PubMed Trending Research Digest — July 16, 2026

A curated digest of 97 trending PubMed articles, automatically categorised and summarised across 15 research areas.

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Multiple Myeloma Therapy Optimization EBV-Driven Immunity and CAR-T Approaches in Autoimmunity Cancer Exercise & Cardio-Oncology Interventions Perioperative/Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors Cardiovascular Public Health & Risk Factors Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Diagnosis & Management Cardiometabolic Syndrome, Cancer Risk, and Mechanisms Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Outcomes Genetic Variant Interpretation & Computational Genomics Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Neuroinflammation & Microglial Pathways (TREM2/Pyroptosis) RNA Therapeutics for Neurodegeneration (ALS/α-synuclein/SNCA) CAR-T Engineering for Solid Tumors (HCC/CCRCC/B-cell Malignancies) Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers, Signatures, and Therapeutic Targets Epigenetics, Gene Regulation, and Cellular State Mapping in Cancer

Automated digest · 97 articles · 15 research areas · July 16, 2026

Overview

This week’s digest is dominated by two converging trends: (1) precision immunotherapy—especially checkpoint blockade and CAR-T designs engineered to overcome tumor immune escape—and (2) systems-level biomarker discovery using multi-omics and single-cell/spatial technologies to make those therapies more targeted.

On the cancer side, multiple studies focus on optimizing when and for whom immunotherapy works best: perioperative PD-1 blockade strategies in stage III solid tumors, TIGIT/PD-1 combinations in PD-L1–high NSCLC, and biomarker-enriched approaches such as tsMHC-II selection for gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer. In parallel, CAR-T engineering continues to evolve toward “microenvironment-aware” therapies (e.g., TGFβ-resistant CAR designs for TGFβ-rich HCC and allogeneic CAR-T for refractory ccRCC), while comparative evidence in multiple myeloma suggests CAR-T may outperform engineered antibodies after prior BCMA targeting.

On the neuroscience/immune interface, Alzheimer’s disease research emphasizes generalizable, cross-population molecular signatures and increasingly accessible blood-based prognostic markers (e.g., p-tau217), alongside mechanistic work targeting neuroinflammation pathways (microglial pyroptosis/TREM2-related biology and IL1RL1/ST2 immune signaling). Complementing this, neurodegeneration therapeutic development continues to advance with RNA-targeting strategies for α-synuclein and SOD1-ALS, reflecting a broader shift toward disease-modifying, mechanism-based interventions rather than purely symptomatic care.

Multiple Myeloma Therapy Optimization

Continuous or Fixed-Duration Maintenance Therapy in Multiple Myeloma.

This phase 3 randomized trial studied lenalidomide maintenance duration in standard-risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients who did not undergo upfront autologous stem-cell transplantation. Patients received proteasome inhibitor–lenalidomide induction and were assigned to continuous (indefinite) lenalidomide versus fixed-duration lenalidomide for 2 years, with overall survival as the primary endpoint. Determining whether 2-year versus indefinite lenalidomide maintenance improves survival will directly inform optimal maintenance duration and long-term treatment planning in multiple myeloma.

Kumar S, Jacobus S, Cohen A et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A clinico-radiological evidence of Ayurvedic management for presumed inflammatory/idiopathic pleural effusion: case report.

This case report studied a 34-year-old man with presumed inflammatory/idiopathic pleural effusion treated conservatively with a non-invasive Ayurvedic approach in a resource-limited clinical context. The report describes clinico-radiological improvement while the patient remained clinically stable under the Ayurvedic management strategy. If corroborated in controlled studies, this could support non-invasive complementary options for pleural effusion when standard diagnostic/therapeutic resources are constrained.

Nakanekar A, Pole Y · Frontiers in medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

This study analyzed neurological outcomes, extra-neurological features, mortality, and genotype–phenotype correlations in patients with KCNT1 variants by expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of KCNT1-related epilepsies. The key finding is that KCNT1-associated disease extends beyond the original EIMFS and SHE phenotypes to broader focal epilepsies and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, with additional extra-neurological manifestations and refined outcome correlations. Clinically, this improves variant interpretation and prognosis counseling for patients and families with KCNT1-related epilepsy.

Gras M, Quentin-Romand G, Chemaly N et al. · Brain communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Switching between complement inhibitors in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Analysis of strategy, efficacy, and safety.

This international cohort study examined treatment strategy, efficacy, and safety when switching complement inhibitors in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), specifically for patients established on one proximal inhibitor (PI) who switched to a different complement inhibitor. Across 65 patients (median age 40), the study provides real-world evidence on outcomes after PI-to-different-CI switching, addressing a gap because prior trial protocols focused mainly on terminal C5 inhibitor to PI transitions. The findings are significant for guiding clinicians on safe and effective complement-inhibitor switching decisions in PNH when patients change therapies.

Griffin M, Fattizzo B, Lee JW et al. · HemaSphere · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immune thrombocytopenia: Evolving mechanistic understanding and clinical development of new therapies.

This review article studied the evolving mechanistic understanding of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and how that mechanistic framework informs clinical development of new therapies. It highlights that ITP is a heterogeneous immune dysregulation syndrome involving autoreactive lymphocytes, innate immune activation, complement engagement, and megakaryocytic dysfunction, beyond the older model of primarily antibody-mediated platelet destruction. This mechanistic update is clinically significant because it supports rational development of next-generation treatments targeting multiple immune pathways rather than only broad immunosuppression.

Huang SC, Shen CL, Wu YF · Tzu chi medical journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

In situ generation of EBNA1 CAR-T cells eradicates antigen specific auto-immune B cells for multiple sclerosis treatment.

This preclinical study investigated in situ generation of EBNA1-specific CAR-T cells for multiple sclerosis by using circular RNA (circRNA)-laden CD7-targeted lipid nanoparticles (CD7-LNP) to transiently program T cells. The key finding is that systemic CD7-LNP administration efficiently delivers CAR circRNA to T lymphocytes in vivo, producing CAR-T cells that specifically eradicate EBV-associated antigen-specific autoimmune B cells. Scientifically, this provides a potentially scalable, in vivo CAR-T approach that could reduce EBV-driven B-cell pathology in MS.

Shi C, Han M, Yang H et al. · Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Menopause and epigenetic changes: a review.

This narrative review studied how menopause-associated hormonal changes (estrogen, progesterone, and androgen) relate to epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, genome methylation, and microRNA expression. The key finding is that these epigenetic shifts can influence aging-related processes and immunosenescence, thereby increasing susceptibility to conditions such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. The review is significant because it links endocrine transitions to molecular mechanisms that may identify targets for prevention or intervention around menopause.

Özdemir BG, Çelik Ç · Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Metabotropic glutamate receptor internalization and synaptic AMPA receptor endocytosis by dopamine.

This cell biology study examined how dopamine regulates synaptic receptor trafficking in mouse hippocampal neurons by inducing internalization of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 and mGluR5. The key finding is that dopamine triggers clathrin-dependent but dynamin-independent internalization of both mGluR1 and mGluR5 and promotes downstream synaptic AMPA receptor endocytosis. This is significant for understanding dopamine–glutamate crosstalk mechanisms relevant to synaptic plasticity and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Aruna K, Kulkarni M, Bhattacharyya S · Journal of cell science · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy of Second-Line Lenvatinib After Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab and Durvalumab-Tremelimumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Association with Prior Immunotherapy Response.

This retrospective single-center study evaluated the efficacy of second-line lenvatinib after different first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) regimens in 56 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), comparing atezolizumab–bevacizumab (Atz/Bev) versus durvalumab–tremelimumab (Dur/Tre). The key finding is that prior Dur/Tre exposure was associated with worse disease control and shorter progression-free survival compared with prior Atz/Bev, using RECIST v1.1 and modified RECIST (mRECIST) for response assessment. Clinically, this helps stratify expectations for lenvatinib sequencing after specific ICI combinations in unresectable HCC.

Kuzuya T, Muto H, Tachi Y et al. · Cancers · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prognostic Value of Blood-Based P-Tau217 Levels for Progression to Cognitive Impairment.

This longitudinal cohort study estimated absolute risk and cognitive decline rates associated with baseline plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) in 2684 cognitively unimpaired older adults using harmonized data across multiple observational and clinical trial cohorts. The key finding is that higher blood-based p-tau217 levels predict progression to cognitive impairment, enabling quantification of absolute risk rather than only relative associations. This is significant because it supports p-tau217 as an early, blood-based prognostic biomarker for identifying individuals at elevated risk for Alzheimer-related cognitive decline.

Buckley RF, Townsend DL, Birkenbihl CJ et al. · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Single-cell and spatial multi-omics reveal mechanistic insights of FOLH1+ endothelial cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

This study used integrative single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA-seq to investigate FOLH1+ endothelial cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), where FOLH1 encodes PSMA used for imaging. The key finding is that multi-omics mapping reveals the cellular source and spatial distribution of FOLH1 expression within the tumor microenvironment and provides mechanistic insights into how these endothelial cells contribute to ccRCC biology. Scientifically, this supports improved interpretation of PSMA/FOLH1-based imaging and may identify endothelial-cell pathways as potential therapeutic targets in ccRCC.

Cheng L, Wang X, Huang X et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Age predicts Alzheimer’s in Down syndrome better than MRI, plasma, or cognition.

The study analyzed whether chronological age can differentiate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stages—amyloid positivity, tau positivity, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia—in individuals with Down syndrome using data from the Alzheimer’s Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome. Age showed strong stage discrimination (highest performance for amyloid and tau positivity compared with MRI, plasma biomarkers, and cognition-related measures, assessed via receiver operating characteristic curves and AUC comparisons). This suggests that age-based risk staging may improve clinical prediction of AD progression in Down syndrome when biomarker and imaging resources are limited.

Kennedy JT, Wisch JK, Handen BL et al. · Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The kidney distal tubule potassium switch, modern diet and hypertension.

This review article examined how the kidney distal tubule “potassium switch” signaling—centered on Kir4.1/Kir5.1 potassium sensing and a WNK kinase phosphorylation cascade—links dietary potassium intake to hypertension risk. It highlights that low dietary potassium can shift distal nephron electrolyte handling in a way that promotes blood pressure elevation, with mechanistic implications for prevention and treatment. Clinically, it supports dietary potassium repletion (and targeting the pathway) as a potentially important complement to sodium-focused hypertension strategies.

Welling PA, Delpire E, Ellison DH et al. · Nature reviews. Nephrology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Oxytocin promotes socially triggered cataplexy.

The study investigated whether the prosocial neuropeptide oxytocin promotes socially triggered cataplexy in a mouse model of narcolepsy. Social reunification increased oxytocin tone and activity of oxytocin receptor–expressing neurons in the central amygdala, and an oxytocin antagonist blocked socially induced cataplexy episodes, with chemo- and optogenetic manipulations implicating central amygdala oxytocin-responsive neurons. These findings identify oxytocin signaling as a causal modulator of emotion/social-triggered cataplexy, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for narcolepsy-related symptoms.

Mahoney CE, De Luca R, Joyal AA et al. · Nature neuroscience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis using a transformer model and multi-omics validation in breast cancer.

This multicenter study developed and validated a multi-omics transformer model to noninvasively predict axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in breast cancer using mammography, MRI, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. The model achieved high discrimination (AUC ~0.939 in training and ~0.830–0.867 across three independent validation cohorts) and Grad-CAM highlighted tumor edges and surrounding tissue, outperforming conventional ultrasound. Scientifically and clinically, it supports an imaging-plus-omics deep learning approach to reduce unnecessary invasive ALN procedures and improve staging accuracy.

Liu X, Li F, Xiang Y et al. · NPJ precision oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Distinct molecular subgroups in pediatric and young-onset meningiomas require age-adapted risk stratification.

The study profiled 293 pediatric and young-onset meningiomas (ages 0–39) using integrated histopathological and molecular profiling to define age-specific molecular subgroups and risk stratification. Youth-onset tumors were enriched for NF2 and SMARCE1 alterations with a gain-dominated copy-number landscape (including recurrent chr17q gain), while adult high-risk prognostic features (e.g., chr1p loss) and adult-derived frameworks (WHO grade, methylation-based stratification, integrated risk scores) failed to predict progression in this younger cohort. This indicates that pediatric/young-adult meningiomas require age-adapted molecular risk models rather than extrapolating from adult disease.

Berghaus N, Tauziède-Espariat A, Hielscher T et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Exogenous creatine supplementation promotes tumor metastasis via megakaryocyte creatine kinase B-STAT5B signaling.

The study tested whether exogenous creatine supplementation promotes tumor metastasis through megakaryocyte creatine kinase B (CKB)–STAT5B signaling in mouse models and humans. Creatine increased megakaryocyte creatine levels and upregulated CKB, and unbiased phosphoproteomics identified a CKB-downstream non-canonical STAT5B phosphorylation that activated platelet functional gene programs, resulting in enhanced metastatic behavior. These results raise a mechanistic safety concern for creatine supplementation in cancer contexts and suggest targeting the CKB–STAT5B axis or platelet activation pathway as a potential anti-metastatic strategy.

Xie S, Chen R, Sun X et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies DCAF4 as a novel protector of hepatocellular carcinoma against brachytherapy via stress granule-dependent NRF2 activation.

The study used single-cell transcriptomics to map keratinocyte subclusters in atopic dermatitis by sequencing lesional and non-lesional skin from 42 patients and comparing them with 23 healthy controls. It found that keratinocyte differentiation is disrupted in lesional skin, with a reversed terminal transition largely driven by DK7 cells and LAD-specific regulators (APOD, LYZ, SERPINB4) associated with IL-13/IL-22 signaling, ER stress, and oxidative damage. These results pinpoint keratinocyte subpopulations and pathways that may underlie inflammatory heterogeneity and could inform targeted interventions.

Huang T, He Y, Wang X et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

JAK Inhibitors in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: A 15,427-Patient Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trial and Real-World Outcomes.

The study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15,427 patients to compare effectiveness and safety of JAK inhibitors across inflammatory skin diseases using both randomized controlled trials and real-world outcomes. It evaluated JAK inhibitors in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and hidradenitis suppurativa to synthesize trial and real-world evidence on clinical response and adverse events. The findings aim to guide evidence-based selection of specific JAK inhibitors across multiple dermatologic indications by integrating broader outcome data than trials alone.

Zayed NF, Seetan K, Khamees A et al. · Clinical drug investigation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeting of Gpx8-CSF1 axis resets the immune milieu of lung tumor and overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy.

The study investigated how the Gpx8–CSF1 axis contributes to immune resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) against anti–PD-1 therapy using single-cell spatial transcriptomics and multiple immune profiling platforms (CyTOF, CODEX, and ATAC-seq) in mouse models and humanized systems. It identified elevated glutathione peroxidase 8 (Gpx8) as linked to PD-1 blockade resistance, and Gpx8 knockout suppressed tumor growth while increasing antitumor T-cell infiltration, reducing pro-tumor myeloid enrichment, and promoting tertiary lymphoid structures. This supports targeting the Gpx8–CSF1 immune-modulating axis as a strategy to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in NSCLC.

Zhang H, Ma J, Shi M et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SNORA23-KDM5C epigenetic axis mediates dual DNA repair pathways to drive radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

This study examined the small nucleolar RNA SNORA23 and its interaction with the histone demethylase KDM5C in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), using a chemoradiotherapy patient cohort and mechanistic assays of DNA repair. SNORA23 overexpression promoted intrinsic radioresistance by binding the ARID domain of KDM5C, obstructing KDM5C chromatin binding and derepressing the DNA repair scaffolding gene SFPQ to enhance RAD51 and Ku80 recruitment to DNA double-strand breaks. These findings define an SNORA23–KDM5C–SFPQ epigenetic axis as a mechanistic driver of radioresistance and a potential therapeutic target to improve outcomes in ESCC treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Tian B, Zhang H, Ren J et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lipid sensing and brain hormone receptors in food intake and glucose regulation.

This Review synthesized evidence on how lipid sensing in the gut and kidney regulates food intake and glucose homeostasis via enteroendocrine and brain hormone receptors. It highlights that lipid sensing triggers release of CCK, PYY, GLP-1, and GIP from the small intestine and GDF15 from the kidney, which act through brain pathways to control satiety and systemic glucose regulation, with dysregulation contributing to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The work is clinically significant because it frames nutrient-sensing circuits as actionable targets for interventions such as bariatric surgery, gut microbiota modulation, and pharmacologic therapies.

Garrido AN, Lyons SA, Moslemian D et al. · Nature reviews. Endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical characteristics and predictors of severe pertussis in hospitalized children after the COVID-19 period in Türkiye: a multicenter study.

This multicenter retrospective study evaluated clinical characteristics and predictors of severe pertussis in 839 hospitalized, laboratory-confirmed children across 47 centers in Türkiye during 2023–2024. Severe disease (defined by need for respiratory support and/or encephalopathy and/or cardiovascular dysfunction) was associated with specific demographic, clinical, and laboratory risk factors identified through statistical comparisons. The results are important for early risk stratification and improving clinical management of pertussis in the post–COVID-19 period.

Ocal-Demir S, Canizci Erdemli P, Cakmak Taskin E et al. · European journal of pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers endothelial progenitor-like remodelling driving human coronary atherosclerosis progression.

This study used single-cell RNA sequencing of 27,941 cells from 56 human coronary artery segments to map endothelial cell (EC) remodeling across stages of human coronary atherosclerosis. It identified a disease-stage–increasing endothelial progenitor-like state (EC5SLCO4A1+) whose emergence is driven by PRDM15 via direct transcriptional activation, with extensive crosstalk to other immune and vascular cell programs. These findings provide a stage-resolved cellular mechanism for atherosclerosis progression and nominate PRDM15 and EC5SLCO4A1+ as potential targets for intervention.

Yao F, Li F, Gai S et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A data-driven framework reconstructs the molecular continuum of human MASLD progression.

This work developed a data-driven framework to reconstruct the molecular continuum of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression using cross-sectional human liver transcriptomic profiles. By placing patients along a continuous trajectory rather than discrete histology-defined stages, it resolved ordered activation of regulatory programs and signaling pathways across steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The approach is scientifically significant because it enables more precise, mechanism-linked patient stratification and may improve how MASLD progression is modeled in research and clinical studies.

Kamzolas I, Koutsandreas T, Barker CG et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Macrophage-derived itaconate is a negative regulator of adipose tissue thermogenesis.

This study investigated how macrophage-derived itaconate regulates adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice, focusing on paracrine effects on brown/beige adipocytes. Itaconate acted as a negative regulator by antagonizing uptake of the pro-thermogenic metabolite succinate into brown adipose tissue, thereby repressing thermogenesis. These findings are clinically relevant because they connect innate immune metabolism (itaconate) to energy balance and suggest new targets for metabolic disease involving thermogenic dysfunction.

Tang J, Pernes G, Nakagaki B et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

This study examined whether citrulline influences aging-related lipid deposition and healthspan in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Citrulline deficiency reduced aging-associated lipid accumulation and shortened lifespan, and dietary citrulline supplementation reversed these effects, with aging activating the transcription factor MXL-3 to upregulate pyr-1 encoding ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC). The results are significant because they identify a specific metabolite–transcriptional pathway (citrulline–MXL-3–pyr-1/OTC) that may be leveraged to modulate age-associated lipid storage.

Li C, Wang Y, Xu X et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Molecular basis of DosR-dependent transcription activation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

This study determined the molecular basis of DosR-dependent transcription activation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by solving the cryo-EM structure of an intact DosR-dependent transcriptional activation complex (DosR-TAC) containing Mtb RNA polymerase, DosR, and hypoxic promoter DNA. The structure showed functional DosR dimerization through N-terminal receiver domains and C-terminal DNA-binding α10 helices, revealing conformational rearrangements distinct from an inhibitory configuration. These structural insights are important for understanding how Mtb senses hypoxia to drive dormancy gene expression and could inform future strategies to target latent tuberculosis.

Shi J, Feng Z, Huang Y et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Preclinical characterization and phase 1 clinical testing of targeting mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 in cancer.

This study preclinically characterized and then advanced into phase 1 testing a strategy targeting mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) in cancer, including patient-derived mesothelioma models. It showed that genetic deletion of PRX3 impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and suppressed mesothelioma growth, while pharmacologic inhibition of PRX3 with the natural compound thiostrepton (TS) covalently disrupted redox balance and induced apoptosis. The clinical significance lies in establishing PRX3 as a druggable mitochondrial antioxidant vulnerability and supporting TS-based translation for relapsed/refractory mesothelioma.

Gibson V, Dzialo J, Messier T et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

High ambient temperature activates a neural circuit for gut glucose uptake in male mice.

This study investigated how high ambient temperature (HAT) affects gut glucose uptake in male mice and which neural pathways mediate the response. HAT increased intestinal glucose absorption via SGLT1, and blocking intestinal vagal motor nerve transmission abolished the effect, implicating cholinergic motor neurons from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMVChAT) with an ascending transneuronal pathway from glutamatergic neurons. These findings are significant because they reveal a heat-stress neural circuit that could be targeted to mitigate metabolic and tissue damage during thermal stress.

Li R, Liu M, Zhang Z et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

This study used multiomic profiling across human, murine, and cellular systems to characterize ageing-related, extraskeletal effects of clinical and novel bisphosphonates, focusing on zoledronate-treated aged mice. Spatial transcriptomics showed a shift in cellular composition toward a “young-like” profile in heart, liver, and intestine, with increased expression of genes involved in detoxification, mitochondrial stability, energy metabolism, and antioxidation. These findings support a mechanistic basis for potential systemic anti-ageing benefits of bisphosphonates beyond bone, informing future translational studies of zoledronate’s organ-specific effects.

Lu J, Rao SR, Knowles H et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Subsequent CAR-T and engineered antibody for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma following BCMA-targeted treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated salvage chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy versus engineered antibody therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma after prior BCMA-targeted treatment, pooling 34 studies (n=1280) from 2020–2025. CAR-T achieved a significantly higher overall response rate than antibody-based approaches (77% vs 52%, p<0.0001) with similar complete response rates and comparable rates of cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. The results suggest CAR-T may be the more effective post-BCMA salvage strategy while maintaining a broadly similar toxicity profile, guiding treatment sequencing in R/R MM.

Kang Y, Liu Q, Liu L et al. · Blood cancer journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Ibuprofen vs. acetaminophen for acute mild-to-moderate pain management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of safety with a focus on paediatric populations.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the safety of ibuprofen versus acetaminophen (paracetamol) for acute mild-to-moderate pain in children and adolescents (age 0–18), using randomized controlled trials and extracting pediatric-relevant adverse event data. The key finding was the relative safety profile of ibuprofen compared with acetaminophen across pediatric acute pain trials, with the analysis emphasizing adverse events including gastrointestinal outcomes (details truncated in the abstract). Clinically, the study informs safer first-line analgesic selection for pediatric acute pain by directly contrasting two commonly used non-opioid options in children.

Marseglia GL, Marchisio PG, Milani GP et al. · British journal of clinical pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Real-world outcomes of BrECADD therapy in advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A multicentre retrospective study.

This multicentre retrospective study assessed real-world outcomes of the BrECADD regimen (brentuximab vedotin plus etoposide, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dacarbazine, and dexamethasone) in 100 patients with advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated at 19 cancer centers between July 2023 and October 2025. The study reports real-world effectiveness and tolerability of BrECADD in a contemporary clinical setting, positioning it relative to historical escalated BEACOPP (escBEACOPP). These data help clinicians estimate expected outcomes and toxicity in routine practice for BrECADD as an alternative to more toxic standard regimens.

Porges T, Levi T, Dann EJ et al. · British journal of haematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

SMARCAL1 is a candidate therapeutic target for ALT-positive tumors.

This study investigated whether SMARCAL1, a DNA translocase involved in remodeling stalled replication forks, is a therapeutic target in alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT)-positive, telomerase-negative tumors. Using cancer dependency mapping and experiments across ALT-positive and ALT-negative cancer cell lines and osteosarcoma patient samples, SMARCAL1 emerged as a top selective dependency factor in telomerase-negative contexts. Targeting SMARCAL1 could provide a telomere-biology–based vulnerability for ALT-positive cancers, including osteosarcoma, where survival remains limited.

Taglialatela A, Lee J, Azeroglu B et al. · Genes & development · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2026 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Vascular Graft and Endograft Infections.

This European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2026 clinical practice guideline synthesized evidence and expert opinion to provide recommendations for evaluation and management of vascular graft and endograft infections (VGEI). The key output was a graded set of guideline recommendations (strength class I–III) updating the 2020 version to guide clinical decision-making. These recommendations are intended to standardize care pathways for VGEI and improve outcomes by aligning practice with the best available evidence.

Lejay A, Saleem BR, Barwick TD et al. · European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Novel biomarkers for acute kidney injury in high-risk pediatric populations: a systematic review.

This systematic review evaluated diagnostic accuracy of novel biomarkers for early detection or prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) in high-risk pediatric populations, focusing on studies beyond serum creatinine. Across included observational studies and randomized trials, the review assessed biomarker performance and risk of bias using QUADAS-2 (with specific biomarker results truncated in the abstract). The findings are clinically significant because they identify candidate biomarkers that could enable earlier AKI diagnosis and risk stratification in children at high risk.

Backston K, Buehrer B, Ezgü D et al. · Renal failure · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

LysoPS-GPR34 axis enhances tumor-associated macrophages efferocytosis to promote immune escape in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis.

This study examined how the LysoPS-GPR34 signaling axis enhances tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) efferocytosis to promote immune escape in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. Single-cell transcriptomics and multiplex imaging identified GPR34-high TAM infiltration in metastatic lesions, and functional experiments (details truncated) supported a causal role for LysoPS–GPR34 signaling in TAM-mediated immune evasion. Mechanistically targeting this axis could improve immunotherapy responsiveness by disrupting a key immunosuppressive process in peritoneal metastases.

Lv J, Zhang M, Xiang F et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SOX9-driven SPEM cell lineage plasticity is a potential therapeutic target that mitigates risk of metaplastic progression to gastric cancer.

This study tested whether SOX9-driven spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cell lineage plasticity contributes to gastric carcinogenesis and whether it can be therapeutically targeted. Using two Sox9 knockout mouse models (GCS and GCKS) and related functional experiments (truncated in the abstract), the authors showed that SOX9 is highly expressed in SPEM cells in both human and murine metaplasia and investigated how loss of Sox9 affects metaplastic progression toward gastric cancer. The work positions SOX9-mediated SPEM plasticity as a potential intervention point to reduce risk of metaplastic progression to gastric cancer.

Guenther AA, Ruelas A, Caldwell B et al. · Gastroenterology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Biallelic TXNIP deficiency is associated with a multisystemic metabolic disease.

This study characterized the clinical phenotype and multisystem mechanistic effects of biallelic TXNIP loss-of-function variants in humans by expanding from previously reported cases to a cohort of six additional individuals. The key finding was confirmation of lactic acidosis as the main clinical sign, with added adult-onset cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle involvement among other features (details truncated). Understanding TXNIP’s role in human redox and metabolic regulation can guide diagnosis and potential targeted management for this rare multisystem metabolic disorder.

Scholz JJ, Piel SYL, Evangelakos I et al. · Molecular metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

AdvanTIG-302: Phase 3 Study of Ociperlimab (Anti-TIGIT) + Tislelizumab (Anti-PD-1) Versus Pembrolizumab in Untreated, Locally Advanced, Unresectable, or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 ≥50.

This phase 3 randomized trial studied first-line stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with PD-L1 ≥50% who were assigned to ociperlimab (anti-TIGIT) plus tislelizumab (anti–PD-1) versus pembrolizumab (anti–PD-1) and versus tislelizumab alone (NCT04746924). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) for ociperlimab+tislelizumab versus pembrolizumab, with key secondary endpoints progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR). If the OS benefit is confirmed, dual TIGIT/PD-1 blockade with ociperlimab could establish a new first-line immunotherapy strategy for PD-L1–high unresectable/metastatic NSCLC.

Socinski MA, Reck M, Paz-Ares L et al. · Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Anaphylaxis Clinical Care Pathway: Incorporating Intranasal Epinephrine (Adrenaline).

This clinical care pathway article evaluated an anaphylaxis management algorithm for healthcare providers incorporating intranasal epinephrine (adrenaline) alongside intramuscular (IM) epinephrine. It emphasizes immediate allergen removal, patient positioning, and repeating IM/IN epinephrine every 5–15 minutes for persistent anaphylaxis while optimizing airway/breathing/circulation (ABC) resuscitation. Implementing this standardized pathway could improve time-to-epinephrine delivery and outcomes in settings where IM administration is delayed or impractical.

Dribin TE, Sobolewski B, Campbell RL et al. · The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeted antibody-drug conjugates for rhabdomyosarcoma and other FGFR4-expressing cancers.

This study investigated two FGFR4-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) using the high-affinity monoclonal antibody 3A11 conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) or an exatecan derivative for relapsed/refractory rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and other FGFR4-expressing cancers. In vitro, both ADCs were rapidly internalized and produced FGFR4-dependent cytotoxicity, and in subcutaneous RMS xenograft models they significantly prolonged survival. These preclinical results support advancing FGFR4-ADC strategies (aligned with the 3A11 binder used in an NCI CAR T trial) as targeted options for FGFR4-driven RMS.

Tian M, Jia K, Wu JT et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Brown fat protects against hepatic oxidative stress by remodeling the circulating metabolome.

This study examined how brown adipose tissue (BAT) influences systemic oxidative stress and circulating metabolites by comparing BAT-ablated mice and human cohorts with different BAT activity using comprehensive serum metabolomics and lipidomics. The integrated analyses identified BAT-linked circulating molecular signatures, supporting BAT’s role in clearing circulating branched-chain amino acids and triglycerides and implicating cold-inducible metabolites (including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, truncated in the abstract). These findings suggest BAT activity may confer hepatic protection against oxidative stress through specific circulating metabolite remodeling, informing metabolic and cardiometabolic therapeutic strategies.

Wang D, Li M, Lu T et al. · Cell metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Antigen-restricted Candida albicans Th17 cells link oral-gut immunity and adopt pathogenic features during intestinal inflammation.

This study characterized Candida albicans–reactive Th17 cells in humans by mapping their antigen specificity, T cell receptor clonotypes, and tissue localization across oral and gut compartments during intestinal inflammation. It found that C. albicans–reactive Th17 cells targeted a limited set of proteins enriched in fungal extracellular vesicles, resided mainly in the oral mucosa at homeostasis, and showed shared clonotypes between oral and gut with C. albicans driving repertoire overlap; in Crohn’s disease, C. albicans–specific Th17 cells with oral-priming features were enriched. The work links oral-gut immune connectivity to pathogenic Th17 programming, highlighting C. albicans antigens/extracellular vesicles as potential targets in inflammatory bowel disease.

Martini GR, Hofmann P, Kamps AK et al. · Immunity · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Micro- and nano-plastics in the coronary circulation and air pollution exposure in ischaemic heart disease presentation.

This cross-sectional study quantified micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) in coronary and peripheral blood and assessed associations with air pollution exposure and inflammation across patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Among 61 participants (STEMI n=19, chronic coronary syndromes n=20, and controls with normal coronaries n=22), MNP burden was measured using pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the study evaluated links to exposure and inflammatory status. If confirmed, coronary MNP exposure could represent a modifiable environmental risk factor relevant to ischemic heart disease severity and inflammation.

Paolisso P, Scisciola L, Belmonte M et al. · European heart journal · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Individualised treatment effects of corticosteroids in IgA nephropathy.

This retrospective cohort study developed and validated a causal machine learning framework to estimate individualized treatment effects of systemic corticosteroids in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) using eight international cohorts totaling 1022 patients (VALIGA, CureGN, NURTuRE-CKD). The key finding was that corticosteroid effects varied substantially across individuals and could be predicted using baseline clinical and histopathological classification features within the individualized causal ML model. This supports moving from uniform steroid use toward personalized corticosteroid decision-making in IgAN to improve benefit-risk balance.

Hölscher DL, Schmitz NEJ, Niggemeier L et al. · EBioMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Metabolomic signatures for diagnosis and clinical severity in Parkinson’s disease.

This study aimed to identify plasma metabolomic signatures for Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis and to relate metabolite changes to clinical severity using untargeted plasma metabolomics by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. It analyzed a large Chinese population with two independent early-stage PD groups (one co-truncated in the abstract) to derive and validate robust diagnostic signatures and severity-associated metabolic alterations. If validated, these plasma metabolite panels could enable earlier PD diagnosis and stratification by disease severity using a noninvasive biomarker approach.

Wang Y, Xiang Y, Huang X et al. · EBioMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Inactivation of SERCA2 at Cys674 induces skeletal muscle atrophy by activating the TGFβ/Smad-S100a4 axis to promote inflammation.

This mechanistic study investigated whether inactivation of SERCA2 at the Cys674 active site (modeled as oxidized SERCA2 C674-SO3H) drives disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via the TGFβ/Smad–S100a4 inflammatory axis. Using human atrophied muscle samples, a murine hindlimb suspension model, and a SERCA2 C674S knock-in (SKI) mouse to mimic irreversible oxidation, the authors showed that SERCA2 C674 inactivation activates TGFβ/Smad signaling and increases S100a4-mediated inflammation to promote atrophy. These findings identify the SERCA2 C674–TGFβ/Smad–S100a4 pathway as a potential therapeutic target to prevent or treat skeletal muscle wasting.

Nan F, Liu S, Lei S et al. · Redox biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Postoperative Management After Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Exploratory Reconstructed Individual Patient Data Analysis.

This exploratory reconstructed individual patient data analysis compared postoperative management strategies after pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC): observation alone versus adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) continuation versus adjuvant enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (EV+P) continuation. The study’s goal was to determine which strategy yields the best disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes among these post-pCR approaches. If one strategy shows superior DFS, it could guide evidence-informed postoperative treatment selection for MIBC patients achieving pCR after neoadjuvant therapy.

Yajima S, Yoshida S, Imasato N et al. · Clinical genitourinary cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The JRS guideline for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7th edition 2026.

This article summarizes the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) 7th edition guideline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management in Japan, translating recommendations for stable disease and acute exacerbation phases for adult COPD patients. The guideline formally adopts the GOLD 2023 etiotype classification and updates management goals and treatment strategies across stable and exacerbation settings. Clinically, it provides an updated, Japan-specific framework to standardize COPD diagnosis and treatment decisions and to align practice with contemporary etiotype-based concepts.

Sugiura H, Fujino N, Shibata Y et al. · Respiratory investigation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Identifying carcinogenic hazards among pharmaceutical agents: An update from the IARC Monographs programme.

This IARC Monographs update reviewed how pharmaceuticals were evaluated for carcinogenic hazards to humans, focusing on drugs classified as IARC Group 1, 2A, or 2B between 1971 and 2024 (with priorities extending to 2024–2029). It identifies the evidence types used for hazard classification—human/animal cancer data and mechanistic evidence—and outlines recommended evaluation priorities to guide future epidemiological and mechanistic research. Scientifically, it helps prioritize which pharmaceutical exposures should be studied to strengthen human cancer hazard identification and mechanistic understanding.

Pasqual E, Kunzmann A, Rezende da Silva J et al. · Cancer epidemiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Oral Chinese patent medicine alleviates atopic dermatitis by regulating ALOX15-derived oxylipins disorder.

This study tested whether the oral Chinese patent medicine Wushe Zhiyang Pills (WZP) protects against stress-aggravated atopic dermatitis (AD) in a murine model using repeated DNCB application with or without chronic restraint stress. WZP alleviated AD-like phenotypes under stress by regulating ALOX15-derived oxylipin dysregulation, and the work also aimed to identify WZP bioactive compounds linked to this pathway. These findings suggest a mechanistic, oxylipin/ALOX15-centered basis for WZP’s potential therapeutic effect in stress-exacerbated AD.

Ru N, Guo MZ, Xu H et al. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Allogeneic CD70-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Phase I TRAVERSE Trial.

This phase I TRAVERSE trial evaluated allogeneic CD70-targeted CAR T-cell therapy (ALLO-316) in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGFR-targeted therapy. The study assessed ALLO-316 after lymphodepletion using a modified 3+3 design and reported safety and early efficacy outcomes for the CD70-expressing tumor target. If effective with manageable toxicity, this approach could provide a new option for ICI- and targeted-therapy–refractory ccRCC by leveraging CD70-directed, allogeneic CAR T biology.

Srour SA, Chahoud J, Drakaki A et al. · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Orexin, Sleep, and Cognition in Alzheimer Disease: Non-REM Oscillatory Activity and Neural Resilience.

This prospective observational cohort study in adults aged ≥60 years with symptomatic Alzheimer disease at a tertiary memory clinic in Lleida, Spain examined whether non-REM sleep spindle–slow oscillation (SP–SO) activity relates to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin and moderates associations with cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and AD biomarkers. The key finding was that NREM SP–SO oscillatory features were associated with CSF orexin and helped characterize neural resilience in symptomatic AD. Clinically, linking orexin biology to specific NREM oscillations may improve understanding of sleep-related mechanisms that influence cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric burden in AD.

Paez A, Piñol-Ripoll G, Carnes-Vendrell A et al. · Neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Rituximab Maintenance Added to Ibrutinib-Containing Therapy in Younger, Untreated Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Results From the TRIANGLE Trial.

This secondary analysis of the phase 3 TRIANGLE trial evaluated whether adding rituximab maintenance (RM) to an ibrutinib-containing regimen improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in younger, treatment-naïve mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients. The study compared outcomes in patients receiving ibrutinib-containing therapy without autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) versus with ASCT, and assessed RM’s impact after induction/ASCT response. If RM improves PFS/OS with acceptable toxicity, it would refine the standard-of-care strategy for younger MCL patients treated with ibrutinib-based regimens.

Ladetto M, Gutmair K, Tavarozzi R et al. · Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ALKBH5 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Governs an Epitranscriptomic Axis that Drives Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis.

This mechanistic cancer study investigated how the m6A demethylase ALKBH5 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) regulates an epitranscriptomic axis that drives pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasis. Activated CAFs showed reduced global m6A abundance, and CAF-derived ALKBH5 enhanced pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in vivo. Scientifically, it identifies ALKBH5 as a functional CAF epitranscriptomic regulator and a potential therapeutic target to limit PDAC metastatic progression.

Yin X, Liu XD, Cheng L et al. · Cancer research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Acute exacerbation in fibrotic interstitial lung disease: An International Working Group Report.

This International Working Group report synthesized evidence on acute exacerbations (AEs) across fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF fILD. It summarizes updated data on epidemiology, risk factors, prognosis, and management and proposes revisions to AE definitions and diagnostic criteria applicable across fILD subtypes. Clinically, standardized criteria and an evidence-based management overview aim to improve recognition, stratification, and treatment planning for AE-fILD where effective therapies remain limited.

Khor YH, Luppi F, Adegunsoye A et al. · American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structural basis of a conserved, broad antigenic region surrounding the five-fold axis of foot-and-mouth disease virus revealed by swine neutralizing antibodies.

This study used structural and immunological approaches to define a conserved antigenic region of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) around the five-fold axis targeted by swine broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Four porcine-derived bnAbs broadly neutralized multiple FMDV serotypes (O and A) and convergently targeted a conserved region where residue 204 (K) near the VP1 C-terminus was a key determinant, with the bnAb pO18-10 showing the broadest activity. These structural insights support rational vaccine and therapeutic antibody design aimed at achieving cross-serotype protection against FMDV.

Zhao Q, Wu S, Li F et al. · PLoS pathogens · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sequential evolution of antidote and toxin links genetic incompatibility with immune responses.

This evolutionary genetics study characterized a toxin–antidote (TA) gene pair in the nematode Caenorhabditis nigoni, focusing on how genetic incompatibility arises from TA systems. The antidote gene Cni-shls-2 is a C. nigoni-specific F-box gene formed by recent tandem duplications, and its absence caused embryonic lethality in C. nigoni and in hybrids with Caenorhabditis briggsae. Scientifically, it links TA module evolution to postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms, helping explain how selfish genetic elements can shape immune-like incompatibility outcomes between species.

Xie D, Ma Y, Zeng J et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Repurposing trazodone for Alzheimer’s disease to modulate soluble ST2 levels and alleviate Alzheimer’s pathology.

The study tested whether repurposing the antidepressant trazodone can modulate soluble ST2 (sST2) levels in models of Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on the IL1RL1 gene–encoded ST2 isoforms and microglial amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance mechanisms. Trazodone increased sST2 and alleviated Alzheimer’s pathology by interfering with IL-33/ST2 signaling, thereby supporting improved microglial Aβ clearance. These findings suggest a clinically actionable, drug-repurposing strategy to target IL1RL1/ST2 immune signaling as a disease-modifying approach in Alzheimer’s disease.

Wong DYK, Fu WY, Uhm H et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dopaminergic neurons preferentially accumulate mtDNA rearrangements.

The researchers studied how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements accumulate in vivo by transiently expressing a mitochondrial-targeted restriction endonuclease (mitoPstI) in mice, with emphasis on dopaminergic neurons. mitoPstI expression induced mtDNA rearrangements consistent with recombination hotspots, and dopaminergic neurons showed preferential accumulation of these rearrangements. This mechanistic link between targeted mtDNA double-strand breaks and neuron-specific mtDNA damage helps explain vulnerability in disorders affecting the substantia nigra.

Arguello T, Alcalde Pretel CD, Nissanka N et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A reassessment of NMDA receptor-dependent presynaptic homeostatic plasticity.

This article reassessed whether NMDA receptor-dependent presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) truly exists, analyzing how synaptic homeostasis and PHP are regulated in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. The authors argue that previously described PHP mechanisms can be reinterpreted in terms of NMDA receptor–dependent processes and/or postsynaptic AMPA receptor recruitment rather than a distinct presynaptic-only homeostatic mechanism. Clarifying the role of NMDA receptors in PHP refines fundamental models of synaptic regulation and informs how homeostatic plasticity might be targeted therapeutically.

Chen X, Dou T, Zhang J et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted α-synuclein mRNA degradation by PMO-based RNA-degrading chimeras.

The study developed phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide (PMO)-based RNA-degrading chimeras (RDCs) to selectively bind the 5′ untranslated region of the SNCA transcript and degrade α-synuclein mRNA. The PMO-RDCs enabled targeted α-synuclein mRNA degradation, aiming to lower soluble α-synuclein levels despite delivery and disorder-related challenges. This provides a gene-targeted RNA therapeutic strategy for α-synucleinopathies by directly reducing SNCA expression rather than attempting to bind the intrinsically disordered α-synuclein protein.

Wang N, Hegde S, Tang Z et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Migration-dependent extrafollicular programming of pre-plasmablast age-associated B cells drives lupus pathogenesis.

The researchers studied how migration-dependent extrafollicular (EF) programming of age-associated B cells (ABCs) drives lupus pathogenesis, using single-cell analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient samples and model mice. They identified a distinct pre-plasmablast ABC state (pre-PB ABCs) enriched for autoreactive clones and showed that a migration-dependent program generates these cells and correlates with autoantibody titers. This mechanistic map of EF B-cell trafficking and differentiation highlights potential intervention points to prevent pathogenic autoantibody production in SLE.

Shirai T, Kuzuya K, Kishi M et al. · The Journal of clinical investigation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Engineering aptamer dimers (apdimers) for optimization of synthetic riboswitches.

This work studied how engineering aptamer dimers (apdimers)—fusion aptamers containing two binding pockets—can optimize synthetic riboswitches built from tetracycline and theophylline aptamers. By using rational apdimer design, the authors improved cooperative switching efficiency and reduced background expression compared with conventional single-aptamer riboswitches. The approach offers a faster, less screening-intensive route to build higher-performance RNA regulators for synthetic biology and gene-control applications.

Hedwig V, Müller E, Ketterer S et al. · Nucleic acids research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Disruption of methionine metabolism drives erythroid cell fate reprogramming by remodeling the H3K4me3 landscape.

The study investigated how disrupting methionine metabolism by compromising adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY) affects human erythropoiesis, focusing on epigenetic remodeling of the H3K4me3 landscape. AHCY deficiency reshaped H3K4me3 and caused erythroid cell fate reprogramming, producing non-erythroid lineages and revealing a dedifferentiation trajectory by single-cell RNA sequencing and pseudo-temporal analysis. These results connect methionine-cycle enzyme function to lineage commitment via histone methylation control, with implications for understanding and potentially manipulating human hematopoietic differentiation.

Sun L, Zhang H, Li M et al. · The Journal of clinical investigation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Distinct parafascicular neuronal ensembles mediate the sensory and affective dimensions of trigeminal neuralgia.

The researchers studied trigeminal neuralgia (TN) circuitry by combining human fMRI analysis with a TN mouse model to identify parafascicular nucleus (PF) neuronal ensembles. They found two distinct PF populations: one receiving GABAergic input from the oral spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5O) encoding nociception (sensory pain), and another driven by a glutamatergic Sp5O–lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN)–PF pathway encoding pain-related anxiety (affective pain). This delineation of sensory versus affective TN ensembles provides circuit-level targets for interventions aimed at both pain and comorbid anxiety.

Lu Y, Yi Y, Liu J et al. · The Journal of clinical investigation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Safety and clinical outcomes of a first-in-human trial of point-of-care manufactured trispecific CAR T cells targeting CD19, CD20, and CD22.

The trial studied a first-in-human phase I evaluation of point-of-care manufactured trispecific CAR T cells targeting CD19, CD20, and CD22 with an OX40 co-stimulatory domain in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. The therapy showed no severe cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity and achieved an overall response rate of 50% in the treated cohort. These early safety and efficacy signals support further development of multi-antigen CAR T designs to reduce single-antigen escape in B-cell cancers.

Vasu S, Denlinger N, Song NJ et al. · Blood cancer discovery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Bevacizumab and Platinum Choice in Pembrolizumab-Treated Advanced Cervical Cancer.

This comparative effectiveness study analyzed overall survival in adults with advanced cervical cancer receiving first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy, stratifying outcomes by platinum agent choice and bevacizumab use using a retrospective multinational TriNetX cohort with propensity score matching. The results (as reported in the study) compared OS across these treatment discretionary variables to determine whether bevacizumab and specific platinum backbones were associated with different survival outcomes. The findings are clinically relevant for optimizing real-world pembrolizumab-based regimens in advanced cervical cancer.

Farolfi A, Casadei C, Scarpi E et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Molecular Regulation of Pyroptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Linking Neuroinflammation, Cell Death, and Therapeutic Targeting.

This review synthesized current evidence on pyroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on gasdermin-mediated inflammatory cell death pathways and how microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells contribute to neuroinflammation. It links amyloid-beta and tau–driven microglial initiation of pyroptosis with downstream vulnerabilities such as neuronal oxidative stress and cell-type–specific roles of astrocytes and endothelial cells. The work highlights mechanistic targets within the pyroptosis pathway (gasdermins and upstream regulators) as potential therapeutic entry points to modulate neuroinflammation and cell death in Alzheimer’s disease.

Hsu CY, Raval AD, Bainsal N et al. · Molecular neurobiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Pushing the Boundaries of Topical Therapy in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of Baseline Disease Severity and Burden in Clinical Trials.

This review examined baseline atopic dermatitis (AD) disease severity and patient burden across randomized controlled clinical trials of topical and systemic therapies, drawing on PubMed and Cochrane searches from 2010 to May 2025. It summarizes which patient populations were enrolled in trials of advanced topical agents (e.g., crisaborole, roflumilast, ruxolitinib, tapinarof) and pivotal systemic therapies (e.g., abrocitinib, baricitinib, dupilumab, lebrikizumab, and others). The clinical significance is that trial baseline characteristics can guide clinicians in matching topical or systemic treatments to the severity/burden profiles most likely to respond.

Gooderham MJ, Hong HC, Lynde C et al. · Dermatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparative safety profiles of enzalutamide, olaparib, and lutetium Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan in patients with prostate cancer: a real-world disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database.

This real-world pharmacovigilance study analyzed FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data to compare time-dependent adverse event (AE) reporting profiles for enzalutamide, olaparib, and lutetium Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan in prostate cancer, including sparse reports of concomitant use. Using a retrospective disproportionality approach, it characterized AE patterns over time and described safety signals associated with each agent and their combinations. The findings are clinically relevant for post-marketing risk assessment and for anticipating AE profiles as sequential and combination treatment strategies become more common.

Li R, Li T, Yu J et al. · World journal of urology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Emerging Therapies for Angelman Syndrome.

This review summarized emerging therapeutic strategies for Angelman syndrome, a neurogenetic disorder driven primarily by loss of functional UBE3A (ubiquitin protein ligase E3A) in neurons. It focuses on approaches to restore UBE3A function, including gene replacement and unsilencing of the paternal imprinted allele via mechanisms involving long non-coding RNA–mediated imprinting control. The scientific significance is that targeting UBE3A expression regulation offers a disease-modifying route beyond symptomatic management for patients with Angelman syndrome.

Tychon C, Markati T, Alkan S et al. · CNS drugs · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical significance of EGFR amplification in patients with EGFR-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer receiving first-line osimertinib.

This article discusses obesity as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and reviews how excess adiposity drives kidney injury through hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory mechanisms. It highlights pathways such as glomerular hyperfiltration, podocyte stress, lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, activation of the renin–angiotensin system, and chronic low-grade inflammation, and frames the need for new therapies. The clinical significance is that it supports the development and evaluation of obesity-targeting treatments—particularly novel incretin-based therapies—to prevent or slow CKD progression in obesity-driven disease.

Di Federico A, Pecci F, Jeng M et al. · Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Risk factor obesity: Treatment Standard.

This study assessed the clinical impact of EGFR amplification (EGFRAMP; defined as EGFR copy number ≥6) on outcomes in patients with metastatic EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer receiving first-line osimertinib, using baseline next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Among 473 patients, 17.1% had EGFRAMP, and these patients more often carried TP53 co-mutations than those without amplification. The results suggest EGFRAMP may refine biomarker-based expectations for osimertinib outcomes and could help guide treatment selection in EGFR-mutated metastatic NSCLC.

Mashayekhi M, Qing J, Heidari-Bateni G et al. · Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

EBV-Driven Immunity and CAR-T Approaches in Autoimmunity

CD4+ T cells reactive to Epstein-Barr virus late lytic antigens are enriched in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

This study used an optimized T-cell assay to characterize Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-reactive CD4+ T cells in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and compared them with healthy controls. CD4+ T cells from people with MS predominantly targeted EBV late lytic antigens (late lytic capsid and glycoprotein) rather than latent antigens, and EBV-specific CD4+ responses were about twofold higher in untreated MS; initiation of anti-CD20 therapy reduced these responses. These findings support a mechanism in which EBV late lytic antigen–driven CD4+ immunity is enriched in MS and may be modifiable by anti-CD20 treatment.

Bjornevik K, Mahler JV, Bilodeau PA et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer Exercise & Cardio-Oncology Interventions

Exercise training for cardiovascular prevention in patients with cancer.

This article reviewed evidence on exercise training interventions for cardiovascular prevention in patients with cancer, including supervised modalities such as high-intensity interval training. The key finding across available studies is that exercise training is generally safe and well tolerated and is associated with reduced risk of cancer therapy–related cardiotoxicity and improved well-being. Clinically, this supports incorporating structured exercise programs into cardio-oncology care to mitigate treatment-related cardiovascular risk.

Piepoli M, Cohen-Solal A, Ameri P et al. · European heart journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Perioperative/Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors

Perioperative tislelizumab plus chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer: A randomized, prospective phase 2 trial.

This randomized, prospective phase 2 trial (Mountain-02; NCT06374901) evaluated perioperative tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in 136 operable cT3-4aN+M0 gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer patients, stratified by tumor-specific MHC class II (tsMHC-II) expression. In tsMHC-II–positive patients, adding tislelizumab significantly increased the major pathological response rate (61.8% vs 26.5%) compared with chemotherapy alone. The trial suggests tsMHC-II expression may be a clinically useful biomarker for selecting patients likely to benefit from perioperative PD-1 blockade with chemotherapy.

Xu Z, Hu C, Yang L et al. · Cancer cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Surgical Outcomes of Perioperative Toripalimab in Stage III Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Post Hoc Analysis of the Neotorch Randomized Clinical Trial.

This post hoc analysis evaluated perioperative toripalimab (an anti–PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor) combined with chemotherapy on surgical outcomes in resectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the multicenter Neotorch phase 3 randomized clinical trial. The study assessed perioperative surgical endpoints in patients randomized to toripalimab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy. If perioperative toripalimab improves or preserves surgical outcomes, it would strengthen the evidence base for integrating PD-1 blockade into neoadjuvant/adjuvant strategies for stage III NSCLC.

Fang W, Wang Y, Wang W et al. · JAMA surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Chk1 inhibition emerges as the most effective partner for PARP inhibition in BRCA-proficient pancreatic cancer.

The study evaluated whether ATR, Chk1, or WEE1 inhibitors could potentiate the PARP inhibitor olaparib in BRCA-proficient pancreatic cancer cell lines, including gemcitabine-resistant clones, using MTT viability assays and annexin V–based apoptosis measurements. Chk1 inhibition emerged as the most effective olaparib partner, producing the strongest enhancement of antitumor activity compared with ATR or WEE1 inhibition and with standard chemotherapeutic agents. These findings support Chk1 as a rational combination target to expand PARP-inhibitor benefit in BRCA-proficient pancreatic cancer beyond the limited efficacy seen with PARP inhibition alone.

Morimoto Y, Musha Y, Takeuchi O et al. · Discover oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cardiovascular Public Health & Risk Factors

Extended Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease.

This open-label, randomized multicenter trial in China compared extended dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel plus aspirin for an additional 12 months) versus aspirin monotherapy in event-free patients with multivessel coronary artery disease after 12 months of DAPT following drug-eluting stent implantation. The study design specifically tests whether prolonging DAPT beyond 12 months reduces ischemic events without unacceptable bleeding risk. The findings are clinically important for optimizing long-term antithrombotic strategies in multivessel CAD patients after stenting.

Tian J, Wang Z, Wang Y et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Modifiable Risk Factors and Attributable Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in US States, 1990-2023: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

This systematic analysis used Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 modeling to estimate ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality attributable to modifiable risk factors across US states from 1990 to 2023. The key finding is that IHD deaths are largely driven by modifiable exposures, and the study provides state-level attributable mortality estimates over time. These results can guide health policy by identifying where and which risk-factor interventions could most reduce IHD mortality.

Benziger CP, Stark B, Johnson CO et al. · JAMA cardiology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Diagnosis & Management

Updated Asian consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (2025).

This consensus guideline update reviewed and synthesized new evidence to revise the Asian recommendations for diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The key finding is the establishment of updated, multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment guidance tailored to Asian clinical practice, reflecting differences from Western approaches. Scientifically and clinically, it standardizes contemporary GIST care across pathology, surgery, and medical oncology teams.

Hirano H, Naito Y, Takahashi T et al. · Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cardiometabolic Syndrome, Cancer Risk, and Mechanisms

Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Staging and Cancer Risk: Insights From Proteomic and Metabolomic Mediators.

This study used multiomics mediation analysis to investigate how cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome staging relates to incident cancer risk and to identify mediators in UK Biobank participants. The key finding is that CKM stage is associated with cancer risk and that proteomic and metabolomic mediators help explain this relationship. This provides mechanistic targets for risk mitigation in people with CKM syndrome and links cardiometabolic dysfunction to cancer development.

Xiao X, Li J, Ning Y et al. · JACC. CardioOncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 Constituents and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in China.

This nationwide prospective cohort study examined long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and their associations with coronary heart disease incidence and mortality, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in 101,906 adults in China. The key finding is that PM2.5 constituent–specific exposures show differential relationships with coronary outcomes, consistent with composition-dependent effects. These results improve risk assessment for air-pollution constituents and support more targeted public health interventions in China.

Wang W, Liu H, Li Q et al. · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Genetic Variant Interpretation & Computational Genomics

AAVC: an automated framework for high-accuracy ACMG-based variant classification.

This paper developed AAVC (automated ACMG-based variant classification) and evaluated its performance for diagnostic and research use. The key finding is that AAVC computationally applies ACMG/ClinGen criteria using large public databases and in silico prediction tools and achieves high classification performance (details truncated in the abstract). Clinically, an up-to-date automated ACMG classifier can improve consistency and scalability of variant interpretation for genetic testing.

İnan RA, Kayaalp B, Safieh F et al. · Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗

Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Current and novel biomarkers for predicting and assessing therapeutic response in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.

This systematic review evaluated current and novel biomarkers that predict or assess therapeutic response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), focusing on advanced therapies used in clinical practice. The key finding is that multiple biomarker categories have been studied for predicting response in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, but no single approach yet reliably determines the best therapy for each patient. Clinically, consolidating evidence on predictive biomarkers supports more personalized treatment selection and better outcomes in IBD.

Radford S, John A, Latino-Kelly A et al. · Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neuroinflammation & Microglial Pathways (TREM2/Pyroptosis)

TREM2 in neurodegenerative diseases and acute neurological injuries: mechanisms to targeted therapies.

This review examined the role of the myeloid immune receptor TREM2 in neurodegenerative diseases and acute neurological injuries, focusing on CNS microglia and their signaling partners TYROBP/DAP12 and DAP10. It concludes that TREM2 can be either protective or pathogenic depending on disease stage, pathological substrate, cellular compartment, and local microenvironmental context. These context-dependent mechanisms support the development of targeted TREM2-based therapies tailored to specific neuroinflammatory settings rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.

Wang H, Wen R, Parker E et al. · Cell communication and signaling : CCS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Fibromyalgia.

This narrative review summarized the clinical features and proposed mechanisms of fibromyalgia, emphasizing central nervous system hyperresponsiveness to sensory stimuli and its frequent co-occurrence with other chronic overlapping pain conditions. It highlights that management aims to restore CNS homeostasis (“CNS quiescence”) using pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions, noting that cure is uncommon. The review is clinically significant because it frames fibromyalgia as a CNS-driven disorder that can be effectively managed in primary care despite limited curative options.

Williams DA, Clauw DJ · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

RNA Therapeutics for Neurodegeneration (ALS/α-synuclein/SNCA)

Oligonucleotide-siRNA conjugate for SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a phase 1 trial.

This phase 1 clinical study evaluated RAG-17, an accessory oligonucleotide conjugate–delivered siRNA targeting SOD1, in patients with SOD1-ALS and in preclinical SOD1G93A rodent and cynomolgus monkey models. RAG-17 produced dose-dependent, durable reductions of SOD1 mRNA and protein in the CNS/CSF after intrathecal dosing and showed neuroprotective effects in advanced-stage SOD1G93A rodents. The results support RAG-17 as a CNS-deliverable, gene-silencing therapeutic strategy for SOD1-driven ALS.

Chen W, Jiang L, Duan C et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Development of an RNA aptamer as a therapeutic agent for synucleinopathies.

This preclinical therapeutic study developed the 77-nt RNA aptamer 1R6, selected in vitro to bind α-synuclein (αSyn) residues 1–95, for synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease and related disorders. 1R6 inhibited αSyn oligomerization and β-sheet–rich fibril assembly and promoted disaggregation of preformed fibrils. These findings support RNA aptamer–based targeting of αSyn aggregation as a disease-modifying strategy rather than symptomatic treatment.

Murakami K, Van Nguyen TH, Tsuda L et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

CAR-T Engineering for Solid Tumors (HCC/CCRCC/B-cell Malignancies)

GPC3-specific dnTGFβRII-armoured CAR T cells for hepatocellular carcinoma.

This first-in-human trial tested C-CAR031, GPC3-specific armored CAR T cells engineered with a dominant-negative TGFβ receptor II, in patients with advanced, treatment-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The key reported finding is that the trial evaluated safety and efficacy of this TGFβ-resistant CAR T design, addressing limited prior efficacy likely due to high tumor microenvironment TGFβ. If effective, this approach could improve CAR T performance in TGFβ-rich HCC by combining GPC3 targeting with TGFβ pathway blockade via dnTGFβRII.

Zhang Q, Fu Q, Shen Y et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers, Signatures, and Therapeutic Targets

Cell-type signatures of Alzheimer’s disease shared across population groups.

This study used single-nucleus RNA sequencing and ATAC-seq on post-mortem cortical and subcortical brain regions from Latin, non-Latin white, and African American individuals to identify Alzheimer’s disease–associated cell-type signatures shared across populations. It found that cell-type-specific molecular programs linked to Alzheimer’s disease can be detected across these population groups, with region-specific patterns. These cross-population signatures strengthen the generalizability of single-cell biomarkers and may guide more inclusive, mechanism-based therapeutic targeting in Alzheimer’s disease.

Luquez T, Algoo J, Chiu R et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Epigenetics, Gene Regulation, and Cellular State Mapping in Cancer

Ketogenic diet mediates intestinal tumorigenesis through lipids not ketones.

This mouse study investigated how a ketogenic diet (KD) affects intestinal tumorigenesis in the context of spontaneous intestinal adenoma formation, using dietary, genetic, and metabolic manipulations to separate lipid effects from ketone effects. It found that intestinal tumorigenesis was mediated by dietary lipids rather than circulating ketones. The work has clinical relevance for patients at high risk of small-intestinal tumors (e.g., familial adenomatous polyposis), suggesting that KD lipid composition—not ketogenesis per se—may drive tumor risk.

Shay JES, Chi F, Tzouanas CN et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A spliceosome-independent eukaryote generated by complete intron removal.

This study engineered a spliceosome-independent eukaryote by generating an intron-free synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (SYNE27α) through complete deletion of all 300 spliceosomal introns using Spo11-independent meiosis. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed precise intron excision, and surprisingly spliceosomal components including all five snRNAs and key proteins (Prp8, Prp9, Prp19, Yhc1, Luc7) were no longer required for viability. The results demonstrate that a eukaryotic cell can exist without canonical spliceosomal function, informing fundamental models of genome minimization and RNA processing.

Man X, Zhang WT, Zhang YD et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Generated automatically on July 16, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.

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PubMed Trending Research Digest — July 16, 2026

PubMed Trending Research Digest — July 16, 2026

Overview

Multiple Myeloma Therapy Optimization

Continuous or Fixed-Duration Maintenance Therapy in Multiple Myeloma.

A clinico-radiological evidence of Ayurvedic management for presumed inflammatory/idiopathic pleural effusion: case report.

Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of KCNT1-related epilepsies.

Switching between complement inhibitors in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Analysis of strategy, efficacy, and safety.

Immune thrombocytopenia: Evolving mechanistic understanding and clinical development of new therapies.

In situ generation of EBNA1 CAR-T cells eradicates antigen specific auto-immune B cells for multiple sclerosis treatment.

Menopause and epigenetic changes: a review.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor internalization and synaptic AMPA receptor endocytosis by dopamine.

Efficacy of Second-Line Lenvatinib After Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab and Durvalumab-Tremelimumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Association with Prior Immunotherapy Response.

Prognostic Value of Blood-Based P-Tau217 Levels for Progression to Cognitive Impairment.

Single-cell and spatial multi-omics reveal mechanistic insights of FOLH1+ endothelial cells in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Age predicts Alzheimer’s in Down syndrome better than MRI, plasma, or cognition.

The kidney distal tubule potassium switch, modern diet and hypertension.

Oxytocin promotes socially triggered cataplexy.

Prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis using a transformer model and multi-omics validation in breast cancer.

Distinct molecular subgroups in pediatric and young-onset meningiomas require age-adapted risk stratification.

Exogenous creatine supplementation promotes tumor metastasis via megakaryocyte creatine kinase B-STAT5B signaling.

CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies DCAF4 as a novel protector of hepatocellular carcinoma against brachytherapy via stress granule-dependent NRF2 activation.

JAK Inhibitors in Inflammatory Skin Diseases: A 15,427-Patient Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trial and Real-World Outcomes.

Targeting of Gpx8-CSF1 axis resets the immune milieu of lung tumor and overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy.

SNORA23-KDM5C epigenetic axis mediates dual DNA repair pathways to drive radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Lipid sensing and brain hormone receptors in food intake and glucose regulation.

Clinical characteristics and predictors of severe pertussis in hospitalized children after the COVID-19 period in Türkiye: a multicenter study.

Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers endothelial progenitor-like remodelling driving human coronary atherosclerosis progression.

A data-driven framework reconstructs the molecular continuum of human MASLD progression.

Macrophage-derived itaconate is a negative regulator of adipose tissue thermogenesis.

Citrulline drives age-related lipid deposition for healthspan.

Molecular basis of DosR-dependent transcription activation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Preclinical characterization and phase 1 clinical testing of targeting mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 in cancer.

High ambient temperature activates a neural circuit for gut glucose uptake in male mice.

Multiomic profiling of responses to clinical and novel bisphosphonates reveals extraskeletal effects on ageing related signatures.

Subsequent CAR-T and engineered antibody for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma following BCMA-targeted treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ibuprofen vs. acetaminophen for acute mild-to-moderate pain management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of safety with a focus on paediatric populations.

Real-world outcomes of BrECADD therapy in advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A multicentre retrospective study.

SMARCAL1 is a candidate therapeutic target for ALT-positive tumors.

European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2026 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Vascular Graft and Endograft Infections.

Novel biomarkers for acute kidney injury in high-risk pediatric populations: a systematic review.

LysoPS-GPR34 axis enhances tumor-associated macrophages efferocytosis to promote immune escape in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis.

SOX9-driven SPEM cell lineage plasticity is a potential therapeutic target that mitigates risk of metaplastic progression to gastric cancer.

Biallelic TXNIP deficiency is associated with a multisystemic metabolic disease.

AdvanTIG-302: Phase 3 Study of Ociperlimab (Anti-TIGIT) + Tislelizumab (Anti-PD-1) Versus Pembrolizumab in Untreated, Locally Advanced, Unresectable, or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 ≥50.

Anaphylaxis Clinical Care Pathway: Incorporating Intranasal Epinephrine (Adrenaline).

Targeted antibody-drug conjugates for rhabdomyosarcoma and other FGFR4-expressing cancers.

Brown fat protects against hepatic oxidative stress by remodeling the circulating metabolome.

Antigen-restricted Candida albicans Th17 cells link oral-gut immunity and adopt pathogenic features during intestinal inflammation.

Micro- and nano-plastics in the coronary circulation and air pollution exposure in ischaemic heart disease presentation.

Individualised treatment effects of corticosteroids in IgA nephropathy.

Metabolomic signatures for diagnosis and clinical severity in Parkinson’s disease.

Inactivation of SERCA2 at Cys674 induces skeletal muscle atrophy by activating the TGFβ/Smad-S100a4 axis to promote inflammation.

Postoperative Management After Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Exploratory Reconstructed Individual Patient Data Analysis.

The JRS guideline for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7th edition 2026.

Identifying carcinogenic hazards among pharmaceutical agents: An update from the IARC Monographs programme.

Oral Chinese patent medicine alleviates atopic dermatitis by regulating ALOX15-derived oxylipins disorder.

Allogeneic CD70-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Phase I TRAVERSE Trial.

Orexin, Sleep, and Cognition in Alzheimer Disease: Non-REM Oscillatory Activity and Neural Resilience.

Rituximab Maintenance Added to Ibrutinib-Containing Therapy in Younger, Untreated Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Results From the TRIANGLE Trial.

ALKBH5 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Governs an Epitranscriptomic Axis that Drives Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis.

Acute exacerbation in fibrotic interstitial lung disease: An International Working Group Report.

Structural basis of a conserved, broad antigenic region surrounding the five-fold axis of foot-and-mouth disease virus revealed by swine neutralizing antibodies.

Sequential evolution of antidote and toxin links genetic incompatibility with immune responses.

Repurposing trazodone for Alzheimer’s disease to modulate soluble ST2 levels and alleviate Alzheimer’s pathology.

Dopaminergic neurons preferentially accumulate mtDNA rearrangements.

A reassessment of NMDA receptor-dependent presynaptic homeostatic plasticity.

Targeted α-synuclein mRNA degradation by PMO-based RNA-degrading chimeras.

Migration-dependent extrafollicular programming of pre-plasmablast age-associated B cells drives lupus pathogenesis.

Engineering aptamer dimers (apdimers) for optimization of synthetic riboswitches.

Disruption of methionine metabolism drives erythroid cell fate reprogramming by remodeling the H3K4me3 landscape.

Distinct parafascicular neuronal ensembles mediate the sensory and affective dimensions of trigeminal neuralgia.

Safety and clinical outcomes of a first-in-human trial of point-of-care manufactured trispecific CAR T cells targeting CD19, CD20, and CD22.

Bevacizumab and Platinum Choice in Pembrolizumab-Treated Advanced Cervical Cancer.

Molecular Regulation of Pyroptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Linking Neuroinflammation, Cell Death, and Therapeutic Targeting.

Pushing the Boundaries of Topical Therapy in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of Baseline Disease Severity and Burden in Clinical Trials.

Comparative safety profiles of enzalutamide, olaparib, and lutetium Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan in patients with prostate cancer: a real-world disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database.

Emerging Therapies for Angelman Syndrome.

Clinical significance of EGFR amplification in patients with EGFR-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer receiving first-line osimertinib.

Risk factor obesity: Treatment Standard.