PubMed Trending Research Digest — July 21, 2026

Automated digest · 98 articles · 15 research areas · July 21, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s set of studies, a dominant theme is precision targeting—both at the molecular level (e.g., CLIC1 inhibition in glioblastoma stem cells; DDRGK1/UFMylation inhibition; proximity-based oncogene-induced cell death; and pathway-specific modulation such as uPA–uPAR in hypoxic TAMs) and at the systems level (e.g., proteogenomic mapping of ubiquitin-proteasome system remodeling, and single-cell/organotypic approaches to uncover actionable tumor microenvironment states). Several papers also emphasize improved translational “readouts,” including new PET tracers for TDP-43 pathology, blood-based biomarker models for early-onset dementias, and extracellular vesicle/proteomic signatures to stratify disease phenotypes.

A second major thread is inflammation and immune modulation spanning multiple organs: from chronic inflammation resolution via NOX2-independent ROS signaling prodrugs, to targeted anti-inflammatory topical therapy in atopic dermatitis, to immune-toxicities and supportive strategies in oncology and rare neurodegeneration (including palliative guidance for CJD). In parallel, multiple studies connect metabolic state to disease progression—particularly ferroptosis and redox/mitochondrial control in osteoarthritis and cancers, and incretin-pathway interventions (oral GLP-1 options and microbiome-derived metabolites/peptides) for metabolic and kidney outcomes.

Finally, the digest highlights a strong clinical/real-world and public-health orientation: randomized trials and guideline-impact analyses (statins, immunonutrition, DBS remote programming, RSV prophylaxis, severe aplastic anemia intensification), plus epidemiologic burden estimates (road injuries) and critical-care evidence syntheses (HFNC in COPD exacerbations, prone positioning in ARDS, hemoperfusion during ECMO, and bicarbonate in severe acidemia). Together, these papers illustrate a field moving toward mechanism-informed interventions paired with pragmatic evaluation of safety, access, and population-level impact.

---

Cancer therapeutics & drug mechanisms

A bivalent molecular glue linking lysine acetyltransferases to oncogene-induced cell death.

This work investigated a chemically induced proximity (CIP) strategy using lysine acetyltransferase (KAT)-based TCIPs (KAT-TCIPs) to induce oncogene-induced cell death in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), targeting the oncogenic driver BCL6. The authors reported that KAT-TCIPs redirect p300/CBP to activate cell-death networks repressed by BCL6 and that their lead compound reprograms the epigenome to initiate apoptosis. The findings are significant as a mechanistic foundation for small-molecule, proximity-based therapies that selectively trigger death in BCL6-driven malignancies.

Nix MN, Gourisankar S, Bowman KJ et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ligand regulation and function of preformed EGFR dimers.

The study examined how ligand regulation controls the behavior of preformed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dimers, using structural methods to characterize their organization. Using cryo-EM, it provided a detailed structural view of a preformed EGFR dimer and clarified how such dimers can be regulated beyond simple ligand-induced dimerization. This is significant for cancer biology because it refines mechanistic understanding of EGFR activation states that underpin targeted-therapy responses.

Zuo Y, Schwartz HT, Walker K et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Abemaciclib rechallenge after progression on abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: results from the phase II again study (WJOG14220B).

In the phase II WJOG14220B “again” study, patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who progressed after abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy were enrolled to test abemaciclib rechallenge by switching endocrine partners (aromatase inhibitor/tamoxifen to fulvestrant or fulvestrant to aromatase inhibitor) while continuing abemaciclib. The study’s key finding (reported as results from the trial) is the efficacy of this abemaciclib rechallenge strategy after prior abemaciclib exposure, with progression-free survival as the primary endpoint. This is clinically significant because it provides evidence for a potential treatment sequencing option for HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer patients who have already failed a CDK4/6 inhibitor–based regimen.

Nishimura M, Kogawa T, Sugiyama K et al. · Breast cancer research and treatment · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondrial SLC25A46 Rewires Fatty Acid Oxidation to Promote Cell Proliferation and Ferroptosis Evasion in Ovarian Cancer by Stabilizing CACT.

This preclinical study investigated the role of the mitochondrial carrier/bridging protein SLC25A46 in ovarian cancer, using human ovarian cancer models to test how SLC25A46 affects fatty acid oxidation, proliferation, and ferroptosis. The key finding is that SLC25A46 is upregulated in ovarian cancer and promotes tumor growth by rewiring fatty acid oxidation to increase ATP and NADPH production while stabilizing CACT (carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase) and thereby evading ferroptosis. Scientifically, it identifies an SLC25A46–CACT axis as a mechanistic driver of metabolic adaptation and ferroptosis resistance, suggesting a potential therapeutic vulnerability in ovarian cancer.

Gao Y, Hao J, Zhang X et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Temporal variability in outcomes of identical regimens across newly diagnosed myeloma trials: a systematic review.

This systematic review assessed how progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes for identical myeloma regimens vary across newly diagnosed myeloma trials, focusing on bortezomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (VRd) or lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd) without transplant as control or intervention arms. The key finding was that PFS estimates for the same regimens differed across trials, and the review identified factors such as informative censoring and diagnostic reclassification (post-2014 inclusion of patients previously labeled smoldering myeloma) as contributors. This is clinically important because it cautions against naive cross-trial comparisons when defining expected benefit for specific regimens in multiple myeloma.

Mohyuddin GR, Vaquera-Alfaro HA, Godara A et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted mRNA Delivery Using Bispecific Antibody-Lipid Nanoparticle Complexes.

This work developed a targeted mRNA delivery platform using bispecific antibody–lipid nanoparticle complexes (TbsAb-LNPs) to improve extrahepatic, tissue- and cell-specific uptake beyond conventional LNPs. The key finding was the creation and use of an antibody-based targeting strategy that enables modeling of targeted uptake in vitro prior to in vivo testing, leveraging bispecific binding to LNP polyethylene glycol (PEG) components and a cellular target. This advances the engineering of targeted RNA therapeutics by addressing a major barrier—lack of extrahepatic specificity—for personalized mRNA delivery.

Hickey JC, Roach T, Cassaidy B et al. · Molecular pharmaceutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Inhibition of the Metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Metastasis via the PEDF/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

This study evaluated the role of the metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis and tested whether ADAMTS5 inhibition suppresses metastatic behavior via the PEDF/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ADAMTS5 was higher in CRC tissues than in paracancerous tissues, and inhibiting ADAMTS5 reduced CRC metastatic potential by modulating PEDF/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results position ADAMTS5 as a mechanistic target for limiting CRC spread through a defined pro-metastatic signaling axis.

Sun X, Zhang H, Hu Y et al. · Cancer medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dual-targeting pharmacological UFMylation inhibition reprograms tumor and immune microenvironments to achieve long-term glioblastoma regression.

This study developed and characterized two pharmacological UFMylation inhibitors that target the UFMylation E3 ligase complex core protein DDRGK1—osimertinib (via a covalent mechanism) and CP-24 (non-covalent)—and tested their effects on glioblastoma tumor and immune microenvironments. Both compounds disrupted the DDRGK1–UFL1 interaction, globally suppressed UFMylation, inhibited ER-phagy, and induced ER stress, leading to long-term glioblastoma regression. These findings suggest that dual DDRGK1-targeted UFMylation inhibition can reprogram the tumor–immune microenvironment and may represent a new therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.

Tan P, Liu Z, Hu X et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

RNA modifications in cancer: regulators of tumor evolution and therapeutic response.

This review article synthesized evidence on RNA modifications—including m6A, m1A, m5C, m7G, pseudouridine (Ψ), and A-to-I editing—and how their dysregulation drives tumor evolution and therapeutic response across cancer types. It highlights that “writers,” “readers,” and “erasers” of epitranscriptomic marks control transcript stability and translation efficiency, thereby shaping adaptive tumor behavior and treatment sensitivity/resistance. The significance is that mapping and mechanistically targeting RNA-modification pathways could enable new therapeutic strategies and improve precision oncology.

Gu X, He Y, Xu Z et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ADSL drives fumarate mediated scrib-rictor complex formation to promote metastasis dissemination in triple-negative breast cancer.

This mechanistic study in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) investigated how the metabolic enzyme ADSL drives fumarate-mediated formation of the SCrib-Rictor complex to promote metastatic dissemination. Using untargeted metabolomics, chemoproteomic succination profiling, interaction analyses, and in vivo metastasis models, the authors identified ADSL-linked fumarate signaling as a driver of the pro-metastatic complex formation and TNBC spread. Scientifically, it links a specific metabolic gene (ADSL) to a defined molecular complex and provides a potential target axis for anti-metastatic therapy in TNBC.

Fan Y, He X, Deng W et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-world outcomes of triplet therapy with gilteritinib, azacitidine and venetoclax in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-mutated relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia: A UK single-centre experience.

This UK single-centre real-world study evaluated triplet salvage therapy with gilteritinib plus azacitidine plus venetoclax in relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia patients. The regimen achieved an overall response rate of 100% with a major complete response (mCRc) rate of 93%, and 62% of patients proceeded to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant with 50% remaining in long-term remission. These findings suggest the triplet combination can serve as a highly active bridge to transplant in FLT3-mutated R/R AML in routine clinical practice.

Chan WY, Al-Yousuf H, Lam HPJ et al. · British journal of haematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SLC25A51 and mitochondrial NAD⁺ transport in acute myeloid leukemia: mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and translational perspectives.

This review/synthesis examined how the mitochondrial NAD+ transporter SLC25A51 controls mitochondrial redox balance, oxidative phosphorylation, and TCA cycle activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with emphasis on therapeutic implications. The key finding is that SLC25A51 is positioned as a primary mitochondrial NAD+ transporter whose activity supports leukemic proliferation and survival by sustaining mitochondrial metabolism. Clinically, targeting the SLC25A51–mitochondrial NAD+ axis is proposed as a translational strategy to overcome AML metabolic dependencies and resistance, particularly relevant to older patients.

Rong C, Chen R, Lou H et al. · Human cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

ATR activity regulates DNA replication and RNA polymerase II transcription during S-phase.

This mechanistic study investigated how ATR kinase activity regulates DNA replication and RNA polymerase II transcription during S-phase. The key finding was that ATR controls transcriptional dynamics by modulating RNA polymerase II loading—either reducing loading on genes or accumulating it at promoters to prevent gene-body progression—coordinated with which genes are replicated at that time. This advances understanding of how cells prevent transcription–replication conflicts to maintain genome stability during S-phase.

Wang J, Pathak S, Jones M et al. · iScience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

E3 ubiquitin-ligase Hakai regulates LRP4 stability and Wnt/β-catenin signalling in colorectal cancer cells.

This study examined the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hakai in colorectal cancer cells and its impact on LRP4 stability and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Using tumoursphere models, loss-of-function approaches, proteomics, bioinformatics, and Wnt pathway assays, the authors found that Hakai depletion reduced tumoursphere formation, cancer stem cell marker expression, and Wnt target gene activation, consistent with Hakai regulating LRP4 stability via ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms. The scientific significance is that Hakai–LRP4–Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be a tractable pathway to suppress colorectal cancer stemness and therapy resistance.

Rodríguez-Alonso A, Jove L, Alfonsín G et al. · iScience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Isotype-switched antibodies originating from tertiary lymphoid structures can antagonize ovarian cancer progression.

The study examined intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and tested whether TLS-derived isotype-switched antibodies could antagonize tumor progression. In ~14% of HGSOC cases, TLS harbored oligoclonal IgA/IgG B cells whose dominant B-cell receptor (BCR) sequence was used to engineer a recombinant antibody that inhibited growth of autologous tumors in vivo by targeting the extracellular domain of the tumor-promoting receptor GPR85. These findings support a mechanism by which TLS-driven, isotype-switched humoral immunity can be harnessed for precision antibody strategies against GPR85-positive ovarian cancer.

Mandal G, Biswas S, Anadon CM et al. · iScience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-cell and longitudinal transcriptomics-guided engineering of FZD1-targeting precision nanotherapy against osteosarcoma cancer stem cells.

The study used single-cell and longitudinal RNA-sequencing to characterize osteosarcoma cancer stem cells (OCSCs) and to guide engineering of FZD1-targeting precision nanotherapy. It identified transcription factor 7 like 1 (TCF7L1)-associated transcriptional activity linked to OCSC stemness and implicated frizzled class receptor 1 (FZD1)-associated Wnt/β-catenin signaling as an upstream driver, then leveraged FZD1 as a therapeutic target for nanotherapy. This is clinically relevant because it connects OCSC stemness programs to a druggable pathway (FZD1/Wnt-β-catenin) and supports targeted nanotherapeutic intervention.

Chen Z, Li Z, Yu W et al. · Bioactive materials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

An Unusual Presentation of Philadelphia Chromosome Positive B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Isolated Osteolytic Lesions at Diagnosis: A Case Report.

This case report described a 56-year-old Caucasian woman with Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ B-ALL) presenting with isolated osteolytic lesions at diagnosis and reportedly normal bone marrow evaluation. The key finding was that despite the typical expectation of diffuse marrow involvement in Ph+ B-ALL, the disease initially manifested predominantly as skeletal lesions, making diagnosis challenging. This is clinically significant because it highlights an atypical presentation of BCR-ABL1–driven leukemia that can mimic other bone disorders and requires careful diagnostic workup.

Zhang T, Jamy O, Rangaraju S · Case reports in hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Preclinical study of an optimized AAV cancer vaccine in a spontaneous canine model of oral melanoma.

This preclinical study evaluated an optimized multivalent adeno-associated virus (AAV) cancer vaccine encoding melanoma antigens GP100, tyrosinase (Tyr), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) in eight companion dogs with spontaneous oral melanoma. Dogs received either 3×10^12 or 9×10^12 viral genomes per dog, and post-vaccination monitoring assessed safety and preliminary antitumor effectiveness. If durable immunogenicity and tumor control are confirmed, this AAV GP100/Tyr/TRP-1 vaccine could provide a clinically relevant translational platform for melanoma immunotherapy in a spontaneous large-animal model.

Ghersa F, Yung C, Molina E et al. · Molecular therapy. Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Repurposing Triamterene as Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 Inhibitor via Ligand-Based Approach: A Novel Adjuvant Treatment for Glioblastoma.

This study investigated whether the diuretic triamterene can inhibit chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) as a repurposed, ligand-based alternative to metformin in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Whole-cell electrophysiology showed triamterene blocks CLIC1 activity in GSCs (reported EC50 ~200-fold lower potency than metformin’s CLIC1 effect, based on the truncated abstract). Targeting CLIC1 with triamterene could provide a more druggable adjuvant strategy for glioblastoma by suppressing GSC proliferation.

Barbieri F, Cianci F, Tremonti BF et al. · Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Malignant melanoma identified within a pulmonary sequestration- a case report.

This case report studied a patient with malignant melanoma arising within a congenital pulmonary sequestration (PS), specifically an intralobar PS surgically resected. The key finding was that malignant melanoma was identified within the sequestration, described as (to the authors’ knowledge) the first reported melanoma occurring in this setting. Clinically, the report highlights that rare malignancies can develop in congenital lung malformations, supporting careful pathological evaluation of resected PS specimens.

Bečejac T, Penavić M, Vrančić M et al. · Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict Potential Drug-Drug Interactions of TPN171, a Novel Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor.

This study built and validated a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential and dosing for TPN171, a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor metabolized primarily by CYP3A4. The key finding was that the PBPK model, validated using clinical DDI data with itraconazole (strong CYP3A4 inhibitor) and rifampin (strong CYP3A4 inducer), could then predict exposure changes (AUC0-t ratios, truncated) with moderate and mild CYP3A4 modulators and inducers. This supports safer co-administration guidance for TPN171 with common CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers in patients needing PDE5 inhibition.

Tian G, Chen T, Li L et al. · CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cancer diagnostics & imaging

Development and characterization of a novel TDP-43 positron emission tomography tracer: [18F]JNJ-TDP43-1.

This study developed and characterized a novel PET tracer, [18F]JNJ-TDP43-1, designed to bind TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregates across fluorescent labeling, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), autoradiography, and brain PET imaging in rats, nonhuman primates (NHPs), and a disease mouse model. The key finding was that [18F]JNJ-TDP43-1 demonstrated specific binding to TDP-43 pathology and supported in vivo PET characterization across the tested species/models. A validated TDP-43–targeting PET tracer could enable earlier diagnosis and accelerate therapeutic development for TDP-43 proteinopathies such as ALS/FTD and related conditions.

Xia CA, Salarian M, Gartshore CJ et al. · Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cancer microenvironment, immunity & biomarkers

Redefining functional high-risk multiple myeloma in the context of upfront quadruplet therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

This study analyzed 310 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with upfront quadruplet therapy plus autologous stem cell transplantation (QUAD+ASCT) to redefine functional high-risk (FHR) multiple myeloma in the modern treatment era. The key finding was that the historical FHR definition (progression within 18 months with expected overall survival <2 years) may not optimally capture risk under QUAD+ASCT, prompting identification of alternative cutoff(s) associated with subsequent outcomes. This refines risk stratification for patients receiving contemporary therapy and can guide treatment intensification or trial enrollment decisions.

Ravi G, Dhakal B, Callander NS et al. · Cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Pan-cancer proteogenomic interrogation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

This pan-cancer proteogenomic study interrogated the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) by integrating harmonized proteomic and genomic data from up to 11 CPTAC cohorts to determine how cancer-driver alterations remodel UPS protein composition. The analysis showed that mRNA levels poorly predict UPS protein abundance, identified recurrently dysregulated E3 ligase sets across cancers, and demonstrated that somatic mutations—especially TP53 loss—produce coherent UPS protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) signatures. By connecting mutations to proteome-wide UPS remodeling, the work provides a framework for identifying UPS vulnerabilities and prognostic UPS protein programs across tumor types.

González-Robles TJ, Khan M, Sastourné P et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tumor evolution: signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

This review studied the concept of tumor evolution using Darwinian principles and summarized signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic targets that emerge from evolutionary dynamics in cancer. It emphasizes that high-throughput sequencing, single-cell and spatial omics, lineage tracing, computational modeling, and noninvasive biopsy approaches are increasingly used to dynamically characterize heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectories. The significance is that evolutionary-informed targeting may help overcome adaptive plasticity and improve treatment design for advanced cancers.

Zhang KY, Zhu XZ, Yan YX et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Exosomes in cancer drug resistance: dual roles in therapy failure and emerging precision therapeutics.

This translational review studied how tumor-derived exosomes contribute to cancer drug resistance while also serving as emerging precision-therapeutic tools. It reports that exosomal cargo such as P-gp and PD-L1 proteins and miR-21/lncRNA H19 nucleic acids can activate PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling, remodel the tumor microenvironment, and promote immune evasion and metabolic reprogramming. The clinical significance is the proposed “exosome paradox,” which frames how exosomes can be both blocked to prevent therapy failure and engineered for targeted treatment delivery.

Tegegne BA, Belew H, Teffera ZH et al. · Cancer cell international · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Cellular Heterogeneity and Identifies Novel Therapeutic Targets in Osteosarcoma.

This study used single-cell RNA sequencing on an osteosarcoma tissue sample (GSM4952363) analyzed with the Seurat pipeline (v4.3.0) to map cellular heterogeneity and identify therapeutic targets. By applying quality control, dimensionality reduction (PCA/UMAP), and unsupervised clustering (Louvain algorithm), the authors identified distinct tumor microenvironment cell populations and novel candidate targets. The scientific significance is that single-cell resolution can reveal actionable vulnerabilities in osteosarcoma beyond bulk transcriptomics, supporting development of targeted therapies.

Li H, Sun C, Yang M · International journal of genomics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hypoxia tumor-associated macrophages facilitate hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via uPA-uPAR pathway.

This study investigated how hypoxia shapes tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) heterogeneity to drive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis, focusing on the uPA–uPAR pathway. Using integrated multiple single-cell RNA sequencing datasets and a machine learning framework to map hypoxia at single-cell resolution, the authors characterized hypoxic TAMs (H-TAMs) with transcriptomic/functional assays including pseudotime trajectory analysis, regulatory network inference, in vitro co-culture, and orthotopic mouse models (details truncated). The key significance is that hypoxic TAMs promote HCC metastasis via uPA–uPAR signaling, identifying a potential therapeutic axis to block metastatic progression in HCC.

Wang Y, You X, Luo X et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Neurodegeneration & brain disorders

Mitochondrial-derived vesicles drive budding-type fission of damaged lysosomes.

The study investigated a lysosomal renewal mechanism called budding-type fission (B-fission) during hypoxia-reoxygenation stress in cells, focusing on how mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) regulate lysosome fragmentation. It found that damaged lysosomes form membrane buds that undergo scission into small, fully functional lysosomes independently of autophagic lysosome reformation, with MDVs delivering the fission adaptor MFF to recruit DRP1 to lysosomes. This identifies an MDV–MFF–DRP1 pathway as a targetable route to restore lysosomal function under stress, with implications for diseases involving lysosomal dysfunction.

Luo Y, Yu J, Li Z et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Unlocking Sulforaphane’s Potential in Friedreich Ataxia: Further Evidence from Preclinical Investigations Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Sensory Neurons.

This preclinical investigation used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons from a Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) patient with 550 GAA repeats in the FXN gene to compare sulforaphane (SF) with the approved therapy omaveloxolone (Omav) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF). The key finding is that sulforaphane shows additional or comparable effects on FXN expression and related epigenetic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways in these patient-derived neurons. The clinical significance is that it strengthens the rationale for sulforaphane as a potential therapeutic or adjunct strategy for FRDA beyond the currently approved omaveloxolone.

Yang W, Thompson B, Miellet S et al. · Antioxidants & redox signaling · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Small Extracellular Vesicles From Cardiomyocytes Activate Microglia Aggravating HFpEF.

This study examined how small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from cardiomyocytes influence neuroinflammation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) using a mouse model combining a long-term high-fat diet with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME. The key finding is that cardiomyocyte-derived sEVs activate hypothalamic microglia and aggravate HFpEF-associated pathology, and that microglial depletion with PLX3397 mitigates sympathetic activation (as part of the mechanistic pathway). This is significant because it links cardiac extracellular vesicle signaling to hypothalamic microglial activation, identifying a potential target for HFpEF therapies aimed at neuroinflammation.

Men L, Wang Q, Ren B et al. · Circulation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Soluble high-molecular-weight amyloid-β species derived from amyloid-β-laden brains induce cerebral β-amyloidosis.

This study investigated whether soluble high-molecular-weight (>150 kDa) amyloid-β (Aβ) species isolated from amyloid-β-laden brains of amyloid-β precursor protein transgenic mice or from Alzheimer’s disease patients can act as aggregation seeds in vivo. Intrahippocampal injection of these soluble >150 kDa Aβ species dramatically accelerated cerebral β-amyloidosis in transgenic mice compared with controls, indicating strain-like seeding activity linked to molecular weight. These findings strengthen the concept that specific Aβ “seed” properties can drive pathological spreading and may inform future seed-targeted therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease.

Kashiwagi-Hakozaki M, Uchigami H, Naka Y et al. · Brain communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Distribution of Big Tau Isoforms in the Human Central and Peripheral Nervous System.

This study characterized the distribution and disease relevance of “big tau” (tau isoforms containing exon 4a) across the human central and peripheral nervous system using mass spectrometry (MS) sequencing and mapping. Big tau isoforms showed distinct anatomic enrichment in CNS and PNS regions and were assessed in postmortem tissues from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and controls. Defining big tau’s regional composition and disease association advances tau biomarker and mechanism research beyond canonical “small tau” isoforms.

Koppisetti RK, Barthélemy NR, Horie K et al. · Annals of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Blood-based multimodal biomarker models for differentiating early-onset Alzheimer’s disease from frontotemporal dementia: a longitudinal study of early-onset dementia and family members (LEAF) study.

This longitudinal LEAF study evaluated blood-based multimodal biomarker models to differentiate early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) from early-onset frontotemporal dementia (EOFTD) in patients aged ≤65 years. In 185 participants (EOAD n=150, EOFTD n=35), plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 measured by immunoassays showed high diagnostic discrimination (reported AUCs of 0.831 and 0.862), alongside additional biomarkers including neurofilament light (NfL) and GFAP. The significance is improved diagnostic accuracy for early-onset dementias using blood biomarkers, potentially enabling earlier and more precise clinical stratification.

Kwon HS, Moon SY, Hwang M et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Multidisciplinary recommendations for palliative and supportive care in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related disorders.

A multidisciplinary expert panel developed recommendations for palliative and supportive care in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related prion disorders, focusing on clinicians and care teams managing patients and families. The key output was structured guidance addressing prognostic uncertainty, rapidly evolving symptom management, and caregiver distress in the context of rare, fatal neurodegeneration. These recommendations aim to standardize and improve supportive care delivery for CJD patients despite limited familiarity and fast clinical deterioration.

Ng M, Grundy A, Appleby B et al. · Age and ageing · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Late-pregnancy oxytocin alleviates neuroinflammation and hyperalgesia in chronic migraine model via PVN to NTS oxytocinergic projections and ECM-receptor interaction signaling.

This study used a pregnant chronic migraine rat model to investigate how late-pregnancy oxytocin modulates neuroinflammation and hyperalgesia via paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) oxytocinergic projections and extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor signaling. Late-pregnancy oxytocin was associated with upregulated oxytocin expression in PVN and NTS and with functional effects consistent with reduced inflammatory signaling and pain hypersensitivity. The work provides mechanistic support for pregnancy-associated migraine improvement and identifies PVN→NTS oxytocinergic pathways and ECM-receptor signaling as potential therapeutic targets.

Wang L, Zeng Z, Zhou Y et al. · Brain, behavior, and immunity · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Remote programming versus standard in-person programming following deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a randomised controlled trial.

This randomized controlled trial studied remote programming (RP) versus standard in-person programming (SP) for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease patients who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS surgery. The key finding was that RP was non-inferior to SP for improving motor symptoms (with the trial designed as an open-label, non-inferiority RCT in China). Scientifically and clinically, RP could expand access and convenience for DBS management without sacrificing motor benefit.

Wan X, Zhou Y, Huang P et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Differential Proteomic Landscape of Plasma Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Parkinson’s Disease with and without RBD: A Pilot Investigation.

This pilot investigation profiled neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (nEVs) from plasma of 28 participants across Parkinson’s disease with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (PD-RBD), Parkinson’s disease without RBD (PD-noRBD), and controls. Using L1CAM immunocapture followed by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), the study quantified 1354 proteins and identified 239 differentially expressed proteins between groups. These proteomic signatures could support molecular biomarker development to distinguish aggressive PD-RBD from other PD phenotypes.

Zhou Y, Zhang W, Lu Y et al. · International journal of nanomedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Psychiatric genetics & mental health

Genome-wide association analyses of borderline personality disorder identify 11 loci and highlight shared risk with mental and somatic disorders.

This genome-wide association study meta-analysis examined genetic risk for borderline personality disorder (BPD) in European-ancestry participants, using 12,339 cases and 1,041,717 controls for discovery and 685 cases and 107,750 controls for replication. The authors identified 11 independent associated loci and 9 risk genes, estimated SNP heritability at 17.3%, and showed polygenic scores predicting 4.6% of BPD liability-scale variance with shared risk across mental and somatic disorders. These findings refine the BPD genetic architecture and support pleiotropic biological links that could inform future risk prediction and mechanistic research.

Streit F, Awasthi S, Hall ASM et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Gut microbiota-driven metabolites modulate the development of stress-related mental disorders.

This review synthesized evidence that gut microbiota-driven metabolites influence the development of stress-related mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. It highlights that microbiota biotransform dietary and host substrates into circulating metabolites that can modulate host physiology relevant to stress pathology. The article frames gut-microbiome metabolite pathways as potential mechanistic targets and therapeutic leads for stress-related psychiatric conditions.

Yuan M, Qin F, Wu L et al. · Translational psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cardiovascular disease & thrombosis

Activity-based proteomics analysis revealed that DNJ directly targeted ATP5F1 to alleviate high glucose induced cardiomyocyte injury.

This study investigated the cardioprotective mechanism of the natural alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in a high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury model. Using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to identify direct DNJ-binding targets, the authors found DNJ directly targeted ATP5F1 and used mechanistic assays to show this alleviated mitochondrial injury and cardiomyocyte damage under high glucose. Clinically, defining ATP5F1 as a DNJ target supports DNJ as a potential therapeutic candidate for diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Li X, Chen Y, Yang H et al. · Cell communication and signaling : CCS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cocaine-Provoked Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis: A Potential Cause of Coronary Embolism and Cardiac Arrest.

This case report described a 48-year-old woman with active cocaine use and Factor V Leiden mutation who suffered out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Coronary angiography showed thrombotic left circumflex occlusion without atherosclerosis, and CT identified a nonocclusive left superior pulmonary vein thrombus as a likely embolic source of coronary artery embolism. The report highlights cocaine-associated thrombosis and pulmonary vein thrombosis as potential, underrecognized causes of coronary embolism and sudden cardiac arrest.

Patel H, Flaker G · JACC. Case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Renal disease & kidney therapeutics

Sodium bicarbonate therapy in severe metabolic acidemia: an individual patient data meta-analysis of the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 trials.

This individual patient data meta-analysis studied intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy versus no bicarbonate in adults with severe metabolic acidemia (pH ≤ 7.20) from the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 randomized trials. The key outcomes were 90-day mortality and renal replacement therapy (RRT) use, with prespecified subgroup analyses to detect heterogeneity of treatment effects. Scientifically and clinically, it addresses whether bicarbonate provides benefit in severe acidemia and identifies which patient subgroups may derive the most advantage.

Fosset M, Pensier J, Jabaudon M et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Time-Updated Hematuria and Kidney Disease Progression in IgAN.

This longitudinal cohort study evaluated the time-updated relationship between hematuria burden and kidney disease progression in 1771 participants with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Hematuria was categorized into <10, 10 to <20, 20 to <100, and ≥100 red blood cells (RBC)/µl, and the primary endpoint was a composite of 40% eGFR decline or kidney failure analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models. Defining how hematuria over time predicts progression could improve risk stratification and guide monitoring thresholds in IgAN.

Tang C, Si FL, Chen P et al. · Kidney international reports · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Advances in the management of Hepatorenal syndrome.

This review summarized advances in the management of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), focusing on updated diagnostic criteria for HRS-AKI and current treatment principles in patients with cirrhosis. It highlights that management centers on intravascular volume expansion plus vasoconstrictor therapy, with emphasis on treatment selection and timing. Improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches could reduce progression to renal failure in this high-mortality syndrome.

Jothimani D, Khan S, Devireddy S et al. · Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Metabolic disease, obesity & fatty liver

Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether lifestyle modification reduces intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) in human participants, synthesizing evidence from PubMed and Embase studies. Across included trials, lifestyle interventions were assessed for their effect on IPFD as an ectopic fat depot linked to endocrine and exocrine pancreatic disease risk. The findings are clinically relevant because they clarify whether lifestyle change can target IPFD, potentially informing prevention strategies for pancreatic metabolic and degenerative conditions.

Ahmad S, Sul HH, Danpanichkul P et al. · Current obesity reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of Dapagliflozin (Sodium-glucose Transport Protein 2 Inhibitor) on Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

This randomized controlled trial tested whether dapagliflozin (10 mg/day), an SGLT2 inhibitor, improves liver steatosis and fibrosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In 24 weeks, 64 participants were randomized 1:1 to dapagliflozin plus standard care (n=34) versus standard care alone (n=30), with outcomes including changes in liver steatosis and related metabolic/liver parameters (details truncated). If effective, dapagliflozin could provide a dual metabolic and hepatic benefit for MASLD patients with T2DM.

Ayaz S, Husaini SHM, Ashraf H et al. · Annals of African medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Diabetes & incretin-based therapies

Durability and Safety of Imeglimin as an Add-On to DPP-4 Inhibitors in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes: The 104-Week FAMILIAR Trial.

This multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial (FAMILIAR) evaluated imeglimin 1000 mg twice daily as an add-on to DPP-4 inhibitors in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes over 104 weeks, including a 24-week double-blind phase followed by an 80-week open-label extension where all received imeglimin. The key finding was that imeglimin provided sustained HbA1c reduction through week 104 with an overall safety profile suitable for long-term use, with particular attention to elderly patients. This supports imeglimin as a durable, long-term intensification strategy for Japanese patients inadequately controlled on DPP-4 inhibitor monotherapy.

Shimoda M, Osonoi T, Iwamoto M et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Peptide LKLKLL is a more effective component of Akkermansia muciniphila which regulate glucolipid metabolism through GLP-1/GIP dual modulation.

This study investigated the defined Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) bioactive hexapeptide LKLKLL and its effects on glucolipid metabolism in STC-1 enteroendocrine cells and in high-fat diet-induced obese and diabetic mouse models. LKLKLL improved metabolic outcomes by enhancing GLP-1 and GIP secretion (GLP-1/GIP dual modulation) and improving glucose tolerance while reducing body weight in obese mice. The work supports LKLKLL as a more translational, component-based alternative to live AKK for metabolic disease interventions targeting incretin pathways.

Li Y, Ye D, Fu C et al. · Gut microbes · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy and safety of HRS-7535, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with diabetic kidney disease (SOLID-DKD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

This phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial evaluated the oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist HRS-7535 in adults with diabetic kidney disease (UACR 300 to <3000 mg/g and eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m²) in China. The study’s central finding was the efficacy and safety profile of HRS-7535 as add-on therapy under contemporary high-intensity diabetes/kidney care, compared with placebo. If confirmed in full results, HRS-7535 could represent a non-peptide oral GLP-1 option to improve kidney outcomes in diabetic kidney disease.

Lv R, Peng L, Xu Y et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Respiratory medicine & critical care

Prone positioning in ARDS.

This narrative review summarized the evidence base for prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including intubated patients with PaO2/FIO2 <150 mmHg and awake prone positioning (APP) used during and beyond the COVID-19 era. The key finding is that prone positioning is an established lung-protective mechanical ventilation strategy that consistently improves oxygenation, with APP showing promising results but requiring further confirmation in non-COVID and routine ICU settings. Scientifically and clinically, the review supports prone positioning as a core ARDS intervention while highlighting the need for broader, confirmatory data to standardize APP use.

Ehrmann S, Li J, Liu L et al. · Intensive care medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The Airway Transcriptome in Type 2 Cytokine Biomarker-High and -Low Severe Asthma.

This study analyzed clinical and airway transcriptomic data from bronchial biopsies and brushes in the UK Refractory Asthma Stratification Programme cohort, comparing corticosteroid-resistant severe asthma patients with type 2 (T2) biomarker-high (n=18), -intermediate (n=23), and -low (n=11) phenotypes plus 20 healthy controls before and after high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The key finding was that airway molecular pathways differ by T2 biomarker status, with distinct dysregulated gene programs emerging particularly in T2-low severe asthma where T2 cytokine activity is suppressed. These results suggest pathway-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets for severe asthma patients who do not respond to T2-directed mechanisms despite ICS treatment.

Shen J, Chaudhuri R, Bicknell S et al. · Allergy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Alveolar Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes Exacerbate Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction Through HDAC2 Signalling.

This study examined how cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed alveolar epithelial cell-derived exosomes affect histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) signaling and skeletal muscle dysfunction in the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), using a cigarette smoke exposure model and the exosome inhibitor GW4869. CS-exposed exosomes exacerbated skeletal muscle dysfunction by promoting HDAC2-related signaling pathways, and blocking exosome release with GW4869 mitigated this injury. These findings suggest that alveolar epithelial exosome–HDAC2 crosstalk is a mechanistic driver of COPD-related sarcopenia and a potential therapeutic target to prevent extrapulmonary muscle decline.

Li C, Ou M, Jiang G et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hemoperfusion during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 8,151 patients.

This updated systematic review and meta-analysis studied whether hemoperfusion added to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO + HP vs ECMO alone) improves outcomes in adults receiving ECMO, pooling 8,151 patients across trials. Across prespecified subgroups by study design (RCT vs non-RCT), ECMO type (VA vs VV), and etiology (cardiogenic shock vs cardiac arrest), the analysis evaluated all-cause mortality as the primary endpoint and assessed safety and bias using RoB 2.0/ROBINS-I with Trial Sequential Analysis. Clinically, the findings aim to clarify whether hemoperfusion is beneficial and safe as an adjunct strategy during ECMO for critically ill adults.

Xie T, Yang C, Tao H et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Physiological Outcomes.

This systematic review assessed the impact of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on clinical and physiological outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, comparing HFNC with conventional oxygen therapy (COT) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Across 14 primary studies (7 randomized trials and 7 observational cohorts) identified through PRISMA-guided searches up to 2025, the review synthesized outcomes in acute and chronic hypercapnic COPD. The findings are intended to inform evidence-based selection of respiratory support strategies when NIV is poorly tolerated and COT provides limited benefit.

Al Nufaiei ZF, Hakeem JZ · International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Inflammation, immunology & autoimmune disease

Immune-Enhancing Nutrition and Outcomes After Radical Cystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial tested whether perioperative specialized immunonutrition reduces 30-day complications compared with standard oral nutrition support in adults undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. The study enrolled patients in the SWOG S1600 phase 3 trial across 13 US sites and compared outcomes over the early postoperative period. The significance lies in determining whether an immunonutrition intervention can improve surgical outcomes in a high-complication population.

Hamilton-Reeves JM, Unger JM, Holzbeierlein JM et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Deucravacitinib in Active Psoriatic Arthritis: Efficacy and Safety up to 52 Weeks From the Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 POETYK PsA-2 Trial.

This randomized, double-blind phase 3 POETYK PsA-2 trial evaluated deucravacitinib, an oral selective TYK2 inhibitor, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who were biologic-naïve or had prior TNF inhibitor exposure, with follow-up up to 52 weeks. The key finding is the reported efficacy and safety of deucravacitinib compared with placebo (and apremilast as a safety reference arm), using ACR20 improvement as the primary endpoint. Clinically, the results support the long-term benefit–risk profile of deucravacitinib for managing active PsA in a defined trial population.

Mease PJ, Chandran V, Armstrong AW et al. · Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Tailored strategies to overcome third-generation TKI resistance in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

This review article summarized resistance mechanisms to EGFR-targeted therapy in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discussed tailored strategies to overcome third-generation TKI resistance. The key finding is that resistance can arise via on-target EGFR alterations (e.g., EGFR C797S and other secondary kinase mutations), off-target pathway activation (e.g., MET or HER2 amplification, RAS–MAPK signaling, oncogenic fusions), or neuroendocrine transformation to small-cell lung cancer. The scientific significance is that it provides a framework for selecting next-line, mechanism-informed treatment strategies based on tumor molecular profiling to improve outcomes after third-generation TKI failure.

Saporita I, Farinea G, Lombardi E et al. · Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ruxolitinib cream in adults with moderate atopic dermatitis after failure of other topicals: A randomized trial.

This randomized trial evaluated ruxolitinib cream in adults (≥18 years) with moderate atopic dermatitis who had inadequate response, intolerance, or contraindications to topical corticosteroids (TCS) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI), reporting 8-week outcomes from the TRuE-AD4 study (NCT06238817). The key finding was that topical ruxolitinib provided clinical benefit over the study comparator in this post–TCS/TCI population, with efficacy assessed using measures including IGA and EASI and itch severity. This supports ruxolitinib cream as a targeted topical anti-inflammatory option for moderate AD when standard topical therapies fail.

Carrascosa JM, Prajapati VH, Hong HC et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeting BLyS and APRIL with Telitacicept versus Conventional Immunotherapy in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: A Comparative Study.

This retrospective real-world comparative study evaluated telitacicept versus conventional immunotherapy in 215 patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who were AChR-antibody positive (AChR-Ab+), using propensity score matching (1:1; 35 per group). The key finding was that targeting BLyS and APRIL with telitacicept showed differences in treatment response and safety relative to conventional regimens in this broader real-world AChR-Ab+ gMG population. These data help validate whether telitacicept’s efficacy and tolerability observed in trials translate to routine clinical practice.

Yang Y, Kang N, Zhu Y et al. · ImmunoTargets and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy of magnesium-calcium ionic oral rinse for primary burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied whether a magnesium-calcium ionic oral rinse improves symptoms and safety in patients with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS). The intervention was an oral rinse containing magnesium-calcium ions compared with placebo, targeting the proposed local modulation of the oral mucosal ionic microenvironment. The clinical significance is determining whether a locally delivered ionic therapy can reduce chronic orofacial burning symptoms without systemic adverse effects.

Carrió N, Garawani BE, Alahmad A et al. · BMC oral health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Eltrombopag Added to Standard Immunosuppressive Treatment as Front-Line Therapy for Severe Aplastic Anemia: Long-Term Outcomes of the Phase-3 Randomized Superiority EBMT-SAAWP RACE Study.

The phase 3 EBMT-SAAWP RACE randomized trial studied eltrombopag added to horse antithymocyte globulin (hATG) plus cyclosporine A (CsA) as front-line immunosuppressive therapy in 197 treatment-naive patients with severe aplastic anemia. The 2-year analysis reported a significantly higher cumulative incidence of complete response with hATG/CsA plus eltrombopag (arm B) than with standard hATG/CsA alone (arm A). This supports eltrombopag as an effective intensification strategy to improve early hematologic response rates in severe aplastic anemia treated with first-line IST.

Risitano AM, Iacobelli S, Kulasekararaj A et al. · American journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparative Endophthalmitis Rates of Anti-VEGF, Corticosteroid Implants and Anti-Complement Injections: An IRIS® Registry Analysis.

Using the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® registry, this retrospective cohort analysis compared acute endophthalmitis rates within 30 days after intravitreal injections across anti-VEGF agents, corticosteroid implants (fluocinolone acetonide: Iluvien/Yutiq; dexamethasone: Ozurdex), and anti-complement therapy (avacincaptad pegol: Izervay; pegcetacoplan: Syfovre), in both pediatric and adult patients. The study’s key finding was the comparative incidence of endophthalmitis across these injection types based on national real-world data from 2016–2024. Clinically, the results inform relative infection-risk counseling and surveillance strategies for patients receiving different intravitreal therapeutics.

Zhang YS, Chaaya C, Goldberg EA et al. · American journal of ophthalmology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-independent inducers of neutrophil extracellular traps promote resolution of chronic inflammation.

This study investigated NOX2-independent strategies to promote resolution of chronic inflammation by targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling using N-alkylaminoferrocene-based prodrugs (pro-NAAFs) in experimental models. The key finding was that pro-NAAFs amplify pre-existing ROS rather than indiscriminately generating ROS, thereby restoring inflammation-resolving ROS signaling without requiring NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). Scientifically, it suggests a potentially safer therapeutic direction for chronic inflammatory diseases where NOX2 activity is impaired or insufficient.

Euler M, Hattab O, Borah Slater K et al. · Redox biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SIRT7-mediated desuccinylation of FOXO4 suppresses ferroptosis to alleviate LPS-induced acute lung injury.

This mechanistic study examined how SIRT7-mediated desuccinylation of FOXO4 affects ferroptosis and inflammation in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The key finding was that SIRT7 acts as the desuccinylase required for FOXO4 activation and nuclear localization, which suppresses ferroptosis and alleviates ALI. These results position the SIRT7–FOXO4 axis as a candidate molecular target to therapeutically modulate ferroptosis in acute lung injury.

Shen K, Wei Y, Xu H et al. · Redox biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Babesiosis-associated HLH in an immunocompetent adult: Host-driven hyperinflammation at low parasitemia.

This case report investigated babesiosis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in a 32-year-old immunocompetent man with very low parasitemia (0.01%). Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy with atovaquone and azithromycin, the patient developed worsening cytopenias, hemolysis, and hypertriglyceridemia consistent with host-driven hyperinflammation. The clinical significance is that HLH should be considered even with low-level Babesia microti parasitemia in immunocompetent adults, to avoid misdiagnosis as sepsis.

Kiarie P, Karthikeyan M, Kawai F · IDCases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Dual Response to CD20xCD3 Bispecific Therapy: Remission of Relapsed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and Improvement in Immune Thrombocytopenia.

This case report described an 81-year-old woman with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising from marginal zone lymphoma and longstanding immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). After treatment with R-CHOP and then a CD20xCD3 bispecific antibody regimen (reported as achieving complete metabolic remission), the patient also showed improvement in immune thrombocytopenia. The clinical significance is that CD20xCD3 bispecific therapy may simultaneously control relapsed lymphoma and coexisting autoimmune cytopenias like ITP.

Virdi RK, Alrifai T · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Maintenance therapy with once or twice daily budesonide orodispersible tablets after budesonide viscous solution in eosinophilic esophagitis.

The study evaluated eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients who switched maintenance therapy from budesonide viscous solution (BVS) to budesonide orodispersible tablets (BOT) at the same 1 mg dose given once daily (OD) or twice daily (BID). The key finding was that switching to BOT after BVS was associated with maintained or improved histological, endoscopic, and clinical outcomes while assessing safety in a real-world observational cohort. This matters because it informs optimal maintenance regimens for EoE by comparing BOT dosing schedules after off-label BVS use.

Defrancq J, Raymenants K, Tack J et al. · Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dexamethasone Alone versus Combined with Droperidol for Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Gynecological Day Surgery Under Ciprofol-Alfentanil Anesthesia: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial.

This randomized double-blind controlled trial compared dexamethasone alone versus dexamethasone plus droperidol for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in gynecological day surgery patients under ciprofol-alfentanil anesthesia. The key finding was that adding droperidol to dexamethasone improved PONV prophylaxis outcomes relative to dexamethasone plus normal saline while evaluating safety in 268 randomized patients. The results are significant for perioperative antiemetic strategy optimization in gynecologic ambulatory surgery under ciprofol-alfentanil.

Sun X, Xiao H, Li M et al. · Drug design, development and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-World Dose Adjustment and Switching of Interleukin-17/23 Inhibitors for Thai Psoriasis.

This retrospective real-world study characterized dose adjustment and switching patterns among Thai psoriasis patients treated with IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors. It found that across 173 treatment courses (secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab, and guselkumab), clinicians commonly modified dosing and switched biologics in response to inadequate response or adverse events, with outcomes tracked across these real-world changes. The study is important because it documents pragmatic effectiveness/safety management strategies for biologic optimization in routine care.

Chaiyabutr C, Paringkarn T, Woramongkol T et al. · Dermatology research and practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome after CD19-directed CAR T-cells for B-cell lymphoma and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A LYSA, SFCE, and GRAALL study from the DESCAR-T registry.

This multicenter retrospective study used real-world data from the DESCAR-T registry to characterize immune effector cell-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome (IEC-HS) after standard-of-care CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. The key finding was that IEC-HS incidence, clinical features, management approaches, and outcomes could be systematically described in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) or B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) who met ASTCT criteria. This is clinically important because it improves understanding and risk management of a serious, less-characterized CAR T toxicity beyond CRS and ICANS.

Gower N, Houot R, Pizot C et al. · HemaSphere · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prolonged CD38 targeting with felzartamab in antibody-mediated kidney transplant rejection: a biomarker-guided open-label phase 2 extension.

This open-label phase 2 extension studied prolonged CD38 targeting with felzartamab in 11 kidney transplant recipients who had recurrent or persistent antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after stopping treatment in a prior placebo-controlled trial. Patients received felzartamab 16 mg/kg IV for an additional 12 months with 6 months fixed dosing followed by 6 months donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA)-guided dosing. The biomarker-guided strategy aims to improve durability of AMR suppression while informing feasibility and optimal duration of sustained CD38 antibody therapy.

Mayer KA, Diebold M, Schrezenmeier EV et al. · The Lancet regional health. Europe · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Anakinra treatment practices in colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever: a survey of pediatric rheumatologists conducted through the PReS AID-WP and the Turkish pediatric rheumatology associations.

This survey-based study characterized real-world anakinra treatment practices among pediatric rheumatologists managing colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever (cr-FMF). It included pediatric rheumatologists with at least one year of experience and assessed practices for initiation, tapering, and discontinuation of the recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. The results can inform consensus-building and identify gaps in pediatric cr-FMF management strategies regarding how and when to use anakinra.

Atamyıldız Uçar S, Tunce E, Sözeri B · Expert opinion on biological therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Infectious disease & vaccines

Viral protease-initiated lytic cell death as a universal antiviral mRNA therapy.

The study developed and tested viral protease-initiated lytic cell death (VID), a universal mRNA therapeutic platform, by engineering gasdermin-D (GSDMD) with viral protease-specific cleavage motifs and evaluating it using hepatitis A virus (HAV) as a model in vivo. It found that lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated VIDA mRNA selectively triggered lytic death in virus-infected cells, abolished HAV viral replication and shedding, and mitigated liver injury. This is clinically significant because it suggests a broadly applicable, protease-gated mRNA strategy to eliminate virus-infected cells while limiting off-target effects.

Li L, Yan XL, Wang HY et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clesrovimab in Infants at Increased Risk For Severe Disease During 2 RSV Seasons: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial evaluated clesrovimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, in infants at increased risk for severe RSV disease across two RSV seasons, comparing clesrovimab (105 mg) with palivizumab in season 1 and assessing safety/tolerability of 210 mg clesrovimab in season 2. The study focused on children who remained at risk for severe disease and measured safety and pharmacokinetics across seasons. Clinically, it informs whether extended prophylaxis with clesrovimab maintains acceptable safety for ongoing high-risk infants.

Zar HJ, Bont LJ, Manzoni P et al. · JAMA pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Divergent Autophagy Pathways in Plasmodium: Mechanisms, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.

This review summarized how autophagy operates in the malaria parasite Plasmodium, focusing on the parasite’s reduced but functional set of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and how these pathways differ from yeast and mammalian systems. The key finding highlighted ATG8 as a central marker/effector with branched localization and association with the apicoplast membrane, implying roles beyond canonical autophagy. This synthesis supports Plasmodium-specific autophagy components as potential therapeutic targets for malaria by exploiting pathway differences unique to the parasite.

Rajput S, Mehra P, Nandi R et al. · Molecular microbiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 coronavirus vaccine: Long-term safety and immunological responses.

This prospective follow-up study assessed long-term safety and immunological responses to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) coronavirus vaccine in participants from early pre-licensure trials, many of whom later received additional UK vaccination. The key findings included the capture of serious adverse events (SAEs) and adverse events of special interest (AESIs) over a median follow-up of 11.77 months (with substantial total person-month follow-up), alongside characterization of longer-term immune responses. The study provides evidence supporting the vaccine’s longer-term tolerability and immunogenicity in a real-world follow-up context.

Ebrahimi N, de Whalley P, Kanji N et al. · Vaccine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Modeling tonsil organoids for studying mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

The study developed a human tonsil organoid platform and stimulated it with the chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 68-19 spike vaccine candidate (AdC68-19S) to model mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Using flow cytometry to profile cellular immune phenotypes and immunofluorescence to assess spatial organization, the authors characterized germinal-center–relevant immune responses within the organoid system. This provides a human in vitro model to better evaluate mucosal vaccine immunogenicity and germinal center dynamics before clinical testing.

Gao Y, Wang W, Wang YY et al. · Tissue barriers · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Musculoskeletal & regenerative medicine

Mitochondria-targeted MXene-based nanozymes promote mitophagy and inhibit mtDNA-triggered cGAS/STING inflammation in osteoarthritis.

This preclinical study developed a mitochondria-targeted MXene-based nanozyme (MS@PMXene-TK) for osteoarthritis and tested its ability to promote mitophagy and suppress mtDNA-triggered cGAS/STING inflammation. The key finding was that the nanozyme’s mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131) and ROS-responsive thioketal-linked PEG-TK shell enabled subcellular ROS-responsive action that enhanced mitophagy while inhibiting cGAS/STING inflammatory signaling driven by mitochondrial DNA. This provides a mechanistically grounded nanotherapeutic strategy to couple mitochondrial quality control with innate immune pathway suppression in osteoarthritis.

Li T, Zheng A, Zhu C et al. · Bioactive materials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Electroacupuncture Treatment on Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Haemodialysis: An Effective Therapy.

This randomized controlled clinical study assessed whether electroacupuncture (EA) improves sarcopenia outcomes in 36 maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients, compared with a control group continuing usual care. EA was delivered 24 sessions (30 minutes each, three times per week) and was reported as an effective therapy for sarcopenia in this population. The findings support EA as a potentially practical adjunct intervention to improve muscle health in patients with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis.

Chen R, Qian Q, Wang B et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lyophilized platelet derived extracellular vesicles promote hemostasis and attenuate intracranial hemorrhage following traumatic brain injury.

This preclinical study evaluated whether lyophilized platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (LPEVs) promote hemostasis and reduce intracranial hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a murine model. LPEVs were characterized by flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Nanosight, and were tested in vitro on human brain endothelial cell monolayers for blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity before in vivo efficacy assessment. The significance is that LPEVs could represent a transfusion-adjunct strategy to limit ICH and preserve BBB function following TBI.

Trivedi A, Miyazawa B, Fields AT et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Organoid-loaded core-shell cryomicroneedles induce biomimetic follicular units and hair regeneration.

The study investigated organoid-loaded core-shell cryomicroneedle arrays designed to generate biomimetic follicular units and promote hair regeneration. The key finding was that the microneedle platform enabled controlled, de novo hair follicle regeneration with improved emergence and reduced clustered/disordered growth compared with approaches that mainly modulate existing follicles. This provides a tissue-engineering route for restoring hair density in bald areas using organoid delivery via precision microneedle geometry.

Xiao L, Chen P, Tang Y et al. · Bioactive materials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Injectable microsphere-based delivery strategies for stem cells and their derivatives in tissue regeneration.

This review summarized injectable microsphere-based delivery strategies for stem cells and their derivatives (especially exosomes) in tissue regeneration. It found that microsphere carriers can address major clinical barriers of direct cell/exosome administration—low retention, rapid clearance, and limited spatiotemporal control—by enabling minimally invasive, localized, and tunable delivery. The work is significant because it consolidates design principles for translating stem-cell/exosome therapies into more controllable regenerative treatments.

Liang R, Chen J, Huang J et al. · Bioactive materials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GFRα2 identified in TBI-induced bone healing is a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis via osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

The study investigated whether GFRα2 identified in traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced bone healing could serve as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis, using a mouse TBI plus femoral fracture model. Using micro-CT, histomorphometry, and transcriptome sequencing alongside in vitro assays (qPCR, Western blot, ALP/Alizarin Red staining, co-culture, and ELISA), it found that GFRα2 promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis, supporting a mechanistic link between TBI-driven repair and potential osteoporosis therapy. This is significant because it proposes GFRα2 as a novel osteogenic/angiogenic target for developing osteoporosis treatments.

Ti H, Zhang Z, Kang H et al. · Journal of orthopaedic translation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Signal-driven interplay between lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis orchestrates osteoarthritis degeneration.

This mechanistic study examined how lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis interact to drive osteoarthritis (OA) degeneration, focusing on reactive lipid peroxidation aldehydes such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). It proposes that electrophilic aldehydes modify signaling pathways and extracellular matrix/protein function (including NF-κB and MAPK) and that persistent oxidative stress converges on iron-dependent ferroptosis. Clarifying this lipid-peroxidation–ferroptosis signaling axis could identify new therapeutic targets to slow cartilage degeneration and inflammatory signaling in OA.

Kulyar MF, Pachaleva J, Brazaite S et al. · Journal of orthopaedic translation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cysteine metabolism dysregulation promotes ferroptosis in osteoarthritis: Insights from multi-species bioinformatics and experimental validation.

This study integrated multi-species bioinformatics with experimental validation to test whether cysteine metabolism dysregulation promotes ferroptosis in osteoarthritis (OA) and whether L-cysteine supplementation is beneficial. Using conserved transcriptomic signatures across murine (GSE112641), rat (GSE118559), and human (GSE114007) OA cartilage, and validating with proteomic/metabolomic profiling of human OA cartilage, it then mechanistically tested IL-1β–stimulated inflammatory chondrocytes (details truncated). If supported experimentally, targeting cysteine metabolism to modulate ferroptosis could offer a metabolic intervention strategy for OA progression.

Zheng L, Yang Z, Chen S et al. · Journal of orthopaedic translation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clinical spectrum and ascertainment pathways in pediatric female dystrophinopathy.

This single-center retrospective case series studied the clinical spectrum, ascertainment pathways, subclinical muscle involvement, and inheritance patterns of pediatric female dystrophinopathy in 35 girls with genetically confirmed DMD gene variants. The key finding was that presentations ranged from asymptomatic at evaluation to subtle childhood onset with variable skeletal muscle and cardiac involvement, and that ascertainment route (symptom-driven vs other pathways) differed from cross-sectional clinical status. Defining these patterns improves recognition and genetic counseling for female DMD carriers/affected females and supports more tailored clinical surveillance.

Jiao H, Bai J, Li P et al. · Italian journal of pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Regenerative potential of extracellular vesicles from endometrial mesenchymal stem cells for modulating fibrosis and wound healing.

This study examined the regenerative and anti-fibrotic effects of extracellular vesicle–enriched preparations derived from human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC-EV-enriched preparations) on scar modulation and wound healing. The key finding was that eMSC-EV-enriched preparations can modulate fibrosis and promote wound-healing outcomes, with mechanistic work supported by characterization of eMSCs (flow cytometry and differentiation assays) and downstream functional testing (details truncated). A cell-free EV therapy approach could offer a novel treatment direction for fibrotic scarring after trauma, burns, or surgery.

Lin FY, Tan XT, Pan CM et al. · Stem cell research & therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Aging, lifestyle & cognition

Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Subgroup Analysis of the SUPERBRAIN-MEET Randomized Trial.

This prespecified subgroup analysis evaluated whether a 24-week multidomain lifestyle intervention (MLI) delivered via face-to-face sessions plus digital platforms had differential cognitive effects in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) within the SUPERBRAIN-MEET randomized trial. The study assessed variation by sociodemographic characteristics, digital readiness, baseline cognitive status, and vascular risk profiles. The clinical significance is that it helps determine which patient subgroups are most likely to benefit from combined lifestyle-and-digital interventions to slow cognitive decline.

Kim DA, Lee SM, Sun K et al. · Neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Gut Metabolism Links Precision Nutrition, Exercise, and Healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster.

This Drosophila melanogaster study tested whether a multimodal precision-nutrition and exercise regimen affects healthspan and longevity by using a chemically defined diet (CDD) and combining methionine restriction (MR), taurine supplementation (Tau), and moderate exercise. The key finding is that the combination additively extended lifespan while preserving reproductive capacity and improving locomotor function. Scientifically, targeted metabolomics with stable isotope tracing implicated increased mitochondrial TCA cycle flux and improved gut redox homeostasis as central mechanisms connecting gut metabolism to healthspan benefits.

Wei F, Liu S, Sun Y et al. · Aging cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Frailty mediates the association between sleep duration and physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

This study tested whether frailty mediates the association between sleep duration and physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity (PPC-MM) in Chinese middle-aged and older adults using CHARLS data (cross-sectional n=7,193; longitudinal n=5,380). Using multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models with nonlinear dose-response assessment (restricted cubic splines), the authors found that frailty accounted for part of the relationship between sleep duration and PPC-MM risk. These results highlight frailty as a clinically relevant pathway linking sleep patterns to multimorbidity burden and suggest targets for risk reduction.

Ding H, Li L, Luo G et al. · Scientific reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Phytochemicals modulating HSF-1-associated pathways: A systematic review of longevity-extending mechanisms in Caenorhabditis elegans.

This systematic review (PRISMA 2020) synthesized evidence from 42 studies on phytochemicals that modulate heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1)–associated pathways to extend longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. The key finding was that multiple phytochemicals can activate HSF-1 (e.g., nuclear translocation, phosphorylation, or transcriptional activity) and induce downstream stress-response markers linked to lifespan extension. Collectively, the review highlights HSF-1 as a druggable longevity node and maps candidate phytochemicals for further mechanistic and translational testing.

Ren K, Lu D, Wang L et al. · Ageing research reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Public health, epidemiology & guidelines

Global, regional, and national burden of road injuries 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

This Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 analysis estimated incidence, mortality, and morbidity of road injuries across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023 by road injury type and nature-of-injury categories. It provided global, regional, and national trends intended to monitor progress toward the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety goals and to identify intervention gaps. The results are significant for public health planning by quantifying where road-safety interventions are most needed and how the burden has changed over time.

The Lancet. Public health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Implications of the 2026 Dyslipidemia Guideline for Primary Prevention Statin Therapy.

This study assessed the population health implications of the 2026 AHA/ACC/multisociety dyslipidemia guideline for primary prevention statin therapy using a nationally representative cross-sectional sample from NHANES 2017–2023. It estimated how changes in ASCVD risk estimation and statin eligibility criteria would affect who qualifies for statins among nonpregnant adults aged 30–79 without known ASCVD. The significance is that it quantifies potential increases in statin use and helps anticipate downstream public health and resource impacts of the guideline update.

Anderson TS, Wilson LM, Sussman JB · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

This American Heart Association scientific statement reviewed evidence on caffeine intake and cardiovascular disease, focusing on how acute versus chronic caffeine effects and the type of caffeine source (beverage/food vs pure synthetic) relate to cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in humans. The key finding is that caffeine–cardiovascular relationships are complex and heterogeneous, with many studies suggesting an inverse J-shaped association for naturally occurring caffeinated products. Scientifically and clinically, the statement helps frame risk interpretation and guides clinicians and researchers on how to consider dose timing and individual differences when evaluating caffeine’s cardiovascular effects.

Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of low-dose cannabidiol.

This article reviewed pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety evidence for low-dose cannabidiol (CBD) at doses ≤2.5 mg/kg or ≤175 mg/day, focusing on studies in healthy volunteers and patient populations. Across included low-dose oral CBD PK studies (≤150 mg), Cmax and AUC were reported to be 5- to 100-fold lower than those seen with a typical 20 mg/kg dose of Epidiolex, and PD studies showed little evidence of physical or neurological effects at these low doses. The review clarifies that over-the-counter low-dose CBD exposures are substantially lower than prescription Epidiolex exposures, informing dosing expectations and safety interpretation.

Warren WG, Osborn M, Yates A et al. · British journal of clinical pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

HPV vaccination and the risk of cancer in males.

This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX US Collaborative Network to evaluate whether HPV vaccination in males aged 9–45 years (vaccinated between 2006 and 2024) is associated with subsequent risk of cancer and related outcomes. The key finding was the estimated association between HPV vaccination status and risks of cancer, carcinoma in situ, and precancerous lesions at multiple potentially HPV-associated sites in males. These results extend evidence of HPV vaccine benefit beyond females by informing cancer-prevention impact in male populations.

Hsu CH, Chen CF, Chu KA et al. · Vaccine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Selective and non-selective carotid ultrasound screening and perioperative stroke incidence in the coronary artery bypass grafting population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis studied whether selective versus non-selective carotid ultrasound (CU) screening affects perioperative stroke incidence in adults undergoing isolated, non-emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The key finding was the pooled comparison of perioperative stroke risk across studies that met inclusion criteria for CU screening strategy and outcome reporting (full quantitative results truncated). Clarifying the stroke impact of screening strategy can inform perioperative workflow and guideline recommendations for CABG patients.

King-O’Reilly B, Graves DL, Sandrasekaran K et al. · Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

---

Generated automatically on July 21, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.