PubMed Trending Research Digest — July 27, 2026

Automated digest · 96 articles · 15 research areas · July 27, 2026

Overview

This week’s digest is dominated by translational immunology and precision targeting across cancer, infection, and immune-mediated disease. Several studies advance next-generation immune modalities—solid-tumor CAR T (claudin 18.2 in gastric cancer), T cell engagers/ImmTAC approaches, and CD47-directed NK engagers—while mechanistic work links immune evasion to viral cell–cell fusion (SARS‑CoV‑2 syncytia) and to tumor/immune microenvironment remodeling via exosomes and innate immune pathways (e.g., macrophage NOD1/2–RIPK2). Complementary biomarker efforts (plasma proteomics and tau/phospho-tau panels; tumor microenvironment programs in ESCC) emphasize scalable diagnostics and stratification to match therapies to biology.

A second major theme is mechanism-first biology that connects metabolism, cellular stress, and disease progression. In oncology, metabolism-to-metastasis and resistance axes recur: ADSL–fumarate signaling drives TNBC dissemination; a 5‑FU metabolite (FBAL) creates a β‑arrestin1–S1PR2–DPD resistance loop; and multiple studies highlight how ubiquitin-proteasome and epitranscriptomic/RNA-processing pathways shape tumor behavior. In cardiovascular and neurodegenerative contexts, mitochondrial/lysosomal renewal pathways, heart-to-brain inflammatory signaling in HFpEF, and complement activation in early synucleinopathy all point to immune-metabolic crosstalk as a therapeutic opportunity.

Finally, the clinical and public-health landscape includes evidence updates and trial/guideline work spanning respiratory care (RSV prophylaxis, biologics for CRSwNP, prone positioning in ARDS), cardiovascular prevention (statin eligibility impact), and perioperative/critical care (pain management after hip arthroplasty, immunonutrition for cystectomy, and bicarbonate/hemoperfusion evidence synthesis). Together, these articles reinforce a broader shift toward biomarker-guided, mechanism-informed interventions—paired with careful evaluation of real-world effectiveness and safety.

---

Solid Tumor Immunotherapy & CAR/T Cell Therapies

First CAR T-Cell Therapy Approved for Solid Tumors.

China studied satricabtagene autoleucel (satri-cel), a claudin 18.2–targeting CAR T-cell therapy, in patients with claudin 18.2-positive, HER2-negative gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer. In a phase II trial, the CAR T cells increased both progression-free survival and overall survival. This first solid-tumor CAR T approval is clinically significant but highlights the need for further work to improve CAR T efficacy in solid tumors.

Cancer discovery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

γδ T cells show distinct responses to CMV after stem cell transplantation.

This study investigated how γδ T cells respond to cytomegalovirus (CMV) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) by tracking T cell clones over time. Using longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing combined with paired T cell receptor sequencing across five post-transplant time points, it found patient-specific expansion of non-Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cell clones, particularly within Vδ1+ and Vδ3+ subsets, associated with differences related to CMV reactivation (abstract truncated). These results improve mechanistic understanding of immune reconstitution after aHSCT and may inform CMV monitoring or γδ T cell–based immunotherapeutic strategies.

Sibbertsen F, Song Z, Ly C et al. · Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cancer Immunotherapy Beyond Checkpoint Blockade (TCEs/ADCs/Immune Modulators)

Phase 1/2 study of IMC-C103C, a T cell receptor bispecific (MAGE-A4×CD3) ImmTAC targeting MAGE-A4-expressing malignancies.

This phase 1/2 clinical study evaluated IMC-C103C, a T cell receptor bispecific ImmTAC (MAGE-A4×CD3) targeting the MAGE-A4 cancer-testis antigen presented by HLA-A02:01, in advanced solid tumors. In HLA-A02:01+ patients receiving weekly intravenous IMC-C103C with step-up dosing, the trial assessed safety and preliminary anti-tumor activity alongside pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and biomarkers. The study design and early results framework are intended to establish whether this HLA-restricted MAGE-A4–directed T cell engager can produce clinically meaningful responses with an acceptable safety profile.

Sweis RF, Melero I, Davar D et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Beyond immune checkpoint blockade: T cell engagers and antibody-drug conjugates in cancer and autoimmune disease.

This review examined next-generation immunotherapies beyond immune checkpoint blockade, focusing on T cell engagers (TCEs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in cancer and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs). It reports that TCEs can redirect cytotoxic T cells to targets independently of MHC restriction, while ADCs deliver cytotoxic payloads via receptor-mediated internalization, addressing limitations such as resistance and on-target toxicity. The synthesis frames how these modalities—and examples like the CD47/SIRPα axis—could expand therapeutic options for both oncology and autoimmune disease.

Abdelaziz AM, Shokr MM · Biochemical pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Therapeutic targeting of CD47 using a tri-specific NK cell engager to inhibit multiple myeloma.

This preclinical study investigated a tri-specific NK cell engager designed to therapeutically target CD47 to inhibit multiple myeloma (MM). The key finding was that engaging CD47 with the tri-specific construct enhanced anti-myeloma immune activity by blocking the CD47–SIRPα “don’t eat me” pathway, thereby promoting phagocytosis and NK cell function. This is significant because it provides mechanistic and therapeutic rationale for CD47-targeted NK engagers as a strategy to overcome resistance in MM.

Sumankan R, Sungwan P, Boonsatit N et al. · Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted mRNA Delivery Using Bispecific Antibody-Lipid Nanoparticle Complexes.

This study developed a targeted mRNA delivery platform using bispecific antibody–lipid nanoparticle complexes (TbsAb-LNPs) to improve extrahepatic RNA delivery by enabling tissue/cell-specific enrichment. The authors created and used an antibody-based targeting LNP system that binds LNP polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a second target (the abstract truncates the specific second antigen and experimental readouts). Scientifically, it provides a modular approach to model targeted uptake in vitro and supports translation of targeted LNPs for individualized mRNA therapeutics.

Hickey JC, Roach T, Cassaidy B et al. · Molecular pharmaceutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Cancer Metastasis, Invasion & Tumor Biology Mechanisms

α-fluoro-β-alanine functions as a β-arrestin1-biased ligand of S1PR2 to upregulate DPD expression in cancer cells.

This work investigated how the α-fluoro-β-alanine (FBAL) metabolite of the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) functions in colorectal cancer cells, focusing on β-arrestin1-biased signaling through sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2). The key finding was that FBAL acts as a β-arrestin1-biased ligand of S1PR2, leading to GRK6-dependent phosphorylation of S1PR2, upregulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and increased 5-FU resistance. Clinically, this identifies a drug-metabolite–GPCR–DPD axis that could be targeted to overcome 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer.

Tan M, Shao H, Zhang X et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondrial SLC25A46 Rewires Fatty Acid Oxidation to Promote Cell Proliferation and Ferroptosis Evasion in Ovarian Cancer by Stabilizing CACT.

This study investigated how mitochondrial SLC25A46 promotes ovarian cancer growth and ferroptosis evasion by rewiring fatty acid oxidation, focusing on stabilization of the carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) and its regulation by MARCHF5. The key finding was that SLC25A46 upregulation enhanced fatty acid oxidation–driven ATP and NADPH production, thereby supporting proliferation and ferroptosis resistance in ovarian cancer cells. This is significant because it identifies the SLC25A46–CACT axis as a mechanistic vulnerability that could be targeted to overcome ferroptosis evasion in ovarian cancer.

Gao Y, Hao J, Zhang X et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Inhibition of the Metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Metastasis via the PEDF/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

This mechanistic cancer study examined whether inhibiting the metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis and through which pathway. It reports that ADAMTS5 is upregulated in CRC tissues versus paracancerous tissues and that higher ADAMTS5 expression correlates with worse prognosis, then links ADAMTS5 inhibition to reduced metastasis via the PEDF/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis (details truncated). These findings position ADAMTS5 as a potential therapeutic target to block CRC metastatic progression through modulation of Wnt/β-catenin-driven pathways.

Sun X, Zhang H, Hu Y et al. · Cancer medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ADSL drives fumarate mediated scrib-rictor complex formation to promote metastasis dissemination in triple-negative breast cancer.

This study investigated how the metabolic enzyme ADSL drives fumarate-mediated SLC7A11/Rictor (Scrib-Rictor) complex formation to promote metastasis dissemination in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. Using untargeted metabolomics, chemoproteomic succination profiling, interaction analyses, and in vivo metastasis assays, the authors found that ADSL-driven fumarate signaling promotes Scrib-Rictor complex formation and enhances metastatic spread. These findings identify a metabolism-to-metastasis mechanism in TNBC that could support targeting ADSL/fumarate-dependent pathways to limit dissemination.

Fan Y, He X, Deng W et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cancer Genomics, Epigenetics & RNA Regulation

Promoter strength and position govern promoter competition through transcript-dependent insulation.

This study investigated how promoter strength and genomic position govern promoter competition using engineered promoter insertions into defined sites within the Sox2 locus. The key finding is that the reduction in endogenous Sox2 transcription correlates with inserted promoter strength, and that competition requires transcription from the inserted promoter, with longer transcripts producing more competition via transcript-dependent insulation. This is significant for understanding how regulatory elements compete in development and disease and for predicting outcomes of promoter engineering.

Koska M, Nagano M, Swigut T et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A bivalent molecular glue linking lysine acetyltransferases to oncogene-induced cell death.

This study created lysine acetyltransferase (KAT)-based chemically induced proximity (CIP) molecules, termed KAT-TCIPs, to link p300/CBP to oncogene-repressed cell-death networks in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The lead KAT-TCIP reprogrammed the epigenome to activate apoptosis by redirecting p300/CBP to drive death-network transcriptional/epigenetic changes suppressed by the oncogenic driver BCL6. Mechanistically targeted epigenome reprogramming via molecular glue offers a potential small-molecule route to induce selective tumor cell death and reduce relapse risk.

Nix MN, Gourisankar S, Bowman KJ et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structures of dynamic interactors at native proteasomes by PhIX-MS and cryo-electron microscopy.

This structural proteomics study introduced PhIX-MS (photo-induced in situ crosslinking-mass spectrometry) combined with cryo-electron microscopy to capture transient, dynamic interactions at native proteasomes. Applying the workflow to proteasome regulatory particles (RPs), the authors mapped the redox sensor TXNL1 and its dynamic thioredoxin-like domain near RPN2/PSMD1 and RPN13/ADRM1, including RP structures bound to TXNL1. The approach provides a way to define how low-affinity interactors coordinate substrate reduction prior to proteolysis in living cells.

Lee K, Negi H, Chen X et al. · Molecular cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A genome-wide functional analysis of conserved intronic regions reveals essential roles for speckle-associated retained introns.

This study conducted a genome-wide functional screen of conserved human intronic regions using a dual CRISPR-Cas editing strategy to delete 2,600 evolutionarily conserved intronic segments enriched for intron retention. The key finding was that a subset of these conserved “fitness” intronic regions affects cell growth by altering intron retention and host gene expression, with nuclear speckle-associated retained introns in FNBP4 and DDX5 producing downstream effects. These findings establish conserved retained introns as functional regulatory elements and advance mechanistic understanding of RNA processing in gene regulation.

Farhangmehr S, Braunschweig U, Wu M et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multiomics integrative bioinformatics analysis of gene expression characteristics and molecular mechanisms in preeclampsia placental tissue.

This integrative multiomics bioinformatics study analyzed preeclampsia placental tissue by combining multiple placental transcriptome datasets and single-cell sequencing data from GEO using differential expression, WGCNA, and machine-learning approaches to define molecular mechanisms and subtypes. The key output was identification of gene expression characteristics and molecular pathways associated with preeclampsia, including co-expression modules and predictive features used to cluster molecular subtypes (as described in the abstract). Clinically, such multi-dataset, single-cell-informed signatures could support improved molecular stratification and discovery of candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets for preeclampsia.

Li N, Tian L, Wei H · Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pan-cancer proteogenomic interrogation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

This study used harmonized pan-cancer proteogenomic data from up to 11 CPTAC cohorts to interrogate how somatic cancer-driver alterations remodel the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) at the protein level, focusing on UPS protein dysregulation and mutation-driven remodeling (with emphasis on TP53 loss). It found that mRNA levels poorly predict UPS protein abundance, that a recurrent set of E3 ligases is dysregulated across cancers, and that somatic mutations generate coherent UPS protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) signatures, with TP53 loss producing particularly strong effects. These findings support UPS proteins (rather than transcripts) as actionable biomarkers and provide mechanistic targets for therapies aimed at mutation-specific UPS remodeling.

González-Robles TJ, Khan M, Sastourné P et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

RNA modifications in cancer: regulators of tumor evolution and therapeutic response.

This review summarized how RNA modifications (including m6A, m1A, m5C, m7G, pseudouridine, and A-to-I editing) regulate cancer evolution and therapeutic response through the epitranscriptomic network of writers, readers, and erasers. The key finding is that dysregulated RNA modification pathways can control transcript stability and translation efficiency, thereby shaping tumor progression and treatment sensitivity/resistance. Scientifically, it highlights RNA-modification enzymes and pathways as candidate therapeutic targets and biomarkers for precision oncology.

Gu X, He Y, Xu Z et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tumor evolution: signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

This review applied the concept of tumor evolution to describe signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic targets, emphasizing how modern technologies (high-throughput sequencing, single-cell and spatial omics, lineage tracing, computational modeling, and noninvasive biopsy) enable dynamic tracking of heterogeneity. The key finding is that evolutionary frameworks combined with multi-omics and lineage approaches can better explain adaptive plasticity and treatment-driven selection in advanced cancers. This supports evolution-informed therapeutic targeting strategies designed to anticipate and counter tumor adaptation.

Zhang KY, Zhu XZ, Yan YX et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cancer Microenvironment, Resistance & Biomarkers

NOD1/2 signaling in macrophages drives adaptive immune resistance in cancer.

This study tested the role of NOD1/2 signaling in macrophages in adaptive immune resistance to cancer therapies using murine tumor models and mechanistic perturbations. It showed that genetic ablation of NOD1/2 or RIPK2 and pharmacologic inhibition of the pathway reduced resistance across multiple antitumor modalities, including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive T-cell therapy, and cytotoxic chemotherapy. These results position macrophage NOD1/2–RIPK2 signaling as a tractable target to overcome therapy resistance in the tumor microenvironment.

Wei X, Yang L, Wang Y et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

RNA exonuclease REXO4 resolves m6A-marked R-loops and suppresses anti-tumor immunity.

This study investigated how the RNA exonuclease REXO4 resolves N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-marked R-loops and how this affects anti-tumor immunity in human cells and a mouse model. REXO4 removed R-loops by 3’-5’ exonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA strand within RNA-DNA hybrids, with m6A promoting REXO4 localization to R-loops; REXO4 loss increased DNA damage, triggered interferon responses, and enhanced tumor immune infiltration. These findings identify REXO4 as a regulator of R-loop homeostasis that can suppress anti-tumor immunity, suggesting a potential immunomodulatory target.

Zhang J, Bao K, Hou Y et al. · Molecular cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-Cell Analysis of Residual Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy Reveals TFAM-Mediated Immunoregulation in Dendritic Cells.

This study performed single-cell analysis of tumor microenvironment (TME) features in 14 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) to explain differential treatment responses. Using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), it identified immunoregulatory programs linked to minimal/no pathological tumor regression and implicated TFAM-mediated immunoregulation in dendritic cells. These findings suggest TFAM-driven dendritic-cell immune regulation as a potential biomarker and mechanistic target for improving nICT responsiveness in ESCC.

Chen L, Feng T, Zhou J et al. · Cancer research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Immune checkpoint profiling of B7-H proteins predicts survival and treatment response in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

This retrospective cohort study profiled immune checkpoint B7-H family proteins (B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H7) in primary tumor specimens from 145 patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and correlated expression with aggressiveness, treatment response, and survival. Using immunohistochemistry, it found marked intratumoral heterogeneity and compartmentalized expression patterns, with B7-H3 present in both tumor cells and stromal compartments, and associations with prognosis and treatment response (full statistical relationships are truncated). These findings suggest that B7-H protein immune checkpoint profiling could help predict survival and therapeutic response in metastatic ccRCC.

Emaldi M, Rey-Iborra E, Mosteiro L et al. · The journal of pathology. Clinical research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dual-targeting pharmacological UFMylation inhibition reprograms tumor and immune microenvironments to achieve long-term glioblastoma regression.

This study investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of UFMylation—targeting the UFMylation E3 ligase complex core protein DDRGK1—can reprogram tumor and immune microenvironments to treat glioblastoma, using two DDRGK1 inhibitors (osimertinib via a covalent mechanism and the novel non-covalent inhibitor CP-24). It found that both compounds disrupt the DDRGK1–UFL1 interaction, globally suppress UFMylation, inhibit ER-phagy, and induce ER stress, leading to long-term glioblastoma regression with microenvironmental reprogramming. These results identify DDRGK1/UFMylation as a druggable vulnerability and suggest a therapeutic strategy that couples tumor control with immune microenvironment modulation.

Tan P, Liu Z, Hu X et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Exosomes in cancer drug resistance: dual roles in therapy failure and emerging precision therapeutics.

This translational review examined exosomes in cancer drug resistance, focusing on how tumor-derived exosomal cargo contributes to therapy failure and how exosomes can be leveraged for precision therapeutics. The key finding is the “exosome paradox”: exosomes transfer resistance-promoting proteins (e.g., P-gp, PD-L1), nucleic acids (e.g., miR-21, lncRNA H19), and other bioactive cargo that remodel the tumor microenvironment and activate pathways such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK, while also serving as potential therapeutic delivery vehicles. This frames exosome cargo and biology as both mechanistic drivers of resistance and practical targets/platforms for next-generation precision treatments.

Tegegne BA, Belew H, Teffera ZH et al. · Cancer cell international · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Targeted Oncology (Kinase/Pathway Inhibition & Precision Medicine)

Ligand regulation and function of preformed EGFR dimers.

This study used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structural basis of ligand regulation and function of preformed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dimers. The key finding was a detailed structural view showing how preformed EGFR dimers are regulated, refining the classic ligand-induced dimerization model for EGFR activation. This mechanistic structural insight can inform more precise therapeutic strategies targeting EGFR dimerization/activation states in cancer.

Zuo Y, Schwartz HT, Walker K et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer: Targeting KRAS and Beyond.

This review article discussed precision medicine strategies in advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer, focusing on targeting mutant KRAS and related pathways enabled by emerging KRAS inhibitors and trial evidence such as RASolute 302. The key finding is that KRAS inhibition has demonstrated clinically meaningful activity in metastatic pancreatic cancer, expanding the proportion of patients potentially eligible for targeted therapy beyond previously “undruggable” assumptions. This is significant because it supports a shift from broadly cytotoxic chemotherapy toward genotype-directed treatment in pancreatic cancer.

Schürmann H, Park W, O’Kane GM et al. · Targeted oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tailored strategies to overcome third-generation TKI resistance in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

This review article summarized evidence on tailored strategies to overcome third-generation EGFR TKI resistance in EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It highlights resistance mechanisms including on-target EGFR alterations such as C797S and other secondary kinase mutations, off-target pathway activation (e.g., MET or HER2 amplification, RAS–MAPK signaling, and oncogenic fusions), and neuroendocrine transformation to small-cell lung cancer. The scientific significance is that mapping these resistance routes can guide rational combination or sequencing strategies to improve outcomes beyond standard third-generation EGFR inhibition.

Saporita I, Farinea G, Lombardi E et al. · Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Clinical Oncology Trials & Treatment Optimization

Incidence, risk factors and tumor spectrum of second primary cancers after gastric cancer: a multicenter cohort study with long-term follow-up.

This multicenter cohort study evaluated long-term incidence, risk factors, and tumor spectrum of second primary cancers (SPCs) in gastric cancer survivors who underwent curative-intent radical gastrectomy (2007–2021) in the MAGIS cohort. The key findings identify the long-term risk of SPCs and clinical factors associated with SPC occurrence, along with patterns and stage distribution during follow-up. These results are significant for guiding surveillance strategies and risk stratification after gastrectomy.

Gao X, Han W, Lu L et al. · BMC medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Patient-reported Outcomes After Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy at 5 yr: Results from the PACE-B Trial.

This study reported 5-year patient-reported outcomes from the phase 3, international PACE-B trial in men with localized prostate cancer randomized to stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CRT). At 5 years, urinary incontinence outcomes were favourable and comparable between SBRT and CRT, with leak-free rates reported as 64% (164/…). The findings support long-term patient-centered tolerability of SBRT relative to CRT, informing shared decision-making in prostate radiotherapy.

Cooper S, Patel J, Moore C et al. · European urology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immune-Enhancing Nutrition and Outcomes After Radical Cystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial (SWOG S1600) studied whether perioperative specialized immunonutrition reduces 30-day complications compared with standard oral nutrition support in adults undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. The key finding was that immune-enhancing immunonutrition improved postoperative outcomes by lowering early complication rates relative to standard nutrition. Clinically, it supports using targeted perioperative nutrition to reduce morbidity in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

Hamilton-Reeves JM, Unger JM, Holzbeierlein JM et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Abemaciclib rechallenge after progression on abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: results from the phase II again study (WJOG14220B).

This phase II again study evaluated abemaciclib rechallenge in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients who progressed after prior abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy (ET), using switching strategies between aromatase inhibitor/tamoxifen and fulvestrant (FUL) while continuing abemaciclib. The key finding was that continuing abemaciclib with endocrine switching after progression produced measurable progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes in this post–CDK4/6 inhibitor setting. This is clinically significant because it tests whether abemaciclib rechallenge can provide benefit for a subset of patients after earlier CDK4/6 inhibitor exposure.

Nishimura M, Kogawa T, Sugiyama K et al. · Breast cancer research and treatment · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TANGENT study design: a phase III, randomized study of emactuzumab for the treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumors.

The TANGENT phase III randomized study evaluated emactuzumab, a CSF-1R inhibiting monoclonal antibody, in patients with tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT) who were candidates for systemic therapy. The trial design targets tumor-associated macrophage reduction by blocking CSF-1R dimerization, aiming to improve outcomes in TGCT where surgery is often not feasible or has high post-surgical recurrence. If successful, this would support a more durable, mechanism-based non-surgical treatment option for TGCT by directly inhibiting the CSF-1R pathway driving macrophage-mediated tumor growth.

Gelderblom H, Palmerini E, van de Sande M et al. · Future oncology (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Temporal variability in outcomes of identical regimens across newly diagnosed myeloma trials: a systematic review.

This systematic review assessed temporal variability in progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes for identical regimens across newly diagnosed multiple myeloma trials, focusing on bortezomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (VRd) and lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd) without transplant. It analyzed how changes in diagnostic criteria (notably the 2014 reclassification of smoldering myeloma) and informative censoring may contribute to differences in PFS for the same regimen across trials (quantitative findings are truncated). Scientifically and clinically, it cautions against naive cross-trial comparisons and highlights factors that can bias apparent regimen efficacy over time.

Mohyuddin GR, Vaquera-Alfaro HA, Godara A et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Redefining functional high-risk multiple myeloma in the context of upfront quadruplet therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

This analysis studied how to redefine functional high-risk (FHR) multiple myeloma in the era of upfront quadruplet therapy plus autologous stem cell transplantation (QUAD + ASCT) using 310 newly diagnosed patients. By examining progression events over a median follow-up of 41.8 months, the authors sought an optimal FHR cutoff and evaluated factors associated with outcomes of subsequent therapy (key results are truncated). The work is significant because it updates risk stratification criteria to better predict prognosis under modern induction and transplant strategies.

Ravi G, Dhakal B, Callander NS et al. · Cancer · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Anatomical and Histologic Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy: Recurrence Patterns Among Poor Responders. A Multi-institutional Observational Cohort Study.

This multi-institutional observational cohort study evaluated how anatomical response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), quantified by the Tumor Burden Score ratio (TBSr), and histologic response, assessed by Tumor Regression Grade (TRG), relate to recurrence patterns after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). It found that combining TBSr-based macroscopic response with TRG-based histologic response improves characterization of recurrence patterns among poor responders (details truncated in the abstract). Clinically, this supports more precise post-NAT risk stratification to guide surveillance and potential escalation strategies after curative-intent surgery for CRLM.

Baldo A, Akabane M, Elemosho A et al. · Annals of surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Eltrombopag Added to Standard Immunosuppressive Treatment as Front-Line Therapy for Severe Aplastic Anemia: Long-Term Outcomes of the Phase-3 Randomized Superiority EBMT-SAAWP RACE Study.

This phase 3 randomized superiority trial studied whether adding eltrombopag to standard immunosuppressive therapy (horse ATG plus cyclosporine A) improves long-term outcomes in treatment-naïve severe aplastic anemia patients. In the final 2-year analysis of the EBMT-SAAWP RACE study (NCT02009747), eltrombopag plus standard IST produced a significantly higher 2-year cumulative incidence of complete response than standard IST alone. The findings support eltrombopag as an effective front-line intensification strategy to improve durable hematologic response in severe aplastic anemia.

Risitano AM, Iacobelli S, Kulasekararaj A et al. · American journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Neurodegeneration: Biomarkers, Pathogenesis & Disease Modeling

Plasma proteome profiling identified biomarkers for the differential diagnosis and molecular staging of neurodegenerative dementias.

This study used large-scale plasma proteomics to develop and test blood-based protein signatures for differential diagnosis and molecular staging across neurodegenerative dementias in 1,318 samples from international cohorts. It identified more than 200 dysregulated proteins, with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) most strongly increasing along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum and integrin alpha-V and integrin alpha-M (ITGAV/ITGAM) consistently reduced across disease groups. The results support scalable plasma protein biomarkers to distinguish Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia and to stage disease progression clinically.

Bellomo G, Vermunt L, In ‘t Veld S et al. · Nature aging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Use of blood-based neurofilament light chain as an endpoint in clinical trials of neurodegenerative conditions: a scoping review.

This scoping review examined the use of blood-based neurofilament light chain (serum or plasma NfL) as an endpoint in interventional clinical trials for neurodegenerative conditions published from 2013–2024. It found that blood NfL is increasingly used to quantify neuroaxonal injury and can serve as a feasible trial endpoint, with variability in assay type, sampling, and analytical approaches across studies. This is significant for trial design because standardizing blood NfL measurement could improve comparability and accelerate biomarker-driven evaluation of neurodegenerative therapies.

Zheng Y, Bhalala OG, Chin KS et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Soluble high-molecular-weight amyloid-β species derived from amyloid-β-laden brains induce cerebral β-amyloidosis.

This study investigated whether soluble high-molecular-weight amyloid-β (Aβ) species (>150 kDa) isolated from amyloid-β-laden brains—prepared by size-exclusion chromatography from amyloid-β precursor protein transgenic mice and from patients with Alzheimer’s disease—can seed and accelerate cerebral β-amyloidosis. Intrahippocampal injection of these soluble >150 kDa Aβ species dramatically accelerated β-amyloidosis in transgenic mouse brains compared with controls (the abstract truncates the comparator details). Scientifically, it identifies a specific soluble Aβ strain property (high molecular weight) that can act as an in vivo aggregation seed, advancing understanding of Alzheimer’s disease propagation.

Kashiwagi-Hakozaki M, Uchigami H, Naka Y et al. · Brain communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Distribution of Big Tau Isoforms in the Human Central and Peripheral Nervous System.

This study used mass spectrometry to characterize the distribution of “big tau” (tau isoforms containing exon 4a) across the human central and peripheral nervous system and assessed disease relevance using postmortem tissue from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and controls. It found that big tau isoform composition varies by anatomic region, with big tau being expressed in both CNS and PNS structures, and it evaluated how these patterns relate to neurodegenerative disease states (abstract truncated). Mapping big tau isoforms with MS provides a more precise biomarker framework for understanding tau biology beyond canonical “small” tau in neurodegeneration.

Koppisetti RK, Barthélemy NR, Horie K et al. · Annals of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Blood-based multimodal biomarker models for differentiating early-onset Alzheimer’s disease from frontotemporal dementia: a longitudinal study of early-onset dementia and family members (LEAF) study.

This longitudinal LEAF study assessed whether blood-based plasma biomarkers—p-tau217, p-tau181, neurofilament light (NfL), and GFAP measured by immunoassays—can differentiate early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) from early-onset frontotemporal dementia (EOFTD) in people aged ≤65 years. The authors found high discriminative performance for plasma p-tau217 (AUC 0.831) and p-tau181 (AUC 0.862), enabling differentiation between EOAD and EOFTD. These results support using plasma phosphorylated tau assays as practical blood-based diagnostic tools in early-onset dementia populations.

Kwon HS, Moon SY, Hwang M et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

---

Neuroinflammation, Glia & Brain Immune Mechanisms

Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease.

This review studied microglial state diversity across development, brain region, sex, age, genotype, and environment, focusing on how modern multi-omics approaches reshape microglial classification. It found that single-cell/single-nucleus transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility profiling, and spatial multi-omics support a multidimensional microglial state space rather than binary “resting vs activated” or M1/M2 categories. The scientific significance is that it provides a framework for interpreting microglial roles in brain homeostasis and disease with higher resolution.

Eggen BJL, Kooistra SM · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Complement dysregulation during the early phases of synucleinopathy.

This study examined complement dysregulation during early phases of synucleinopathy in a rat α-syn preclinical model (details truncated in the abstract). The key finding is that complement activation occurs in relation to pathological α-syn before overt neurodegeneration, addressing whether complement is directly triggered by α-syn pathology. This is significant for clarifying immune mechanisms that may drive Parkinson’s disease progression and for identifying potential complement-targeted interventions.

Khan H, Gifford M, Kordbacheh A et al. · Acta neuropathologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Genome-wide association analyses of borderline personality disorder identify 11 loci and highlight shared risk with mental and somatic disorders.

This study performed the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in European-ancestry participants (12,339 cases and 1,041,717 controls for discovery; 685 cases and 107,750 controls for replication). It identified 11 independent associated genomic loci and 9 risk genes, with SNP-heritability of 17.3% and polygenic scores (PGS) explaining 4.6% of BPD liability-scale variance. These findings improve genetic risk stratification for BPD and highlight shared genetic architecture with mental and somatic disorders, supporting cross-disorder biology for future mechanistic work and prediction.

Streit F, Awasthi S, Hall ASM et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cardiovascular Metabolism & Heart Failure Mechanisms

Mechanism of actin thin filament pointed-end elongation by leiomodin.

This mechanistic study investigated how leiomodin (Lmod), particularly leiomodin-2 (Lmod2), promotes actin thin filament pointed-end elongation in striated muscle systems. The key finding is that Lmod2 acts as an additional regulator of pointed-end actin dynamics, complementing known control by nebulin (length ruler) and the capping proteins CapZ and tropomodulin (Tmod). This is significant for understanding how sarcomere actin filament length uniformity is maintained during rapid turnover.

Brotzman SB, Palmer NJ, Boczkowska M et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondrial-derived vesicles drive budding-type fission of damaged lysosomes.

Researchers studied how mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) regulate lysosomal renewal by driving budding-type fission (B-fission) of damaged lysosomes during hypoxia–reoxygenation stress. They found that damaged lysosomes form membrane buds that undergo scission to generate small, functional lysosomes independently of autophagic lysosome reformation, with MDVs delivering the fission adaptor MFF to recruit DRP1. This is significant because it reveals a distinct, mitochondria-linked pathway for restoring lysosomal function under stress.

Luo Y, Yu J, Li Z et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Does Characterization of Phenotypic Heterogeneity Provide Mechanistic Insights or Influence the Response to Treatment? Experience in Positive and Neutral Trials in Patients With Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction.

This article reviewed and analyzed whether characterizing phenotypic heterogeneity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) improves mechanistic understanding or treatment response prediction, drawing on experience from positive and neutral HFpEF trials. The key finding was that despite extensive subgrouping efforts, phenotypic heterogeneity characterization has not reliably identified responders or translated into broadly effective targeted therapies. Scientifically, it highlights limitations of current heterogeneity approaches and underscores the need for better causal frameworks and trial designs in HFpEF.

Packer M, Schiattarella GG, Petrie MC et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Loss of ATP-Dependent Citrate Lyase Drives Left Ventricular Dysfunction by Metabolic Remodeling.

This study examined the role of ATP-dependent citrate lyase (ACL/ACLY) in human heart disease by analyzing human heart tissue from healthy donors and patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and using CRISPR-based approaches to perturb ACL. The key finding was that loss of ACL drives left ventricular dysfunction through metabolic remodeling, consistent with impaired acetyl-CoA production and downstream lipid synthesis programs. These results position ACL as a metabolic regulator and potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating left ventricular dysfunction in nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

Liu S, Gammon ST, Tan L et al. · Circulation · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Small Extracellular Vesicles From Cardiomyocytes Activate Microglia Aggravating HFpEF.

This mouse study investigated whether small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from cardiomyocytes activate hypothalamic microglia and worsen heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Using an HFpEF model combining long-term high-fat diet with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME, the authors found microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation, and microglial depletion with PLX3397 suppressed sympathetic activation (with sEVs implicated in the aggravation). These findings support a heart-to-brain inflammatory mechanism in HFpEF and suggest that targeting sEV–microglia signaling could be a therapeutic strategy to reduce neuroinflammation and sympathetic overdrive.

Men L, Wang Q, Ren B et al. · Circulation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Activity-based proteomics analysis revealed that DNJ directly targeted ATP5F1 to alleviate high glucose induced cardiomyocyte injury.

This study examined whether the natural alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) directly targets ATP5F1 to protect cardiomyocytes from high-glucose–induced injury. Using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to identify DNJ-binding proteins, followed by mechanistic and functional assays in high-glucose cardiomyocyte injury models, the authors found that DNJ directly binds ATP5F1 and alleviates mitochondrial injury and cardiomyocyte damage. This provides a specific molecular target (ATP5F1) for DNJ’s cardioprotective effects, supporting further development of DNJ or ATP5F1-directed strategies for diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Li X, Chen Y, Yang H et al. · Cell communication and signaling : CCS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Cardiovascular Risk, Prevention & Epidemiology

Implications of the 2026 Dyslipidemia Guideline for Primary Prevention Statin Therapy.

This study assessed the population health impact of the 2026 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/multisociety dyslipidemia guideline on primary prevention statin eligibility among nonpregnant adults aged 30–79 years without known ASCVD in NHANES 2017–2023. The guideline’s updated ASCVD risk estimation and expanded statin-eligible populations were projected to substantially increase the number of adults recommended for primary prevention statin therapy. These findings are clinically significant because they quantify how guideline changes could affect real-world statin uptake and downstream ASCVD prevention at a national scale.

Anderson TS, Wilson LM, Sussman JB · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Infectious Disease: Antivirals, Vaccines & Host-Directed Immunity

Circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin and its c-terminal peptides differentiate bacterial from viral community-acquired pneumonia.

Researchers studied whether circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) and nine AAT-derived C-terminal peptides can distinguish bacterial from viral community-acquired pneumonia in 81 prospectively enrolled adults at hospital admission (day 0) and day 3. Using ELISA for AAT and LC-MS–based quantification for peptides, they found that AAT/peptide profiles can differentiate bacterial versus viral CAP. This is clinically important because it could reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use by improving early etiologic diagnosis.

Pashai Fakhri M, Börner FR, Held J et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Viral syncytia evolve to resist interferon.

Researchers studied how SARS-CoV-2–driven syncytia formation affects antiviral interferon responses using SARS-CoV-2 and Spike (S) replacement vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in cultured cells, human lung cell cultures, and hACE2 transgenic mice. They found that S-mediated syncytia impair interferon antiviral effects and that Spike substitutions that modulate syncytia formation confer parallel interferon resistance (and reduce antibody-mediated neutralization). This is clinically significant because it links viral cell–cell fusion to immune evasion and may inform therapeutic strategies targeting syncytia.

Li T, Kang I, Ye J et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mapping in-cell protein contact sites reveals hijacking of paraspeckles during influenza A virus infection.

This study mapped native protein–protein contact sites during influenza A virus infection in human cells using in-cell cross-linking mass spectrometry combined with structural modeling and functional assays. It revealed previously unrecognized virus–host interactions, including hijacking of paraspeckles, and identified host factors involved in maturation of distinct haemagglutinin glycoforms via the membrane-bound endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi system. These mechanistic interaction maps can identify host pathways that influenza exploits, offering targets for antiviral strategies that disrupt virus assembly and glycoprotein processing.

Kotova I, Mühlberg L, Gilep K et al. · Nature microbiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

All-trans retinoic acid suppresses systemic inflammation induced by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in mice.

This study examined whether all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) modulates systemic inflammation during severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection in patients and in an SFTSV mouse model. In patients, serum vitamin A/ATRA were depleted and correlated with worse systemic inflammatory response syndrome severity and mortality risk, while in mice intraperitoneal ATRA suppressed virus-induced hyperinflammation through PPARγ-dependent downregulation of macrophage AP-1 transcriptional activity. The findings suggest ATRA as a potential host-directed immunomodulatory therapy to reduce fatal inflammatory dysregulation in SFTSV.

Yu X, Wu J, Yin X et al. · Nature microbiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Viral protease-initiated lytic cell death as a universal antiviral mRNA therapy.

This preclinical study developed viral protease-initiated lytic cell death (VID), a universal mRNA therapeutic platform that engineers gasdermin-D (GSDMD) with viral protease-specific cleavage motifs to trigger lytic cell death selectively in virus-infected cells. Using hepatitis A virus (HAV) as a model, lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated VIDA mRNA abolished viral replication and shedding in vivo and reduced liver injury. The work suggests a broadly applicable antiviral mRNA strategy that converts viral protease activity into an intracellular “kill” signal.

Li L, Yan XL, Wang HY et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Divergent Autophagy Pathways in Plasmodium: Mechanisms, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.

This review examined autophagy mechanisms in the malaria parasite Plasmodium, focusing on the reduced but functional autophagy-related (ATG) protein repertoire and the autophagy marker/effector ATG8. It reports that Plasmodial ATG8 shows branched localization and associates with the relict plastid (apicoplast) membrane, implying parasite-specific autophagy pathways with roles beyond canonical degradative recycling. These findings highlight ATG8-linked, apicoplast-associated autophagy as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in Plasmodium biology.

Rajput S, Mehra P, Nandi R et al. · Molecular microbiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Lyophilized platelet derived extracellular vesicles promote hemostasis and attenuate intracranial hemorrhage following traumatic brain injury.

This study evaluated whether lyophilized platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (LPEVs) improve hemostasis and reduce intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a murine model and in human brain endothelial cell assays. Characterization by flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Nanosight, together with in vitro BBB integrity testing and in vivo TBI experiments, showed that LPEVs attenuated ICH and preserved blood–brain barrier integrity. The results suggest a cell-free, scalable extracellular vesicle therapy approach for acute hemorrhagic complications of TBI.

Trivedi A, Miyazawa B, Fields AT et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Respiratory Medicine (Asthma/COPD/RSV/ARDS)

Phase III LUNA clinical programme: design of four randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies assessing the efficacy and safety of tozorakimab in patients with symptomatic COPD and a high risk of exacerbations.

This study describes the design of the phase III LUNA clinical programme, consisting of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of tozorakimab (anti–IL-33 monoclonal antibody) in symptomatic COPD patients with a high risk of exacerbations. The programme targets both reduced (IL-33red) and oxidised (IL-33ox) IL-33 activity in participants receiving optimized inhaled therapy, with OBERON and TITANIA enrolling 1132 and 1172 participants, respectively. The trial programme is designed to determine whether IL-33 blockade improves exacerbation outcomes and safety in a clinically high-risk COPD population.

Watz H, Sciurba FC, Bonini M et al. · BMJ open respiratory research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Use of tezepelumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by eosinophilic endotype: WAYPOINT post-hoc analysis.

This post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 WAYPOINT randomized trial evaluated tezepelumab 210 mg versus placebo every 4 weeks in Japanese adults with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), stratified by eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis defined by the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (ECRS) endotype. Tezepelumab improved nasal polyp outcomes and related clinical measures across the eosinophilic ECRS subgroups while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. The results support tezepelumab as an endotype-relevant biologic option for CRSwNP in Japanese patients, potentially reducing reliance on systemic corticosteroids and surgery.

Fujieda S, Otori N, Han JK et al. · Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clesrovimab in Infants at Increased Risk For Severe Disease During 2 RSV Seasons: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial evaluated clesrovimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, in infants at increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease across two RSV seasons, comparing clesrovimab (105 mg) with palivizumab in season 1 and assessing safety of clesrovimab (210 mg) in season 2. The key finding was that clesrovimab was safe and tolerable in this high-risk infant population across the two seasons, with the study also characterizing pharmacokinetics for continued protection. This provides evidence to support extended prophylaxis strategies for infants who remain at risk for severe RSV beyond the first season.

Zar HJ, Bont LJ, Manzoni P et al. · JAMA pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prone positioning in ARDS.

This narrative review summarized the evidence and clinical role of prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including intubated patients with PaO2/FIO2 <150 mmHg and the awake prone position (APP) used during and beyond the COVID-19 era. The key finding is that prone positioning consistently improves oxygenation and has evolved from rescue therapy to an integral lung-protective ventilation strategy, with APP requiring further confirmation in non-COVID and routine ICU practice. The review is clinically significant because it frames how and when prone positioning should be applied to optimize respiratory outcomes in ARDS.

Ehrmann S, Li J, Liu L et al. · Intensive care medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The Airway Transcriptome in Type 2 Cytokine Biomarker-High and -Low Severe Asthma.

This study characterized the airway transcriptome in severe asthma stratified by type 2 (T2) cytokine biomarker status using bronchial biopsies and brushes from the UK Refractory Asthma Stratification Programme cohort. In corticosteroid-resistant patients (T2-high, T2-intermediate, and T2-low) and healthy controls, transcriptomic analyses before and after high-dose inhaled corticosteroids identified dysregulated genes and pathways that differ by T2 biomarker level. The findings are significant because they provide mechanistic clues for T2-low severe asthma—where T2 activity is suppressed—and may support more precise biomarker-driven therapeutic targeting.

Shen J, Chaudhuri R, Bicknell S et al. · Allergy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Durability and Safety of Imeglimin as an Add-On to DPP-4 Inhibitors in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes: The 104-Week FAMILIAR Trial.

This multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial (FAMILIAR) evaluated imeglimin 1000 mg twice daily as an add-on to DPP-4 inhibitors in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on DPP-4 monotherapy, with a 24-week double-blind phase followed by an 80-week open-label extension (104 weeks total). The primary endpoint assessed durability of glycemic control via HbA1c change from baseline to week 104, with additional safety and meal tolerance assessments including elderly subgroup considerations (numerical outcomes are truncated). Clinically, it provides long-term evidence for imeglimin’s efficacy and safety when combined with DPP-4 inhibitors in Japanese patients, including older adults.

Shimoda M, Osonoi T, Iwamoto M et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Alveolar Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes Exacerbate Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction Through HDAC2 Signalling.

This study investigated whether exosomes derived from cigarette smoke–exposed alveolar epithelial cells worsen skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) via histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) signaling. Using the exosome inhibitor GW4869 in a chronic cigarette smoke exposure model, it found that exosome-mediated signaling exacerbates skeletal muscle injury and is linked to dysregulation of HDAC2. These results suggest that targeting exosome release/cargo or restoring HDAC2 activity could be a mechanistic therapeutic approach for COPD-related skeletal muscle dysfunction.

Li C, Ou M, Jiang G et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Autoimmunity & Inflammatory Disease Therapeutics

Endothelial cell-intrinsic NOD2 signaling regulates the intestinal immune response through the generation of effector and memory T cells.

This study investigated how endothelial cell-intrinsic NOD2 signaling regulates intestinal immunity by generating effector and memory T cells in the context of Crohn’s disease–relevant NOD2 biology. It found that NOD2 engagement by muramyl dipeptide drives T cell programs that support intestinal homeostasis, resolving the apparent paradox that NOD2 variants increase Crohn’s disease risk despite NOD2 ligands being immunostimulatory. The work clarifies innate–adaptive immune cross-talk mechanisms in the gut and identifies endothelial NOD2 as a potential therapeutic lever for Crohn’s disease.

Tsankov BK, Denney M, Ahn JSY et al. · Nature immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for pain management in people with inflammatory arthritis.

This work developed the 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for pain management in people with inflammatory arthritis (IA) using evidence synthesis from trial data and UK-specific care patterns. It addresses the observed reliance on long-term opioids and gabapentinoids despite limited trial evidence for efficacy and emphasizes underused non-pharmacological pain care with supportive evidence. The guideline provides an evidence-based, life-course approach to improve pain outcomes and standardize care for patients with inflammatory arthritis.

Scott IC, Smith TM, Babatunde O et al. · Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Unlocking Sulforaphane’s Potential in Friedreich Ataxia: Further Evidence from Preclinical Investigations Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Sensory Neurons.

This preclinical study tested sulforaphane (SF) against omaveloxolone (Omav) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons from Friedreich ataxia patients carrying expanded GAA repeats in the FXN gene (including a line with 550 GAA1 repeats). The key finding was that SF further supported FXN expression and modulated epigenetic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways in these patient-derived neurons, providing additional evidence for SF’s therapeutic potential. This is significant because it expands the candidate treatment landscape for FRDA beyond the currently approved omaveloxolone by demonstrating comparative preclinical efficacy in human iPSC-derived neuronal models.

Yang W, Thompson B, Miellet S et al. · Antioxidants & redox signaling · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

This American Heart Association scientific statement reviewed evidence on caffeine intake and its associations with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease across human observational studies and differing patterns of caffeine consumption. Overall, the relationship is complex and heterogeneous, with acute versus chronic effects often differing and many studies suggesting an inverse J-shaped association for naturally occurring caffeinated beverages. Clinically, the statement highlights that cardiovascular guidance should consider caffeine source, dose pattern, and individual susceptibility rather than treating caffeine as a single uniform exposure.

Marcus GM, Hu FB, van Dam RM et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Deucravacitinib in Active Psoriatic Arthritis: Efficacy and Safety up to 52 Weeks From the Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 POETYK PsA-2 Trial.

The POETYK PsA-2 phase 3 randomized, double-blind trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of deucravacitinib, an oral selective TYK2 inhibitor, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who were biologic-naïve or had prior TNF inhibitor exposure. Over 52 weeks, patients were randomized to deucravacitinib 6 mg daily, placebo, or apremilast 30 mg twice daily (safety reference), with the primary endpoint based on ACR20 improvement (through week 16) and continued treatment/switching thereafter. If efficacy and safety are confirmed, deucravacitinib would provide an additional targeted oral option for PsA with a distinct mechanism via TYK2 inhibition.

Mease PJ, Chandran V, Armstrong AW et al. · Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ruxolitinib cream in adults with moderate atopic dermatitis after failure of other topicals: A randomized trial.

This randomized trial studied ruxolitinib cream in adults (≥18 years) with moderate atopic dermatitis (IGA 3, EASI >7, itch NRS ≥4) who had inadequate response/intolerance/contraindication to topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors in the prior 12 months (TRuE-AD4, NCT06238817). The 8-week results reported improved atopic dermatitis signs/symptoms with ruxolitinib cream compared with the trial’s control regimen (details truncated in the abstract). These findings support ruxolitinib cream as a targeted topical option for adults with moderate AD who fail standard topical therapies.

Carrascosa JM, Prajapati VH, Hong HC et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Associations of viral infections and antiviral vaccinations with anti-NMDAR and other forms of autoimmune encephalitis.

This systematic literature review examined reported associations between viral infections and antiviral vaccinations and the development of autoimmune encephalitis subtypes, including anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis. The review synthesized case-based evidence to characterize which viral triggers and vaccine exposures have been linked to specific AIE forms and how frequently these associations are reported (quantitative details are truncated). Clinically, mapping these immunological triggers can inform risk counseling and hypothesis generation for mechanisms driving autoantibody generation in autoimmune encephalitis.

Bamberg S, Schulte-Frankenfeld PM, Kreye J · Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondria-targeted MXene-based nanozymes promote mitophagy and inhibit mtDNA-triggered cGAS/STING inflammation in osteoarthritis.

This preclinical study developed a mitochondria-targeted MXene-based nanozyme (MS@PMXene-TK) for osteoarthritis and evaluated its ability to promote mitophagy and suppress mtDNA-triggered cGAS/STING inflammation. The nanozyme design combined a chondro-inductive peptide (SPPEPS) loaded into a polydopamine-modified MXene core with a ROS-responsive thioketal-linked PEG shell and a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP-131) to deliver subcellularly acting anti-inflammatory and pro-mitophagy effects (full efficacy data are truncated). These results suggest a targeted nanotherapeutic strategy to address mitochondrial dysfunction and innate immune activation in osteoarthritis.

Li T, Zheng A, Zhu C et al. · Bioactive materials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeting BLyS and APRIL with Telitacicept versus Conventional Immunotherapy in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: A Comparative Study.

This retrospective real-world comparative study evaluated telitacicept versus conventional immunotherapy in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis who were AChR-antibody positive (AChR-Ab+ gMG), including a broader population than prior trials. After propensity score matching (1:1; 35 per group), telitacicept was compared with conventional immunotherapy for treatment response and safety outcomes (specific effect sizes are truncated in the abstract). The study supports assessing telitacicept’s effectiveness and tolerability in routine clinical practice for AChR-Ab+ generalized myasthenia gravis.

Yang Y, Kang N, Zhu Y et al. · ImmunoTargets and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

Clinical Trials, Guidelines & Public Health (Non-disease-specific)

EndoBridge 2025: pearls and highlights.

EndoBridge 2025 was studied as a scientific meeting, surveying current endocrinology and metabolism topics presented to an international audience of clinicians and researchers. The key finding is that the program covered major areas including pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, bone metabolism, neuroendocrine tumors, diabetes, obesity, clinical nutrition, and lipid disorders through lectures and case-based discussions. Its significance lies in consolidating emerging evidence and clinical approaches across endocrine subspecialties.

Yildiz BO, Armenti M, Brandi ML et al. · Hormones (Athens, Greece) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

COVID-19 and Global Perinatal Health: Lessons Learned on Maternal-Neonatal Outcomes, Infant Feeding Practices, and Healthcare Economics Across Income Settings.

This narrative review synthesized global evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected maternal-neonatal outcomes, infant feeding practices, and healthcare economics across high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The review concludes that both direct SARS-CoV-2 infection effects and indirect healthcare-system disruptions were associated with worse perinatal outcomes and substantial financial burden, with impacts differing by income setting. These cross-setting findings highlight where maternal-newborn care and breastfeeding support need strengthening during ongoing or future health-system shocks.

Gunasekaran V, Woo S, Shetty AK et al. · American journal of perinatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Effect of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccines on hospitalisation outcomes and mortality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV; 60 μg haemagglutinin per strain) versus standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV) using randomized controlled trials in adults aged 65 years or older. The pooled evidence indicates that HD-IIV improves hospitalisation and/or mortality outcomes relative to SD-IIV in this older population. Clinically, the findings support preferential use of HD-IIV for reducing severe influenza outcomes in older adults.

Zhao W, Lian R, Zhao Y et al. · The lancet. Healthy longevity · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Global, regional, and national burden of road injuries 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

This Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 analysis estimated global, regional, and national incidence, mortality, and morbidity of road injuries across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023. The study provides time-trend estimates by road injury type and nature-of-injury to quantify progress and remaining gaps toward road-safety targets. These surveillance-grade results are intended to guide policy prioritization and evaluate effectiveness of interventions under the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety.

The Lancet. Public health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The orchestration of ciliary opus: Interplay of signalling molecules, GTPases, and trafficking machinery.

This review summarized how primary cilia signaling is orchestrated by the interplay between intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, the BBSome coat complex, small GTPases, and trafficking of receptors and signaling components. It highlights how kinesin-2 and dynein-2 motors deliver cargo into and out of cilia and how ciliary lipid composition and secondary messengers such as cAMP and Ca2+ regulate ciliary composition and signaling. The synthesis clarifies key mechanistic nodes that could be targeted to understand or treat ciliopathies and related disorders.

Piyush R, Giri P, Shinde SR · Current opinion in cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Subgroup Analysis of the SUPERBRAIN-MEET Randomized Trial.

This prespecified subgroup analysis of the 24-week SUPERBRAIN-MEET randomized controlled trial studied whether the cognitive effects of a multidomain lifestyle intervention (MLI) delivered via face-to-face sessions plus digital platforms differed by sociodemographic characteristics, digital readiness, baseline cognitive status, and vascular risk in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The key finding was that the MLI’s cognitive benefits varied across these baseline subgroups, indicating differential responsiveness rather than uniform effects. These results support tailoring multidomain lifestyle programs for MCI based on patient characteristics and risk profiles to improve dementia-prevention strategies.

Kim DA, Lee SM, Sun K et al. · Neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Accelerated Epigenetic and Inflammatory Aging and Intrinsic Capacity.

This population-based cohort study investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between accelerated epigenetic and inflammatory aging and intrinsic capacity (IC), a WHO-defined composite of physical and mental capacities, including domain-specific IC and sex differences. The key finding was that accelerated epigenetic and inflammatory aging was associated with lower IC and that these aging measures contributed to IC decline over time. These results support using molecular aging markers to identify individuals at risk for reduced functional capacity and to guide preventive interventions for healthy longevity.

Rouch L, De Souto Barreto P, Rolland Y et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether lifestyle modification interventions reduce intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) in humans by synthesizing PubMed/Embase studies. Across included trials, lifestyle modification showed beneficial effects on IPFD measures, supporting IPFD as a modifiable ectopic fat depot. The results are scientifically and clinically important because they strengthen the evidence base for lifestyle-based strategies to target pancreatic fat accumulation linked to endocrine and exocrine pancreatic disease risk.

Ahmad S, Sul HH, Danpanichkul P et al. · Current obesity reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and All-Cause Overdose Risk in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes and Opioid Use Disorder.

This target trial emulation study used Veterans Health Administration data to compare overdose risk among Veterans with type 2 diabetes and opioid use disorder who initiated semaglutide or tirzepatide versus other diabetes medications (e.g., insulin, metformin, sulfonylurea, SGLT2 inhibitors) in an observational cohort. The key finding was that GLP-1 receptor agonist initiation was associated with a lower all-cause overdose risk compared with the selected diabetes medication comparators. This is clinically significant because it supports replication of a potential protective effect of GLP-1RAs against overdose in a high-risk real-world population.

Kennedy KP, Bremseth-Vining R, Lynch KG et al. · The Journal of clinical psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Gut Metabolism Links Precision Nutrition, Exercise, and Healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster.

This Drosophila melanogaster study tested whether a precision-nutrition and exercise multimodal intervention—methionine restriction (MR), taurine supplementation (Tau), and moderate exercise—extends healthspan and lifespan under a chemically defined diet. The combination additively increased lifespan while preserving reproductive capacity and improving locomotor function, and targeted metabolomics with stable isotope tracing indicated increased mitochondrial TCA cycle flux and improved gut redox homeostasis. Scientifically, it links gut metabolism to coordinated systemic benefits from combined dietary and exercise interventions, supporting metabolite-centered mechanisms for healthspan optimization.

Wei F, Liu S, Sun Y et al. · Aging cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Medical Students’ Attitudes, Perceptions, and Self-Reported Familiarity With Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized studies measuring medical students’ attitudes, perceptions, and self-reported familiarity with artificial intelligence in healthcare. It focused on harmonizing constructs across heterogeneous surveys and quantified variation in estimates across settings while assessing heterogeneity, prediction intervals, risk of bias, and certainty of evidence. The results are significant for medical education planning because they identify how AI literacy and perceptions differ by context and inform how curricula should be tailored to students’ baseline familiarity.

Zhang W, Han J, Han X et al. · JMIR medical education · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

PROSPECT guideline for total hip arthroplasty: updated systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations.

This updated PROSPECT guideline systematic review evaluated evidence from randomized trials and systematic reviews (2020–June 2024) to update procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations for elective primary total hip arthroplasty. It specifically incorporates emerging evidence on motor-sparing regional techniques to refine analgesic choices balancing efficacy, safety, and functional recovery. Clinically, the guideline update aims to standardize postoperative pain management after total hip arthroplasty and improve patient outcomes while minimizing adverse effects.

Carella M, Bugada D, Van de Velde M et al. · Anaesthesia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Peptide LKLKLL is a more effective component of Akkermansia muciniphila which regulate glucolipid metabolism through GLP-1/GIP dual modulation.

This preclinical study tested the Akkermansia muciniphila–derived hexapeptide LKLKLL for effects on glucolipid metabolism through dual modulation of GLP-1 and GIP. It identified LKLKLL from metabolomic profiling of AKK supernatant, showed that it promotes GLP-1/GIP secretion in STC-1 cells, and reported that LKLKLL reduced body weight in high-fat diet obese mice and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic models. The work supports LKLKLL as a defined, potentially translatable postbiotic candidate for obesity/diabetes therapy via incretin pathway activation.

Li Y, Ye D, Fu C et al. · Gut microbes · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Electroacupuncture Treatment on Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Haemodialysis: An Effective Therapy.

This randomized controlled clinical study evaluated electroacupuncture (EA) as a treatment for sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). Thirty-six participants with sarcopenia were randomized to EA versus control, with the EA group receiving 24 sessions (30 minutes each, three times per week), and the study reports EA as an effective therapy for sarcopenia in this population (outcomes truncated). If confirmed in full results, EA could offer a nonpharmacologic adjunct to improve muscle health in MHD patients.

Chen R, Qian Q, Wang B et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of low-dose cannabidiol.

This article reviewed pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety evidence for low-dose cannabidiol (CBD) at doses ≤2.5 mg/kg or ≤175 mg/day, including oral PK studies ≤150 mg. It concludes that low-dose CBD produces peak concentration (Cmax) and exposure (AUC) that are 5- to 100-fold lower than those seen with a typical 20 mg/kg dose of Epidiolex, with PD studies showing little evidence of physical or neurological effects in healthy volunteers. The review is clinically significant because it contextualizes the limited systemic exposure and uncertain effects of commonly used over-the-counter low-dose CBD.

Warren WG, Osborn M, Yates A et al. · British journal of clinical pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Frailty mediates the association between sleep duration and physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

This study analyzed whether frailty mediates the association between sleep duration and physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity (PPC-MM) in Chinese middle-aged and older adults using CHARLS data (2011–2018). Using multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models with nonlinear dose-response assessment via restricted cubic splines, it tested cross-sectional and longitudinal mediation effects (abstract truncated). The findings are important for identifying frailty as a potential intervention target linking sleep patterns to multimorbidity risk.

Ding H, Li L, Luo G et al. · Scientific reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sustainable miniaturized smartphone-coupled TLC platform for innovative cleaning validation: application to tizanidine combinations under challenging concentration ratios.

This work developed a sustainable, miniaturized smartphone-coupled thin-layer chromatography (TLC) platform to support pharmaceutical cleaning validation for tizanidine (TZN) carryover under challenging concentration ratios in combination with aceclofenac (ACF), ibuprofen (IBF), and paracetamol (PRC). The key finding is that the at-line portable TLC approach enables determination of TZN in multi-drug mixtures to address cross-contamination risk during routine cleaning validation. This provides a practical, lower-resource analytical tool for monitoring high-risk narrow-therapeutic-index drugs with abuse potential in manufacturing quality control.

Abd El-Aziz MO, Nadim AH, Monir HH et al. · Scientific reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gut microbiota-driven metabolites modulate the development of stress-related mental disorders.

This review synthesized evidence on how gut microbiota-driven metabolites influence the development of stress-related mental disorders (including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder). The key finding is that microbiota alterations can change systemic metabolite profiles that modulate host physiology relevant to stress-pathology, providing mechanistic links between microbiome function and mental disorder risk. Scientifically, it frames metabolite-centered pathways as potential targets for future diagnostics and microbiome-based or metabolite-based interventions.

Yuan M, Qin F, Wu L et al. · Translational psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hemoperfusion during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 8,151 patients.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated clinical efficacy and safety of hemoperfusion (HP) during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adults by comparing ECMO plus hemoperfusion (ECMO+HP) versus ECMO alone across 8,151 patients. The key finding is the pooled assessment of all-cause mortality (primary outcome) with subgroup analyses by study design (RCT vs non-RCT), ECMO type (VA vs VV), and etiology (cardiogenic shock vs cardiac arrest), using risk-of-bias tools and trial sequential analysis. Clinically, it aims to clarify whether adding hemoperfusion improves survival and safety in ECMO patients, informing critical-care practice and future trial design.

Xie T, Yang C, Tao H et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sodium bicarbonate therapy in severe metabolic acidemia: an individual patient data meta-analysis of the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 trials.

This individual patient data meta-analysis combined the BICAR-ICU and BICAR-ICU2 randomized trials to test intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy in adults with severe metabolic acidemia (pH ≤ 7.20), comparing bicarbonate titrated to pH ≥ 7.30 versus no bicarbonate. The key finding is the pooled effect on 90-day mortality and renal replacement therapy (RRT) use, along with exploration of heterogeneity across prespecified subgroups. This directly informs clinical decision-making on bicarbonate use in severe metabolic acidemia and identifies patient groups most likely to benefit.

Fosset M, Pensier J, Jabaudon M et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Work-to-sleep ratio as a novel marker of NAFLD risk: evidence from U.S. and Korean national cohorts.

This cohort study assessed whether the work-to-sleep ratio (WSR) predicts risk of NAFLD/MASLD using U.S. and Korean national cohorts, treating WSR as an integrated behavioral metric balancing occupational time against sleep recovery. The key finding is that WSR is associated with NAFLD risk beyond what work hours or sleep duration alone capture, suggesting a combined exposure relevant to metabolic liver disease. Clinically and epidemiologically, it proposes WSR as a novel, actionable behavioral risk marker for identifying individuals at higher MASLD risk.

Zhong Y, Kou Y, Lu Z et al. · Nutrition & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy of magnesium-calcium ionic oral rinse for primary burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied the efficacy and safety of a magnesium–calcium ionic oral rinse in patients with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS). The key finding was that the magnesium–calcium oral rinse improved outcomes compared with placebo while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. Clinically, this supports a local, ionic microenvironment–modulating treatment option for a chronic orofacial pain condition with limited systemic therapies.

Carrió N, Garawani BE, Alahmad A et al. · BMC oral health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

---

---

Generated automatically on July 27, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.