PubMed Trending Research Digest — July 23, 2026

Automated digest · 96 articles · 15 research areas · July 23, 2026

Overview

This week’s digest is dominated by two cross-cutting trends: (1) increasingly mechanistic, multi-omics approaches to disease biology (from proteomics and structural proteomics to epitranscriptomics and evolutionary cancer frameworks), and (2) a parallel push toward clinically actionable biomarkers and targeted interventions that can stratify patients and improve outcomes.

In neurodegeneration, multiple studies converge on blood-based and isoform-aware biomarker development and interpretation—plasma proteomic signatures across dementia subtypes, plasma p-tau/NfL/GFAP multimodal models for early-onset differential diagnosis, and mass-spectrometry mapping of tau isoforms. Mechanistic work complements this with immune and molecular drivers: microglial state complexity, complement activation in synucleinopathy, and RNA biology (R-loops/m6A and REXO4) that links genome instability to interferon-driven anti-tumor immunity.

In cancer and immunology, the theme is “precision targeting plus resistance-aware biology.” Several papers emphasize immune-evasion and immune reprogramming—macrophage NOD1/2 signaling as a regulator of resistance to checkpoint blockade and other therapies, and next-generation immunotherapies beyond checkpoint inhibitors (TCEs, CAR-T, and CSF-1R-directed strategies). At the same time, multiple mechanistic studies map how tumors resist therapy through metabolic rewiring (fumarate/succination axes, ferroptosis evasion, GPCR-mediated 5-FU resistance, KRAS-pathway precision strategies) and how proteostasis/UPS and epitranscriptomic networks are remodeled by driver mutations. Together, these findings reinforce a broader shift from static “one-size-fits-all” treatment toward biomarker- and mechanism-informed combinations designed to overcome adaptive resistance.

Finally, several clinical and translational studies highlight practical care improvements across respiratory, cardiovascular, perioperative, and metabolic domains—long-term tolerability of prostate SBRT, IL-33 blockade strategies in COPD, RSV prevention with long-acting antibodies, and ICU/perioperative evidence updates (pain guidelines, immunonutrition, and critical-care adjuncts). Across these areas, the common thread is better risk stratification and targeted modulation—whether by biomarkers, endotypes, or mechanistic pathways—to improve outcomes while minimizing harm.

---

Neurodegenerative disease biomarkers & diagnostics (AD/FTD/DLB/ALS)

Plasma proteome profiling identified biomarkers for the differential diagnosis and molecular staging of neurodegenerative dementias.

Large-scale plasma proteomics was used to profile 1,318 samples from international cohorts to find blood-based protein biomarkers for differential diagnosis and molecular staging across Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). More than 200 proteins were dysregulated across dementia groups, with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) most strongly increased along the AD continuum and integrin alpha-V and integrin alpha-M consistently reduced. This provides clinically actionable, scalable plasma signatures that may enable improved dementia subtype discrimination and staging.

Bellomo G, Vermunt L, In ‘t Veld S et al. · Nature aging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Use of blood-based neurofilament light chain as an endpoint in clinical trials of neurodegenerative conditions: a scoping review.

This scoping review examined interventional neurodegenerative clinical trials (2013–2024) that used blood-based neurofilament light chain (serum or plasma NfL) as an endpoint. The review found that blood NfL is increasingly used to quantify neuroaxonal injury and can serve as a trial endpoint, with variability in sampling and analytical approaches across studies. This is scientifically important because standardizing blood NfL endpoint use could improve comparability and accelerate biomarker-driven efficacy assessment in neurodegenerative drug development.

Zheng Y, Bhalala OG, Chin KS et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Ruxolitinib cream in adults with moderate atopic dermatitis after failure of other topicals: A randomized trial.

This randomized trial studied ruxolitinib cream in adults (≥18 years) with moderate atopic dermatitis (IGA 3, EASI >7, itch NRS ≥4) who had inadequate response, intolerance, or contraindications to topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors in the prior 12 months (TRuE-AD4; NCT06238817). The 8-week results reported that ruxolitinib cream improved atopic dermatitis signs and symptoms compared with the control regimen in this post–TCS/TCI population. These findings support ruxolitinib cream as an evidence-based topical escalation option for moderate AD when standard topical therapies fail.

Carrascosa JM, Prajapati VH, Hong HC et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Distribution of Big Tau Isoforms in the Human Central and Peripheral Nervous System.

This mass spectrometry study mapped the distribution of “big tau” isoforms (tau with exon 4a inclusion) across the human central and peripheral nervous system and assessed disease relevance using postmortem tissues from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and controls. It found distinct anatomical patterns of big tau isoform composition between CNS and PNS regions and evaluated how these patterns relate to neurodegenerative disease states. The work is significant because it provides isoform-level neuroanatomical context that may clarify the contribution of exon 4a–containing tau to peripheral and central neurodegeneration.

Koppisetti RK, Barthélemy NR, Horie K et al. · Annals of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Blood-based multimodal biomarker models for differentiating early-onset Alzheimer’s disease from frontotemporal dementia: a longitudinal study of early-onset dementia and family members (LEAF) study.

This longitudinal LEAF study assessed blood-based multimodal biomarker models to differentiate early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) from early-onset frontotemporal dementia (EOFTD) in 185 participants (≤65 years) using plasma immunoassays for p-tau217, p-tau181, neurofilament light (NfL), and GFAP. Plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 showed high discriminative performance (AUC 0.831 and 0.862, respectively) for distinguishing EOAD from EOFTD, supporting their diagnostic utility in early-onset cohorts. These results strengthen the clinical value of blood p-tau biomarkers and multimodal modeling for improving differential diagnosis in early-onset neurodegenerative disease.

Kwon HS, Moon SY, Hwang M et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Neurodegeneration mechanisms & neuroimmune pathways (microglia/complement/tau/R-loops)

Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease.

This review studied how microglial states are shaped across development, brain region, sex, age, genotype, and environment, emphasizing insights from modern multi-omics approaches. It found that single-cell/single-nucleus transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility profiling, and spatial multi-omics eliminate simple “resting vs activated” or “M1 vs M2” models and instead support a multidimensional microglial state space. The scientific significance is that it reframes microglial biology for interpreting disease-associated signatures and for designing more precise interventions in neurodegeneration.

Eggen BJL, Kooistra SM · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Complement dysregulation during the early phases of synucleinopathy.

This study investigated complement dysregulation during early phases of synucleinopathy in a rat model using pre-aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn) to induce synucleinopathy. The key finding (abstract truncated) is that complement cascade activation occurs in relation to pathological α-syn early in disease, addressing whether complement activation is direct versus secondary to overt neurodegeneration. This is significant because it clarifies immune mechanisms that may drive Parkinson’s disease progression and supports complement-targeted therapeutic hypotheses.

Khan H, Gifford M, Kordbacheh A et al. · Acta neuropathologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondrial-derived vesicles drive budding-type fission of damaged lysosomes.

This cell biology study examined how mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) regulate lysosomal renewal by driving budding-type fission (B-fission) of damaged lysosomes during hypoxia-reoxygenation stress. It found that damaged lysosomes form membrane buds that scission into small, functional lysosomes independently of autophagic lysosome reformation, and mechanistically MDVs deliver the fission adaptor MFF to lysosomes to recruit the dynamin-related GTPase DRP1. The significance is that it identifies a distinct lysosome repair pathway that could be targeted to preserve lysosomal function under stress.

Luo Y, Yu J, Li Z et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

RNA exonuclease REXO4 resolves m6A-marked R-loops and suppresses anti-tumor immunity.

This study investigated how the RNA exonuclease REXO4 resolves N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-marked R-loops and how this affects anti-tumor immunity. It found that REXO4 resolves RNA-DNA hybrids by 3’-5’ exonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA strand, that accessible RNA ends are required, and that m6A promotes REXO4 localization to R-loops in human cells; REXO4 loss increased DNA damage, stimulated interferon responses, and enhanced tumor immune infiltration in mouse models. These results are significant because they link R-loop/m6A biology to innate immune activation, suggesting REXO4 as a potential target to modulate anti-tumor immunity.

Zhang J, Bao K, Hou Y et al. · Molecular cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The orchestration of ciliary opus: Interplay of signalling molecules, GTPases, and trafficking machinery.

This Current Opinion review summarized how primary cilia signaling is orchestrated by the interplay of intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, the BBSome, small GTPases, and trafficking regulators. It emphasized how kinesin-2 and dynein-2 motors coordinate bidirectional receptor and signaling component trafficking, while ciliary lipid composition and secondary messengers such as cAMP and Ca2+ regulate ciliary composition and signaling. The synthesis is significant for understanding the molecular basis of ciliary signaling control relevant to ciliopathies and tissue homeostasis.

Piyush R, Giri P, Shinde SR · Current opinion in cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Unlocking Sulforaphane’s Potential in Friedreich Ataxia: Further Evidence from Preclinical Investigations Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Sensory Neurons.

This preclinical study compared sulforaphane (SF) with omaveloxolone (Omav) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons from Friedreich ataxia patients carrying expanded GAA repeats in the FXN gene (e.g., 550 GAA1 repeats). It builds on prior evidence that SF increases FXN expression and modulates epigenetic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways, testing whether SF’s effects translate across additional treatment comparisons. The significance is that it strengthens the rationale for SF as a potential therapeutic candidate in FRDA alongside the only approved therapy, Omav.

Yang W, Thompson B, Miellet S et al. · Antioxidants & redox signaling · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Soluble high-molecular-weight amyloid-β species derived from amyloid-β-laden brains induce cerebral β-amyloidosis.

This study investigated whether soluble high-molecular-weight amyloid-β (Aβ) species (>150 kDa) isolated from amyloid-β-laden brains could act as aggregation seeds to initiate β-amyloidosis. Intrahippocampal injection of these soluble >150 kDa Aβ species accelerated cerebral β-amyloidosis in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice, whereas truncated results indicated contrasting effects for other preparations. Scientifically, the work supports a “strain/seed” concept in Alzheimer’s disease by identifying a specific soluble Aβ molecular-weight fraction capable of driving in vivo plaque-like pathology.

Kashiwagi-Hakozaki M, Uchigami H, Naka Y et al. · Brain communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Psychiatric genetics & mental health risk biology

Genome-wide association analyses of borderline personality disorder identify 11 loci and highlight shared risk with mental and somatic disorders.

A genome-wide association study meta-analysis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) was conducted in European-ancestry samples (12,339 cases/1,041,717 controls discovery; 685/107,750 replication) to identify susceptibility loci and risk genes. The study found 11 independent associated genomic loci, 9 risk genes, SNP-heritability of 17.3%, and polygenic scores predicting 4.6% of BPD liability-scale variance. These findings improve genetic resolution of BPD and highlight shared genetic risk with both mental and somatic disorders, supporting cross-disorder biology for future mechanistic work and risk prediction.

Streit F, Awasthi S, Hall ASM et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gut microbiota-driven metabolites modulate the development of stress-related mental disorders.

This review synthesized evidence from preclinical and clinical studies on how gut microbiota composition and function drive stress-related mental disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD) through microbial metabolite production and systemic signaling. The key finding is that microbiota-derived metabolites can modulate host physiology relevant to stress biology, linking dysbiosis to disorder development and progression. This is significant because it frames microbiota metabolites as actionable mechanistic targets for future therapeutic strategies in stress-related mental disorders.

Yuan M, Qin F, Wu L et al. · Translational psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Respiratory disease therapeutics & biomarkers (asthma/COPD/RSV/ARDS/influenza)

Circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin and its c-terminal peptides differentiate bacterial from viral community-acquired pneumonia.

This study evaluated whether circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) and its C-terminal peptides can distinguish bacterial from viral community-acquired pneumonia in 81 prospectively enrolled adults at hospital admission (day 0) and day 3. Using ELISA to measure AAT and LC-based quantification of nine AAT-derived C-terminal peptides, the authors found that AAT/peptide profiles can differentiate bacterial versus viral CAP. This is clinically significant because it could reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use by improving early etiologic discrimination.

Pashai Fakhri M, Börner FR, Held J et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

EndoBridge 2025: pearls and highlights.

EndoBridge 2025 was studied as a scientific meeting, summarizing the 13th Annual EndoBridge Meeting program and highlights across endocrinology and metabolism topics. The key finding is that the congress delivered state-of-the-art lectures and interactive case discussions covering pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, bone metabolism, neuroendocrine tumors, diabetes, obesity, clinical nutrition, and lipid abnormalities. Its significance is educational and translational, helping clinicians and researchers update knowledge and clinical approaches across major endocrine domains.

Yildiz BO, Armenti M, Brandi ML et al. · Hormones (Athens, Greece) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Phase III LUNA clinical programme: design of four randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies assessing the efficacy and safety of tozorakimab in patients with symptomatic COPD and a high risk of exacerbations.

The LUNA phase III clinical programme was designed as four multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies to test tozorakimab (anti-IL-33 monoclonal antibody) in symptomatic COPD patients with a high risk of exacerbations despite optimized inhaled therapy. The programme targets both IL-33 reduced and oxidised forms (IL-33red and IL-33ox) and evaluates efficacy and safety across ongoing trials including OBERON and TITANIA. This programme aims to determine whether IL-33 blockade can reduce exacerbations and improve outcomes in a high-risk COPD population.

Watz H, Sciurba FC, Bonini M et al. · BMJ open respiratory research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Use of tezepelumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by eosinophilic endotype: WAYPOINT post-hoc analysis.

This post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 WAYPOINT trial evaluated tezepelumab 210 mg versus placebo every 4 weeks in Japanese adults with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) stratified by eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis defined by the Japanese Epidemiological Survey. Tezepelumab improved nasal polyp outcomes and related clinical measures across eosinophilic subgroups while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. The findings support using tezepelumab for CRSwNP patients with an eosinophilic endotype, informing more targeted biologic selection in clinical practice.

Fujieda S, Otori N, Han JK et al. · Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effect of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccines on hospitalisation outcomes and mortality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared high-dose versus standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccines (HD-IIV 60 μg haemagglutinin/strain vs SD-IIV) using randomized controlled trials in adults aged 65 years or older. It assessed effects on hospitalization outcomes and mortality to determine whether higher antigen dosing improves clinical endpoints in this older population. The results are important for informing influenza vaccination policy and optimizing protection against severe influenza in older adults.

Zhao W, Lian R, Zhao Y et al. · The lancet. Healthy longevity · (2027) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clesrovimab in Infants at Increased Risk For Severe Disease During 2 RSV Seasons: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial evaluated clesrovimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, in infants at increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease across two RSV seasons, comparing clesrovimab (105 mg) versus palivizumab in season 1 and assessing safety/tolerability of 210 mg clesrovimab in season 2. The key finding was that clesrovimab maintained an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in this high-risk infant population across the second RSV season. This supports continued use of clesrovimab for extended RSV protection in infants who remain at risk.

Zar HJ, Bont LJ, Manzoni P et al. · JAMA pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Prone positioning in ARDS.

This article reviewed the evidence and evolving clinical role of prone positioning in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including early use in intubated patients with PaO2/FIO2 <150 mmHg and the awake prone position (APP) in non-intubated patients. It highlights that prone positioning consistently improves oxygenation and has expanded from rescue therapy to a lung-protective ventilation strategy, with APP showing promising results beyond COVID-19. The significance lies in guiding ICU practice toward earlier and broader implementation while clarifying where confirmation is still needed for routine non-COVID use.

Ehrmann S, Li J, Liu L et al. · Intensive care medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The Airway Transcriptome in Type 2 Cytokine Biomarker-High and -Low Severe Asthma.

This study analyzed airway transcriptomic data from bronchial biopsies and brushes in the UK Refractory Asthma Stratification Programme cohort to compare molecular pathways in severe asthma stratified by type 2 (T2) cytokine biomarker status (T2-high, T2-intermediate, and T2-low) before and after high-dose inhaled corticosteroids. By integrating clinical and transcriptomic profiles from corticosteroid-resistant patients plus healthy controls, it identified gene dysregulation patterns associated with T2 biomarker-high versus T2 biomarker-low disease states. The significance is that it helps explain the biology of severe asthma when T2 activity is suppressed and may guide biomarker-driven therapeutic targeting beyond classic T2 inflammation pathways.

Shen J, Chaudhuri R, Bicknell S et al. · Allergy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Immunology & host-directed antiviral strategies

Viral syncytia evolve to resist interferon.

This study examined how SARS-CoV-2–mediated syncytia formation affects antiviral interferon responses, using SARS-CoV-2 and Spike (S) replacement vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in cultured cells, human lung cell cultures, and hACE2 transgenic mice. It found that S-mediated syncytia impair interferon antiviral effects and that Spike substitutions modulating syncytia formation in Delta and Omicron similarly modulate interferon resistance, also reducing antibody-mediated neutralization. The significance is that viral cell–cell fusion can be an evolutionary strategy to evade innate immunity and humoral responses.

Li T, Kang I, Ye J et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mapping in-cell protein contact sites reveals hijacking of paraspeckles during influenza A virus infection.

In human cells infected with influenza A virus (IAV), the authors used in-cell cross-linking mass spectrometry combined with structural modeling and functional assays to map native protein-protein contact sites. They identified previously unrecognized virus-host interactions, including host factors in the membrane-bound endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi system that regulate maturation of distinct haemagglutinin glycoforms, and progressive disruption of paraspeckle-associated processes. This mechanistic map of in-cell contacts clarifies how IAV hijacks spatially organized host pathways and can guide antiviral target discovery.

Kotova I, Mühlberg L, Gilep K et al. · Nature microbiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

All-trans retinoic acid suppresses systemic inflammation induced by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in mice.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was tested for its systemic anti-inflammatory effects in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection, using patient observations and an SFTSV mouse model. Patients had depleted serum vitamin A/ATRA levels that correlated with worse systemic inflammatory response syndrome severity and mortality, and intraperitoneal ATRA suppressed virus-induced hyperinflammation via PPARγ-mediated downregulation of macrophage AP-1 transcriptional activity. These results support ATRA as a potential host-directed immunomodulatory strategy for SFTSV and define a PPARγ–AP-1 pathway mechanism.

Yu X, Wu J, Yin X et al. · Nature microbiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Viral protease-initiated lytic cell death as a universal antiviral mRNA therapy.

This preclinical study developed viral protease-initiated lytic cell death (VID), a universal mRNA therapeutic platform by engineering gasdermin-D (GSDMD) with viral protease-specific cleavage motifs to trigger lytic cell death in virus-infected cells. Using hepatitis A virus (HAV) as a model, lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated VIDA mRNA abolished viral replication and shedding in vivo and reduced liver injury. The work is significant because it proposes a broadly applicable antiviral mRNA strategy that leverages GSDMD-mediated lytic killing initiated by viral proteases.

Li L, Yan XL, Wang HY et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Divergent Autophagy Pathways in Plasmodium: Mechanisms, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.

This review examined autophagy mechanisms in the malaria parasite Plasmodium, focusing on the reduced but functional set of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and the autophagy marker/effector ATG8. It reports that Plasmodial ATG8 shows branched localization and associates with the apicoplast membrane, indicating divergent autophagy pathways with roles beyond canonical bulk degradation. These parasite-specific autophagy features highlight ATG8 and related machinery as potential therapeutic targets for malaria by exploiting differences from yeast/mammalian autophagy.

Rajput S, Mehra P, Nandi R et al. · Molecular microbiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

γδ T cells show distinct responses to CMV after stem cell transplantation.

This study analyzed how γδ T cells respond to cytomegalovirus (CMV) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) by combining longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing with paired T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing across five post-transplant time points. It found patient-specific expansion of non-Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cell clones, particularly within Vδ1+ and Vδ3+ subsets, associated with differences in CMV reactivation status. Scientifically, it provides clonal-resolution insight into immune reconstitution after aHSCT and may help identify γδ T cell signatures relevant to CMV control.

Sibbertsen F, Song Z, Ly C et al. · Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Inflammation, autoimmunity & immunomodulation (guidelines/reviews/biologics)

Endothelial cell-intrinsic NOD2 signaling regulates the intestinal immune response through the generation of effector and memory T cells.

The study examined how endothelial cell-intrinsic NOD2 signaling regulates intestinal immunity by generating effector and memory T cells, focusing on the NOD2 pathway engaged by muramyl dipeptide. NOD2 activation in endothelial cells promoted T cell responses that support intestinal homeostasis, resolving a key innate-to-adaptive immune coordination gap relevant to Crohn’s disease risk from NOD2 variants. This provides a mechanistic explanation for how NOD2 signaling can drive protective immune programming despite its genetic association with inflammatory bowel disease.

Tsankov BK, Denney M, Ahn JSY et al. · Nature immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

This American Heart Association scientific statement reviewed evidence on caffeine intake and its associations with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases across human observational studies and differing patterns of caffeine consumption. Overall findings suggest complex, heterogeneous relationships, with acute versus chronic effects often differing and many studies reporting an inverse J-shaped association for naturally occurring caffeinated beverages. Clinically, the statement supports nuanced guidance that considers caffeine source, dose pattern, and individual susceptibility rather than a single universal cardiovascular risk effect.

Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Deucravacitinib in Active Psoriatic Arthritis: Efficacy and Safety up to 52 Weeks From the Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 POETYK PsA-2 Trial.

The POETYK PsA-2 phase 3 randomized, double-blind trial evaluated the oral selective tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitor deucravacitinib for efficacy and safety in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who were biologic DMARD–naive or had prior tumor necrosis factor inhibitor exposure. Patients were randomized to deucravacitinib 6 mg daily, placebo, or apremilast 30 mg twice daily (safety reference) with follow-up through 52 weeks, and the study assessed outcomes such as ACR20 response and safety through week 52. If the results confirm benefit over placebo with an acceptable safety profile, deucravacitinib could expand targeted oral treatment options for PsA with a mechanism distinct from apremilast and other biologics.

Mease PJ, Chandran V, Armstrong AW et al. · Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Associations of viral infections and antiviral vaccinations with anti-NMDAR and other forms of autoimmune encephalitis.

This systematic literature review assessed reported associations between viral infections and antiviral vaccinations and the occurrence of autoimmune encephalitis subtypes, including anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis. The key finding was that specific viral infection and vaccination links have been described across AIE subtypes, but the evidence base is heterogeneous and lacks a unified, subtype-specific frequency estimate. Clinically, the review highlights the need for better mechanistic and epidemiologic studies to clarify which triggers meaningfully increase risk for particular autoimmune encephalitis phenotypes.

Bamberg S, Schulte-Frankenfeld PM, Kreye J · Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondria-targeted MXene-based nanozymes promote mitophagy and inhibit mtDNA-triggered cGAS/STING inflammation in osteoarthritis.

This preclinical study developed a mitochondria-targeted MXene-based nanozyme (MS@PMXene-TK) incorporating a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131) and a ROS-responsive thioketal-linked PEG shell to treat osteoarthritis. The key finding was that the nanozyme promoted mitophagy and inhibited mtDNA-triggered cGAS/STING inflammatory signaling, thereby addressing mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation in OA models. These results suggest a subcellularly targeted therapeutic strategy that could modulate innate immune activation in osteoarthritis.

Li T, Zheng A, Zhu C et al. · Bioactive materials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeting BLyS and APRIL with Telitacicept versus Conventional Immunotherapy in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: A Comparative Study.

This retrospective real-world comparative study evaluated telitacicept versus conventional immunotherapy in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis who were AChR-antibody positive (AChR-Ab+ gMG), using propensity score matching (ChiCTR2500109279; 215 total, 35 per group after matching). The key finding was that telitacicept showed differences in treatment response and safety outcomes relative to conventional immunotherapy in this broader real-world AChR-Ab+ population. Clinically, the study helps validate whether telitacicept’s efficacy and tolerability observed in trials translate to routine practice.

Yang Y, Kang N, Zhu Y et al. · ImmunoTargets and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cancer immunotherapy & immune cell engagers (CAR-T/TCE/ADCs/checkpoint alternatives)

First CAR T-Cell Therapy Approved for Solid Tumors.

China studied the first approved solid-tumor CAR T-cell therapy, satricabtagene autoleucel (satri-cel), in patients with claudin 18.2-positive, HER2-negative gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer. In a phase II trial, satri-cel increased progression-free survival and overall survival. This approval is clinically significant because it provides early evidence that CAR T targeting of claudin 18.2 can improve outcomes in solid tumors, while highlighting the need for further work to enhance efficacy and durability.

Cancer discovery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

NOD1/2 signaling in macrophages drives adaptive immune resistance in cancer.

The authors investigated whether NOD1/2 signaling in macrophages drives adaptive immune resistance to cancer therapies, using murine tumor models and genetic or pharmacologic perturbation of NOD1/2 and RIPK2. NOD1/2 signaling was identified as a pivotal regulator of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive T-cell therapy, and cytotoxic chemotherapy, and ablation of NOD1/2 or RIPK2 reduced adaptive resistance. These findings suggest that targeting macrophage NOD1/2–RIPK2 signaling could sensitize tumors to multiple antitumor modalities.

Wei X, Yang L, Wang Y et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Phase 1/2 study of IMC-C103C, a T cell receptor bispecific (MAGE-A4×CD3) ImmTAC targeting MAGE-A4-expressing malignancies.

A phase 1/2 clinical study evaluated IMC-C103C, a T cell receptor bispecific ImmTAC (MAGE-A4×CD3) targeting an MAGE-A4 peptide presented by HLA-A02:01, in advanced solid tumors. In HLA-A02:01+ patients receiving weekly intravenous IMC-C103C with step-up dosing, the trial assessed safety and preliminary anti-tumor activity using mTPI-2-guided dose escalation alongside pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and biomarker analyses. This work advances a targeted T-cell engager strategy for MAGE-A4-expressing malignancies and establishes early clinical feasibility for further development.

Sweis RF, Melero I, Davar D et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Beyond immune checkpoint blockade: T cell engagers and antibody-drug conjugates in cancer and autoimmune disease.

This review article examined next-generation immunotherapies beyond immune checkpoint blockade, focusing on T cell engagers (TCEs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in cancer and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs). It concluded that TCEs can redirect cytotoxic T cells to kill targets independently of MHC restriction and that ADCs can deliver cytotoxic payloads via receptor-mediated internalization, potentially addressing resistance and autoimmune limitations of checkpoint inhibitors. The synthesis is significant for guiding translational development of mechanism-specific immunotherapies, including emerging targets such as the CD47/SIRPα axis.

Abdelaziz AM, Shokr MM · Biochemical pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Therapeutic targeting of CD47 using a tri-specific NK cell engager to inhibit multiple myeloma.

This preclinical study investigated a tri-specific NK cell engager designed to therapeutically target CD47 to inhibit multiple myeloma. By blocking the CD47–SIRPα immune escape axis, the engager aimed to restore macrophage phagocytosis and NK cell activity against CD47-high myeloma cells. The significance is that multi-target NK engagement of CD47 could overcome resistance and provide a new immunotherapy direction for patients with refractory multiple myeloma.

Sumankan R, Sungwan P, Boonsatit N et al. · Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TANGENT study design: a phase III, randomized study of emactuzumab for the treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumors.

The TANGENT phase III randomized study evaluated emactuzumab, a CSF-1R inhibiting monoclonal antibody, in patients with tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT) who were not adequately managed by surgery or had high post-surgical recurrence risk. The trial design targets CSF-1R dimerization to reduce tumor-associated macrophage activity, aiming to improve clinically meaningful outcomes while addressing the limitations of long-term CSF-1R pathway inhibitor therapy. If successful, this would establish a new CSF-1R–directed therapeutic option for TGCT with a mechanism distinct from conventional CSF-1R inhibitors and potentially improved tolerability and treatment burden.

Gelderblom H, Palmerini E, van de Sande M et al. · Future oncology (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cancer genomics, proteomics & multi-omics for targets/biomarkers

Promoter strength and position govern promoter competition through transcript-dependent insulation.

This study investigated how promoter strength and genomic position govern promoter competition through transcript-dependent insulation at the Sox2 locus. By inserting diverse promoters into defined genomic sites and measuring effects on endogenous Sox2 transcription, it found that transcriptional reduction correlates with inserted promoter strength, that competition requires transcription from the inserted promoter, and that longer transcripts increase competition via an insulator-like transcriptional unit. The significance is that it provides mechanistic rules for how promoter architecture and transcription shape gene regulation in development and disease.

Koska M, Nagano M, Swigut T et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structures of dynamic interactors at native proteasomes by PhIX-MS and cryo-electron microscopy.

This structural proteomics study introduced PhIX-MS (photo-induced in situ crosslinking-mass spectrometry) combined with cryo-electron microscopy to capture transient interactors at native proteasomes. Applying the workflow to proteasome regulatory particles (RPs), the authors mapped the redox sensor TXNL1, including its dynamic thioredoxin-like domain near RPN2/PSMD1 and RPN13/ADRM1, using RPs without the proteolytic core particle bound to TXNL1. The technique and findings are significant for understanding how redox regulation is physically coupled to proteasome function via transient protein interactions.

Lee K, Negi H, Chen X et al. · Molecular cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ligand regulation and function of preformed EGFR dimers.

This study used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structural basis of ligand regulation and function of preformed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dimers in the context of receptor tyrosine kinase activation. The key finding was a detailed structural view showing how preformed EGFR dimers are organized and can be regulated, refining the classic ligand-induced dimerization model. This provides mechanistic insight relevant to designing EGFR-targeted therapies in cancer where dimerization and activation state are critical.

Zuo Y, Schwartz HT, Walker K et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-Cell Analysis of Residual Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy Reveals TFAM-Mediated Immunoregulation in Dendritic Cells.

This study performed single-cell analysis of tumor microenvironments in 14 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who received neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) to identify cellular programs associated with treatment response. The key finding was that a TFAM-mediated immunoregulation program in dendritic cells was linked to differential pathological tumor regression, with immunosuppressive cell subsets enriched in minimal/no regression groups. This suggests TFAM-driven dendritic-cell immune regulation as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for improving nICT responsiveness in ESCC.

Chen L, Feng T, Zhou J et al. · Cancer research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A genome-wide functional analysis of conserved intronic regions reveals essential roles for speckle-associated retained introns.

This genome-wide functional study used a dual CRISPR-Cas editing strategy to delete conserved human intronic regions associated with intron retention, focusing on speckle-associated retained introns in cultured cells. The key finding was that a subset of these conserved “fitness” intronic sequences affected cell growth by altering intron retention and host-gene expression, with deletions in speckle-associated retained introns in FNBP4 and DDX5 producing downstream effects. This establishes conserved retained introns as functional regulatory elements with roles in RNA processing and neuronal biology.

Farhangmehr S, Braunschweig U, Wu M et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer: Targeting KRAS and Beyond.

This review summarized precision medicine strategies in advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer, focusing on targeting mutant KRAS and related pathways enabled by emerging KRAS inhibitors. It reports that RAS inhibition has demonstrated clinically meaningful activity in the RASolute 302 trial, shifting the therapeutic landscape toward molecularly targeted treatment for a larger fraction of patients. The significance is that KRAS-targeted therapy may finally translate molecular driver knowledge into measurable patient benefit, informing future trial design and biomarker selection.

Schürmann H, Park W, O’Kane GM et al. · Targeted oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multiomics integrative bioinformatics analysis of gene expression characteristics and molecular mechanisms in preeclampsia placental tissue.

This integrative multiomics bioinformatics analysis combined multiple placental transcriptome datasets and single-cell sequencing data from GEO to characterize gene expression features and molecular mechanisms in preeclampsia placental tissue. Using differential expression, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning to define molecular subtypes and key pathways, the study aimed to identify candidate genes and networks driving placental dysfunction in preeclampsia. The scientific significance is that it provides data-driven hypotheses and potential biomarkers/therapeutic targets for PE by leveraging cross-dataset and single-cell resolution rather than single-cohort analyses.

Li N, Tian L, Wei H · Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immune checkpoint profiling of B7-H proteins predicts survival and treatment response in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

This retrospective cohort study examined prognostic and predictive value of immune checkpoint B7-H family proteins (B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H7) in primary tumor specimens from 145 patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The key finding was that expression patterns—showing marked intratumoral heterogeneity and compartmentalized localization—were associated with survival and treatment response, with B7-H3 detected in both tumor and stromal compartments. Scientifically and clinically, immune checkpoint profiling of B7-H proteins may help stratify metastatic ccRCC patients for prognosis and likely responsiveness to therapy.

Emaldi M, Rey-Iborra E, Mosteiro L et al. · The journal of pathology. Clinical research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted mRNA Delivery Using Bispecific Antibody-Lipid Nanoparticle Complexes.

This study developed targeted mRNA delivery using bispecific antibody–lipid nanoparticle complexes (TbsAb-LNPs) designed to bind LNP polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a cell-surface target to enhance extrahepatic uptake. The key finding was that the bispecific antibody–LNP platform enabled targeted uptake in vitro as a prerequisite for tissue- and cell-specific delivery of RNA therapeutics beyond the liver. This is significant for advancing targeted RNA therapeutics by providing a modular strategy to model and optimize cell-specific delivery before in vivo testing.

Hickey JC, Roach T, Cassaidy B et al. · Molecular pharmaceutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Pan-cancer proteogenomic interrogation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

This study used harmonized pan-cancer proteogenomic data from up to 11 CPTAC cohorts to interrogate how somatic cancer-driver alterations remodel the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) at the protein level, focusing on UPS protein dysregulation, prognostic associations, and mutation-driven remodeling (including TP53 loss). It found that mRNA levels poorly predict UPS protein abundance, a recurrent set of E3 ligases is dysregulated across cancers, and somatic mutations—most notably TP53 loss—produce coherent UPS protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) signatures. These findings support mutation-informed, proteome-level targeting of UPS components as a route to improve prognostic stratification and therapeutic design across tumor types.

González-Robles TJ, Khan M, Sastourné P et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

RNA modifications in cancer: regulators of tumor evolution and therapeutic response.

This review examined how RNA modifications (including m6A, m1A, m5C, m7G, pseudouridine, and A-to-I editing) regulate cancer evolution and therapeutic response by acting through “writers,” “readers,” and “erasers” of the epitranscriptomic network. The key finding is that dysregulated RNA modification pathways can control transcript stability and translation efficiency, thereby shaping tumor evolution and treatment outcomes. This is significant because it highlights RNA-modification machinery as a mechanistic layer and potential therapeutic target for improving cancer therapy responsiveness.

Gu X, He Y, Xu Z et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tumor evolution: signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

This review synthesized current knowledge on tumor evolution, emphasizing signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms and how emerging technologies (high-throughput sequencing, single-cell and spatial omics, lineage tracing, computational modeling, and noninvasive biopsy) enable dynamic characterization of evolutionary trajectories. The key finding is that integrating evolutionary theory with multi-omics and lineage-based approaches improves understanding of heterogeneity and adaptive plasticity in advanced cancer. This is significant because it points to actionable therapeutic targets derived from evolutionary dynamics rather than static tumor snapshots.

Zhang KY, Zhu XZ, Yan YX et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Exosomes in cancer drug resistance: dual roles in therapy failure and emerging precision therapeutics.

This review discussed how tumor-derived exosomes contribute to cancer drug resistance while also serving as emerging tools for precision therapeutics, integrating the “exosome paradox.” The key finding is that exosomal cargo—including proteins such as P-gp and PD-L1, nucleic acids such as miR-21 and lncRNA H19, and pathway activation (e.g., PI3K/AKT and MAPK)—can remodel the tumor microenvironment to promote therapy failure and immune evasion. This is significant because it frames exosomes as both mechanistic drivers of resistance and potential vehicles for targeted interventions.

Tegegne BA, Belew H, Teffera ZH et al. · Cancer cell international · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cancer metabolism & targeted small-molecule resistance mechanisms

A bivalent molecular glue linking lysine acetyltransferases to oncogene-induced cell death.

This study created lysine acetyltransferase (KAT)-based chemically induced proximity (CIP) molecules (KAT-TCIPs) to induce oncogene-linked cell death in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The lead KAT-TCIP redirected p300/CBP to activate cell-death networks repressed by the oncogenic driver BCL6, reprogramming the epigenome to initiate apoptosis. This mechanistic approach is clinically significant as a targeted small-molecule strategy to selectively kill malignant B cells and potentially reduce relapse risk.

Nix MN, Gourisankar S, Bowman KJ et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

α-fluoro-β-alanine functions as a β-arrestin1-biased ligand of S1PR2 to upregulate DPD expression in cancer cells.

This work identified α-fluoro-β-alanine (FBAL), a catabolite of the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as a β-arrestin1-biased ligand of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in colorectal cancer cells. The key finding was that FBAL–S1PR2 signaling upregulated dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD/DPD expression) via GRK6-dependent receptor phosphorylation, promoting 5-FU resistance. This mechanistically links a 5-FU metabolite to a GPCR–β-arrestin pathway that could be targeted to overcome resistance.

Tan M, Shao H, Zhang X et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondrial SLC25A46 Rewires Fatty Acid Oxidation to Promote Cell Proliferation and Ferroptosis Evasion in Ovarian Cancer by Stabilizing CACT.

This study investigated how mitochondrial SLC25A46 promotes ovarian cancer growth and ferroptosis evasion by rewiring fatty acid oxidation and stabilizing the carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) against MARCHF5-mediated degradation. In ovarian cancer models, SLC25A46 upregulation increased proliferation via enhanced fatty acid oxidation–driven ATP and NADPH production and reduced ferroptosis sensitivity. The significance is that the SLC25A46–CACT axis may represent a druggable metabolic vulnerability to both suppress tumor growth and sensitize tumors to ferroptosis.

Gao Y, Hao J, Zhang X et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tailored strategies to overcome third-generation TKI resistance in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

This review article summarized evidence on tailored strategies to overcome third-generation EGFR TKI resistance in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It focused on resistance mechanisms including on-target EGFR alterations such as C797S and other secondary kinase domain mutations, off-target pathway activation (e.g., MET or HER2 amplification, RAS–MAPK signaling, and oncogenic fusions), and neuroendocrine transformation to small-cell lung cancer. The significance is that it provides a mechanistic framework for selecting next-line combination or switch strategies based on tumor molecular profiling to improve outcomes after third-generation TKI failure.

Saporita I, Farinea G, Lombardi E et al. · Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Inhibition of the Metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Metastasis via the PEDF/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

This mechanistic cancer study examined the role of the metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis and tested whether it acts through the PEDF/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. It reported higher ADAMTS5 expression in CRC tissues than in paracancerous tissues and showed that inhibiting ADAMTS5 suppresses CRC metastasis via modulation of PEDF/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results position ADAMTS5 as a potential therapeutic target and provide a pathway rationale for anti-metastatic strategies in CRC.

Sun X, Zhang H, Hu Y et al. · Cancer medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dual-targeting pharmacological UFMylation inhibition reprograms tumor and immune microenvironments to achieve long-term glioblastoma regression.

This study evaluated two small-molecule UFMylation inhibitors that target the UFMylation E3 ligase complex core protein DDRGK1—osimertinib (via a covalent mechanism) and CP-24 (non-covalent)—to reprogram tumor and immune microenvironments in glioblastoma models. The key finding is that both compounds disrupt the DDRGK1–UFL1 interaction, globally suppress UFMylation, inhibit ER-phagy, and induce ER stress leading to long-term glioblastoma regression. This is significant because it provides first-in-class pharmacologic UFMylation inhibition with a defined DDRGK1 mechanism that could be leveraged to enhance anti-tumor immunity and durable responses in glioblastoma.

Tan P, Liu Z, Hu X et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ADSL drives fumarate mediated scrib-rictor complex formation to promote metastasis dissemination in triple-negative breast cancer.

This study investigated how the metabolic enzyme ADSL drives fumarate-mediated formation of the SDC1-RICTOR (Scrib-Rictor) complex to promote metastasis dissemination in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using untargeted metabolomics, chemoproteomic succination profiling, interaction assays, and in vivo metastasis models. The authors found that ADSL-driven fumarate signaling promotes SDC1/Rictor complex formation via succination-dependent mechanisms, thereby enhancing metastatic dissemination in TNBC. These findings link a specific metabolic reprogramming axis (ADSL–fumarate–succination–Scrib-Rictor complex) to metastatic biology and suggest potential metabolic targeting strategies for TNBC.

Fan Y, He X, Deng W et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Activity-based proteomics analysis revealed that DNJ directly targeted ATP5F1 to alleviate high glucose induced cardiomyocyte injury.

This study used activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to identify direct molecular targets of the natural alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in cardiomyocytes subjected to high-glucose injury, focusing on mitochondrial damage relevant to diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). DNJ directly targeted ATP5F1 (the ATP synthase subunit F1) and reduced high-glucose–induced cardiomyocyte injury through a mechanism tied to this direct target engagement. These findings provide a specific DNJ–ATP5F1 target relationship that can guide mechanistic understanding and potential therapeutic development for DCM.

Li X, Chen Y, Yang H et al. · Cell communication and signaling : CCS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Solid tumor clinical trials & treatment optimization (radiation/surgery/targeted regimens)

Incidence, risk factors and tumor spectrum of second primary cancers after gastric cancer: a multicenter cohort study with long-term follow-up.

This multicenter cohort study examined long-term incidence, risk factors, and tumor spectrum of second primary cancers (SPCs) in gastric cancer survivors who underwent curative-intent radical gastrectomy (2007–2021) in the MAGIS cohort. The key findings (truncated in the abstract) focus on quantifying SPC risk over time, identifying clinical factors associated with SPC occurrence using LASSO-penalized selection, and characterizing detection patterns and stage distribution during follow-up. Scientifically and clinically, defining SPC timing and predictors can guide surveillance strategies and risk-adapted follow-up after gastrectomy.

Gao X, Han W, Lu L et al. · BMC medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Patient-reported Outcomes After Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy at 5 yr: Results from the PACE-B Trial.

In the phase 3, international PACE-B trial, patient-reported outcomes were assessed over 5 years in men with localized prostate cancer randomized to stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CRT). At 5 years, urinary incontinence outcomes were favorable and comparable between SBRT and CRT, with leak-free rates reported as 64% (164/…). This supports long-term patient-centered tolerability of SBRT relative to CRT and informs shared decision-making in prostate radiotherapy.

Cooper S, Patel J, Moore C et al. · European urology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Abemaciclib rechallenge after progression on abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: results from the phase II again study (WJOG14220B).

This phase II again study evaluated abemaciclib rechallenge in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients who progressed after prior abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy (CDK4/6 inhibitor + ET). Patients were switched between aromatase inhibitor/tamoxifen and fulvestrant while continuing abemaciclib, with progression-free survival (PFS) as the primary endpoint. The clinical significance is that rechallenging with abemaciclib may provide a viable option for a post–CDK4/6 inhibitor subgroup with limited prior exposure to abemaciclib.

Nishimura M, Kogawa T, Sugiyama K et al. · Breast cancer research and treatment · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Anatomical and Histologic Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy: Recurrence Patterns Among Poor Responders. A Multi-institutional Observational Cohort Study.

This multi-institutional observational cohort study evaluated how anatomical response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) measured by the Tumor Burden Score ratio (TBSr) and histologic response measured by Tumor Regression Grade (TRG) predict recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). It found that integrating TBSr and TRG improves characterization of recurrence patterns among poor responders following NAT. Clinically, this combined macroscopic–histologic response framework could refine post-hepatectomy risk stratification and guide surveillance or adjuvant strategies for CRLM patients.

Baldo A, Akabane M, Elemosho A et al. · Annals of surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Hematology & bone marrow disorders (anemia/myeloma/HSCT)

Temporal variability in outcomes of identical regimens across newly diagnosed myeloma trials: a systematic review.

This systematic review analyzed temporal variability in progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes for identical myeloma regimens across newly diagnosed multiple myeloma trials, focusing on bortezomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (VRd) and lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd) without transplant. The key finding was that PFS results for the same regimen varied across trials over time, and the review identified factors such as changes in diagnostic criteria (including reclassification of patients previously labeled smoldering myeloma) and informative censoring as contributors. Scientifically and clinically, the work cautions against naive cross-trial comparisons and supports more careful interpretation of regimen efficacy trends in the modern myeloma era.

Mohyuddin GR, Vaquera-Alfaro HA, Godara A et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Redefining functional high-risk multiple myeloma in the context of upfront quadruplet therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

This analysis studied how to redefine functional high-risk (FHR) multiple myeloma in the era of upfront quadruplet therapy plus autologous stem cell transplantation (QUAD + ASCT) by evaluating 310 newly diagnosed patients. The key finding was that the historically used FHR definition (progression within 18 months with expected subsequent overall survival <2 years) may not optimally capture risk under QUAD + ASCT, prompting identification of alternative cutoff(s) associated with outcomes of subsequent therapy. This is clinically significant because it refines risk stratification for treatment planning and trial design in contemporary multiple myeloma care.

Ravi G, Dhakal B, Callander NS et al. · Cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Eltrombopag Added to Standard Immunosuppressive Treatment as Front-Line Therapy for Severe Aplastic Anemia: Long-Term Outcomes of the Phase-3 Randomized Superiority EBMT-SAAWP RACE Study.

This phase 3 randomized superiority study (EBMT-SAAWP RACE; NCT02009747) evaluated whether adding the thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag to first-line immunosuppressive therapy (horse ATG plus cyclosporine A) improves long-term outcomes in treatment-naive severe aplastic anemia patients. The final 2-year analysis showed superior complete response rates with eltrombopag-containing standard IST compared with standard IST alone (arm B vs arm A). The findings support eltrombopag as an effective front-line addition to immunosuppression to improve durable hematologic response in severe aplastic anemia.

Risitano AM, Iacobelli S, Kulasekararaj A et al. · American journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cardiovascular disease prevention & clinical outcomes (guidelines/epidemiology)

Global, regional, and national burden of road injuries 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

This Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 analysis estimated the global, regional, and national incidence, mortality, and morbidity of road injuries for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023. It quantified trends across multiple road injury types and nature-of-injury categories to identify where progress toward road-safety targets has or has not occurred. These surveillance-grade estimates are significant for targeting interventions and evaluating the effectiveness of the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety (2021–2030).

The Lancet. Public health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Implications of the 2026 Dyslipidemia Guideline for Primary Prevention Statin Therapy.

This study modeled the population health impact of the 2026 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/multisociety dyslipidemia guideline on primary prevention statin eligibility among nonpregnant adults aged 30–79 years without known ASCVD using NHANES 2017–2023 data. The guideline’s updated ASCVD risk estimation and expanded statin-eligible populations were projected to change the proportion of adults recommended for statin therapy. These findings are significant for anticipating downstream effects on preventive cardiology practice and health system burden as the 2026 guideline is implemented.

Anderson TS, Wilson LM, Sussman JB · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Heart failure & cardio-metabolic mechanisms (heart–brain axis/metabolic vulnerabilities)

Does Characterization of Phenotypic Heterogeneity Provide Mechanistic Insights or Influence the Response to Treatment? Experience in Positive and Neutral Trials in Patients With Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction.

This article reviewed and analyzed whether characterizing phenotypic heterogeneity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) can yield mechanistic insights or predict treatment response, drawing on experience from positive and neutral HFpEF trials. The key finding was that subgroup analyses based on phenotypic diversity have not reliably identified responders or translated into broadly effective, mechanism-driven therapies. Scientifically, it argues for more rigorous causal and biomarker frameworks beyond descriptive phenotyping to guide HFpEF treatment development.

Packer M, Schiattarella GG, Petrie MC et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Loss of ATP-Dependent Citrate Lyase Drives Left Ventricular Dysfunction by Metabolic Remodeling.

This study investigated the role of ATP-dependent citrate lyase (ACLY/Acly) in human heart tissue and in models of nonischemic cardiomyopathy, using CRISPR-based approaches to perturb ACLY and assess effects on left ventricular function and metabolic remodeling. The key finding was that loss of ATP-dependent citrate lyase drove left ventricular dysfunction by shifting cardiac metabolism through maladaptive remodeling. Clinically, it highlights ACLY as a metabolic vulnerability and potential therapeutic target in heart failure.

Liu S, Gammon ST, Tan L et al. · Circulation · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Small Extracellular Vesicles From Cardiomyocytes Activate Microglia Aggravating HFpEF.

The study investigated whether small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from cardiomyocytes activate hypothalamic microglia and worsen HFpEF using a mouse model combining long-term high-fat diet with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME. sEV-driven microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation were observed, and microglial depletion with PLX3397 suppressed sympathetic activation, linking the heart–brain axis to HFpEF neuroinflammation. These findings support sEV–microglia signaling as a mechanistic contributor to HFpEF and suggest potential therapeutic targets to reduce neuroinflammatory and sympathetic components of disease.

Men L, Wang Q, Ren B et al. · Circulation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Alveolar Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes Exacerbate Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction Through HDAC2 Signalling.

This study investigated whether exosomes derived from cigarette smoke–exposed human alveolar epithelial cells drive skeletal muscle dysfunction in the context of COPD, with emphasis on HDAC2 signaling. Using the exosome inhibitor GW4869 in a cigarette smoke exposure model, it found that alveolar epithelial exosomes exacerbate skeletal muscle dysfunction through HDAC2-dependent pathways. Scientifically, it links lung-derived extracellular vesicle cargo to systemic muscle impairment via HDAC2, suggesting exosome/HDAC2 signaling as a mechanistic therapeutic axis for COPD-related sarcopenia.

Li C, Ou M, Jiang G et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Metabolic disease & lifestyle interventions (diabetes/obesity/fat depots/frailty/aging)

Mechanism of actin thin filament pointed-end elongation by leiomodin.

This mechanistic study investigated how leiomodin (Lmod), particularly leiomodin-2 (Lmod2), promotes actin thin filament pointed-end elongation in striated muscle systems where actin exchange is normally biased to the pointed end. The key finding is that Lmod acts as an additional regulator of pointed-end actin filament growth, complementing known control by nebulin (in skeletal muscle) and capping proteins CapZ and tropomodulin (Tmod). This is significant for understanding the molecular basis of sarcomere length uniformity and actin turnover regulation in muscle physiology and disease.

Brotzman SB, Palmer NJ, Boczkowska M et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Subgroup Analysis of the SUPERBRAIN-MEET Randomized Trial.

This prespecified subgroup analysis of the 24-week SUPERBRAIN-MEET randomized controlled trial studied whether the cognitive effects of a multidomain lifestyle intervention (MLI) delivered via face-to-face sessions plus digital platforms differed by sociodemographic factors, digital readiness, baseline cognition, and vascular risk in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The key finding was that the intervention’s cognitive benefits varied across these baseline and readiness/vascular-risk strata rather than being uniform across all participants. These results support tailoring multidomain lifestyle programs for MCI by identifying which patient subgroups are most likely to benefit.

Kim DA, Lee SM, Sun K et al. · Neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Accelerated Epigenetic and Inflammatory Aging and Intrinsic Capacity.

This population-based cohort study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between accelerated epigenetic aging and accelerated inflammatory aging with intrinsic capacity (IC) overall and by domain, including sex differences and interactions, in older adults. The key finding was that faster epigenetic and inflammatory aging tracked with lower intrinsic capacity and that these aging processes showed meaningful associations (and potential interaction) with IC decline. These results advance preventive, function-oriented aging science by linking molecular aging signatures to measurable capacity for healthy longevity.

Rouch L, De Souto Barreto P, Rolland Y et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether lifestyle modification interventions reduce intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) in humans by synthesizing PubMed/Embase studies. Across included trials, lifestyle changes showed beneficial effects on IPFD as an ectopic fat depot linked to endocrine and exocrine pancreatic disease risk. The results are clinically relevant because they support lifestyle modification as a potential strategy to target pancreatic fat accumulation and thereby reduce future pancreatic disease risk.

Ahmad S, Sul HH, Danpanichkul P et al. · Current obesity reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and All-Cause Overdose Risk in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes and Opioid Use Disorder.

This target trial emulation study used Veterans Health Administration data to assess overdose risk in Veterans with type 2 diabetes and opioid use disorder who initiated semaglutide or tirzepatide versus other diabetes medications. The analysis tested whether GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with reduced all-cause overdose risk in this real-world population. The significance is that it provides replication in a distinct high-risk cohort, informing whether GLP-1RAs could be repurposed to mitigate opioid-related overdose harms.

Kennedy KP, Bremseth-Vining R, Lynch KG et al. · The Journal of clinical psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Gut Metabolism Links Precision Nutrition, Exercise, and Healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster.

This Drosophila melanogaster study used a chemically defined diet to test whether a multimodal longevity intervention—methionine restriction (MR), taurine supplementation (Tau), and moderate exercise—extends lifespan without impairing physiological performance. The combination additively increased lifespan while preserving reproductive capacity and improving locomotor function, and targeted metabolomics with stable isotope tracing indicated increased mitochondrial TCA cycle flux and improved gut redox homeostasis. Scientifically, it supports gut metabolism and mitochondrial energy/redox pathways as central mediators of healthspan-preserving lifespan extension under precision nutrition plus exercise.

Wei F, Liu S, Sun Y et al. · Aging cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Medical Students’ Attitudes, Perceptions, and Self-Reported Familiarity With Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized quantitative survey evidence on medical students’ attitudes, perceptions, and self-reported familiarity with artificial intelligence in healthcare. It emphasized construct harmonization and assessed heterogeneity across settings, rather than pooling disparate health-professional populations or only reporting central estimates. The clinical/educational significance is that it clarifies how AI familiarity and attitudes vary by context and measurement approach, informing curriculum design and future survey standardization.

Zhang W, Han J, Han X et al. · JMIR medical education · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Durability and Safety of Imeglimin as an Add-On to DPP-4 Inhibitors in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes: The 104-Week FAMILIAR Trial.

This multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial (FAMILIAR) evaluated imeglimin 1000 mg twice daily as an add-on to DPP-4 inhibitors in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on DPP-4 monotherapy, with 24 weeks double-blind followed by an 80-week open-label extension (104 weeks total). The key finding was that imeglimin provided durable glycemic efficacy through week 104 with an overall safety profile assessed in the study population, including attention to elderly patients. Clinically, it supports long-term use of imeglimin as combination therapy with DPP-4 inhibitors for sustained HbA1c control.

Shimoda M, Osonoi T, Iwamoto M et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Peptide LKLKLL is a more effective component of Akkermansia muciniphila which regulate glucolipid metabolism through GLP-1/GIP dual modulation.

This preclinical study tested the Akkermansia muciniphila–derived hexapeptide LKLKLL for effects on glucolipid metabolism and incretin signaling in cell and mouse models. It identified LKLKLL in AKK supernatant via metabolomic profiling and showed that LKLKLL reduces body weight in high-fat diet obese mice, improves glucose tolerance in diabetic models, and enhances GLP-1 secretion with GLP-1/GIP dual modulation in STC-1 cells. These findings support LKLKLL as a defined, potentially translatable alternative to live A. muciniphila for obesity/diabetes therapies targeting incretin pathways.

Li Y, Ye D, Fu C et al. · Gut microbes · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of low-dose cannabidiol.

This article reviewed pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety evidence for low-dose cannabidiol (CBD) at doses ≤2.5 mg/kg or ≤175 mg/day (including oral CBD studies ≤150 mg). It found that low-dose CBD produces substantially lower systemic exposure (Cmax and AUC) than typical Epidiolex dosing and that PD studies show little evidence of physical or neurological effects in healthy volunteers. The significance is that it helps contextualize real-world low-dose CBD use by clarifying expected exposure and limited demonstrated effects at these doses.

Warren WG, Osborn M, Yates A et al. · British journal of clinical pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Frailty mediates the association between sleep duration and physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to test whether frailty mediates the association between sleep duration and physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity (PPC-MM) in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses with multivariate logistic regression and Cox models, it assessed nonlinear dose-response relationships (restricted cubic splines) and quantified mediation by frailty. The findings are important because they suggest sleep-related multimorbidity risk may be partly driven through frailty, informing prevention targets in aging populations.

Ding H, Li L, Luo G et al. · Scientific reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Work-to-sleep ratio as a novel marker of NAFLD risk: evidence from U.S. and Korean national cohorts.

This cohort study analyzed whether the work-to-sleep ratio (WSR)—a combined metric of occupational time relative to sleep recovery—predicts risk of NAFLD/MASLD using U.S. and Korean national cohorts. The key finding is that WSR functions as a novel behavioral marker associated with NAFLD risk beyond work hours or sleep duration alone. This is significant because it suggests a more informative, modifiable lifestyle metric for identifying individuals at higher risk for metabolic liver disease.

Zhong Y, Kou Y, Lu Z et al. · Nutrition & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Perioperative/critical care & rehabilitation interventions (pain/ICU/ECMO/nutrition/sarcopenia)

The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for pain management in people with inflammatory arthritis.

A British Society for Rheumatology guideline was developed for pain management in people with inflammatory arthritis (IA), synthesizing evidence from trial data, electronic health record analyses, and patient survey findings. The guideline addresses the observed mismatch between real-world long-term opioid/gabapentinoid prescribing and limited trial evidence, and emphasizes underused non-pharmacological pain care with supportive evidence. This provides an evidence-based, UK-specific framework to improve pain outcomes and reduce reliance on ineffective long-term analgesic strategies in IA.

Scott IC, Smith TM, Babatunde O et al. · Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

COVID-19 and Global Perinatal Health: Lessons Learned on Maternal-Neonatal Outcomes, Infant Feeding Practices, and Healthcare Economics Across Income Settings.

This narrative review synthesized evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected maternal-neonatal outcomes, infant feeding practices, and healthcare economics across high-income and low- and middle-income settings. It found that both direct SARS-CoV-2 infection effects and indirect healthcare-system disruptions were associated with worse perinatal outcomes and altered breastfeeding practices, with substantial financial burden on healthcare institutions that differed by income level. These cross-setting insights are clinically important for designing resilient maternal-newborn care and breastfeeding support during future respiratory pandemics.

Gunasekaran V, Woo S, Shetty AK et al. · American journal of perinatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Immune-Enhancing Nutrition and Outcomes After Radical Cystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase 3 clinical trial (SWOG S1600) studied whether perioperative specialized immunonutrition reduces 30-day complications versus standard oral nutrition support in adults undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. The key finding was that immune-enhancing nutrition improved postoperative outcomes by lowering early complication rates compared with standard nutrition. This supports incorporating specialized immunonutrition into perioperative care to reduce morbidity after radical cystectomy.

Hamilton-Reeves JM, Unger JM, Holzbeierlein JM et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

PROSPECT guideline for total hip arthroplasty: updated systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations.

This updated PROSPECT guideline systematic review evaluated randomized trials and systematic reviews (2020–June 2024) to update procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations for elective primary total hip arthroplasty. It specifically incorporates newer evidence on motor-sparing regional techniques and integrates analgesic efficacy, safety, and functional recovery considerations. Clinically, the guideline aims to standardize perioperative analgesic strategies to improve postoperative pain control and functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty.

Carella M, Bugada D, Van de Velde M et al. · Anaesthesia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Electroacupuncture Treatment on Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Haemodialysis: An Effective Therapy.

This randomized controlled clinical study evaluated electroacupuncture (EA) as a treatment for sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (MHD), comparing 36 participants assigned to EA versus control. The EA group received 24 sessions (30 minutes each, three times per week), and the study concluded EA is an effective therapy for improving sarcopenia outcomes in this population. Clinically, it suggests EA could be a non-pharmacologic adjunct to address muscle wasting in MHD patients.

Chen R, Qian Q, Wang B et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sustainable miniaturized smartphone-coupled TLC platform for innovative cleaning validation: application to tizanidine combinations under challenging concentration ratios.

This work developed a sustainable, miniaturized smartphone-coupled thin-layer chromatography (TLC) platform for at-line cleaning validation of tizanidine (TZN) in combination with aceclofenac (ACF), ibuprofen (IBF), and paracetamol (PRC), addressing carryover risk under challenging concentration ratios. The key finding is that the smartphone-coupled miniaturized TLC approach enables rapid, portable determination of TZN in multi-drug mixtures to support routine cleaning validation monitoring. This is clinically/scientifically significant because it offers a practical, lower-resource analytical tool to reduce cross-contamination risk for narrow-therapeutic-index, high-abuse-potential drugs like tizanidine.

Abd El-Aziz MO, Nadim AH, Monir HH et al. · Scientific reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hemoperfusion during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 8,151 patients.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated adults receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with hemoperfusion (ECMO+HP) versus ECMO alone, using data from 8,151 patients across randomized and non-randomized studies. The key finding is the pooled assessment of hemoperfusion’s effect on all-cause mortality (with subgroup analyses by ECMO type—VA vs VV—and etiology—cardiogenic shock vs cardiac arrest), alongside formal risk-of-bias evaluation and trial sequential analysis. This is clinically significant because it clarifies the efficacy and safety of adding hemoperfusion to ECMO in critically ill adult populations.

Xie T, Yang C, Tao H et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sodium bicarbonate therapy in severe metabolic acidemia: an individual patient data meta-analysis of the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 trials.

This individual patient data meta-analysis pooled the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 randomized trials to test intravenous sodium bicarbonate titrated to pH ≥ 7.30 versus no bicarbonate in adults with severe metabolic acidemia (pH ≤ 7.20). The key finding is the combined estimate of effects on 90-day mortality and renal replacement therapy (RRT) use, including exploration of heterogeneity across prespecified subgroups. This is significant because it provides higher-resolution evidence to guide bicarbonate use in severe metabolic acidemia and to identify patient groups most likely to benefit.

Fosset M, Pensier J, Jabaudon M et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lyophilized platelet derived extracellular vesicles promote hemostasis and attenuate intracranial hemorrhage following traumatic brain injury.

This study evaluated whether lyophilized platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (LPEVs) can promote hemostasis and reduce intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a murine TBI model, with characterization by flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Nanosight and functional testing on human brain endothelial cell monolayers. LPEV treatment improved hemostatic outcomes, attenuated ICH, and preserved blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity compared with controls. The results support LPEVs as a translational, cell-derived therapeutic approach to mitigate acute hemorrhagic complications of TBI.

Trivedi A, Miyazawa B, Fields AT et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy of magnesium-calcium ionic oral rinse for primary burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied the efficacy and safety of a magnesium–calcium ionic oral rinse in patients with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS). The key finding was that the magnesium–calcium oral rinse improved clinical outcomes compared with placebo while maintaining acceptable safety in this patient population. The trial supports local modulation of the oral ionic microenvironment as a potential treatment strategy for primary BMS with fewer systemic adverse effects than conventional therapies.

Carrió N, Garawani BE, Alahmad A et al. · BMC oral health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

---

Generated automatically on July 23, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.