PubMed Trending Research Digest — September 07, 2026

Automated digest · 95 articles · 15 research areas · September 07, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s set, a dominant theme is precision medicine powered by better measurement—whether that’s single-molecule/structural assays for rare disease-relevant protein states (e.g., tau proteoforms; α-synuclein phosphorylation conformations), spatially resolved isoform mapping, or multi-omics/protein panels that improve prognosis and staging. Several studies also emphasize “earlier than symptoms” frameworks: biomarker-defined disease activity in the ALS–frontotemporal spectrum, non-invasive liver indices for cardio-hepatic risk, and risk stratification tools in acute neurologic and cardiovascular settings (e.g., D-dimer/TBV after aSAH; CTI after ventricular septal rupture). Methodologically, there’s also attention to how to benchmark modern AI/foundation models with reproducibility and generalization in mind.

A second major thread is metabolism–inflammation coupling as both mechanism and therapeutic opportunity. Reviews and mechanistic work link systemic inflammation to CKD and cardiovascular outcomes, gut-derived metabolites to primary sclerosing cholangitis, and mitochondrial immunometabolism to immune dysfunction in sepsis. In oncology, metabolic reprogramming repeatedly appears as a vulnerability (e.g., KDM6A loss driving a pseudo-hyperoxic state; colorectal CSC survival via MPST/3-MST; ferroptosis induction pathways in endometriosis). These mechanistic insights align with the clinical direction of the week: targeted and immune-based cancer strategies (CAR-T target selection in AML/MDS, PI3K inhibition in PIK3CA-mutant endometrial cancer, ADC/chemo-free intensification concepts in lung and esophageal cancers) and careful real-world safety characterization (e.g., trastuzumab deruxtecan pneumonitis; bevacizumab–radiotherapy GI perforation risk).

Finally, neuromodulation and circuit-level thinking show up in multiple forms—from formal frameworks for restorative normalization vs compensatory amplification, to vagus nerve stimulation for sleep disorders, to EEG and synaptic/circuit mapping approaches that connect intervention targets with measurable physiology. Complementing this, several clinical studies refine supportive care and drug-safety decisions (e.g., nasal high-flow to reduce opioid needs during ERCP; QT signal detection for ceftriaxone–PPI combinations; rifampin–CYP interactions affecting antihypertensive control). Together, the digest reflects a field moving toward tighter mechanistic grounding, better biomarkers, and more individualized intervention selection.

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Cardiovascular Risk, Heart Failure & Vascular Outcomes

Subclinical liver disease and incident cardiovascular events.

This prospective cohort study of 318,308 participants without clinical liver disease or cardiovascular disease at baseline assessed whether non-invasive liver biomarkers—fatty liver index (FLI), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI)—were independently and synergistically associated with incident major cardiovascular events. Higher hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and worse functional reserve (as captured by these indices) were associated with increased risk of incident CVD events. These findings support using routine, non-invasive liver risk stratification to identify people at elevated cardiovascular risk and to motivate integrated cardio-hepatology prevention strategies.

Li L, Wu L, Hu Z et al. · European heart journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Prospective Evaluation of Quality-of-Life Improvement After Dapagliflozin Initiation in a Greek Population With HFrEF: The EVOLUTION-HF 12-Month Results.

In the EVOLUTION-HF observational multicenter cohort study of 257 consecutive patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; LVEF ≤40%) in Greece, investigators prospectively assessed quality-of-life changes after initiating the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin over 12 months. The study found that starting dapagliflozin was associated with quality-of-life improvement at 12 months in this real-world HFrEF population. This supports the patient-centered benefit of dapagliflozin in addition to its established clinical outcomes in HFrEF.

Potoupni V, Boulmpou A, Maragkoudakis S et al. · Clinical cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The Role of overdose Folic Acid in Promoting Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in SOD1-G93A Mice.

This preclinical study used the SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to test how folic acid (FA) dosing affects neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Low-dose FA prolonged lifespan, whereas medium and high doses shortened lifespan, and overdose FA increased cerebellar inflammatory signaling including elevated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The significance is that folate supplementation may have dose-dependent, potentially harmful effects in ALS models, informing caution and mechanistic hypotheses for human translation.

Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Yan T et al. · Free radical research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists as fourth-line pharmacological therapy in patients with resistant hypertension and overweight or obesity: a retrospective multicenter cohort study in the USA.

This retrospective multicenter USA cohort study compared fourth-line effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in patients with resistant hypertension and overweight or obesity. The key finding is the relative effectiveness of GLP-1RAs as an alternative pharmacologic strategy versus guideline-recommended MRAs in this specific high-risk population. This is clinically significant because it informs treatment sequencing when MRAs are not used or are insufficient in resistant hypertension with excess weight.

Tian Z, Willerding JM, Schmidt-Ott KM et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Target Trial Emulation.

This population-based target trial emulation studied adults with type 2 diabetes to compare three initial treatment strategies—SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) alone, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) alone, or early combined therapy—for incident atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter. Using healthcare data from 2015–2025 with a 30-day treatment-assignment period and landmark follow-up, the study estimated comparative risks of incident AF/atrial flutter across these strategies. The findings are significant because they address uncertainty about AF risk with early use of these cardiometabolic drug classes and can guide safer initial therapy selection in diabetes.

Ostrovsky D, Alnsarsra H, Shamia D et al. · European journal of preventive cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Advanced hemodynamic monitoring of the patient with acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock.

This narrative review summarized advanced hemodynamic monitoring strategies for patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and cardiogenic shock. It emphasizes that cardiogenic shock is heterogeneous—encompassing impaired cardiac output, systemic inflammation, vasoplegia, tissue hypoperfusion, and multiorgan dysfunction—and proposes integrating echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics, and tissue perfusion assessment into phenotype-based bedside decision-making. The clinical significance is improved individualized monitoring and treatment selection to better match shock physiology and outcomes.

Messina A, Jozwiak M, Monnet X · Current opinion in critical care · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

C-Reactive Protein-Triglyceride Glucose Index and Mortality in Patients with Ventricular Septal Rupture After Acute Myocardial Infarction.

This observational study assessed the association between the C-reactive protein–triglyceride glucose index (CTI) and 1-year all-cause mortality in 284 patients with ventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction (VSR after AMI). Patients with higher CTI (above the median 6.408) had worse 1-year survival, with the relationship evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. CTI could serve as a practical prognostic biomarker linking inflammation and insulin resistance to mortality risk in this high-fatality complication.

Chen Y, Lin Z, Di X et al. · Journal of inflammation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comprehensive Risk Factor Control Attenuates Excess Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

This prospective cohort study in UK Biobank assessed whether comprehensive control of nine cardiovascular risk factors (diet, smoking, physical activity, blood pressure, HbA1c, LDL-C, hs-CRP, BMI, and estimated GFR) attenuates incident cardiovascular disease in 4,426 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with 17,704 matched non-RA controls, and whether genetic susceptibility modified effects. Higher joint risk factor control was associated with reduced excess cardiovascular risk in RA, with the magnitude of benefit varying by genetic susceptibility. Clinically, the findings support aggressive multi-factor risk management as a practical strategy to lower cardiovascular events in RA patients.

Fan H, Zi X, Li T et al. · European journal of preventive cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of an ROX index-guided intubation strategy on mortality in patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula: a target trial emulation.

This target trial emulation used MIMIC-IV data to compare per-protocol effects of an ROX index-guided intubation strategy versus usual care in adults receiving high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in the ICU. Acting on ROX to time intubation within a defined window after ROX thresholds was evaluated for its impact on mortality after HFNC initiation. The study addresses whether ROX-guided escalation improves outcomes, informing bedside decision-making for HFNC failure management.

Yamamoto R, Tohyama T, Han A et al. · Journal of intensive care · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer Therapeutics (Targeted, ADCs, Immunotherapy) & Trials

Induction and consolidation atezolizumab with stereotactic body radiation therapy versus radiation alone in high-risk, early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (SWOG/NRG S1914): a multicentre, open-label, superiority, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.

In a multicentre, open-label phase 3 randomized trial, medically inoperable or surgery-declining patients with T1–T3N0M0 (≤7 cm) high-risk early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer received stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with or without atezolizumab given neoadjuvantly, concurrently, and adjuvantly. The key finding was that adding atezolizumab to SBRT improved outcomes compared with SBRT alone (superiority design). If confirmed in full results, this would establish chemo-free immunotherapy intensification with atezolizumab plus SBRT as a new standard option for high-risk early-stage NSCLC patients who cannot undergo surgery.

Daly ME, Simone CB, Redman MW et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeted therapies in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: new biomarkers and treatment strategies.

This Lancet Respiratory Medicine Series paper summarized targeted therapy advances in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), emphasizing new and established biomarkers and treatment strategies across molecular subgroups. It reports that biomarker-matched therapies improve outcomes in multiple genetically defined NSCLC categories and discusses emerging targets such as NRG1 fusions, MTAP loss, and SMARCA4 deficiency, alongside newer-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. Clinically, the work underscores the growing need for comprehensive molecular profiling to select the most effective targeted regimen and improve durability and intracranial control.

Hendriks LEL, Lin JJ, Tan DSW et al. · The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Trastuzumab Deruxtecan-Associated Pneumonitis in Non-Breast Solid Tumors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This retrospective single-center cohort study evaluated adults with advanced non-breast solid tumors receiving trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in routine practice (Jan 2019–May 2025) to characterize T-DXd-associated pneumonitis. Pneumonitis was defined as new/worsening radiographic infiltrates not attributable to infection, disease progression, or another cause, and the study reports its clinical risk profile and outcomes in this non-breast population. These findings are clinically significant because they help refine pneumonitis monitoring and management for patients treated with T-DXd outside the predominantly breast-cancer evidence base.

Attia AM, Delgado JCT, Lecaros Zavalla AD et al. · Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neoadjuvant triplet chemotherapy enables radiotherapy avoidance in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer: a multicentre Phase II trial.

This multicentre Phase II trial studied a neoadjuvant chemotherapy de-escalation strategy using docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (NAC-TPF) in patients with HPV-associated resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) to avoid postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) or chemoradiotherapy (POCRT). The primary endpoint was centrally reviewed pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC-TPF, and the trial reports that the approach enabled radiotherapy avoidance in this setting. The results are significant because they support a treatment strategy that may reduce toxicity by safely omitting postoperative RT/CRT for selected HPV-driven OPSCC patients achieving adequate response.

Yokota T, Tsuzuki T, Onitsuka T et al. · British journal of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Inavolisib for PIK3CA-mutated advanced endometrial cancer: a multicentric, phase II, MITO END-4 trial.

This multicentric Phase II MITO END-4 trial studied inavolisib, a potent and selective PI3K inhibitor, in patients with PIK3CA-mutated advanced endometrial cancer. The trial’s objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of inavolisib in this molecularly defined population, building on limited prior clinical activity of PI3K pathway inhibition in endometrial cancer. The results are clinically significant because they test a targeted therapy strategy for a high-prevalence actionable alteration (PIK3CA mutation) in advanced endometrial cancer.

Passarelli A, Bartoletti M, Farolfi A et al. · International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Dinutuximab beta with TEMIRI chemotherapy in relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma: Real-world insights into the open question of GD2 expression.

This real-world study evaluated off-label dinutuximab beta combined with TEMIRI chemotherapy in 25 children with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma, with attention to the open question of GD2 expression. The regimen was delivered on a 21-day schedule (irinotecan plus temozolomide, with dinutuximab beta added), and hematological toxicity was the most common adverse event while the best overall response rate was reported as 5% in the abstract. The clinical significance is that it provides practical outcome and safety data for dinutuximab beta–based chemoimmunotherapy in pediatric R/R neuroblastoma outside controlled trials.

De Ioris MA, Del Bufalo F, Quintarelli C et al. · Translational oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Antibody-Drug Conjugates in the Treatment of Esophageal Cancer.

This article reviewed antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as a treatment strategy for esophageal cancer, emphasizing their use after progression on first-line chemoimmunotherapy. The key finding was the clinical rationale for integrating ADCs as a post–chemoimmunotherapy option to achieve targeted cytotoxicity while limiting off-target toxicity. This supports ongoing development and clinical adoption of ADCs to improve outcomes in advanced esophageal cancer where options after progression remain limited.

Wu D, Chen W, Zhao Q et al. · Current treatment options in oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Durable CNS remission with elranatamab and intrathecal therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

This case report studied durable CNS remission in a 73-year-old woman with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (IgG kappa) harboring TP53 del(17p) and 13q deletion who developed leptomeningeal CNS disease after multiple prior lines including anti-CD38 therapy. The key finding was that elranatamab combined with intrathecal therapy achieved durable CNS remission, with CSF cytology and MRI findings consistent with CNS response. Clinically, this suggests a potential therapeutic approach for otherwise limited-treatment CNS involvement in multiple myeloma.

Mersin S, Sevindik ÖG · Annals of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clinicopathologic features and outcomes of patients with microsatellite instability-high endometrial cancer treated with pembrolizumab in Japan: the KCOG-G1902S/1903S study.

This Japanese prospective/observational study characterized clinicopathologic features of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-high) gynecologic malignancies and evaluated outcomes of pembrolizumab in MSI-high endometrial cancer, with exploratory assessment of MLH1 promoter methylation and obesity. The key finding was the reported clinical outcomes of pembrolizumab-treated MSI-high endometrial cancer and the association of tumor MLH1 promoter methylation status (in MLH1-loss tumors) and obesity with outcomes. Clinically, these findings help refine prognostic stratification and therapeutic expectations for pembrolizumab in MSI-high endometrial cancer in Japan.

Kashima Y, Murakami K, Otani T et al. · Journal of gynecologic oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A phase III clinical trial of PXT3003 in Chinese patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A.

This phase III randomized, placebo-controlled trial studied the low-dose oral combination drug PXT3003 in Chinese patients aged 16–65 years with genetically confirmed Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) due to PMP22 overexpression. At 15 months, the primary endpoint—change in ONLS total score—did not show the prespecified efficacy signal (mean ONLS change reported as -0.268 at month 15). The trial’s outcome informs the ongoing evaluation of PMP22-targeting disease-modifying therapy for CMT1A and highlights the need for better confirmatory efficacy strategies.

Liu X, Cao W, Li H et al. · iScience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparison of Long-Term Survival Between Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab and Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab With Chemotherapy in Advanced NSCLC: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

This multicenter retrospective cohort study compared long-term survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NI) versus nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy (NICT) across 13 Japanese institutions. The study evaluated median overall survival and 36-month overall survival rates while also assessing progression-free survival and treatment-related adverse events. The real-world comparison helps contextualize trial-based survival benefits and supports treatment selection considerations for advanced NSCLC.

Komuta K, Matsumoto K, Tamiya M et al. · JTO clinical and research reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Outcomes of patients with myelofibrosis treated with ruxolitinib and anemia-supporting medications.

This post hoc analysis of the phase 3b JUMP trial studied myelofibrosis patients with baseline anemia treated with ruxolitinib plus anemia-supporting medications (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents [ESAs] or danazol) and compared outcomes with an unmatched comparator group. Adding ESAs/danazol to ruxolitinib improved anemia management and was evaluated alongside spleen response (≥50% reduction) and symptom response (≥6.5-point FACT-Lym improvement). Clinically, the findings inform how ruxolitinib can be integrated with supportive anemia therapies to optimize outcomes in myelofibrosis patients with low hemoglobin.

Vachhani P, Repp J, Hamer-Maansson JE et al. · Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Recent advances in cell therapy for AML/MDS.

This review studied the current state and future directions of cell therapy—especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells—for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in comparison with better-established B-cell malignancies. It found that AML/MDS have lagged because an optimal CAR-T target that produces strong anti-leukemia effects while limiting on-target toxicity to normal myeloid cells has not been identified. Clinically, defining such a target is expected to unlock major therapeutic advances for CAR-T cell therapy in AML/MDS.

Yokoyama H · International journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer Mechanisms & Tumor Microenvironment

The changing therapeutic landscape of small-cell lung cancer.

This article reviewed the evolving preclinical and translational therapeutic landscape for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), focusing on why responses to initial chemotherapy are typically transient and how new biology is enabling novel treatments. It highlights that identifying SCLC-enriched or differentially expressed cell-surface proteins has led to targeted therapies with emerging evidence of meaningful efficacy. The significance is that SCLC treatment is shifting from largely cytotoxic approaches toward biomarker- and target-driven strategies informed by tumor heterogeneity and surface antigen biology.

Ross JS, Hockemeyer KG, Redin E et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Culture media alter retinal organoid physiology promoting AAV transduction and retinal ganglion cell survival.

This experimental study tested how culture media affect human iPSC-derived retinal organoid physiology, focusing on AAV transduction efficiency and retinal ganglion cell survival. It found that BrainPhys™ (BP) medium markedly enhances AAV-mediated gene delivery, with brief BP exposure during the transduction window improving uptake and continuous BP culture producing the strongest effects, supported by proteomics showing upregulation of viral entry/trafficking mediators including integrins forming αVβ5 and the trans-Golgi entry factor GPR108. The clinical significance is that optimizing culture conditions with BP could improve the effectiveness of AAV-based gene therapy for inherited retinal diseases in vitro.

O’Hara-Wright M, Lim BY, M Mangala M et al. · Gene therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Integrated analysis reveals the impact of obesity on triple-negative breast cancer.

This study integrated clinicopathological and multi-omics data (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling) to assess how obesity affects triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in a cohort of 465 patients. Overweight/obese patients showed worse survival and a more inflammatory tumor microenvironment, along with higher expression of immune-related markers (reported as elevated immuno-related gene expression in the abstract). The results are significant because they connect BMI-associated systemic factors to TNBC molecular programs, supporting obesity-informed risk stratification and potential therapeutic targeting of inflammation.

Ji P, Wu HL, He LH et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Low lymphoma macrophage infiltration predicts poor outcomes for R-CHOP- but not Pola-R-CHP-treated patients with DLBCL.

This study investigated whether low lymphoma macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment predicts outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with R-CHOP versus Pola-R-CHP. Low macrophage infiltration was associated with poorer outcomes for patients receiving R-CHOP but not for those receiving the antibody-drug conjugate–containing regimen Pola-R-CHP. These findings suggest that the immune microenvironment may differentially influence efficacy depending on whether an ADC-based therapy is used.

Morschhauser F, Lenz G, Herrera AF et al. · Blood neoplasia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

FMRP promotes gastric cancer progression via m6A-dependent stabilization of DVL2 and activation of the Wnt/PCP-JNK pathway.

This study examined how the RNA-binding protein FMRP promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-dependent stabilization of DVL2 and activating the Wnt/PCP–JNK pathway. Using tissue microarray immunohistochemistry and loss-of-function experiments in vitro and in vivo, the authors identified FMRP as a driver of DVL2 stability via m6A site-dependent mechanisms and downstream Wnt/PCP–JNK signaling. These findings link FMRP-mediated epitranscriptomic control to gastric cancer aggressiveness and suggest potential therapeutic targets within the FMRP–m6A–DVL2–Wnt/PCP–JNK axis.

Hou X, Gao J, Xing X et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Age as a core disease modifier: Distinct clinical, molecular and prognostic landscapes of essential thrombocythaemia in adolescents and young adults.

This multicentre retrospective study compared adolescents and young adults (AYA, 15–39 years) versus older adults (≥40 years) with essential thrombocythaemia (ET) across 29 Chinese centers, analyzing clinical features, genomic landscapes, and long-term progression risk to post-ET myelofibrosis. AYA patients showed distinct molecular enrichment for CALR mutations and different clinical risk profiles (including fewer cardiovascular risks and lower thrombosis rates but more extreme thrombocytosis) compared with older patients. The results support age as a core disease modifier in ET, with implications for risk stratification and prognostic modeling by age group.

Li J, Wen B, Yang X et al. · British journal of haematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The molecular basis of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II.

This Nature Reviews article studied the molecular mechanisms of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), focusing on how promoter architecture and chromatin context regulate gene activation. It found that high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy has reframed Pol II initiation as a dynamic assembly integrating TFIID, the Mediator co-activator, and the epigenetic state of the +1 nucleosome. Scientifically, this synthesis clarifies how structural and chromatin features coordinate transcription initiation, guiding future mechanistic and therapeutic research.

Chen X, Xu Y · Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The comparative cell physiology of stem cell-derived and primary human β cells.

This review compared the cell physiology of stem cell-derived pancreatic β cells (SCβ) and stem cell-derived islets with primary human β cells, focusing on how closely SCβ cells model mature human islet function. It finds that differences are often attributed to incomplete in vitro maturation, but even in vivo-matured cells can still diverge from mature primary islet cells. These insights are clinically significant for interpreting and optimizing type 1 diabetes mellitus trials and for improving human-centric disease modeling using SCβ cells.

Maghera J, Chu CMJ, Schaaf C et al. · Nature reviews. Endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Renal, Urologic & Gastrointestinal Disorders

MRD-guided induction-intensification with daratumumab-carfilzomib-based regimen followed by ASCT in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

This single-institution retrospective study in 60 transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma evaluated an MRD-guided induction-intensification strategy using daratumumab-carfilzomib-based therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Among 52 evaluable patients, 67.3% achieved MRD negativity before ASCT, and MRD-positive patients commonly received treatment intensification with daratumumab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone prior to ASCT. The significance is that MRD status measured by multiparameter flow cytometry can be used to tailor pre-ASCT intensification in the anti-CD38 era, potentially improving depth of response.

Yokoyama D, Minakata D, Fujiwara SI et al. · Leukemia & lymphoma · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Gastrointestinal perforation associated with bevacizumab and palliative radiotherapy.

This retrospective study evaluated the incidence and clinical context of gastrointestinal (GI) perforation in 109 colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab (Bev) and palliative radiotherapy (RT) involving the GI tract between 2013 and 2025. GI perforation risk was assessed based on whether Bev was given within 4 weeks before RT initiation or within 4 weeks after RT completion. The findings are clinically significant because they help quantify a potentially serious Bev–RT interaction that can guide safer sequencing and monitoring in palliative colorectal cancer care.

Makita K, Nakamura M, Hiroshima Y et al. · International journal of clinical oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Perioperative and survival outcomes of synchronous vs. metachronous upper tract urothelial carcinoma among bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy and nephroureterectomy: Results from an International Multicenter Collaborative Study-On behalf of the Young Academic Urology (YAU) Urothelial Working Group.

This international multicenter retrospective collaborative study compared perioperative and survival outcomes between synchronous versus metachronous upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) and radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Outcomes included length of stay and complications (Clavien-Dindo classification) as well as disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). The findings are significant because they inform risk stratification and surgical planning when UTUC timing differs relative to bladder cancer treatment.

Corvino R, Basile G, Santarelli V et al. · Urologic oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clinical practice guidelines for duodenal cancer 2025.

This guideline update studied diagnostic and endoscopic treatment recommendations for duodenal cancer in light of new evidence accumulated since the 2021 edition, including biopsy indications and treatment criteria for non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors. The key finding was the refinement of endoscopic therapy indications and more specific guidance for when to perform biopsies. Clinically, these updated recommendations aim to standardize care and improve detection and appropriate selection of patients for endoscopic management of duodenal tumors.

Yasuda S, Nakagawa K, Fujishiro M et al. · Journal of gastroenterology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Respiratory Support With Nasal High Flow Reduces Opioid Requirements During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

This open-label, single-center randomized controlled trial studied whether nasal high flow (NHF) reduces opioid requirements compared with low-flow oxygen (LFO) during ERCP under dexmedetomidine-based sedation. Patients receiving NHF required less opioid (pethidine) than those receiving LFO while undergoing the same sedation framework. The results support NHF as a respiratory-support strategy to reduce opioid exposure and potentially lower respiratory-depression and delayed-recovery risk during ERCP.

Mori T, Ayuse T, Sato S et al. · DEN open · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prehospital glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are not associated with reduced inpatient opioid exposure but with shorter hospital length of stay after total joint arthroplasty.

This retrospective propensity-matched cohort study evaluated whether prehospital use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (hip or knee; 882 chronic GLP-1RA users matched 1:1 to 882 non-users) affected perioperative pain and inpatient opioid exposure. Chronic GLP-1RA use was not associated with reduced inpatient opioid exposure but was associated with a shorter hospital length of stay after total joint arthroplasty. These findings suggest GLP-1RAs may influence postoperative recovery logistics rather than inpatient opioid requirements in real-world arthroplasty patients.

Vaknin N, Seidenberg C, Sitton E et al. · Frontiers in endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prostate surgery outcomes in patients presenting with and without a urethral catheter: a long-term comparative study.

This retrospective long-term comparative cohort study evaluated catheter-free spontaneous voiding after benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) surgery in men presenting with an indwelling urethral catheter (IUC) versus age-matched men undergoing surgery for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without a catheter. The key finding was that long-term outcomes were assessed by telephone follow-up (late 2021) after open or endoscopic BPE procedures, using the catheter-present group (n=143) compared with an age-matched reference group (n=143). Clinically, the results inform expectations for recovery of voiding function after BPE surgery in patients who arrive with a urethral catheter.

Segal N, Ehrlich Y, Lifshitz D et al. · World journal of urology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Safety and Efficacy of Vascular Embolization with N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate-Lipiodol Mixture: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of 8996 Patients.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of vascular embolization using an N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA)–Lipiodol mixture (NBCA-Lipiodol® Ultra Fluid) in patients undergoing embolization procedures. Across 8996 patients from studies published between 2004 and May 2024, it assessed technically successful embolization and related efficacy/safety outcomes for NBCA-Lipiodol Ultra Fluid. The findings help refine evidence-based procedural choices and risk–benefit expectations for NBCA-Lipiodol embolization in clinical practice.

Loffroy R, Fouad MM, Ben Nasr M et al. · Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neurodegeneration & Protein Aggregation

High-frequency high-intensity focused ultrasound (HF-HIFU) for ablation of benign, premalignant, and malignant cutaneous lesions: a systematic review.

This PRISMA 2020-guided systematic review (registered in PROSPERO) evaluated the clinical role of high-frequency high-intensity focused ultrasound (HF-HIFU) for ablation of benign, premalignant, and selected malignant cutaneous lesions. Across eligible studies, HF-HIFU was characterized as a non-invasive, depth-controlled thermal ablation technique, but the evidence base was fragmented across indications and study designs. The significance is that HF-HIFU appears promising for skin lesion management, while the review highlights the need for higher-quality, indication-specific trials to define efficacy and safety.

Aguglia R, Niederegger T, Satea M et al. · European journal of dermatology : EJD · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Proteoform-Resolved Cross-Linking Reveals Environment-Dependent Structural Effects of α-Synuclein S129 Phosphorylation.

This study used a quantitative cross-linking mass spectrometry framework to determine how wild-type α-synuclein (WT α-syn) and phosphorylated α-synuclein at S129 (pS129) change structure across different chemical environments. The key finding is that α-synuclein S129 phosphorylation produces environment-dependent structural effects rather than a single uniform stabilization pattern. This is scientifically significant because it refines mechanistic understanding of how disease-associated pS129 α-syn aggregates may adopt distinct conformations relevant to Parkinson’s disease.

Dollar AN, Kelley DW, Webb IK · Journal of the American Chemical Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites (MERCS/MAM): Multi-Layered Upstream Regulators of Microglial Senescence in Alzheimer’s Disease.

This review article examined how mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites (MERCS/MAM) and their upstream regulators influence microglial senescence in Alzheimer’s disease. It highlights that senescent microglia—characterized by p16INK4a upregulation, permanent cell-cycle arrest, and SASP-mediated chronic neuroinflammation—are coordinated by MERCS/MAM-linked processes such as calcium handling, mitochondrial dynamics, and lipid trafficking. The mechanistic synthesis is scientifically significant because it points to MERCS/MAM pathways as potential targets to modulate neuroinflammation and slow Aβ–tau progression.

Liu A, Xing L, Li J et al. · Ageing research reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neuroprotective effect of 3’,4’-dihydroxyflavonol on blood-brain barrier ıntegrity and matrix remodeling in rats with transient bilateral carotid occlusion-ınduced ıschemia-reperfusion.

This preclinical study examined whether 3’,4’-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) protects the blood-brain barrier and modulates matrix remodeling in male Wistar-Albino rats subjected to transient bilateral carotid occlusion-induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The key finding was that DiOHF treatment after I/R altered levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tight-junction proteins (occludin, claudin-5) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus compared with untreated I/R. Scientifically, these results suggest DiOHF may preserve BBB integrity and reduce I/R-associated extracellular matrix disruption, supporting further development of neuroprotective flavonol therapies.

Akinci DE, Aladag T, Baltaci SB et al. · Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Progress towards a biotypic biomarker profile for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal spectrum disorders.

This article reviewed progress toward a biotypic biomarker profile for the ALS–frontotemporal spectrum by emphasizing that biomarker-defined disease activity may precede clinical phenoconversion by years to decades. It discusses how an ALS/FTD spectrum framework and biomarker arrays could map when underlying pathology becomes active and help time disease-modifying therapies. The significance is that improved biomarker staging could enable earlier, more precise intervention in neurodegenerative disease beyond traditional clinical syndromes.

Strong MJ, Donison N, Al-Chalabi A et al. · Brain : a journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and GFAP in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis on a Commercial ECLIA Platform.

This retrospective clinical study assessed whether serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) and astrocytic markers (GFAP, and S-100B) measured on a Roche Elecsys electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) platform predict disease progression in 58 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ECLIA-based NfL correlated with ALS functional decline (ALSFRS-R) under real-world sampling conditions, and the added prognostic value of GFAP or S-100B was evaluated. The work supports cross-platform biomarker utility for ALS prognosis and clarifies whether GFAP/S-100B provide incremental disease-specific information beyond NfL.

Streicher NS · Muscle & nerve · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Spatial isoform sequencing at single-cell resolution reveals cell-type-specific spatial isoform variability in multiple brain cell types.

This study developed and applied spatial isoform sequencing at single-cell resolution to determine whether spatially variable isoforms reflect within-cell-type variability or region-specific cell-type composition in the adult mouse brain. Using Spl-ISO-Seq2 (500-nm resolution) with Spl-IsoQuant-2 and Spl-IsoFind, it sequenced >450 million barcodes and found spatial isoform patterns independent of predefined regions, including overlapping hits such as Rps24 in oligodendrocytes. Scientifically, it enables mapping of cell-type-specific spatial isoform variability, improving interpretation of spatial transcriptomics beyond gene-level expression.

Michielsen L, Prjibelski AD, Foord C et al. · Nature methods · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Large-scale single-molecule analysis of tau proteoforms.

This study developed and applied Iterative Mapping of proteoforms, a massively parallel single-molecule technique using fluorescently labeled, site-specific antibodies, to analyze tau proteoforms in vitro. Using 12 antibodies, the tau assay detected tau proteoforms at 0.1% abundance with high reproducibility across measurements. The ability to quantify rare tau proteoforms at single-molecule scale could improve mechanistic understanding and biomarker development for neurodegenerative diseases where tau heterogeneity drives pathology.

Joly J, Budamagunta V, Zhang Z et al. · Nature methods · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Infectious Disease, Pharmacovigilance & Drug Interactions

QT Prolongation, Ventricular Arrhythmia, and Cardiac Arrest Signals During Ceftriaxone Co-therapy with Individual Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Multidatabase Study.

This two-stage real-world multidatabase pharmacovigilance study analyzed signals for QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmia, and cardiac arrest (QVC events) during ceftriaxone co-therapy with individual proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) using the US FDA FAERS and Canada CVAR databases. Using disproportionality metrics (reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio) and drug–drug interaction algorithms, the study identified combination signals that exceeded component signals for specific ceftriaxone–PPI pairings. The clinical significance is improved risk awareness for particular ceftriaxone–PPI combinations and better signal detection to guide safer co-prescribing and monitoring.

Chen Y, Gu Q, Zhao M et al. · Cardiovascular toxicology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Loss of blood pressure control after rifampin initiation: a clinically significant antihypertensive drug-drug interaction.

This BMJ Case Reports article described a clinical drug–drug interaction in a man in his early 60s with previously controlled hypertension who developed loss of blood pressure control after starting isoniazid–rifampin therapy for latent tuberculosis. The key finding was that rifampin-induced cytochrome P450 enzyme induction reduced plasma concentrations of calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine, leading to clinically significant antihypertensive failure. This is significant because it highlights a practical, actionable interaction that clinicians should anticipate when rifampin is initiated in patients on CYP3A4-metabolized antihypertensives.

Park J · BMJ case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Appropriate Therapy and Survival in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bacteremia: A Multicenter Cohort Study on Epidemiology and Risk Factors.

This multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) bloodstream infection epidemiology and outcomes in patients hospitalized across 13 teaching hospitals in Korea. Appropriate combination therapy (using regimens given before novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors were adopted) was assessed for its impact on 30-day mortality and risk factors for death among monomicrobial CRE bacteremia cases. The findings are clinically significant because they inform treatment selection and stewardship strategies to improve survival in CRE bacteremia where therapeutic options remain limited.

Baek YJ, Park SY, Kim JH et al. · International journal of antimicrobial agents · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Type IV-C CRISPR-Cas effector complexes recognize double-stranded DNA and switch on collateral cleavage of ssDNA and RNA.

This study investigated Type IV-C CRISPR-Cas effector complexes in archaea, focusing on systems from Thermococcus onnurineus (Ton) and Pyrococcus abyssi (Pab), and how they recognize DNA and trigger collateral cleavage. The key finding was that Type IV-C1 complexes assemble with crRNAs, recognize a 5’-GGG-3’ PAM to bind double-stranded DNA, and activate the Cas10IVc HD domain to drive metal-dependent collateral cleavage of single-strand DNA and RNA. These mechanistic insights expand the Type IV-C catalog and inform how collateral cleavage could be harnessed or controlled in CRISPR-based technologies.

Pittman CC, Xu C, Catchpole RJ et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Structure prediction and drug screening targeting monkeypox virus polymerase and surface proteins.

This study investigated AI-driven structure prediction and virtual screening to identify preliminary antiviral hit compounds targeting monkeypox virus (MPXV) polymerase and surface proteins. Using AlphaFold2 to predict high-accuracy structures for seven essential MPXV proteins and large-scale docking against 6405 ZINC15 “world-approved” drugs, it generated a docking dataset of 44,835 drug–protein pairs and highlighted numerous high-scoring compounds for further validation. The significance is that it provides a computationally guided, experimentally testable pipeline for accelerating MPXV therapeutic discovery.

Tao T, Jia L, Cheng Y et al. · Journal of computer-aided molecular design · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neuroimmunology, Neuro-Immune Axes & Inflammation

Fatty Acid Metabolic Reprogramming in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Integrating Inflammation, Resolution Failure, and Joint Destruction.

This review article examined how fatty acid metabolic reprogramming intersects with inflammation persistence, failed resolution, and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It integrates evidence that altered lipid metabolism and mitochondrial/energy-related pathways can drive immune-cell dysfunction and contribute to synovitis and structural damage beyond classical cytokine and autoantibody mechanisms. The significance is that targeting metabolic pathways in addition to immune signaling may offer new therapeutic angles to restore resolution and prevent progressive joint destruction in RA.

Li T, Li G, Yang Y et al. · Journal of inflammation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeting the neuro-immune-skin axis: Advanced functional biomaterials for intelligent wound management and regeneration.

This review integrates the neuro-immune-skin axis concept to describe how bidirectional communication between peripheral neurons and cutaneous immune cells—mediated by neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and cytokines—can be leveraged for intelligent wound management. It summarizes key molecular/cellular events and advances in advanced functional biomaterials designed to dynamically respond to wound microenvironment changes. The clinical significance is that such neuro-immune-informed biomaterial strategies may improve outcomes in chronic wounds and inflammatory skin diseases where conventional dressings fail.

Li X, Ding Z, Huang Z et al. · Materials today. Bio · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Helicobacter pylori triggers gastric mucosal remodeling toward a fetal-like transcriptional program via stromal IL-1β signaling.

This study investigated how Helicobacter pylori infection remodels gastric mucosa toward a fetal-like transcriptional program, focusing on YAP activity and stromal interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling in gastric tissue. The authors found that H. pylori–induced gland hyperplasia is accompanied by a YAP-dependent fetal-like transcriptional response with loss of epithelial BMP signaling, and that epithelial BMP inhibition alone can trigger the program via an epithelial–immune–stromal cascade. These results are significant because they identify a mechanistic pathway (YAP/BMP axis with IL-1β stromal signaling) that may be targeted to prevent or treat H. pylori–associated gastric pathology.

Beccaceci G, Müllerke S, Berger H et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effect of JAK inhibitors on extraintestinal manifestations and concurrent immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

This multicenter retrospective real-world study evaluated the effects of JAK inhibitors—specifically tofacitinib, upadacitinib, or filgotinib—on extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) and concurrent immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) in adults with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. The key finding was the observed effectiveness of JAK inhibitors for EIM/IMID outcomes alongside assessment of IBD activity at fixed timepoints. Clinically, these data support selecting JAK inhibitors for IBD patients who also have EIM/IMIDs, potentially improving overall morbidity beyond gut inflammation.

Truyens M, Tolstoy X, Calabrese G et al. · Journal of Crohn’s & colitis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Central nervous system and cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities CNS and cancer: a review.

This review studied mechanistic links between the central nervous system (CNS) and cancer, focusing on how neural inputs can promote tumor growth and intersect with drug-resistance pathways, including in primary brain tumors such as gliomas. The key finding was that gliomas can form functional synapses with neurons by hijacking excitatory (AMPA/NMDA) and inhibitory (GABA_A) signaling, creating therapeutic opportunities that may also affect resistance to standard treatments. Scientifically, reframing cancer as a CNS-influenced systemic disease may enable precision oncology strategies targeting neural–tumor communication.

Petrelli F, Callea A, Ghidini A et al. · Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Inflammation as a therapeutic target to improve kidney and cardiovascular outcomes.

This review examined how systemic inflammation—highlighted by the biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)—links chronic kidney disease (CKD) to cardiovascular outcomes and progression. It concludes that CKD involves a pro-inflammatory state from both upregulated inflammatory pathways and impaired anti-inflammatory mechanisms, contributing to kidney injury, atherosclerosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Targeting inflammation is therefore proposed as a therapeutic strategy to improve both kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD.

Tuttle KR, Kanbay M, Alicic RZ et al. · Nature reviews. Nephrology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Aging Biology & Geroscience

Insights Into the Mechanisms of Biological Aging That Guide Translational and Clinical Research.

This editorial discusses how molecular “hallmarks of aging,” including genomic instability, inform translational and clinical research across age-associated diseases and rare premature aging syndromes such as Werner syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). It highlights mechanistic insights that guide therapeutic development and research prioritization. The significance lies in providing a conceptual framework linking aging biology to intervention strategies for both common and rare disorders.

Fang EF, Nilsen H, Scheibye-Knudsen M et al. · Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Biological effects of technique-specific manual therapy in healthy individuals and people with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated randomized and controlled clinical trials to compare technique-specific biological effects of manual therapy (MT) in healthy individuals and people with musculoskeletal disorders, focusing on neurophysiological and metabolic outcomes. The analysis specifically assessed differences by MT technique characteristics (high-velocity low-amplitude [HVLA] versus non-HVLA) and anatomical region. The findings are significant because they clarify whether distinct MT techniques produce different biological effects, which can improve evidence-based selection of MT modalities for musculoskeletal conditions.

Villani G, Rahmaniharedasht R, Cinti F et al. · The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Long-Term Vegetarian and Vegan Diets in Older Adults Are Associated With Inadequate Intakes of Protein and Micronutrients.

This cross-sectional study assessed long-term vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns in Dutch older adults (20 vegetarians and 6 vegans aged ~76 years) using 3-day food records. It found that decades-long adherence was associated with inadequate intakes of protein and multiple micronutrients compared with a Dutch reference group, with protein quality evaluated using Meal Protein Quality Score (MPQS) and Protein Adequacy and Quality Score (PAQS). The findings are clinically significant because they highlight nutritional gaps in older adults on long-term plant-based diets and support targeted dietary counseling or supplementation.

Wildemast S, Verlaan S, Grootswagers P · The Journal of nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Combined effects of strength training, whey protein, and HMB on sarcopenia in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated randomized controlled trials in older adults with sarcopenia testing strength training combined with whey protein and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) versus other comparators. Overall, the combined intervention improved body composition, physical performance, and selected biomarkers more than less comprehensive approaches, though study heterogeneity was a key limitation. The results support using multimodal therapy (resistance exercise plus WP/HMB) to target sarcopenia-related functional decline in older populations.

Hernandez-Martinez J, Cid-Calfucura I, Vásquez-Carrasco E et al. · Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Midlife Growth Hormone Receptor Ablation Extends Healthy Lifespan and Induces Sex-Specific Hepatic Transcriptional Changes at Single-Cell Resolution.

Using a tamoxifen-inducible mouse model, this study ablated the growth hormone receptor gene (Ghr) at 12 months of age (12mGHRKO) to test whether midlife GH signaling disruption extends healthy lifespan and to map hepatic transcriptional changes at single-cell resolution in both sexes. Midlife Ghr disruption produced endocrine GH-resistance features (reduced circulating IGF-1 and elevated GH) and significantly extended lifespan in both males and females, with sex-specific hepatic transcriptional alterations detected by single-cell approaches. These results indicate that targeting the GH/IGF-1 axis later in life can promote healthier aging and reveal cell-level mechanisms relevant to anti-aging interventions.

Duran-Ortiz S, List EO, Young JA et al. · Aging cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Biomarkers, Risk Prediction & Omics Panels

Connectomic mapping of pharyngeal and gut sensory circuits in adult Drosophila.

Using the Full Adult Fly Brain (FAFB) connectome, this study mapped pharyngeal and gut sensory axons in adult Drosophila and classified them into distinct subtypes. Downstream circuit mapping identified the major brain regions targeted by these internal sensory neurons. The scientific significance is that it provides a connectomic basis for how internal feeding-related sensory information is integrated with external taste pathways to regulate behavior.

Giakoumas DS, Zhu JM, Jamal A et al. · iScience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Association between plasma homocysteine levels and P-wave dispersion in pediatric patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.

This multicenter retrospective case-control study examined pediatric patients with hyperhomocysteinemia to determine whether plasma homocysteine levels are associated with electrocardiographic markers of atrial conduction, particularly P-wave dispersion. The key finding was the reported relationship between elevated homocysteine and altered P-wave dispersion in children with hyperhomocysteinemia. This is clinically significant because it suggests a potential biomarker link between metabolic risk (homocysteine) and early electrophysiologic atrial abnormalities in pediatric populations.

Kulu B, Taşçı O, Olgun H et al. · European journal of pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Protein Biomarkers in Risk and Prognosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

This study profiled 363 plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins using Olink assays in 198 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 125 matched controls, assessing associations with disease status, survival, functional decline, and longitudinal stability, with external validation in UK Biobank. Multiple protein biomarkers were significantly associated with at least one ALS outcome and were used in network/enrichment analyses to characterize risk and prognosis, with UK Biobank used to validate ALS risk-associated signals. The work supports protein biomarker panels as tools for ALS risk stratification and prognosis across disease stages.

Pan L, Hou C, Seitz C et al. · European journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multi-Omics Genome-Wide to Explore the Formation and Development Targets for Intracranial Aneurysms.

This study used multi-omics genome-wide analyses integrating data from the ISGC Biobank and UK Biobank to identify candidate drug targets and biological pathways involved in the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). The authors reported gene-targeting candidates and functional mechanisms (and potential unintended consequences) derived from genome-wide multi-omics prioritization, aiming to inform prevention and treatment target selection for IA progression. The work is significant for translating large biobank datasets into actionable molecular targets for IA risk reduction and rupture prevention.

Wan X, Wan Z, Peng H et al. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Prognostic Value of Admission D-dimer Levels and Total Bleeding Volume in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Machine Learning-Based Modeling.

This retrospective cohort study with interpretable machine learning evaluated whether admission plasma D-dimer levels and total bleeding volume (TBV) predict functional outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and explored their combined prognostic value. Using 473 patients from the PROSAH-MPC cohort and stratifying by D-dimer quartiles, it found that admission D-dimer elevation is associated with worse outcomes and that combining D-dimer with TBV improves prediction. Clinically, this supports risk stratification early after aSAH and may help identify patients needing intensified management.

Wu Y, Hu P, Yang X et al. · Neurocritical care · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Benchmarking biomedical foundation models.

This article studied how to benchmark biomedical foundation models with transparent evaluation focused on reproducibility, generalization, and replicability. It found that while rigor is manageable for tasks like patient-outcome or assay prediction, benchmarking foundation models is harder because their parameters are intended to capture underlying data patterns, complicating attribution of performance and reproducibility. The significance is methodological: it provides a framework for more reliable, interpretable benchmarking of foundation models in computational biology.

Saez-Rodriguez J, Schäfer PSL, Kalavros N et al. · Nature methods · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

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Sleep, VNS & Sleep Disorders

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Sleep Disorders: Emerging Evidence and Future Directions.

This review summarizes emerging evidence and future directions for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in sleep disorders, covering invasive VNS and non-invasive transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS). It synthesizes clinical findings across insomnia, central hypersomnia, restless legs syndrome, and sleep-related breathing disorders and discusses proposed mechanisms. The significance is that it frames VNS as a potentially effective non-pharmacologic neuromodulation approach where drug therapies have limitations.

Wang X, Sun Q, Zhang Y et al. · Nature and science of sleep · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Endocrinology, Menopause & Hormone-Related Disease

Non-hormonal strategies for menopausal health: the role of phytoestrogens.

This critical review evaluates non-hormonal menopausal strategies focusing on phytoestrogens, plant-derived compounds with estrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. It summarizes evidence for effects on bone mineral density, cardiovascular function, neuroprotection, and metabolic regulation while emphasizing bioavailability challenges and safety considerations. The clinical significance is that it clarifies why inconsistent outcomes across studies may require standardized formulations and better trial design before broad clinical adoption.

Harahap IA, Weber D, Grune T · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Approach to the Patient: Diagnosis and Management of Cushing’s Syndrome in the Elderly - How Different Is It?

This article reviews and contrasts the diagnosis and management of Cushing’s syndrome in elderly patients versus younger adults. It emphasizes that while diagnostic tests are similar, older adults often have different clinical presentation and thresholds—such as diabetes/hypertension, falls, bone loss, proximal weakness, venous thromboembolism, cognitive decline, or adrenal incidentaloma—affecting interpretation and treatment endpoints. The significance is improved clinical decision-making to avoid both missed hypercortisolism and overdiagnosis of mild biochemical abnormalities in older populations.

Liu Y, Yi L, Tan H · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Primary Care Recognition of Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome Despite Absence of Classical Diabetic Symptoms.

This case report studied recognition of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS) in a 10-year-old Saudi girl presenting to family medicine with intermittent bilateral leg pain and excessive hunger but without classical diabetic symptoms such as polyuria. The key finding was that RMS—an autosomal recessive insulin receptor (INSR) disorder—was identifiable despite the absence of typical metabolic complaints, highlighting diagnostic delay risk in primary care. Early recognition of INSR-related RMS can enable timely management of severe insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia before complications progress.

Al Eisa A, Aldayhani AH · The American journal of case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Case report: Tirzepatide-responsive refractory diabetes mellitus in an adult female with prader-willi syndrome.

This case report studied tirzepatide treatment in an adult woman with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient showed tirzepatide-responsive improvement of refractory diabetes in the context of PWS-associated morbid obesity. These findings suggest tirzepatide may be a clinically useful option for difficult-to-control diabetes in adults with PWS, warranting further prospective study.

Li S, Yu J, Wei J et al. · Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Neuromodulation & Brain Circuit Interventions

Ternary Neurexin-T178-PTPR complexes represent a pre-synaptic core-module of neuronal synapse organization.

This work studied the molecular organization of neuronal synapses in mouse brain by mapping synaptic protein networks using multi-epitope affinity purification, quantitative mass spectrometry, and immuno-electron microscopy. The authors identified a presynaptic core-module composed of ternary Neurexin (Neurexins1–3)–T178A/B tetraspanin–LAR-type receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPR) complexes that assemble into a coordinated synaptic unit. The findings are scientifically significant because they define a specific presynaptic protein complex architecture that can inform models of synapse organization and cell-adhesion-driven neuronal connectivity.

Thivaios S, Schwenk J, Brechet A et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 3 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ERK-dependent hyperexcitability of BLA neurons projecting to dCA3 underlies social dysfunction in a male mouse model of fragile X syndrome.

This mouse study investigated the neural circuit and signaling mechanism underlying social dysfunction in fragile X syndrome using male Fmr1 knockout mice. It tested the BLA→dCA3 projection and ERK signaling using activity-dependent c-Fos mapping, fiber photometry, closed-loop optogenetics, pharmacological inhibition, and shRNA-mediated knockdown, concluding that ERK-dependent hyperexcitability of BLA neurons projecting to dCA3 drives social deficits. The scientific significance is that it links a specific projection-level circuit mechanism to ERK signaling, suggesting potential circuit- and pathway-targeted interventions for FXS/ASD-related social impairment.

Wang S, Wu X, Dong S et al. · EBioMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Psilocybin-induced changes in electroencephalography link acute and long-term effects.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 20 healthy participants (10 females), this study used high-density resting-state electroencephalography to characterize time-course changes after a medium dose of psilocybin (~0.26 mg/kg) from administration through 24 hours and assessed outcomes up to 28 days. Psilocybin acutely decreased alpha/beta power and increased gamma-band signal diversity during the early post-dose window, linking acute electrophysiological effects to longer-term changes. The results support EEG markers as mechanistic bridges between psilocybin’s immediate neurophysiological effects and its sub-acute/longer-term outcomes relevant to therapeutic research.

Nikolič M, Froese T, Mediano PAM et al. · Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neuromodulation for restoring and amplifying brain function.

This theoretical review formalized neuromodulation strategies for restoring and amplifying brain function as two frameworks: restorative normalization (RN) and compensatory amplification (CA). It argues that CA can be effective when specific neurophysiological conditions are met—multiple realizability, multiscale neuroplasticity, precision readiness, and activity selectivity—and analyzes how RN and CA map onto clinical goals such as stroke rehabilitation. The framework is significant because it provides design principles for selecting neuromodulation targets and protocols to improve functional recovery.

Grover S, Wen W, Reinhart RMG · Nature neuroscience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Metabolism, Mitochondria & Cell Death Pathways

Metal-sulfur metabolic derangement and regulated cell death in age-related cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms, biomarkers, and emerging interventions.

This review article investigated age-related cardiovascular disease mechanisms linking metal homeostasis (iron and copper), redox buffering, and regulated cell death pathways such as ferroptosis and emerging cuproptosis. It summarizes evidence that iron/copper dysregulation and thiol/disulfide and cystine–glutathione redox metabolism create metabolic vulnerability that drives regulated cell death in conditions including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and cardiac fibrosis. The clinical significance lies in identifying biomarkers and emerging interventions that could be used to stratify risk and develop metal/redox-targeted therapies.

Li J, Sun Z, Liu M et al. · Ageing research reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeting 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase selectively eliminates colorectal cancer stem cells.

This study investigated metabolic dependencies of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) and identified 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), encoded by MPST, as a key survival factor. It showed that CSCs derived from HCT116 had increased 3-MST expression, higher hydrogen sulfide and reactive sulfur species production, and altered membrane rigidity, and that targeting 3-MST selectively eliminated colorectal CSCs. The scientific significance is that MPST/3-MST represents a tractable metabolic vulnerability for overcoming CSC-associated therapy resistance and recurrence.

Ascenção K, Oravecz O, Szabo C · Redox biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondrial immunometabolism in sepsis: bridging immune cell dysfunction and organ failure.

This mini-review synthesized evidence on mitochondrial immunometabolism in sepsis, focusing on how mitochondrial dysfunction bridges immune cell dysregulation and organ failure. It highlights that shifts in mitochondrial bioenergetics—such as glycolytic dominance and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupling—track with immune dysfunction across sepsis progression. The review frames mitochondrial pathways as potential mechanistic targets for therapies aimed at restoring immune competence and preventing organ failure in sepsis.

Zhang X, Zhao L, Fu W et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

P7C3 Compounds as Targeted Mitochondrial Therapeutics for Brain Disorders.

This systematic literature review synthesized evidence on P7C3 compounds—aminopropyl carbazole derivatives discovered via phenotypic proneurogenic screening—that directly activate nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in the NAD+ salvage pathway. The review summarized their structure–activity relationships, proposed mechanisms, and preclinical efficacy across brain disorders, consolidating the discovery trajectory and therapeutic potential of the P7C3 class. By clarifying how NAMPT activation by P7C3 compounds may drive neuroprotection, the paper helps guide targeted mitochondrial/NAD+-pathway therapeutic development for neurological diseases.

Chen Y, Du X, Li F et al. · CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 (SFRP2) Induces Follistatin-Like 1 (FSTL1) to Regulate Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-Induced Dermal Papilla Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Senescence.

This mechanistic study investigated how secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) regulates follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) to control dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence in dermal papilla cells (DPCs), relevant to androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The authors showed that the SFRP2–FSTL1 axis modulates DHT-driven oxidative stress-related mitochondrial impairment and senescence phenotypes in DPCs. These findings identify a potential molecular pathway (SFRP2→FSTL1) that could be targeted to prevent or reverse androgen-driven hair follicle aging in AGA.

Huang Y, Bian Q, Shen Y et al. · Aging cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Therapeutic Potential of Gene Modified MSC-Exos in Insulin Resistance: Mitochondrial Crosstalk and miRNA Regulation.

This review synthesized evidence on gene-modified mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) for insulin resistance, focusing on mitochondrial crosstalk and microRNA (miRNA) regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 axis. Genetic engineering strategies such as enhancing miR-21, miR-3075, or Sirtuin-3 expression and silencing miR-29b-3p were reported to amplify therapeutic efficacy by improving mitochondrial function and insulin signaling. These mechanistic insights support MSC-Exos engineering as a scalable, cell-free platform with potential disease-modifying effects for type 2 diabetes and related cardiometabolic disorders.

Jia Q, Li B, Xing Y et al. · Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

FIN56-induced ferroptosis suppresses the development of endometriosis by augmenting mitochondrial ROS and lipid peroxidation via the ACACA/ARID5A/NOX4 axis.

This study investigated whether the ferroptosis inducer FIN56 suppresses endometriosis by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation through the ACACA/ARID5A/NOX4 axis, with emphasis on the role of ACC1 (encoded by ACACA). FIN56 promoted ferroptosis in the context of endometriosis models and mechanistically acted via the ACACA/ARID5A/NOX4 signaling pathway to drive mitochondrial ROS generation and lipid peroxidation. These results support ferroptosis induction—targeting the ACACA/ARID5A/NOX4 axis—as a potential therapeutic strategy for endometriosis.

Zeng C, Zhu J, Lu R et al. · Chinese medical journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

UBE2N deficiency contributes to MASH development via p62-regulated mitophagy and PANoptosis.

This mechanistic study investigated how UBE2N deficiency contributes to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by regulating p62-controlled mitophagy and PANoptosis in human and mouse hepatocytes. It found that UBE2N is downregulated by THAP11 in MASH, and that hepatocyte-specific Ube2n deficiency worsens western diet-induced MASH and fibrosis via PANoptosis and impaired mitophagy, while UBE2N overexpression reverses these phenotypes. The significance is that the UBE2N–p62/PARKIN axis (including PARKIN-mediated K63-p62 at lysine 420) identifies a potential therapeutic target to prevent or treat MASH progression.

Wang F, Lee J, Park JS et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Gut microbiota-derived imidazole propionate promotes primary sclerosing cholangitis via p38 signalling.

This study examined whether the gut microbiota-derived metabolite imidazole propionate (ImP) drives primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) through p38 signaling. It found that individuals with PSC have higher circulating ImP levels than related conditions, high ImP predicts reduced survival, and ImP exposure activates mTORC1 signaling in cholangiocytes (with downstream inflammatory pathway engagement including p38). Clinically, identifying ImP as a disease driver links gut-liver metabolism to PSC pathogenesis and suggests metabolite- or pathway-targeted interventions.

Molinaro A, Braadland PR, Carpino G et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

KDM6A loss enhances oxidative phosphorylation uncovering tissue-level convergent evolution.

This study investigated how loss of the tumor suppressor epigenetic regulator KDM6A/UTX affects metabolism in cancer, using mechanistic analyses across solid tumors and multiple myeloma. KDM6A loss activated oxidative phosphorylation by sustaining CCDC3 expression, which inhibits CREB1-driven transcription of the mitochondrial regulator PPARGC1A (with an alternative mechanism in multiple myeloma), creating a pseudo-hyperoxic state. These results link KDM6A loss to tumor metabolic reprogramming and suggest potential metabolic vulnerabilities for cancers with KDM6A deletion.

Cartalemi AA, Rosano D, Ferrari C et al. · The EMBO journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Immunology, Allergy & Inflammatory Skin Disease

Routine blood biomarkers associated with clinical response to tralokinumab in patients with atopic dermatitis: a 48-week real-world study in Japan.

This prospective two-center real-world study evaluated routine blood biomarkers associated with clinical response to tralokinumab over 48 weeks in 203 Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. The key finding was the identification of blood markers (including serum IgE, TARC, LDH, and total eosinophil-related measures) that tracked with treatment response as assessed by EASI and PP-NRS at multiple timepoints. Scientifically and clinically, these biomarker-response links could help predict and monitor tralokinumab effectiveness in routine practice.

Shiba M, Hagino T, Uchiyama A et al. · European journal of dermatology : EJD · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20 in generalized myasthenia gravis: final results from a phase 3 open-label extension study (ADAPT-SC+).

This phase 3 single-arm open-label extension study (ADAPT-SC+) assessed long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of subcutaneous efgartigimod PH20 1000 mg in adult participants with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG). Efgartigimod PH20 SC maintained an acceptable long-term safety/tolerability profile while sustaining clinical efficacy across individualized treatment cycles. These data strengthen the evidence base for chronic subcutaneous FcRn blockade as a durable treatment strategy for gMG.

Meisel A, Antozzi C, Bhavaraju-Sanka R et al. · Frontiers in neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy and safety of Artemisia annua pollen sublingual immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with or without comorbid asthma: A real-world study.

In a real-world, open-label observational cohort study (Nov 2024–May 2025), 354 analyzed patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis due to Artemisia annua pollen (228 without asthma and 126 with comorbid asthma) received Artemisia annua pollen sublingual immunotherapy combined with symptomatic medication. The study evaluated clinical efficacy and safety outcomes and reported treatment benefits with an acceptable safety profile in both groups, including those with asthma comorbidity. These findings support the effectiveness and tolerability of A. annua pollen sublingual immunotherapy in routine clinical practice for seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with or without asthma.

Hao W, Liu X, Gao N et al. · The Journal of international medical research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Beyond immunoglobulin E (IgE): Novel roles of mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) as nonhistaminergic pruriceptors in chronic spontaneous urticaria.

This study measured serum levels of the nonhistaminergic pruriceptor markers MRGPRX2 and PAR2 in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) stratified by UAS7 severity and compared them with normal healthy controls. Serum MRGPRX2 and PAR2 differed between CSU patients and controls and were associated with disease severity, supporting their use as CSU biomarkers. These findings extend pruritus biology beyond IgE by implicating MRGPRX2 and PAR2 in CSU pathogenesis and potentially enabling nonhistaminergic biomarker-driven risk stratification.

Wu K, Li Y, Zhang Z et al. · Allergy and asthma proceedings · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Evaluating the effect of age and comorbidity on dupilumab-dependent immunoglobulin E reduction in children with food allergy.

This retrospective analysis evaluated whether food-specific IgE (sIgE) decreases over time in 44 children with food allergy treated with dupilumab and whether changes vary by allergen type, race, sex, indication, or age at therapy initiation. Children on dupilumab showed profound reductions in food-specific IgE over time, with the magnitude of decline influenced by patient and treatment characteristics. The results suggest dupilumab can modulate IgE biology in pediatric food allergy and that baseline demographics/indication may help predict immunologic response.

Afzal SY, MacDougall MS, Lu D et al. · Allergy and asthma proceedings · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Updates on the Evaluation of Lupus Arthritis.

This narrative review synthesized current approaches to evaluating lupus arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), integrating clinical phenotypes, serologic biomarkers, imaging advances, and emerging therapies. It highlights that commonly used outcome measures lack the granularity to distinguish lupus arthritis phenotypes (e.g., inflammatory arthralgia/synovitis versus Jaccoud arthropathy and erosive arthritis) and to quantify severity accurately. The review provides a framework to improve assessment and guide more phenotype-specific clinical trials and treatment evaluation.

Tang W, Nordmann-Gomes A, Khalili L et al. · Rheumatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Marstacimab, an Anti-tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Monoclonal Antibody, in Adolescent and Adult Participants with Hemophilia.

This pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study characterized subcutaneous marstacimab (an anti-tissue factor pathway inhibitor monoclonal antibody targeting TFPI) in adolescent and adult participants with hemophilia and in healthy volunteers using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM 7.5.0). The key finding was that population modeling of marstacimab and total TFPI concentrations across 213 participants identified covariates that significantly influenced marstacimab exposure. Scientifically and clinically, the model supports dose optimization and improved prediction of TFPI pathway engagement for prophylaxis in hemophilia with or without inhibitors.

Nayak S, Suzuki A, Ravva P et al. · Clinical pharmacokinetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Reproductive Health & Adolescent Health

Characteristics of menstrual irregularities across eating disorder subtypes in postmenarcheal adolescents.

This retrospective clinic-based study characterized menstrual irregularities across eating disorder (ED) subtypes in postmenarcheal adolescents and examined how irregularities varied by subtype, clinical course, and determinants. Among 491 adolescents (anorexia nervosa, atypical AN, bulimia nervosa, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, and other ED categories), menstrual patterns were compared using demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and menstrual data extracted from medical records at admission and follow-up. Defining subtype-specific menstrual irregularity profiles is clinically significant for monitoring reproductive health and guiding management in adolescent ED care.

Aygün Arı D, Pehlivantürk Kızılkan M, Jaferi̇ L et al. · European journal of pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Generated automatically on September 07, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.