice, particularly for achieving durable endoscopic remission.

Furuya M, Kato J, Takeuchi K et al. · Inflammatory intestinal diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

AI-Powered Discovery of Rosmarinic Acid as a Novel Ferroptosis Inhibitor for Ulcerative Colitis via Targeting the ALOX15-VDAC1 Axis.

Using an AI/ML-driven screening approach that combined molecular fingerprints and transfer learning representations to identify ALOX15 inhibitors, this study discovered rosmarinic acid as a candidate ferroptosis inhibitor for ulcerative colitis by targeting the ALOX15–VDAC1 axis. Rosmarinic acid showed high-affinity binding to ALOX15, stable complex formation in molecular dynamics simulations, and protective effects in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice and LPS-treated intestinal epithelial cells. These results provide a mechanism-based preclinical therapeutic lead for UC centered on ferroptosis inhibition via ALOX15–VDAC1 modulation.

Fang G, Ao J, Li X et al. · Research (Washington, D.C.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TREM1 signaling amplifies neutrophil-mediated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.

This research investigated how TREM1 signaling amplifies neutrophil-mediated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), focusing on myeloid-cell receptor activation by ligands such as PGLYRP1. It identified two positive feedback loops: neutrophils activated by PMA or bacteria release PGLYRP1 that complexes with bacterial peptidoglycan to activate TREM1 and enhance degranulation, ROS production, and NETosis, and TREM1 activation on monocytes increases chemokine secretion that further recruits/activates inflammatory cells. The study supports TREM1 as a mechanistic amplifier of chronic neutrophil-driven inflammation and a potential therapeutic target in IBD.

Andrade W, Xu H, Peng Y et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SMOC2 mediates GLI1+ mesenchymal cell-driven fibrostenosis and predicts postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease.

This study investigated whether SMOC2 mediates fibrostenosis driven by GLI1+ mesenchymal cells and whether it predicts postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease, using surgical human tissue samples, DSS/TNBS mouse models, and single-cell RNA sequencing. The key finding was that GLI1+ mesenchymal cell–associated fibrostenotic programs involving SMOC2 promote fibrostenosis and that SMOC2 predicts postoperative recurrence. These results support SMOC2 and GLI1+ mesenchymal pathways as potential early biomarkers and therapeutic targets for Crohn’s fibrostenosis.

Wang D, Zhao X, Yang Q et al. · Gut · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Advances and challenges in microbiome transplantation.

This review article assessed fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) as a microbiome manipulation strategy across diseases beyond recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), including metabolic, neurological, oncological, and autoimmune disorders. It found that while FMT is widely accepted for rCDI and studied broadly, key challenges remain in donor selection, risk of transmitting infectious or non-communicable harms, and incomplete understanding of mechanisms underlying benefits. The review is significant for shaping safer, more mechanistically grounded microbiome transplantation protocols.

Sen P, Kaulmann D, Youngster I et al. · Cell host & microbe · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Phage intervention improves colitis and response to corticosteroids by attenuating virulence of Crohn’s disease-associated bacteria.

This study tested whether phage therapy targeting Crohn’s disease–associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) can improve colitis and corticosteroid response by reducing bacterial virulence. The authors identified the AIEC-active phage HER259 and showed it ameliorated colitis in gnotobiotic models and attenuated AIEC NRG857c virulence by suppressing the FimH adhesin through inversion of the fimS promoter to an “off” orientation, with confirmation in CD-microbiota colitis models. These findings support precision bacteriophage intervention as a strategy to reduce pathogenic AIEC virulence while preserving microbiome specificity and improving steroid responsiveness in Crohn’s disease.

Jackson K, Galipeau HJ, Hann A et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Gastroenterology: GI Cancers & Surgical/Oncologic Management

Systemic therapy, gastrectomy, cytoreductive surgery, and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic therapy alone for gastric cancer with limited peritoneal metastases (PERISCOPE II): final results of a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial after an unplanned commissioned interim analysis.

The PERISCOPE II phase 3 randomized trial compared gastrectomy plus cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) versus systemic therapy alone in adults (≥18 years) with resectable cT3/cT4a gastric adenocarcinoma and limited peritoneal metastases. The study’s final results tested whether adding cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC improves outcomes compared with systemic therapy alone after an unplanned interim analysis. This is significant because it directly informs the standard-of-care for managing gastric cancer with limited peritoneal spread.

Quik JSE, Vollebergh MA, Retèl VP et al. · The Lancet. Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Autoimmunity & Inflammatory Disease (Beyond IBD)

Effect of Listening to Quran Recitation on the Quality of Life of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

This quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study assessed the effect of listening to Quran recitation on quality of life in adult Muslim women (≥18 years) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The intervention group (not regularly listening to Quran at baseline) received Quran recitation listening, while a control group did not, and the study aimed to quantify changes in QoL after the intervention period. If effective, Quran recitation could represent a low-cost, culturally acceptable adjunct to improve patient-reported outcomes in SLE.

Wijayanti K, Widhani A, Koesnoe S et al. · Acta medica Indonesiana · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Disease-related and psychosocial factors associated with difficult-to-manage and treatment-refractory axial spondyloarthritis: insights from the Greek AxSpA Registry.

This real-world registry analysis used the Greek AxSpA Registry to characterize disease-related and psychosocial factors associated with difficult-to-manage (D2M) and treatment-refractory (TR) axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA). D2M was defined as ASDAS ≥2.1 despite failure of at least two biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs with different mechanisms, and TR was defined as D2M plus CRP ≥0.5 mg/dL after excluding infection. Identifying the clinical and psychosocial correlates of D2M/TR AxSpA can help target interventions and improve management strategies for patients with unmet needs.

Kougkas N, Tsafis K, Deligeorgakis D et al. · Rheumatology international · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

IL-10-neutralising autoantibodies in paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease.

This study examined IL-10-neutralising autoantibodies in pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease by analyzing plasma from children with IBD (n=239), autoimmune enteropathy (n=37), or congenital diarrhoea/enteropathies (n=42) and performing functional cell-based assays of IL-10 response. The key finding was the prevalence and longitudinal persistence of IL-10 autoantibodies in pediatric patients, along with associated clinical features. Clinically, IL-10 autoantibody testing could help identify a biologically defined subgroup of pediatric IBD with distinct disease course and treatment implications.

Yalcinkaya A, Sandström E, Degrace EJ et al. · Gut · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dermatomyositis is characterized by TYK2-dependent STAT3 activation.

This immunology study investigated signaling mechanisms in dermatomyositis (DM) by testing whether TYK2-dependent STAT3 activation drives disease-relevant pathway activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active DM (n=5) compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and healthy donors. Using flow cytometry to measure phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in CD4+ and CD14+ cells under basal conditions and after selective JAK inhibition (abrocitinib for JAK1, gandotinib for JAK2, decernotinib for JAK3, and deucravacitinib for TYK2), the key finding was that STAT3 activation in DM was dependent on TYK2. The significance is that it supports TYK2 as a targeted pathway in DM pathogenesis and provides a biomarker-linked rationale for TYK2-directed therapies.

Fornaro M, Del Vescovo S, Cacciapaglia F et al. · Clinical and experimental immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cytokine-mediated activation of kidney-infiltrating CD8+ T cells enables their contribution to inflammation in human lupus nephritis.

This study investigated how cytokines activate kidney-infiltrating CD8+ T cells to contribute to inflammation in human proliferative lupus nephritis (LN). By analyzing urinary T cells as a proxy for kidney tissue pathogenesis, the authors found that cytokine-mediated activation enables these CD8+ T cells to participate in tubulointerstitial inflammation, supporting a role for local autoreactive immune activation in LN. The results highlight cytokine-driven activation of kidney-infiltrating CD8+ T cells as a potential therapeutic target to reduce inflammatory damage in lupus nephritis.

Skopnik CM, Klocke J, Freund P et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neuroscience: Circuits, Neurodegeneration & Neuroimmune Mechanisms

C1q and immunoglobulins mediate activity-dependent synapse loss in the adult brain.

This study tested what triggers complement component 1q (C1q) deposition and adult synapse loss by using in vivo chemogenetics to manipulate neuronal activity in the adult hippocampus of mice. Neuronal hyperactivity induced region-specific, C1q-dependent synapse loss, and in an Alzheimer’s disease model, suppressing perforant pathway hyperactivity reduced amyloid-β, decreased C1q deposition, and partially rescued synapse loss. By combining spatial transcriptomics, live-cell tracking, and super-resolution microscopy, the work links activity-driven hyperactivity and antibody-secreting B-lineage cells to complement-mediated synaptic pruning, informing mechanisms relevant to neurodegeneration.

Crowley G, Kim M, O’Neill N et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neural circuits for valence updating in social memory.

The study examined how social memory updates the valence of conspecifics when a previously neutral individual becomes aggressive, using circuit-level manipulations and mapping in the hippocampal ventral CA1 (vCA1)–basolateral amygdala (BLA)–nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway. After defeat, social memory engram neurons in vCA1 strengthened synaptic connectivity with BLA neurons carrying negative valence, and valence updating depended on enhanced synaptic connectivity plus physiological changes within the vCA1–BLA–NAc circuit. These results identify a neural circuit mechanism for dynamic social valence updating, which could inform interventions for maladaptive social memory in stress- and trauma-related disorders.

Suto N, Wang MY, Morikawa S et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Plant-derived mitochondria mitigate aging-related neurodegeneration by reprogramming microglial mitochondrial energy metabolism.

This translational neurodegeneration study tested whether plant-derived mitochondria can mitigate aging-related neurodegeneration by reprogramming microglial mitochondrial energy metabolism. Mitochondria were isolated from edible plants (plant-derived mitochondria, P-Mit) and delivered to assess brain distribution and microglial metabolic/molecular responses, with turmeric-derived mitochondria highlighted as a proof-of-concept. The work supports plant-mitochondria transfer as a potential therapeutic strategy to target microglial bioenergetics in age-associated neurodegenerative disease.

Teng Y, Luo C, Xu Q et al. · Translational neurodegeneration · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Microglial TDP-43 mediates myelin refinement and represses Tyrobp cryptic exon inclusion in mice.

This Nature Neuroscience study investigated how microglial TDP-43 regulates myelin refinement and controls alternative splicing by repressing Tyrobp cryptic exon inclusion in mice. Using mice lacking microglial TDP-43 and combining MRI with confocal and electron microscopy plus spatial transcriptomics, the authors observed early postnatal structural/myelin abnormalities, an interferon-responsive transcriptional signature linked to oligodendrocyte dysfunction, and motor deficits. The results establish a microglia-intrinsic TDP-43 function that shapes myelination and splicing programs, highlighting a potential pathway relevant to TDP-43 proteinopathies.

Compagnion AC, Ivanov A, Rana A et al. · Nature neuroscience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Local autophagy impairment triggers brain-wide presynaptic remodeling and resilience.

This study tested how local autophagy impairment in the Drosophila mushroom body affects synaptic structure and organismal resilience. Autophagy impairment triggered brain-wide, post-transcriptional remodeling of presynaptic active zones, including increased active zone scaffold proteins, reduced calcium channel subunits, and elevated Shaker-type potassium channels, and this remodeling enhanced resilience. The results provide a mechanistic model for how autophagy-linked, circuit-wide presynaptic plasticity can stabilize function under stress.

Toppe D, Huang S, Lützkendorf J et al. · The EMBO journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Electron tomography reveals mitochondrial network and cristae remodelling during cell differentiation in the human placenta.

This work used array tomography and cryo-electron tomography to characterize mitochondrial network structure and cristae remodeling during differentiation of human placental trophoblast cells. The authors report two distinct mitochondrial subpopulations in preparations enriched for progenitor cytotrophoblasts and a single homogeneous mitochondrial population in differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts. These results advance understanding of how mitochondrial morphology and cristae architecture are remodeled across human placental differentiation, informing models of trophoblast function and adaptation.

Acharya S, Hanssen E, Botha VB et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Elimination of myotonia improves myopathy in a muscleblind-like knockout model of myotonic dystrophy.

In a muscleblind-like (Mbl) knockout model of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), this study tested whether eliminating myotonia improves myopathy by targeting chloride channel 1 (ClC-1) splicing. Genomic deletion of the cryptic ClC-1 exon 7a (E7a) rescued ClC-1 function and permanently eliminated myotonia in muscle. These results indicate that reducing muscle hyperexcitability can ameliorate DM1 muscle pathology and suggest a splicing-targeted strategy for disease modification.

Sipple MT, Hamazaki SA, Todorow V et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

MAM-Localized MANF Counteracts Microinflammatory Stress to Attenuate Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cataractogenesis in High Myopia.

The study investigated how mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) localized to mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) in lens epithelial cells (LECs) under microinflammatory stress in a highly myopic cataract (HMC) model. MANF specifically accumulated at MAMs and attenuated microinflammation-driven mitochondrial dysfunction by safeguarding calcium homeostasis at the ER–mitochondria interface. This mechanistic insight supports targeting MAM-localized MANF-mediated organelle crosstalk as a potential strategy to prevent cataractogenesis in high myopia.

Liu X, Li H, Kang C et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Parallel anterior cingulate cortex pathways underlie dissociable social and attentional outputs.

This study mapped glutamatergic subpopulations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and their downstream projections in relation to social interaction and attentional allocation. Two ACC neuron populations projecting to the zona incerta (ZI) versus the limbic sector of the thalamic reticular nucleus (lTRN) produced dissociable effects on social versus attentional behaviors. These parallel ACC circuit pathways provide a mechanistic framework for why social and attention deficits co-occur in neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Wang F, Chen M, Lyu M et al. · Science advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Developmental genetic determinants of the human cerebrospinal fluid-ventricular system.

This study identified developmental genetic determinants of the human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-ventricular system by analyzing congenital cerebral ventriculomegaly (CCV) genetics. In an integrated multiomic analysis of ~2700 trio-based exomes, about 25% of CCV cases were linked to rare, damaging de novo variants in mutation-intolerant genes, many overlapping with other dominant Mendelian disorders, and the study reported additional exome-wide significant CCV associations. These findings clarify the genetic architecture underlying ventricular enlargement and its frequent association with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Allington G, Dennis E, Li Q et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeting of CH25H to boost p62-dependent autophagic degradation of α-synuclein in cell and mouse models of Parkinson’s disease.

This study tested whether targeting cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) can enhance p62-dependent autophagic degradation of α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Using bulk RNA-seq of substantia nigra from the MPTP mouse model and reanalysis of PD patient iPSC-derived astrocyte datasets, the authors found elevated CH25H expression in PD-associated astrocytes and validated it with fluorescence in situ hybridization for Ch25h and GFAP immunostaining in mice. The work positions CH25H as a potential therapeutic lever to boost autophagic clearance of α-synuclein in PD.

Zhang X, Han R, Zhang W et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Dopamine-driven mitochondrial reverse electron transport in immune cells mediates gut-brain ROS signaling during sleep deprivation.

This study investigated how dopamine-driven mitochondrial reverse electron transport (RET) in immune cells mediates gut-brain reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling during sleep deprivation. In Drosophila, both mechanical and thermogenetic sleep deprivation led to early ROS accumulation in gut subregions (including the proventriculus) and PV-resident hemocytes via upregulation of dopamine biosynthesis, with dopamine acting to activate mitochondrial RET. The findings reveal a gut-immune-mitochondrial signaling pathway that links sleep loss to systemic oxidative stress and inflammation.

Zhang Y, Lee JH, Yu Z et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Microbiology/Virology & Infection Biology (Including Zoonosis)

Virome-wide ubiquitin ligase discovery reveals diverse mechanisms of immune evasion.

This study used a virome-wide approach to discover viral ubiquitin ligases and determine how viruses evade immune recognition by degrading host proteins. Using a library of ~10,000 viral open reading frames with targeted CRISPR screens and proteomics, the authors classified viral ligases into canonical E3 mimics, hijackers that redirect host E3s, and non-canonical ligases that rewire Cullin-RING machinery, converging on immune-related substrates including JAK1 and CUL1β–TrCP. The work provides a mechanistic map of diverse immune-evasion strategies, highlighting ubiquitin-mediated host targeting as a central viral immune escape theme.

Glassman CR, Baek K, Hou G et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Distinct YY dinucleotide periodicity in Adeno-associated virus (AAV) DNA.

This molecular virology study analyzed dinucleotide spacing patterns across Adeno-associated virus (AAV) genomes and other viral genomes to determine whether single-stranded DNA viruses share conserved dinucleotide periodicities. Across 13 primate AAV serotypes, the authors identified a highly conserved ~15 bp periodicity specific to pyrimidine-pyrimidine (YY) dinucleotides (and reverse complements RR) that was unique to the Dependoparvovirus genus and absent from other ssDNA viruses and related helper/satellite viruses. The discovery provides a genus-specific genomic signature that can inform comparative viral genomics and potentially aid in AAV classification or mechanistic studies of genome organization.

Baumgartl C, Becker J, Naber L et al. · Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Structure and receptor recognition of type-II feline infectious peritonitis virus spike glycoprotein.

This study determined the structure and receptor recognition mechanism of type-II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV-II) spike glycoprotein and its interaction with the feline entry receptor cat aminopeptidase N (cAPN). Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), it resolved spike trimer structures for a representative strain (FIPV-1146) and the spike–cAPN complex, revealing receptor-induced conformational transitions between “standing” and “lying” receptor-binding domain states. These structural insights clarify how FIPV-II enters cells and help assess zoonotic risk mechanisms shared with related coronaviruses.

Niu S, Tian Y, Nguyen L et al. · The EMBO journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cattle and human organoids reveal 2.3.4.4b H5N1 cross-species transmission potential and neuraminidase-specific neutralizing antibodies in humans.

Using long-term expandable cattle airway and mammary organoids alongside human airway and nasal organoids, this study assessed cross-species transmission potential of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b and characterized neuraminidase-specific neutralizing antibodies in humans. The virus showed high replicative fitness and strong mammary tropism in cattle mammary organoids, robust replication in cattle airway organoids, and high susceptibility of human airway and nasal organoids. These results highlight a concrete zoonotic risk for 2.3.4.4b H5N1 and support the relevance of neuraminidase-targeted immunity for human countermeasures.

Li C, Yu Y, Wan Z et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cellular heterogeneity of hepatic granuloma formation and evolution in murine schistosomiasis japonica.

This study combined single-cell RNA sequencing with multiplex immunofluorescence to map hepatic immune cell heterogeneity during granuloma formation and evolution in murine Schistosoma japonicum infection. Eggs drove extensive neutrophil recruitment and differentiation, and the authors further validated functional roles for two neutrophil subsets. Defining neutrophil subset dynamics in granulomas advances understanding of schistosomiasis immunopathology and may identify targets to limit fibrosis-driving inflammation.

Wu J, Cao G, Yao J et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Bioengineering, Robotics & AI for Biomedical Research

Roots navigate around decay regions by sensing local pH gradients.

The study investigated how plant roots respond to decaying plant-derived matter in soil by identifying a growth behavior termed “saprotropism” and the underlying sensing mechanism. It found that fungal-driven microbial decomposition releases organic acids that establish stable local pH gradients, enabling roots to bend away from decay without direct contact, with acidic gradients sensed by root epidermal cells through a root meristem growth factor peptide–receptor module. This reveals a previously unrecognized pH-gradient sensing pathway that helps roots navigate hostile decay niches and may guide approaches to manipulate plant–microbe interactions for improved growth.

Bao Z, Wang H, Zhang A et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Autonomous biomedical research with an artificial intelligence agent.

The study introduced Biomni, an artificial intelligence agent designed to autonomously execute biomedical research workflows across domains. Biomni’s action-discovery component mined tools, databases, and protocols from thousands of publications across 25 domains to build a unified agentic environment, and its architecture combined large language model reasoning with retrieval-augmented planning and code-based execution to dynamically compose workflows without fixed templates. The reported benchmarking indicates strong generalization across heterogeneous biomedical tasks, suggesting a scalable path toward reducing repetitive research bottlenecks.

Huang K, Zhang S, Wang H et al. · Science (New York, N.Y.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Identifying critical lysines in mammalian histone H3 with high-throughput CRISPR prime editing.

This study developed a high-throughput CRISPR prime editing platform to systematically mutate mammalian histone H3 lysines in their native genomic context and identify residues required for fitness. Using lysine-to-arginine substitutions benchmarked against synonymous controls, it identified key H3 lysines (including H3K4, H3K9, H3K14, H3K18, and H3K79) whose mutation compromised fitness in mouse embryos. The approach and residue map provide a scalable way to functionally dissect histone modification roles in mammals.

Price D, Zemlyanskiy G, Trakarnphornsombat W et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A blended genome and exome sequencing method captures genetic variation in an unbiased and cost-effective manner.

This study introduced the blended genome exome (BGE) sequencing method, combining low-pass whole-genome (1–4×) and deep whole-exome (30–40×) data in a single run to capture genetic variation cost-effectively. Applied to >53,000 samples from the PUMAS Project (including African, African American, and Latin American populations), BGE produced imputed genotypes with high concordance to Illumina Global Screening Array calls (R2 ≥ 95% for minor variants). This method expands access to large-scale genomic discovery in underrepresented populations while reducing sequencing cost relative to deep whole-genome approaches.

Boltz TA, Chu BB, DeFelice M et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

In vivo feasibility study of humanoid robots in surgery.

This study evaluated the in vivo feasibility of humanoid robots performing surgical tasks in a near-real-world healthcare setting. The authors report that humanoid robotic systems can be deployed for embodied surgical assistance with safe interaction and functional mobility/manipulation in human-designed environments. These findings support the scientific and clinical plausibility of humanoid robotics as a platform for addressing surgical staffing shortages and expanding automation beyond digital/logistical workflows.

Liang Z, Thareja N, Zhang P et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Delphi survey to explore core curriculum for training the next-generation of hepatologists☆.

This Delphi survey studied how to define a globally harmonized core curriculum for training the next generation of hepatologists using a two-round modified Delphi with the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. The key finding was that expert consensus could be reached on core hepatology training content, producing a structured framework suitable for curriculum development. This supports standardized hepatology education internationally, potentially improving workforce readiness for evolving liver disease care.

Xu X, Shi Y, Tacke F et al. · JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Generated automatically on July 10, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.