PubMed Trending Research Digest — August 25, 2026

Automated digest · 95 articles · 20 research areas · August 25, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s set of studies, a dominant theme is the move from “single markers” to dynamic, mechanism-linked biomarkers and imaging signals that can guide long-term outcomes. Examples include longitudinal HR-pQCT measures of bone deterioration in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, ctDNA mutation “dynamics” for risk stratification in metastatic colorectal cancer, and platform-dependent plasma p-tau217 performance for selecting/monitoring anti-amyloid therapy. In parallel, several works emphasize how physiology and microenvironment shape disease behavior—such as oxygen tension altering PDAC organoid heterogeneity, hemodynamic stress instructing liver metabolic zonation via endothelial Wnt signaling, and space radiation effects depending on driver mutation and sex in clonal hematopoiesis.

A second major thread is immune modulation—both as therapy and as a source of adverse effects or disease drivers. Genetic and mechanistic immune studies highlight interferon-pathway activation from ultra-rare TLR7 truncating variants in jSLE and the TL1A–DR3 axis linking intestinal inflammation to fibrosis in IBD. In respiratory and allergic disease, IL-5/IL-25/tuft-cell pathways, salt-driven SGK1–mTOR signaling, and eosinophil imaging endpoints (mucus plugs) connect targeted cytokine blockade to measurable clinical and tissue-level changes. Immunotherapy optimization also appears repeatedly: prophylactic IL-1 blockade to mitigate tarlatamab-associated ICANS, senescence profiling to predict CAR T-cell response in CLL, and long-term vigilance for immune dysregulation/malignancy signals during sustained benralizumab therapy.

Finally, the digest reflects growing attention to real-world implementation and translational safety. Federated learning approaches aim to improve perioperative prediction (delirium/AKI) without compromising privacy, randomized and guideline-level work refines radiotherapy strategies in rectal cancer and PMBCL, and safety-focused resources like SafeSense consolidate antisense oligonucleotide adverse-event knowledge. Metabolic and neurodegenerative research also converges on shared inflammatory/metabolic pathways—GLP-1 receptor agonists’ immunometabolic effects in people with HIV, obesity-mediated AD risk via microglial phagocytosis suppression, and metformin’s emerging role in neurodegeneration—suggesting that cross-disease biology is increasingly informing both prevention and treatment.

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Autoimmune & Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases (RA, PsA, Sjögren’s, MG)

Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict Minimal Symptom Expression in AChR+ gMG Patients Undergoing Efgartigimod Therapy.

This retrospective study in 119 patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis (AChR+ gMG) assessed predictors of achieving Minimal Symptom Expression (MSE) during efgartigimod therapy. The key finding is that a multivariable model (used to build and validate a nomogram) identified independent predictors of MSE, enabling individualized prediction of whether patients reach an MG-ADL score of 0–1 sustained for at least 4 consecutive weeks. Clinically, the nomogram can support earlier and more personalized expectations of response to efgartigimod in AChR+ gMG.

Ma C, Kang N, Zhu Y et al. · Current neuropharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ultrasound-Guided Diagnostic Injections for Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: An Outcomes-Based Cohort Study.

This outcomes-based retrospective cohort study assessed ultrasound-guided diagnostic injections for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) in 203 patients with suspected NTOS, including 45 athletes (42 overhead athletes). It finds that ultrasound-guided diagnostic blocks targeting the pectoralis minor (PM) and other implicated structures were used to evaluate diagnostic utility and outcomes, supporting their role in clarifying NTOS-related symptoms. Clinically, US-guided diagnostic injections may improve diagnostic accuracy and guide management decisions in athletes with suspected NTOS.

Hussain FS, Gardner J, Easley KA et al. · Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Research Progress in Pharmacological Targeted Therapy for Myasthenia Gravis.

This narrative review summarized pharmacological targeted therapy approaches for myasthenia gravis (MG), focusing on agents directed at B and T cells, complement inhibition, neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antagonists, and cytokine inhibitors. The key finding was that targeted biologic/cellular therapies can improve control of refractory MG while addressing limitations of conventional treatments, with ongoing refinement of efficacy and safety profiles. Scientifically and clinically, the review maps current and emerging targeted options and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future trials and treatment selection.

Zhou Y, Wu Y, Meng Z · Journal of inflammation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Bridging the Gap in Sjögren’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Unmet Needs, Diagnostic Challenges, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.

This comprehensive review examined unmet needs, diagnostic challenges, and emerging therapeutic strategies for Sjögren’s disease (SjD), focusing on the long diagnostic delay and lack of disease-modifying treatments. The key finding was that current management is largely symptomatic (e.g., artificial tears, sialogogues, hydroxychloroquine) and does not reliably halt systemic immunopathology. The review underscores the clinical urgency for improved biomarkers and novel disease-modifying therapies to prevent irreversible glandular and extraglandular damage.

Aung T · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Genetic & Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Dysregulation (TLR7, cytokine pathways, interferon)

TL1A-DR3 Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Targeting.

This narrative review summarized evidence that the TNF-like cytokine TL1A (encoded by TNFSF15) and its receptor DR3 drive inflammatory Th1/Th17 mucosal immune responses and also promote intestinal fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition in inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis). Genetic associations implicating TNFSF15 variants in Crohn’s disease susceptibility and fibrostenotic complications support a causal TL1A–DR3 role, positioning the pathway as a therapeutic target. The scientific significance is that it links immune activation to fibrosis biology, guiding development and rational selection of TL1A/DR3-directed therapies to prevent both inflammation and stricture formation.

Tsuruta K, Yoshioka S, Takedatsu H · The Kurume medical journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Complement-dependent phagocytosis in the clearance of various cellular targets.

This review article examined how complement proteins and antibodies independently contribute to opsonin-mediated clearance of cellular targets via complement-dependent phagocytosis. It synthesizes evidence on the relative roles of complement versus immunoglobulins across different target types and experimental systems. The review is significant because it clarifies mechanistic determinants of phagocytic clearance that can inform therapeutic strategies that modulate complement or antibody opsonization.

Blanter M, Grönloh MLB, Marques PE et al. · Protein & cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The private truncating Toll-like receptor 7 p.Glu834* variant associates with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and pathological cytokine expression in vitro.

Researchers studied a private, truncating Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) variant (p.Glu834*) in a cohort of 319 patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) using targeted next-generation sequencing, and then tested its functional effects in vitro. The heterozygous p.Glu834* stop-gain variant was linked to pathological cytokine expression consistent with TLR7-driven type I interferon pathway activation. This provides genetic and mechanistic evidence that ultra-rare TLR7 truncating variants can cause Mendelian-like jSLE with interferon-associated immune dysregulation, informing precision diagnosis and potential pathway-targeted therapies.

Renaudineau Y, Hawkes J, Mizgalska K et al. · Annals of the rheumatic diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Eosinophilic & Allergic Inflammation (asthma, enteritis, atopic dermatitis, eosinophil biomarkers)

Skin Rash Management Based on Early Elevation in the Eosinophil Proportion Within 3 Months of Initiating Apalutamide for Prostate Cancer.

This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether early eosinophil proportion elevation within 3 months predicts skin rash in 78 prostate cancer patients treated with apalutamide (APA). It finds that early elevation in eosinophil proportion (defined as >5.0% within 3 months) had predictive value for subsequent initial and recurrent skin rash risk. The clinical significance is a potentially actionable early biomarker strategy to improve safe long-term management of APA-associated skin toxicity.

Koguchi D, Tsumura H, Tabata KI et al. · Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Identification of a novel small-molecule modulator targeting SNX10 to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption.

This prospective observational study evaluated 47 patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab (anti–IL-5 monoclonal antibody) for 12 months, focusing on mucus plug reduction and clinical outcomes. High-resolution computed tomography was used to quantify mucus plugs, and the study found that mepolizumab was effective in reducing mucus plugs and that mucus plug changes related to biomarkers and clinical improvement. The results are clinically significant because they link IL-5 pathway inhibition to a tangible imaging phenotype (mucus plugs) that may better predict patient outcomes.

Li Y, Wu Q, Qin S et al. · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dupilumab-Induced Vitiligo Managed Effectively With Nemolizumab and Targeted Topical Therapy.

This case report studied a 57-year-old woman with atopic dermatitis who developed new-onset vitiligo after treatment with dupilumab, an IL-4/IL-13 pathway monoclonal antibody. The vitiligo was managed effectively after switching from dupilumab to nemolizumab (IL-31 pathway) and using targeted topical therapy. The clinical significance is that it documents an immune-mediated adverse event pattern with dupilumab and provides a practical alternative treatment strategy for similar patients.

Colon J, Falabella A · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

NAT10 aggravates psoriasis by promoting keratinocytes fatty acid synthesis via stable FASN transcription.

This mechanistic study examined the role of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) in psoriasis, using human epidermal samples, single-cell RNA sequencing, and an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model. It found that NAT10 is elevated in psoriasis (including hyperproliferative and basal keratinocyte subsets), that keratinocyte-specific NAT10 deletion attenuates IMQ-induced psoriatic phenotypes, and that NAT10 promotes keratinocyte fatty acid synthesis by stabilizing FASN transcription through ac4C-related RNA modification mechanisms. The significance is that NAT10–FASN signaling emerges as a potential therapeutic target to reduce keratinocyte metabolic dysregulation in psoriasis.

Tang W, Shen J, Liu J et al. · Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

High-salt microenvironment worsens the progression of atopic dermatitis via activating the SGK-1-mTOR pathway in keratinocytes.

This Genes & diseases study investigated how an elevated NaCl (high-salt) microenvironment affects keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis using HaCaT cells in vitro and DNFB/ovalbumin-induced AD models in mice, focusing on the SGK-1–mTOR pathway and downstream STAT3/NFκB signaling. High-salt conditions worsened barrier dysfunction and inflammation and activated the SGK-1–mTOR axis, with mechanistic support from loss-of-function and pharmacologic interventions (details truncated). The work suggests targeting SGK-1/mTOR signaling could be a strategy to mitigate salt-driven exacerbation of atopic dermatitis.

Luo Y, Song Z, Jiang P et al. · Genes & diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Adverse effects of vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor in a cystic fibrosis population: A case series.

This Respiratory Medicine Case Reports case series evaluated adverse effects after switching adults with cystic fibrosis from elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) to vanzacaftor–tezacaftor–deutivacaftor (VTD) in routine care. Among 38 of 400 adult CF patients switched between January and June 2025, six experienced adverse events considered potentially related to VTD, including known and possible new side effects (specific events truncated). The report informs clinicians about VTD tolerability in a real-world CF population and supports monitoring for both expected and unexpected adverse reactions.

Saag J, O’Bryant S, Amos K et al. · Respiratory medicine case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Continuous succinate administration induces eosinophilic enteritis via the tuft cell-IL-25 axis in mice.

Researchers developed a mouse model of eosinophilic enteritis by continuously administering succinate (150 mM in drinking water for 21 days) to 4-week-old wild-type C57BL/6J mice and assessed eosinophilic infiltration, tuft cell populations, and cytokine expression, including mechanistic testing using knockout mice. Continuous succinate exposure induced eosinophilic enteritis through the tuft cell–IL-25 axis, with increased tuft cells and IL-25–linked inflammatory signaling driving eosinophil recruitment. This provides a tractable preclinical model for non–EoE eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders and supports the tuft cell–IL-25 pathway as a therapeutic target.

Matsuoka R, Hayashi Y, Nagano N et al. · Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Microbiome & Gut–Lung/Immune Interactions (ICIs, chronic lung disease, microbiota–immune axis)

[Advances in macrophage and neutrophil crosstalk in chronic respiratory diseases].

This narrative review discussed advances in macrophage–neutrophil crosstalk in chronic respiratory diseases, focusing on how macrophages coordinate inflammation resolution and antigen presentation and how neutrophils drive rapid pathogen clearance via phagocytosis, degranulation, and NET formation. The key finding is that macrophages and neutrophils engage in dynamic bidirectional communication through cytokines, lipid mediators, and direct cell-cell interactions rather than acting as isolated innate compartments. This is significant for identifying molecular targets and therapeutic strategies that modulate innate immune networks in chronic lung pathology.

Jiang S, Xie R, Chen S et al. · Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Gut Microbiota-Immune Interactions in Chronic Lung Diseases: An Emerging Cross-Disease Perspective Gut-Lung Axis in Chronic Lung Disease.

This narrative review synthesized evidence on gut microbiota–immune interactions and the gut–lung axis in chronic lung diseases, including asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis. The key finding was that bidirectional signaling via microbial metabolites, epithelial barrier integrity, and mucosal immune programming can drive pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling across these diseases. Scientifically, the cross-disease perspective supports microbiome-targeted strategies as potential adjuncts for chronic lung disease management.

Zhu Q, Zhang C, Niu Y et al. · Journal of inflammation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics therapy in critically ill patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics for preventing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and improving outcomes in critically ill adults using randomized controlled trials. The key finding was a comparative ranking of these interventions for reducing GI symptoms and related clinical outcomes, addressing the lack of prior head-to-head network evidence. Clinically, it informs evidence-based selection of microbiome-targeted therapies to mitigate GI complications in the ICU.

Hatakeyama J, Yamamoto R, Yoshida M et al. · Annals of intensive care · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gut Microbiome Composition and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review evaluated how gut microbiome composition relates to response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma and identified potential predictive biomarkers and mechanisms. The key finding was that specific gut microbiome features and community patterns are associated with better or worse responses to checkpoint blockade, supporting a microbiome–immunity link. Scientifically, it motivates microbiome-based biomarkers and therapeutic strategies (e.g., modulation of gut flora) to improve immunotherapy response consistency.

Joglekar KG · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiovascular Imaging & Biomarkers (atherosclerosis, CAC=0, risk stratification)

Predictors and characterization of non-calcified plaques among patients with a zero coronary calcium score.

This study evaluated adults with suspected coronary artery disease who had coronary artery calcium (CAC) = 0 (n=418 after selection from a registry of 860) to identify biomarker predictors of non-calcified coronary plaques and quantify plaque characteristics using coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Among measured biomarkers (including HbA1c, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, ApoA-I, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA-I ratio, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], hs-CRP, and creatine kinase), specific metabolic and inflammatory markers were associated with the presence and quantitative features of non-calcified plaques despite a zero CAC score. Clinically, these results suggest that risk stratification in CAC=0 individuals may require biomarker assessment beyond CAC, potentially improving identification of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Alsubai S, Alqahtani F, Sgreva S et al. · Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Pregnancy, Preeclampsia & Maternal-Fetal Risk Prediction

First-trimester preeclampsia prediction model via integrative machine learning of maternal risk profiles and laboratory markers.

This retrospective Genes & diseases study developed a first-trimester preeclampsia prediction model by integrating maternal risk profiles with routine laboratory markers using 12,715 pregnancies (556 PE cases). Elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), C-reactive protein (CRP), triglyceride–glucose index multiple of the median (TyG MoM), and uric acid–to–albumin ratio multiple of the median (UAR MoM) were independently associated with higher risk, improving early prediction beyond existing approaches (full performance metrics truncated). The model could enable earlier identification of women at risk for preeclampsia, potentially improving surveillance and intervention timing.

Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Huang C et al. · Genes & diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prenatal fluoride exposure and pregnancy outcomes in two US pregnancy cohorts.

This epidemiologic study measured urinary fluoride during the second trimester in 949 pregnant people from California and Illinois (2014–2020) to test associations between prenatal fluoride exposure and pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth (PTB), small-for-gestational age (SGA), large-for-gestational age (LGA), gestational diabetes, and birthweight using regression models. Fluoride exposure was evaluated per 0.1 mg/L increase to estimate additive-scale risk differences for adverse outcomes and differences in gestational age and birthweight metrics. The findings are intended to clarify whether prenatal fluoride exposure at population-relevant levels affects fetal growth and timing of birth, informing public health guidance on fluoride exposure during pregnancy.

Goin DE, Eick SM, Parsons PJ et al. · International journal of epidemiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Thrombosis & Hemostasis (VTE, VWD, transfusion reactions, complement/antibody clearance)

Epidemiologic Study of Transfusion-Related Alpha-Gal Syndrome.

This international multicenter retrospective cohort study assessed whether local prevalence of alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is associated with allergic transfusion reactions (ATR) in blood type O patients receiving platelet or plasma transfusions from 2020 to 2024. Sites were clustered into AGS high- vs low-prevalence regions, and the analysis tested the relationship between AGS prevalence and ATR risk. The results are significant for transfusion safety by clarifying whether geographic AGS burden predicts allergic reactions in type O recipients.

Kaufman RM, Hoen AG, Khan J et al. · JAMA internal medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy and safety of recombinant von Willebrand factor in on-demand treatment of children with von Willebrand disease: up to 4 years of phase 3/3b follow-up.

This phase 3/3b prospective open-label study evaluated recombinant von Willebrand factor (rVWF), with or without recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII), for on-demand treatment of bleeding events in children with von Willebrand disease (VWD) with severe disease (VWF ristocetin cofactor <20 IU/dL). The key finding was that rVWF-based on-demand therapy showed sustained efficacy and an acceptable safety profile over up to 4 years of follow-up in pediatric patients. Scientifically and clinically, the long-term data support rVWF as a durable treatment option for pediatric on-demand/perioperative management of VWD.

Bergmann S, Ahuja S, Albayrak C et al. · Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark.

This nationwide Danish nested cohort study tested whether alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is associated with venous thromboembolism using 3,046 individuals with the deficiency matched to 29,742 controls without it. Over a median follow-up (truncated), the study found an increased risk of venous thromboembolism outcomes in people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Clinically, the results support considering VTE risk assessment and prevention strategies in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

David SV, Fromme M, Remih K et al. · Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer Biomarkers & Liquid Biopsy (ctDNA dynamics, plasma tau, predictive biomarkers)

Head-to-head comparison of plasma biomarker assays across platforms for amyloid pathology in a multicenter cohort.

This multicenter cohort study evaluated 9 plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) assays (including 6 with amyloid-β42 measurements) for detecting amyloid PET positivity in 431 participants from 10 Chinese memory clinics, spanning cognitively unimpaired individuals, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Across platforms, assay performance for classifying amyloid PET positivity varied, with head-to-head comparisons identifying differences in accuracy and concordance between p-tau217 assay formats. These findings are clinically significant because they inform which plasma p-tau217 platforms are most reliable for anti-amyloid treatment selection and monitoring in real-world settings.

Lv X, Shen K, Zhao Q et al. · Science bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Reproducibility of overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer randomized trials using ARCAD-Derived external control arms.

This study evaluated the feasibility and limitations of constructing synthetic control arms (SCAs) for overall survival (OS) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) using ARCAD-derived individual patient data and propensity score matching across seven landmark randomized trials. The key finding was that OS reproducibility using ARCAD-derived external control arms varies by treatment line and depends on how well baseline prognostic factors are balanced between the SCA and trial arms. Scientifically, the work clarifies when ARCAD-based SCAs can credibly complement RCTs for OS in mCRC, and when validity may be limited.

Raeisi M, André T, Shi Q et al. · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Prognostic impact of circulating tumor RAS and BRAF mutation dynamics in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

This multi-institutional iScience study analyzed 1,391 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer from the SCRUM-Japan GOZILA platform to assess prognostic effects of circulating tumor DNA dynamics for RAS and BRAF V600E mutations using longitudinal ctDNA after treatment. Patients with persistent or acquired RAS/BRAF mutations had worse overall survival than those with persistent wild-type, while NeoRAS/NeoBRAF wild-type groups had survival comparable to persistent wild-type cohorts (specific hazard comparisons truncated). The findings support using ctDNA “mutation dynamics” for risk stratification and potentially guiding treatment decisions in mCRC.

Osumi H, Shinozaki E, Nakamura Y et al. · iScience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer Genomics, Microenvironment & Targeted Therapy (including pediatric targeted therapy)

DDIAS shields single-stranded DNA in mitosis and promotes vertebrate brain development.

This mechanistic study identified DDIAS as a mitosis-specific DNA damage response protein and examined how it functions within the TOPBP1–CIP2A complex to protect single-stranded DNA during mitosis, with emphasis on BRCA1-deficient contexts. DDIAS was shown to be phosphorylation-dependent, to shield single-stranded DNA from aberrant nucleolytic processing, and to safeguard chromosome integrity during chromosome segregation. These findings clarify a mitosis-critical repair/defense pathway that may be especially relevant to genomic instability in BRCA1-/BRCA1-like tumor settings.

Tsukada K, Lototska L, Tsukada A et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

SPP1-driven spatial niche remodelling defines aggressive progression in the basal subtype of upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

This study used single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to define how SPP1-driven spatial niche remodeling drives aggressive progression in the basal subtype of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The key finding is that integrating single-cell and spatial data reveals subtype-specific cellular heterogeneity and microenvironmental programs linked to muscle invasion and worse disease-specific survival. Scientifically and clinically, this provides a mechanistic, spatially resolved framework for targeting SPP1-associated niche remodeling in aggressive basal UTUC.

Zhang Q, Wen Z, Yang Z et al. · Clinical and translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The diagnosis and management of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: A British Society for Haematology guideline.

This British Society for Haematology guideline reviewed the diagnosis and management of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) in the context of recent advances, including imaging and treatment updates such as PET-adapted radiotherapy strategies and newer systemic therapies. It highlights key updates including the use of PET-adapted approaches after first-line chemoimmunotherapy and the omission of consolidative radiotherapy in patients achieving complete metabolic response. The significance is standardized, evidence-informed care pathways that incorporate modern imaging and therapies, including CAR T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition where appropriate.

Osborne W, Bielby H, Cwynarski K et al. · British journal of haematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Consensus-Based Ranking of Determinants for Frontline Therapy Selection in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Conjoint Analysis.

This conjoint-analysis study used a structured consensus approach with a national panel of seven Italian hematology key opinion leaders to rank determinants for frontline therapy selection in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), focusing on patient age, clinical fitness, and molecular features including IGHV and TP53/17p status. The key finding is a consensus-based prioritization of host, disease, and therapy-related factors that clarifies how experts weigh these determinants when choosing first-line regimens. The clinical significance is improved transparency for personalized treatment decision-making in CLL, potentially aligning real-world prescribing with updated guideline determinants.

Coscia M, Gaidano G, Ghia P et al. · Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Connecting the dots: a centrosome-associated RAC1 signaling network links centrosome amplification with autophagy.

This mechanistic study (cell biology) investigated a centrosome-associated RAC1 signaling network linking centrosome amplification to autophagy, focusing on how cells adapt to supernumerary centrosomes. The authors report that RAC1-dependent signaling coordinates centrosome amplification responses with autophagy pathways, enabling proliferation despite abnormal centrosome numbers. This is scientifically significant because it identifies a potential molecular axis (RAC1–autophagy) that could be targeted to disrupt survival of cancer cells with centrosome amplification.

Coelho PA, Glover DM · Autophagy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prognostic factors of 10-year survival in patients with myeloma after autologous stem cell transplantation: a multicenter retrospective analysis.

This multicenter retrospective analysis studied 3,650 Japanese patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (1994–2013) to identify predictors of long-term survival (overall survival ≥10 years). Long-term survival was associated with IgG-type disease, absence of high-risk cytogenetic abnormality (HRCA), ISS stage I/II, and post-transplantation therapy, with additional prognostic signals including kappa light chain type and post-transplantation treatment variables. These results are significant for risk stratification and counseling in ASCT recipients by highlighting clinical and disease features linked to durable outcomes.

Suzuki K, Hanamura I, Takamatsu H et al. · Leukemia & lymphoma · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Older Age, STAG2, and DNMT3A Mutations Predict Superior Posttransplant Survival in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Venetoclax Plus Hypomethylating Agents.

This study analyzed post–allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) outcomes in 111 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (ND-AML) patients treated with frontline venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents (Ven-HMA), focusing on how age and mutations in STAG2 and DNMT3A relate to survival. The key finding was that older age together with STAG2 and DNMT3A mutations at diagnosis predicted superior posttransplant survival. Clinically, these biomarkers could help risk-stratify ND-AML patients considered for ASCT after Ven-HMA induction and guide prognostic counseling.

Warraich M, Kumar S, Fatima M et al. · American journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Outcomes of target therapies for pediatric BRAF V600-mutant low-grade gliomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed targeted therapies—specifically BRAF and MEK inhibitors—for pediatric BRAF V600-mutant low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) using PRISMA 2020 and pooling data from randomized and retrospective studies. The key finding was that available evidence supports clinically meaningful tumor response and progression-free survival with an adverse-event profile consistent with BRAF/MEK pathway inhibition, while functional outcomes and quality-of-life reporting remain limited. Scientifically and clinically, the synthesis helps define the current efficacy/safety landscape for targeted therapy in pLGG and highlights gaps in standardized functional and patient-reported outcomes.

Figueira K, Pigott LE · Neuro-oncology advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Evolutionary study of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in breast carcinoma.

This evolutionary/phylogenetic study analyzed breast cancer-related oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene families across vertebrate species using protein sequence retrieval from Ensembl and NCBI, BLAST to obtain FASTA sequences, and multiple sequence alignment with ClustalW in MEGA X. It reported comparative evolutionary patterns of these gene families relevant to human breast cancer, aiming to infer functional conservation/divergence that may relate to oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles. The work is significant as it provides an evolutionary framework that could help prioritize genes for functional studies and comparative oncology approaches in breast carcinoma.

Nazir A, Ambreen S, Nawaz Y · Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dual-oxygen pancreatic cancer organoids recapitulate basal-classical heterogeneity validated by spatial transcriptomics.

This study investigated how oxygen tension shapes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) organoid modeling by generating paired pancreatic cancer organoids under normoxia (20% O2) and hypoxia (1% O2) and comparing them to tumor heterogeneity mapped by spatial transcriptomics. It found that dual-oxygen organoids better recapitulate basal–classical heterogeneity, addressing the limitation that normoxic cultures preferentially maintain the classical subtype. This is scientifically significant because it improves the physiological relevance of PDAC organoid systems for studying intratumoral diversity and therapy response.

Kumano K, Nakahashi H, Shimomura O et al. · British journal of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The ER-Golgi intermediate compartment: a central hub integrating membrane trafficking and stress responses.

This mechanistic review studied the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to define its role in membrane trafficking and stress responses. It found that ERGIC functions as a stress-responsive regulatory hub that integrates cargo sorting/trafficking with protein quality control during ER stress and remodels trafficking flux under perturbations. The significance is that ERGIC may represent a therapeutic and research target for diseases involving secretory pathway dysfunction and ER stress.

Guo Y, Zheng J, Liu L et al. · EMBO reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

IRE1 activity is prognostic in localised and metastatic prostate cancer and affects epithelial lineage states.

This preclinical translational study investigated whether IRE1 activity in the unfolded protein response is prognostic and functionally relevant in prostate cancer by using stress-response models across localized and metastatic stages. It found that loss of IRE1 activity is associated with poor prognosis features (including RB1 loss) and influences epithelial lineage states, including club-like phenotypes, and that IRE1 activity relates to treatment resistance biology. The significance is that IRE1 activity could serve as a biomarker and potential therapeutic vulnerability in high-risk prostate cancer.

Doultsinos D, Tomljanovic I, Pilalis E et al. · EMBO molecular medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology Strategies

Chemoradiotherapy versus short-course radiotherapy for response-adapted organ preservation in early-stage and intermediate-stage rectal cancer (STAR-TREC): 12-month results of an international, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, phase 2/3 trial.

In the STAR-TREC randomized phase 2/3 trial, investigators compared long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) versus short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) for response-adapted organ preservation in early- and intermediate-stage rectal cancer across an international multicenter open-label design. The 12-month results assessed whether SCRT could increase organ preservation and reduce surgery and toxicity without compromising oncologic outcomes compared with LCCRT. The clinical significance is that it informs optimal radiotherapy strategy to maximize nonoperative management while maintaining cancer control in rectal cancer patients.

Bach SP, Sebag-Montefiore D, Homer V et al. · The Lancet. Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prognostic Impact of the Addition of Prostate-Directed Radiotherapy With or Without Metastasis-Directed Radiotherapy Under Upfront Doublet Therapy for High-Volume Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

This retrospective study evaluated whether adding prostate-directed radiotherapy (PDRT), with or without metastasis-directed radiotherapy (MDRT), improves outcomes for 239 patients with synchronous high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer receiving upfront doublet therapy (2018–2025). Patients receiving PDRT (n=32) had better castration resistance-free survival than those receiving upfront doublet therapy alone (n=207), with the benefit assessed in relation to the use of MDRT. These findings support incorporating PDRT (and potentially MDRT) into treatment planning for high-volume mHSPC treated with upfront systemic doublet therapy to improve long-term disease control.

Koguchi D, Tsumura H, Tabata KI et al. · The Prostate · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Immunotherapy & Cellular Therapy Toxicity/Optimization (ICANS, CAR T, MG biologics)

Durvalumab and tremelimumab, with or without lenvatinib, combined with transarterial chemoembolisation in participants with embolisation-eligible hepatocellular carcinoma (EMERALD-3): a global, randomised, open-label, sponsor-blinded, phase 3 study.

This phase 3 randomized trial (EMERALD-3) studied STRIDE (single tremelimumab regular interval durvalumab) with or without lenvatinib plus transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) in adults with embolisation-eligible hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) across 177 sites in 21 countries. The study evaluated whether adding STRIDE ± lenvatinib to standard TACE improves efficacy and safety compared with TACE-based control strategies. If effective, this regimen could expand immunotherapy-based combination options for embolisation-eligible HCC by leveraging TACE-induced immune responses.

Kudo M, Abou-Alfa GK, Ren Z et al. · The Lancet. Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

T-cell immunosenescence limits CD19 CAR T-cell function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

This study tested whether immunosenescence limits autologous CD19 CAR T-cell (CTL019) function in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) by analyzing senescence-associated features in response-linked preinfusion CAR T-cell products. Nonresponders and short partial responders had higher levels of senescence and senescence-associated inflammatory and proliferative arrest signatures, indicating that immunosenescence—not only classical exhaustion—constrains CAR T-cell activity. Clinically, profiling senescence in CTL019 products could help predict response and guide strategies to rejuvenate CAR T cells in CLL.

Noll JH, Dersh D, Li JY et al. · Blood · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Anakinra Prophylaxis for Recurrent Severe ICANS Associated With Tarlatamab in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Case Report.

This JTO Clinical and Research Reports case report described a patient with relapsed small cell lung cancer treated with the T-cell engager tarlatamab who experienced recurrent severe immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). To prevent recurrence, subsequent tarlatamab administrations included prophylactic anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist), after which severe ICANS episodes were managed (outcome details truncated). The case supports IL-1 blockade as a potential real-world strategy for preventing severe ICANS in patients receiving tarlatamab.

Shia DW, Limvorasak S, Reckamp KL et al. · JTO clinical and research reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Infectious Disease & Antimicrobial/Antiviral Strategies (bacteria, influenza, dengue prevention mapping)

Interventions for preventing dengue: a mapping review.

This mapping review aimed to systematically chart the evidence for interventions preventing dengue, including primary studies and systematic reviews, with an emphasis on low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The key finding is that the dengue prevention evidence base is fragmented across study designs, topics, and quality, and there is a lack of consolidated high-level synthesis capturing the full scope of existing knowledge. The scientific significance is that the resulting evidence and gap map will help funders and policymakers prioritize future research investments where prevention strategies are under-studied or uncertain.

Choi L, Guedes Alcoforado Aguiar B, Wisniewski S et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

ACE2 decoy Fc-fusions and bispecific killer engagers require Fc engagement for in vivo efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.

This experimental study tested SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic constructs, including ACE2 decoy Fc-fusions and bispecific killer engagers (BiKEs), to determine whether Fc engagement is required for in vivo efficacy. The key finding was that both ACE2 decoy Fc-fusions and BiKEs depend on Fc receptor engagement to achieve effective in vivo activity against SARS-CoV-2. The clinical significance is that it provides mechanistic guidance for designing next-generation Fc-dependent antiviral biologics that remain effective as viral variants evolve.

Dick JK, Krishna VD, Hicks D et al. · Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Characterisation of a human monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved epitope at the base of the HA head of influenza A(H3N2) virus.

This study characterized a human monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved epitope at the base of the hemagglutinin (HA) head of influenza A(H3N2) virus by screening and analyzing previously reported H3-HA-reactive human mAbs. The key finding is that the antibody binds a conserved H3-HA head-base epitope, expanding the map of conserved H3-specific antigenic sites beyond the commonly targeted HA stem, receptor-binding site (RBS), or trimeric interface. The scientific significance is that defining conserved head epitopes can support vaccine and antibody design aimed at resilience to antigenic drift in H3N2.

Yamayoshi S, Hamabata T, Inoue Y et al. · EBioMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted degradation of Influenza a virus nucleoprotein via aptamer-based PROTACs for antiviral therapy.

This preclinical study developed an aptamer-based proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) to selectively degrade influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) using the Direct-to-Biology (D2B) platform to identify an active candidate (NP-PROTAC#4). The key finding is that NP-PROTAC#4 efficiently drives targeted degradation of IAV NP, overcoming limitations of conventional NP-targeting approaches. This is clinically relevant as it provides a new antiviral strategy—targeted protein degradation—for a highly conserved influenza target that may retain activity across viral variants.

Li W, Ju Y, Gao Y et al. · Virulence · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Metformin Enhances Macrophage Phagocytosis and Intracellular Clearance of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniaevia AMPK Activation.

This study evaluated metformin, an AMPK activator, as a host-directed therapy against hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) using THP-1 macrophages infected with hvKp strain NTUH-K2044 and a murine liver abscess model. Metformin enhanced hvKp phagocytosis and intracellular clearance while implicating AMPK-dependent autophagy flux, with reduced intracellular bacterial survival and improved bacterial burden in vivo. These findings support repurposing metformin to boost macrophage antimicrobial function against hvKp, potentially improving outcomes where antibiotic resistance and intracellular persistence drive disease.

Lin Y, Li P, Chen W et al. · Infection and drug resistance · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Phylogenetic and Genomic Feature Analysis of Cutaneous Nocardia Isolates.

This study characterized the phylogenetic relationships and genomic features of 31 human cutaneous Nocardia isolates and investigated virulence-associated and antimicrobial resistance determinants alongside phenotypic susceptibility profiles. The key finding was that cutaneous Nocardia isolates show distinct genomic/phylogenetic patterns linked to specific resistance and virulence-associated genetic features. These data improve understanding of cutaneous nocardiosis epidemiology and can inform more targeted antimicrobial selection and future diagnostic or surveillance strategies.

Duan Y, Du B, Song Z et al. · Infection and drug resistance · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Near real-time data on the human neutralizing antibody landscape to influenza virus as of early 2026 to inform vaccine-strain selection.

This study characterized the near real-time human neutralizing antibody landscape to seasonal influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 using high-throughput sequencing-based neutralization assays. It tested a library of 57 H3N2 and 34 H1N1 hemagglutinins (reflecting late-2025 to early-2026 circulating diversity) against 302 human sera, generating a dataset of 27,409 neutralization titres. The results are significant because they can directly inform 2026–2027 Northern Hemisphere vaccine-strain selection by quantifying antigenic match to current human immunity.

Kikawa C, Huddleston J, Turner SA et al. · Virus evolution · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Decoding resistance: a comprehensive study on pathogens and antibiotic efficacy in periprosthetic joint infections.

This retrospective study examined periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) by analyzing 825 antibiograms and patient demographics from 2005–2021 to characterize causative pathogens and antibiotic resistance profiles. It found that methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was the most prevalent pathogen (20.8%), followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with resistance assessed across antibiotics including ampicillin/sulbactam, clindamycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampicin. The findings are clinically significant for selecting effective empiric and targeted antibiotic regimens to improve PJI eradication.

Hahn N, Jäger M, Wegner A et al. · Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Kidney Disease & Immunotherapy (IgA nephropathy, AKI systemic syndrome)

Efficacy and safety of sibeprenlimab in IgA nephropathy: interim analysis of the China cohort in the phase 3 VISIONARY trial.

This interim analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of the anti–IL-? (sibeprenlimab) monoclonal antibody in 102 Chinese patients with IgA nephropathy enrolled in the phase 3 VISIONARY trial and randomized to sibeprenlimab 400 mg subcutaneously versus placebo. Sibeprenlimab produced a placebo-adjusted 51.2% reduction in 24-hour urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (uPCR-24h) at 9 months (P<.0001). These results support sibeprenlimab as a potentially effective, kidney-protective immunotherapy for IgA nephropathy in a mainland China population.

Zhang H, Liew A, Wong MG et al. · Clinical kidney journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

AKI as a systemic syndrome and its impact on other organ systems.

This review studied acute kidney injury (AKI) as a systemic syndrome by synthesizing experimental and clinical evidence on how inflammation and metabolite accumulation drive cross-talk between the kidney and distant organs. It found that AKI-associated remote organ dysfunction is linked to inflammatory signaling and circulating/accumulating metabolites, with clinical studies showing associations between AKI and non-renal organ complications. The work is significant because it frames AKI as a whole-body disease process, informing broader risk assessment and therapeutic targeting beyond the kidney.

Manca B, Forni L, Booke H et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Neurodegeneration & Neuroinflammation (AD, TDP-43, neuroinflammation in psychiatry)

TDP-43-Associated Neurodegenerative Disease Conceptualization and Integrated Staging: A Review.

This JAMA Neurology review synthesized evidence on TDP-43 pathology across neurodegenerative diseases (including LATE, ALS, inclusion body myositis, multisystem proteinopathy, and ~half of frontotemporal dementia cases) and proposed a conceptual framework for disease staging. The key point is that TDP-43-associated disease biology can be used to move beyond phenotype-based nosology for biomarker development and therapy targeting. Scientifically, this integrated staging approach could improve how TDP-43-targeted interventions are stratified and evaluated across multiple clinical syndromes.

Benatar M, Barmada S, Jicha GA et al. · JAMA neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neuroinflammation as a Pharmacological Target in Psychiatric Disorders.

This article reviewed neuroinflammation as a pharmacological target across major psychiatric disorders in humans, focusing on mechanisms involving microglia/astrocyte activation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in conditions such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders. It concludes that chronic, low-grade CNS inflammation shifts cytokine balance and triggers neurotoxic cascades that may contribute to symptom onset, progression, and treatment resistance. Targeting neuroinflammatory pathways is therefore proposed as a scientifically grounded strategy to improve psychiatric therapeutics beyond traditional neurotransmitter-based approaches.

Karwa PN, Parekar V, Buttepatil S et al. · Current pharmaceutical design · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Biomarkers, Diagnostics, and Emerging Therapies in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review (2015-2025).

This systematic review evaluated biomarkers, diagnostics, and emerging therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in human studies from 2015–2025, emphasizing advances such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau–directed immunotherapies and diagnostic techniques including positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. It reports that improved biomarker strategies and PET-based approaches enable earlier detection, monitoring of disease progression, and better therapy management. Clinically, integrating validated biomarkers with modern imaging and Aβ/tau immunotherapies is positioned to reduce diagnostic uncertainty and support more targeted AD treatment decisions.

Patnaik S, Patra PK, Patra CN et al. · Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Metformin in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

This review examined metformin as a repurposable drug for neurodegenerative diseases in the context of shared metabolic dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, and chronic neuroinflammation across human and preclinical evidence. It finds that metformin can modulate interconnected inflammatory and metabolic pathways relevant to neurodegeneration, supporting its therapeutic potential beyond type 2 diabetes. Scientifically, metformin’s established safety profile makes it a practical candidate for trials aimed at disease-modifying effects through anti-inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms.

Langmead AP, Keane BA, Jacob JA et al. · Current neuropharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Novel cell markers with altered expression in brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease: A review.

This review compiled evidence for novel cellular markers with altered expression in brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on immune, glial, and neuronal cell populations and genes such as TREM2 and CD33. The key finding was that multiple cell-type–specific markers (including TREM2 and CD33) show reproducible expression changes across aging/Alzheimer’s contexts and may reflect underlying immune and neurodegenerative processes. Clinically, these markers could improve diagnostic precision and monitoring of disease progression, though the review emphasizes the need for further validation.

Alobu EJ, Uchewa OO, Ibegbu AO · IBRO neuroscience reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of engineered young plasma-derived exosomes in Alzheimer’s disease.

This preclinical study engineered rabies virus glycoprotein peptide (RVG-29)–conjugated young plasma-derived exosomes (RVG-EXOs) and tested their therapeutic mechanisms in 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease model mice. RVG-EXOs more effectively ameliorated Alzheimer’s-related pathology and functional deficits than unmodified young plasma exosomes, with mechanistic effects consistent with improved disease-relevant cellular processes. The work supports RVG-targeted exosome delivery as a promising strategy for AD therapy and provides mechanistic leads for translation.

Chen H, Si Y, Cheng Q et al. · Bioactive materials · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Reproductive Biology & Developmental Cell Biology (oocyte meiosis, rRNA condensates)

DDX3X-mediated rRNA condensate clearance during germinal vesicle breakdown facilitates chromosome segregation in oocytes.

This study examined how the RNA helicase DDX3X clears ribosomal RNA (rRNA) condensates during germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in mouse oocytes, using RNA-FISH and 5-ethynyl uridine (5-EU) labeling. The authors found that rRNA is present at GVBD and that RNA polymerase I is present at GV but not GVBD, while DDX3X-mediated clearance of rRNA condensates facilitates chromosome segregation during meiosis. These findings identify DDX3X-dependent rRNA condensate dynamics as a mechanistic requirement for accurate meiotic chromosome segregation, informing how nucleolar/rRNA remodeling supports oocyte maturation.

An X, Wang XP, Xie FY et al. · Biology of reproduction · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Metabolic Health, Obesity & Cardiometabolic Risk (GLP-1, perimenopause, CKM syndrome)

Perimenopause and metabolic vulnerability: hormones, body composition and lifestyle changes.

This narrative review examined how perimenopause—driven largely by declining estradiol and age-related metabolic changes—creates a window of metabolic vulnerability affecting body composition and cardiometabolic health. The key conclusion is that adverse metabolic changes may occur even without substantial weight gain, potentially delaying clinical recognition. Clinically, it highlights the need for earlier metabolic risk assessment and lifestyle/intervention planning during the perimenopausal transition.

Lobato VA, Minari TP, Pisani LP · Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Weight loss outcomes with tirzepatide in women with and without self-reported polycystic ovary syndrome.

This retrospective open-cohort study in a UK digital weight management service evaluated weight loss outcomes with tirzepatide in women with self-reported polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) versus women without PCOS. The study quantified tirzepatide effectiveness for overweight/obesity in PCOS and explored whether engagement with nonpharmacological digital adjuncts was associated with greater weight loss. The findings are significant for tailoring anti-obesity pharmacotherapy in PCOS populations and for optimizing digital support to improve outcomes.

Clift AK, Reisel D, Johnson H et al. · Journal of the Endocrine Society · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Responders Vs. Non-Responders or How to Predict the Response to GLP-1 or GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist Therapy.

This narrative review synthesized evidence from human studies (2005–2026) on predictors of response to GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes and obesity. It concludes that response variability can be anticipated using biological, genetic, metabolic, hormonal, behavioral, and psychosocial predictors, organized by clinical context (glycemic control, weight loss without T2D, and combined metabolic benefit). The significance is that stratifying patients by these predictors could improve selection and effectiveness of incretin-based therapies.

Kuryłowicz A, Czupryniak L · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Low-Dose Fisetin Supplementation and Its Association With Chronic Inflammation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Study Protocol for a Triple-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

This triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial protocol is designed to test whether low-dose fisetin supplementation in generally healthy middle-aged and older adults reduces systemic chronic inflammation, measured by plasma soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). The key finding (as a study design) is that the trial will quantify changes in suPAR levels and track adverse events to determine whether fisetin’s anti-inflammatory/senolytic effects translate into measurable human biomarker improvements. Scientifically, it addresses the current gap in randomized controlled trial evidence for fisetin in humans and targets a clinically relevant inflammation pathway for healthy aging interventions.

Tavenier J, Berglind M, Hach LF et al. · Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immunometabolic reprogramming via GLP-1 receptor agonists in people with HIV: A multidimensional systemic framework.

This review synthesized randomized trials, observational cohorts, pharmacogenomic studies, and mechanistic data on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual GIP/GLP-1 RAs in people with HIV (PWH), focusing on immunometabolic reprogramming. The compiled evidence indicates GLP-1–based therapies can reduce visceral adiposity and body weight while improving inflammatory biomarker profiles in PWH, addressing common ART-associated weight gain and persistent inflammation. The clinical significance is that it supports GLP-1–pathway drugs as candidate interventions to mitigate cardiometabolic risk and chronic inflammation in an underrepresented HIV population.

Sun L, Isnard S, Zhu H et al. · Bioscience trends · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Muscle health and cardiovascular risk across stages of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome: A prospective cohort study.

This prospective cohort study analyzed 8,405 adults without cardiovascular disease from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to test whether skeletal muscle health relates to incident cardiovascular risk across stages of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Using relative handgrip strength (RGS) for upper-limb muscle health and the five-time chair stand test (5-CST) for lower-limb muscle health, the study found associations between poorer muscle function and higher cardiovascular risk that varied by CKM stage severity. The scientific significance is that it supports muscle health as a potentially stage-dependent risk marker and intervention target within the CKM syndrome framework.

Hou Y, Lu Z, Chi Y et al. · Experimental gerontology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Divergent complication patterns of type 2 diabetes in African individuals who are lean versus overweight or obese: a multi-cohort analysis.

This multi-cohort analysis compared complication patterns in African individuals with type 2 diabetes who were lean (BMI <25 kg/m²) versus overweight/obese using harmonized individual-level data from two cohorts (Africa America Diabetes Mellitus study and Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants study). The key finding is that lean versus overweight/obese status is associated with divergent complication profiles, consistent with a phenotype more driven by impaired insulin secretion than insulin resistance. This is significant for tailoring screening and treatment strategies in African populations by recognizing distinct clinical trajectories by body composition.

Esmail S, Hayfron-Benjamin C, Darko SN et al. · Diabetologia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Obesity at antiretroviral therapy initiation and long-term risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or death in people with HIV in Italy: a prospective cohort study.

This prospective cohort study assessed whether obesity at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation predicts long-term risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or death in ART-naïve people with HIV enrolled in Italy’s ICONA Foundation study. Obesity at ART start was associated with increased risk of subsequent clinical events over follow-up. Scientifically and clinically, the results emphasize early weight/adiposity assessment and risk stratification at ART initiation to help reduce long-term morbidity and mortality in people with HIV.

Mussini C, Giacomelli A, Lapadula G et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy and skeletal muscle: A narrative review synthesizing adult evidence with implications for older adults.

This narrative review synthesized human evidence on how GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) affect skeletal muscle mass, strength, composition, and performance, with emphasis on implications for older adults at risk for sarcopenia and frailty. The key finding was that GLP-1 RA therapy can be associated with lean mass loss and changes in muscle-related outcomes, though the magnitude and clinical relevance vary across studies and direct older-adult data remain limited. Clinically, it highlights the need for monitoring muscle health and designing geriatric-focused strategies when prescribing GLP-1 RAs for diabetes or weight management.

Jagasia K, Pfeiffer AM, Vitale K · JAR life · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Micronutrient Networks in Nutritional Anemia: A Narrative Review Beyond Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Iron Deficiency.

This narrative review examined how multi-micronutrient deficiencies (including folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, zinc, copper, selenium, and antioxidant vitamins) interact to cause nutritional anemia across populations, with emphasis on women, children, and people in low- and middle-income countries. It found that anemia is often driven by complex micronutrient networks affecting erythropoiesis, iron homeostasis, DNA synthesis, oxidative balance, and red blood cell survival rather than iron deficiency alone. The review highlights that broader micronutrient assessment and intervention may be necessary to improve anemia prevention and treatment outcomes beyond iron-only strategies.

Chougule S, T M, Mohite A et al. · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Haemodynamic control of zonated liver function via instructive vascular Wnt signalling.

This study examined how blood flow–induced haemodynamic stress controls liver metabolic zonation through instructive vascular Wnt signaling by combining single-cell RNA sequencing with spatial approaches in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cell niche. It found that haemodynamic stress acts as a biophysical sensor that governs the angiocrine Wnt expression profile of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC). The results are significant because they mechanistically link vascular mechanics to zonated liver function, informing strategies to modulate liver metabolism via endothelial signaling.

Lee KH, Jakab M, Uvarovskii A et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Bone Health & Skeletal Biomechanics (RA/PsA bone loss, osteopetrosis/osteoclast resorption)

Effectiveness of Mepolizumab on Mucus Plug Reduction and Clinical Outcomes in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: A Prospective Observational Study.

This preclinical study investigated a novel small-molecule modulator targeting sorting nexin 10 (SNX10), an autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO)-associated gene, to inhibit osteoclast bone resorption. The key finding is that modulating SNX10 with the identified small molecule suppresses osteoclast resorptive function while aiming to preserve osteoclast–osteoblast coupling. This is significant because it suggests a potential next-generation antiresorptive approach that may reduce bone loss with fewer long-term complications than therapies that broadly eliminate osteoclasts.

Campisi R, Nolasco S, Bonsignore M et al. · The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · (2026) · 4 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Impact of disease activity on bone density, microarchitecture, and biomechanical properties in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis over 7 years.

This study followed seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA-), seropositive RA (RA+), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients over 7 years to determine how disease activity relates to bone density, microarchitecture, and distal radius/metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint biomechanics using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Over time, worsening disease activity was associated with progressive deterioration in HR-pQCT-derived bone measures and biomechanical properties at the distal radius and MCP joint. These longitudinal findings support disease-activity–driven bone loss as a measurable, imaging-based target for monitoring and potentially improving long-term skeletal outcomes in RA and PsA.

Temiz A, Kemenes S, Bayat S et al. · Annals of the rheumatic diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Wound Healing & Biomaterials

Phototriggered adhesive hydrogels integrating Mg/Quercetin MOFs for synchronous regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis in diabetic wounds.

This study developed a phototriggered adhesive hydrogel (GelNB/HAMA) integrating Mg/Quercetin-based metal-organic frameworks (MgQu@GelNB/HAMA) for diabetic wound healing and tested its effects in vitro. The key finding was that under photostimulation the hydrogel synchronously regulated inflammation and angiogenesis, supporting improved wound-healing-relevant cellular responses in the diabetic wound microenvironment. Scientifically, it provides a multifunctional, externally activatable biomaterial approach that could enhance healing by targeting both inflammatory and vascular deficits in diabetes.

Yang Y, Tang B, Zhou M et al. · Materials today. Bio · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondria-derived peptide hydrogel augments mitochondrial transplantation for promoting cardiac repair via macrophage metabolic reprogramming.

This preclinical study investigated whether a mitochondria-derived peptide (MOTS-c) hydrogel delivery system can augment mitochondrial transplantation to promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI). It engineered a self-assembling peptide conjugate (Q11) to form MQgel@Mito and reported improved therapeutic outcomes via macrophage metabolic reprogramming, addressing donor mitochondrial fragility by improving delivery/viability. The scientific significance is that it offers a strategy to enhance mitochondrial transplantation efficacy for MI by coupling mitochondrial delivery with immune-metabolic modulation.

Li H, Zhang Y, Jian Y et al. · Bioactive materials · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Surgery, Perioperative Care & Clinical Prediction (delirium/AKI prediction, anesthesia, recovery)

Long-term impact of acute pancreatitis on patients’ quality of life: a multi-center prospective study in Japan.

This multi-center prospective cohort study followed adults (≥18 years) hospitalized with acute pancreatitis at 20 Japanese hospitals (April 2018–March 2024) to assess long-term changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and social participation. The study evaluated HRQoL at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months and identified factors associated with incomplete recovery of social participation after acute pancreatitis. The findings are clinically important because they help predict which patients may have persistent functional impairment and could benefit from targeted post-discharge interventions.

Ueno M, Tsuji Y, Eguchi T et al. · Journal of gastroenterology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine-Based Multimodal General Anesthesia with Electroencephalographic Spectrogram-Guided Titration Improves Early Recovery After Lumbar Spine Fusion in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This randomized controlled trial studied whether dexmedetomidine–ketamine-based multimodal general anesthesia with electroencephalographic spectrogram-guided titration improves early recovery in older adults (≥60 years) undergoing lumbar spine fusion. The key finding was that spectrogram-guided multimodal anesthesia improved early postoperative recovery compared with conventional balanced anesthesia. Clinically, the results suggest an anesthesia strategy that may reduce recovery impairment and potentially improve perioperative outcomes in high-risk older surgical patients.

Tsuang FY, Shih PY, Lin CP et al. · Drug design, development and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Myofascial Trigger Point-Augmented Acupuncture vs Conventional Acupuncture for Early- to Mid-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial studied whether adding myofascial trigger point (MTrP)-targeted dry needling to conventional acupuncture improves short-term pain and function in adults with early- to mid-stage knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade II–III). The key finding was that the combined approach produced a higher week-2 composite responder rate (VAS pain reduction plus WOMAC improvement) than conventional acupuncture alone. Clinically, this suggests MTrP-augmented acupuncture may be a more effective nonpharmacologic option for early–mid knee OA symptom relief.

Zhang L, Xu J, Jiang L et al. · Journal of pain research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multicenter Privacy-Preserving Federated Models for Predicting Postoperative Delirium and Acute Kidney Injury in Older Patients.

This multicenter study evaluated privacy-preserving federated learning models to predict postoperative delirium (POD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in older surgical patients. Using a simulated federated learning framework across five centers (7,216 patients aged ≥65 years; four training sites and one external validation site) without sharing raw patient data, it trained multilayer models to improve generalizability under privacy constraints. The clinical significance is that federated, multicenter prediction models could enable safer and more accurate risk stratification for POD and AKI while maintaining patient privacy.

Wang Q, Song YX, Yang XD et al. · MedComm · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Rare Diseases, Case Reports & Safety Surveillance (foreign body, vaccine demyelination, ASO safety atlas)

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): A Review.

This JAMA review summarized current consensus criteria and clinical features of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a chronic autonomic disorder affecting an estimated 0.1%–1% of the US population. It emphasized diagnostic thresholds based on sustained orthostatic heart-rate increase (≥30 beats/min, or ≥40 beats/min in adolescents) within 10 minutes of standing/head-up tilt without orthostatic hypotension. The review is clinically significant because it standardizes diagnosis and supports consistent evaluation of multisystem symptoms in POTS.

Chung TH, Raj SR · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Multi-omics identification of haptoglobin as a novel target for increased Alzheimer’s disease risk associated with obesity through inhibiting the phagocytosis of Aβ by disease-associated microglia.

This multi-omics study investigated how obesity increases Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk by identifying haptoglobin (HP) as a mediator that inhibits phagocytosis of amyloid-beta (Aβ) by disease-associated microglia, using epidemiology, Mendelian randomization, transcriptomics, and mechanistic validation. It reports that genetically higher BMI is associated with increased AD risk, with HP emerging as a core mediator linked to plasma AD biomarkers and cognitive performance, and mechanistic data supporting HP-driven suppression of microglial Aβ phagocytosis. Scientifically, HP is proposed as a novel therapeutic target to reduce obesity-associated AD risk via microglial functional modulation.

Qian X, Wang Z, Cui P et al. · Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

An Essential Role of the AMPK-Related Kinase Snrk in Regulating Drosophila Sleep.

This Drosophila genetics study investigated the AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinase family member Snrk (sucrose non-fermenting related kinase) in sleep regulation using snrk gene knockout and neuronal rescue experiments. The key finding was that snrk knockout caused a profound loss of night-time sleep that was stronger than the phenotype of the related kinase sik3, and that neuronal Snrk expression in adulthood fully rescued the sleep defect, requiring Snrk catalytic and regulatory sites. The scientific significance is that it identifies Snrk as an essential sleep regulator and provides a mechanistic entry point for mapping kinase control of sleep circuits.

Yang W, Li C, Shi J et al. · Genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The Genetic Architecture of Chronic Cough: From Sensory Hypersensitivity to Treatable Trait.

This review summarized genetic evidence for chronic cough as a treatable, biologically mediated sensory-neural disorder driven by cough hypersensitivity syndrome. It integrates findings from family-based studies, pharmacogenomics, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to show that inherited susceptibility shapes cough hypersensitivity, clinical heterogeneity, and treatment responsiveness. The significance lies in guiding more precise, genotype-informed approaches to chronic cough management and identifying genetic targets for future therapies.

Dong R, Zhang M, Morice AH · Pulmonary therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Acute Fulminant Demyelination after the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

This case report and literature review investigated a 30-year-old woman with probable acute fulminant demyelination occurring after COVID-19 vaccination, documenting a temporal association suggestive of causality. The key finding was that the patient developed severe neurological symptoms shortly after vaccination, aligning with a small number of previously reported similar events. Clinically, the report underscores the need for vigilance and prompt evaluation of rare demyelinating syndromes following COVID-19 vaccination.

Elsirawani S, Alfaifi A, Aljarallah S · Case reports in neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Premenstrual Symptoms in Two Nordic Populations.

This genome-wide association study investigated the genetic architecture of premenstrual symptoms (PSs) in 17,511 women with PSs and 54,786 control women of European ancestry from two Nordic population-based cohorts. The study used GWAS per cohort followed by meta-analysis, leveraging questionnaire-based PS measures or nationwide register diagnoses of premenstrual disorders (PMD), to identify genetic variants associated with PS/PMD. These findings are significant because they provide the first GWAS-level evidence to inform the biological pathways and heritability underlying PMDs, potentially guiding future risk prediction and mechanistic research.

Hysaj E, Jaholkowski P, Shadrin AA et al. · Biological psychiatry global open science · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Direct-Vision Removal of an Impacted Esophageal Padlock in a 7-year-Old at a Resource-Limited Facility: A Case Report.

This case report studied a 7-year-old boy with acute dysphagia and odynophagia after accidental ingestion of an impacted esophageal padlock at a remote, resource-limited facility. Because endoscopy was unavailable, the padlock was removed successfully under general anesthesia using direct laryngoscopy with Magill forceps. The clinical significance is that it documents a practical, safer alternative pathway for foreign-body removal when standard endoscopic management cannot be performed.

Mbuyamba H, Kapongo A, Tangila P et al. · International medical case reports journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SafeSense: An open-access safety atlas for antisense oligonucleotides adverse events in human.

This study developed SafeSense, an open-access safety atlas for antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) adverse events in humans. It curated and harmonized adverse event data across 112 ASOs (in collaboration with the N=1 collaborative preclinical working group) to enable cross-program, class-level safety analyses. The scientific significance is that SafeSense provides a centralized resource to identify shared ASO safety liabilities and support more informed ASO development and risk monitoring.

Vaknin N, Ziv A, Chernobylsky T et al. · Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sequential autoimmune and neoplastic manifestations during long-term benralizumab therapy for severe eosinophilic asthma: A descriptive case report.

This descriptive case report followed an 80-year-old woman with severe eosinophilic asthma treated long-term with benralizumab (anti–IL-5 receptor α) starting in August 2020. After near-complete peripheral eosinophil depletion and improved asthma control, she developed a sequential pattern of autoimmune and neoplastic manifestations over four years, including seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, biopsy-proven erythema nodosum, a radiologically characteristic pulmonary hamartoma, and early-stage [outcome truncated]. The report highlights the need for long-term vigilance for immune dysregulation and malignancy signals during sustained benralizumab therapy.

Shimizu A, Hino M, Kubota K et al. · Respiratory medicine case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gadd45a knockout alleviates cisplatin-induced hearing loss by inhibiting CXCL family protein expression.

This Military Medical Research study used a CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screening approach to identify regulators of cisplatin-induced hearing loss and then tested the role of Gadd45a in cochlear inflammation. Gadd45a knockout alleviated cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by inhibiting CXCL family protein expression (specific CXCL members and experimental details truncated). The results position GADD45A/CXCL signaling as a potential therapeutic target to reduce cisplatin-related hearing loss.

Wang WL, Zou SY, Wang DQ et al. · Military Medical Research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GAA engineered to improve cellular uptake enhances correction in a preclinical hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy model of Pompe disease.

This Molecular Therapy—Advances preclinical study engineered a GAA gene construct to improve cellular uptake and tested its ability to enhance correction in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy model of Pompe disease. In the model, the improved uptake design increased functional correction of GAA deficiency compared with baseline approaches (full vector design and quantitative outcomes truncated). The work advances gene therapy strategies aimed at overcoming limited enzyme uptake to improve systemic lysosomal enzyme delivery in Pompe disease.

Wantuch S, Tuske S, Benedetti S et al. · Molecular therapy. Advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Space radiation promotes clonal hematopoiesis and hematologic disease upon aging in a driver gene and sex-specific manner.

This iScience study used male and female murine models of clonal hematopoiesis driven by Trp53-, Ppm1d-, or Tet2-mediated mutations to test how space radiation (gamma radiation, simulated solar particle events, or simplified simulated galactic cosmic rays) affects clonal expansion and aging-related hematologic outcomes. Radiation accelerated expansion of Trp53 and Ppm1d mutant clones (not Tet2), and male mice with Trp53 mutant cells had worse survival after aging, with radiation exacerbating this effect (sex/mutation interactions truncated). The findings suggest that space radiation risk for hematologic disease depends on both driver mutation and sex, informing countermeasure development for long-duration spaceflight.

Evans MA, Doviak H, Polizio AH et al. · iScience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Molecular characterization of FAM222B as a novel disease gene for dominant cardiovascular laterality defects.

This genetic study investigated the role of FAM222B as a novel disease gene for dominant cardiovascular laterality defects by performing exome sequencing in 16 case-parent trios and an exome survey in 2,109 individuals with situs inversus totalis, heterotaxy, or isolated congenital heart disease. It identified six different FAM222B variants, including a de novo variant c.899G>A (p.300Arg>His) in two unrelated individuals. The findings are significant because they expand the molecular diagnosis of laterality defects beyond known primary ciliary dyskinesia–related genes.

Reitz N, Lambertz J, Yilmaz Ö et al. · Scientific reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis studied the prevalence and diagnostic value of susceptibility MRI biomarkers—central vein sign (CVS) and paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs)—in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). It found that pooled estimates could quantify the proportion of patients with ≥1 PRL and the proportion of CVS-positive lesions, and assess whether CVS-based thresholds improve diagnostic specificity in POMS. The significance is that it informs whether the 2024 McDonald criteria’s CVS/PRL concepts translate from adult-onset MS to pediatric populations.

de Mauro A, Cortese R, Fadda G et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

An additional water is introduced into the manganese cluster during the formation of the S3 state of photosystem II.

This structural biophysics study investigated how an additional water molecule is introduced into the Mn4Ca cluster during formation of the S3 state of photosystem II by using conventional high-resolution X-ray crystallography and anomalous diffraction at 9.5 keV and 7 keV. It found evidence consistent with insertion of an additional O ligand during S3-state formation and addressed controversy about when O–O bond interactions occur relative to the S3→S0 transition. The significance is that it clarifies the mechanistic steps of light-driven water oxidation, improving models of the catalytic cycle in photosynthesis.

Bhowmick A, Zhang M, Simon PS et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Generated automatically on August 25, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.