PubMed Trending Research Digest — September 09, 2026

Automated digest · 98 articles · 15 research areas · September 09, 2026

Overview

This week’s digest is dominated by a strong cross-cutting theme: immune regulation as both a driver of disease and a lever for therapy. Multiple oncology studies dissect how tumors evade immunity through cytokine–metabolic coupling (e.g., KRAS-mutant PDAC), lactate-driven epigenetic reprogramming in colorectal cancer, and neutrophil ferroptosis resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Complementing these mechanistic insights, several papers focus on immunotherapy biomarkers and targets—such as anti-CMV IgG titers predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity risk, FOXR1 as an intrinsic brake on CD8+ T-cell function, and dendritic cell–centric nanotherapeutic strategies that spatially coordinate antigen presentation with STING activation.

A second major theme is the move toward precision and standardization—both in diagnostics and in clinical decision-making. In oncology, studies advance molecular imaging (immunoPET for Nectin-4), computational detection of extrachromosomal DNA amplification, and circulating tumor DNA MRD stratification after curative EGFR-mutant NSCLC resection. In cardiology and procedural care, consensus and guideline-type work emphasizes harmonized imaging workflows for left atrial appendage closure and updated frameworks for infective endocarditis diagnosis and management. Across other fields, risk stratification is repeatedly emphasized: hematuria trajectory in IgA nephropathy, proteomic “aging clocks” for geroprotective effects, and metabolic/obesity indices for mortality prediction in hypertensive populations.

Finally, several studies highlight mechanistic links between metabolism, inflammation, and tissue remodeling across organ systems. Lactate and oxidative stress pathways recur—from histone lactylation in CNS autoimmunity-like disease and cardiac injury, to oxidative stress–epigenetic control of osteoclast activation in joint degeneration. Parallel translational efforts appear in regenerative medicine (reprogramming myofibroblasts after MI, overcoming fibroblast heterogeneity) and in infectious disease/antimicrobial optimization (vancomycin dosing under renal replacement therapy, and updated risk-factor syntheses for influenza). Together, the set reflects a field-wide convergence on systems-level biology—mapping how cellular states are shaped by microenvironmental signals—and using that map to improve prediction, targeting, and outcomes.

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Oncology: tumor microenvironment & epigenetics

CAFs-mediated histone lactylation reprograms cholesterol metabolism in colorectal cancer to drive CD8+ T cell immunosuppression.

This study examined how cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment reprogram tumor metabolism via lactate-driven epigenetic changes in CRC cells and how this affects CD8+ T cell immunosuppression. CAF-secreted lactate induced histone H3K9 lactylation (H3K9La) and H3K18 lactylation (H3K18La), upregulating cholesterol synthesis enzymes DHCR7 and CYP51A1 and thereby enhancing CRC malignancy and CD8+ T cell suppression. These findings link CAF lactate–histone lactylation to cholesterol metabolism as a mechanistic driver of immune evasion, suggesting DHCR7/CYP51A1 and lactylation pathways as potential therapeutic targets.

Li H, Hu J, Huang L et al. · The Journal of pathology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Structural basis of a SWI/SNF-associated transcription pre-initiation complex.

This structural biology study investigated the architecture of a SWI/SNF-associated transcription pre-initiation complex by determining how the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex interfaces with RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex (PIC) and Mediator. Using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) plus cross-linking and mass spectrometry, the authors resolved structures of PIC–Mediator–SWI/SNF with and without a nucleosome, showing SWI/SNF as an integral component of the transcription machinery within a large ~7-megadalton assembly. These mechanistic insights clarify how chromatin remodeling is physically coupled to transcription initiation, informing models of gene regulation and chromatin control.

Nagai S, Yang C, Chen DH et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immune niche composed of C1Q+ macrophages/SFRP2+ CAFs/CD8+ T cells drives immunotherapy response in HER2-positive gastric cancer.

The study used spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing on treatment-naïve HER2-positive and HER2-negative gastric cancer specimens to define how HER2 status shapes the tumor immune microenvironment and cellular interactions. It found that C1Q+ macrophages interact with CD8+ T cells via Galectin-9 (LGALS9), with LGALS9 downregulated in HER2-positive tumors, and that this immune niche composition is linked to immunotherapy response. This suggests HER2-associated remodeling of macrophage–T cell signaling could be a mechanistic biomarker and potential therapeutic target to improve immunotherapy outcomes in HER2-positive gastric cancer.

Liao Y, Chen X, Chen H et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neddylation E2 enzyme UBE2M inhibits inflammatory lung tumor microenvironment by blocking the cGAS-STING signal upon KrasG12D activation.

The study investigated the in vivo role of the neddylation E2 enzyme UBE2M (UBC12) in a KrasG12D lung tumor mouse model, focusing on how it shapes the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Ube2m deletion triggered an inflammatory TME with severe lung edema and early death, and mechanistically it increased mitochondrial MOMP/mPTP while inhibiting Parkin neddylation and activity, thereby compromising mitophagy and blocking proper control of cGAS–STING signaling. These results suggest that UBE2M-mediated neddylation restrains cGAS–STING-driven inflammation during KrasG12D-driven tumorigenesis and could be a target to modulate tumor inflammation.

Zheng Y, Chen C, Li X et al. · Science bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

S1P-TREM2 axis protects immunosuppressive neutrophils from ferroptosis to promote tumour progression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

This study investigated how the S1P–TREM2 axis enables tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to resist ferroptosis and maintain immunosuppression. Using human HCC samples, murine HCC models, transcriptomic/lipidomic profiling, genetic loss-of-function approaches, and therapeutic interventions, the authors found that S1P–TREM2 signaling protects immunosuppressive neutrophils from ferroptotic death, promoting tumor progression. These mechanistic insights identify the S1P–TREM2/ferroptosis axis as a potential therapeutic target to reprogram the HCC tumor microenvironment.

Ma J, Wu T, Chen D et al. · Gut · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A microbial chromatin remodeler drives gastric cancer progression and immune evasion by reprogramming the host epigenome.

This work studied how the tumor-resident oncobacterium Streptococcus anginosus (SA) drives gastric cancer progression and immune evasion by reprogramming host epigenetics through a bacterial chromatin remodeler. The key finding was that SA extracellular vesicles deliver saSNF2 into host cells, where saSNF2 uses its ATPase activity to partner with TEAD1 and promote BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complex assembly, activating oncogenic transcription including upregulation of the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC11. Scientifically and clinically, this identifies a transkingdom epigenetic mechanism that could be targeted to overcome resistance to PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy in gastric cancer.

Xie X, Wei Y, Zheng J et al. · Cell host & microbe · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dynamic chromatin tethering of MDC1 regulates genome stability.

This study investigated how the proline-serine-threonine (PST) repeat region of MDC1 regulates genome stability during homologous recombination in cells. MDC1 PST-mediated chromatin tethering was sufficient to tether chromatin in multiple contexts and was critical for RAD51 loading and efficient HR in interphase, thereby supporting DSB repair. Scientifically, it clarifies a mechanism linking MDC1 chromatin association to RAD51-dependent repair, informing how cells maintain genome stability.

Heyza JR, Mikhova M, Phillips C et al. · Nucleic acids research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

KRAS-driven cytokine-metabolic crosstalk shapes immune exclusion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

This study investigated how KRAS-driven cytokine–metabolic crosstalk shapes immune exclusion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), focusing on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of KRAS-mutant cancers. It found that mutant KRAS coordinates cytokine networks (including GM-CSF and CXCL-associated inflammatory signals such as IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-1β) with metabolic reprogramming to promote an immune-excluded TME. The findings are significant because they provide a mechanistic framework for why KRAS-mutant PDAC resists immunotherapy and suggest combination strategies targeting KRAS-linked cytokine–metabolic pathways.

Huang C, Mai G, Li Y et al. · Frontiers in genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Public health & epidemiology (risk, burden, guidelines)

Risk factors for hospital admission and mortality in patients with influenza virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis studied observational risk factors for hospital admission and all-cause mortality in patients with laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza across diverse age groups and settings. Across studies published from 2000 to Oct 30, 2025, the authors synthesized evidence to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with worse outcomes, supporting updates to WHO influenza clinical guidance. Clinically, the results help stratify influenza patients by risk for hospitalization and death to guide management and public health interventions.

Gao Y, Liu M, Uyeki TM et al. · The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

RSV Bivalent Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Pregnancy and Protection Against RSV-Associated Illness in Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis studied real-world effectiveness of the RSV bivalent prefusion F protein vaccine (RSVpreF) given during pregnancy in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. Synthesizing nonrandomized studies published from 2020 through Jan 30, 2026, the authors evaluated vaccine effectiveness against infant RSV LRTI outcomes. The findings provide evidence to support clinical and public health decisions about maternal RSV vaccination to protect early-life infants.

Batool R, Wang R, Obeid H et al. · JAMA pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Smoking, Exhaled Carbon Monoxide, and Risk of Parkinson Disease.

This nationwide prospective cohort study investigated whether exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) is associated with Parkinson disease (PD) risk in adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank. In 512,724 participants aged 30–79 years, the analysis tested prospective associations of baseline exhaled CO with first PD events occurring between ages 40–94 and before Jan 1, 2019. By linking an exposure biomarker to PD risk, the study aims to clarify potential mechanistic pathways underlying epidemiologic smoking–PD associations.

Bueno Lopez C, Iona A, Turnbull I et al. · JAMA neurology · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tozorakimab to Prevent COPD Exacerbations.

This phase 3 randomized trial program studied tozorakimab, an interleukin-33 (IL-33) inhibitor, as add-on therapy to standard inhaled maintenance treatment to prevent COPD exacerbations in adults who were current or former smokers. In two replicate trials (OBERON and TITANIA), the key finding was whether IL-33 blockade reduced the rate of COPD exacerbations compared with placebo, without eligibility restrictions based on blood eosinophil count. If effective, this would establish IL-33 as a therapeutic target for exacerbation prevention in COPD beyond eosinophil-guided strategies.

Sciurba FC, Watz H, Bourdin A et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Immune-Epidermal Dual Targeting in Psoriasis: Emerging Technologies and Translational Therapeutic Strategies.

This integrative review synthesized evidence on the causes, mechanisms, and management of alopecia areata (AA), focusing on immune privilege collapse of hair follicles and cytotoxic T-cell pathways influenced by metabolic, psychological, and environmental factors. It highlights emerging mechanistic targets and translational therapeutic strategies derived from immunology and regenerative medicine research. The review is clinically significant because it frames why current therapies fail in some patients and guides development of more mechanism-based treatments for AA.

Liu M, Dong P, Yang C et al. · The British journal of dermatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Understanding Alopecia Areata: An Integrative Review of Causes, Mechanisms, and Management Strategies.

This review article integrated current understanding of psoriasis by proposing an immune–epidermal dual targeting framework centered on pro-inflammatory feedback between immune pathways and epidermal keratinocytes (KCs). It emphasizes that IL-23/IL-17 axis–targeted therapies improve short-term control but do not fully prevent inadequate responses or relapse after discontinuation. The translational significance is that it motivates next-generation therapies that simultaneously modulate immune drivers and keratinocyte amplification loops.

Thakur R, Gill P, Bala R et al. · Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes With or Without Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

This network meta-analysis compared tirzepatide versus dulaglutide across randomized clinical trials in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with and without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). It evaluated dose-specific effects on HbA1c and body weight and compared safety outcomes including mortality, cardiovascular events, and adverse events using SUCRA ranking. The clinical significance is that it helps clinicians choose between tirzepatide and dulaglutide (and their doses) for glycemic control, weight loss, and risk–benefit in T2DM populations stratified by ASCVD status.

Hageen AW, Gadelmawla AF, Saleh AO et al. · Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients by combining the CHG index and its obesity indicators: a prospective cohort study with survival prediction model.

This prospective cohort study assessed whether combining the cholesterol–HDL–glucose (CHG) index with obesity indicators (CHG-BMI, CHG-WC, CHG-WHtR) improves prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). It used machine learning–based survival prediction to quantify associations between these insulin resistance–related indices and mortality risk. The significance is that it proposes a more informative risk stratification tool for hypertensive patients by integrating metabolic (IR) and obesity-related signals.

Zhang Y, Sun T, Xue Q et al. · Cardiovascular diabetology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Integration of proteomic aging clocks in a phase 2a clinical trial supports simultaneous geroprotective assessment.

The study evaluated whether proteomic aging clocks can detect geroprotective effects in a clinical setting by analyzing serum proteomes from a published 12-week phase 2a trial of the anti-fibrotic drug rentosertib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It compared six proteomic clocks (including ProtAge and others) and assessed variance between clocks to support simultaneous geroprotective assessment. This suggests proteomic clocks may provide more interpretable, mechanistically informative aging biomarkers than epigenetic clocks in trials targeting aging-related disease biology.

Zhavoronkov A, Galkin F, Chen S et al. · Nature biotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multi-population GWAS meta-analysis identifies bladder cancer susceptibility loci and highlights genetic regulation of smoking-related risk.

The study performed a multi-population GWAS meta-analysis for bladder cancer using 32,470 cases and 1,753,462 controls to identify susceptibility loci and interpret their biological regulation. It identified 70 independent risk loci (43 novel) and showed that a 70-marker polygenic risk score improved discrimination (AUC 0.71 to 0.75), with integrative analyses prioritizing genes in xenobiotic metabolism and smoking-related pathways. These findings refine genetic risk prediction and implicate smoking-behavior biology in bladder cancer susceptibility.

Prokunina-Olsson L, Florez-Vargas O, Levin MG et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Solving an enigma: the BMP-9/10 axis as a key regulator of pulmonary vascular resilience.

This review article analyzed the BMP-9/BMP-10 vascular signaling axis and its regulation of pulmonary vascular resilience through ALK1, BMPRII, and endoglin receptor complexes. It proposes a bimodal model in which both deficiency and hyperactivation of BMP-9/10 disrupt vascular homeostasis, producing distinct pathogenic phenotypes including obstructive pulmonary arterial remodeling. The framework helps guide future mechanistic studies and potential therapeutic targeting of the BMP-9/10 pathway in pulmonary vascular disease.

Guignabert C, Humbert M · The European respiratory journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

European Respiratory Society clinical practice guidelines update for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

This European Respiratory Society (ERS) clinical practice guideline update synthesized evidence for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) management, with emphasis on sotatercept (an activin signaling inhibitor) and the role of right heart catheterisation (RHC) during follow-up. The guideline provides updated, evidence-based recommendations for treatment selection and monitoring strategies in PAH patients. Clinically, it standardizes care pathways that incorporate sotatercept and RHC to improve outcomes in a high-mortality disease.

Kovacs G, Zeder K, Humbert M et al. · The European respiratory journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy and Safety of Satralizumab for Thyroid Eye Disease: Week 24 Results from the Phase 3 SatraGO-1 and SatraGO-2 Randomized Trials.

These Phase 3 SatraGO-1 and SatraGO-2 randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trials evaluated satralizumab (an anti–IL-6 receptor antibody) for thyroid eye disease (TED) in adults with active moderate-to-severe TED or inactive TED. At Week 24, satralizumab demonstrated efficacy and an acceptable safety profile compared with placebo in the trial populations (SatraGO-1 N=131; SatraGO-2 N=127). The results support IL-6 receptor blockade as a targeted therapeutic strategy for improving outcomes in TED.

Briceño CA, Idowu OO, Khong JJ et al. · Ophthalmology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hypoparathyroidism: translating science from the laboratory to the clinic.

This narrative review summarized translational advances in hypoparathyroidism, focusing on diagnosis and emerging therapies including PTH analogues, calcilytics, preclinical agents, parathyroid tissue transplantation, and pluripotent stem cell-based approaches. It highlighted that targeted genetic testing, parathyroid autoimmunity assays, and point-of-care calcium monitoring could enable more individualized management. Scientifically and clinically, the review frames how biomarker-driven and precision approaches may improve outcomes for patients with chronic hypocalcemia due to insufficient PTH.

Brandi ML, AbuAlrob H, Chang W et al. · The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Use of the bacterial lysate OM-85 for the primary prevention of wheezing lower respiratory illness in preschool children: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

The ORBEX trial studied the bacterial lysate OM-85 for primary prevention of wheezing lower respiratory tract illness in preschool children at increased risk for asthma due to atopic dermatitis, parental asthma, or an asthmatic blood sibling. In a parallel-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, OM-85 was tested in children aged 6–18 months to determine whether it reduces the incidence of wheezing respiratory illness. A positive result would support OM-85 as a preventive immunomodulatory strategy to lower early-life wheezing and potentially reduce future asthma risk in high-risk preschool populations.

Morgan WJ, Mauger DT, Bacharier LB et al. · Lancet (London, England) · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Global, regional, and national prevalence of second-hand smoke and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

This systematic analysis used the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 comparative risk assessment framework to estimate global, regional, and national prevalence of second-hand smoke (SHS) and SHS-attributable disease burden across 204 countries and territories from 1990–2023, stratified by age and sex. The key finding was a quantified, time-trended global burden attributable to SHS exposure over the 33-year period. These estimates provide an evidence base for public health prioritization and policy evaluation aimed at reducing SHS exposure and its downstream morbidity and mortality.

The Lancet. Public health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A pulmonary innate lymphoid cell-driven serotonergic neuroimmune axis orchestrates airway hyperreactivity and cough hypersensitivity.

This study examined how pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) create a serotonergic neuroimmune axis that drives airway hyperreactivity and cough hypersensitivity. The key finding was that IL-33 stimulation induced ILC2 expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (Tph1) and C/EBPβ-dependent serotonin release, and that ILC2-derived serotonin amplified type 2 cytokine production via 5-hydroxy signaling pathways, promoting AHR and cough hypersensitivity. Clinically, defining this serotonin-mediated circuit could enable targeted interventions for asthma-like phenotypes with prominent cough and virus/allergen-exacerbated symptoms.

Luo CH, Shao JS, Lai AC et al. · Immunity · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The impact of sports supplements on metabolism, glycemic control, and lipid profile in adolescents and young adults: a narrative review.

This narrative review evaluated evidence on how commonly used sports supplements affect glucose and lipid metabolism, glycemic control, and lipid profiles in adolescents and young adults, considering baseline risks such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. The key finding is that the metabolic effects of sports supplements in these age groups are inconsistently supported and depend on supplement type and participants’ baseline metabolic status. Scientifically, it highlights gaps in age-appropriate evidence and the need for better trials to define efficacy and safety during puberty-related hormonal transitions.

Brodowski J, Bossowski A, Głowińska-Olszewska B · Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · [Free PDF ↗](https://www.termedia.pl/Journal/-138/pdf-58210-10?filename=0441_The impact of sports (2).pdf)

Influence of Ageing on the Pharmacology, Efficacy and Safety of Oral Targeted Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Focus on Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptor Modulators.

This narrative review synthesized evidence on how ageing alters the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of oral targeted therapies for inflammatory bowel disease, focusing on JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib) and S1P receptor modulators (ozanimod, etrasimod). The key finding was that age-stratified evidence is sparse and heterogeneous, limiting robust age-specific estimates of benefit and harm despite known differences in older adults’ risk profiles. Scientifically and clinically, it underscores the need for better inclusion of older patients in trials and for more consistent reporting to support safer prescribing in ageing IBD populations.

Derijks LJJ, Karapinar-Çarkit F, Mujagić Z et al. · Drugs & aging · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-world effectiveness of abrocitinib and upadacitinib in atopic dermatitis: a propensity-matched analysis.

This retrospective propensity-matched real-world study compared abrocitinib versus upadacitinib in atopic dermatitis using multicenter CORNERSTONE database data. After propensity score matching (282 patients per group), it found no significant between-group differences in EASI-75 and EASI-90 responses from week 2 through week 12, while PP-NRS4 response favored upadacitinib. These findings help clinicians interpret comparative effectiveness of two JAK inhibitors for itch and skin clearance in routine practice.

Wang R, Yang Z, Li H et al. · The Journal of dermatological treatment · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Practical Saudi Guidelines on management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis: 2026 update.

This study developed Saudi evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for managing adults and pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using the GRADE methodology and a systematic literature review (2020–2026). The guideline panel produced 31 PICO-driven recommendations based on high-quality evidence to standardize treatment decisions for this population. These updated national recommendations are intended to improve consistency and outcomes of psoriasis care in Saudi patients by aligning practice with the best available evidence.

Fatani MI, Binamer Y, Alessa D et al. · The Journal of dermatological treatment · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Optimizing efficacy to safety ratio of glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis models by leveraging PPARα agonism.

This experimental study tested whether PPARα agonism can optimize the efficacy-to-safety ratio of glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis models by combining dexamethasone with the PPARα agonist GW7647. Across multiple in vitro and ex vivo systems (including TNFα-stimulated L929sA fibroblasts and primary human fibroblast-like synoviocytes), PPARα agonism enhanced anti-inflammatory effects while mitigating glucocorticoid-associated metabolic side effects. These findings support a potential combination strategy to retain glucocorticoid benefits in RA while reducing metabolic toxicity.

Koorneef LL, Gilis E, Clarisse D et al. · Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Ductular Reaction Underlies Development of Portal Hypertension in Biliary Atresia.

This study investigated how histological ductular reaction (DR) and liver fibrosis predict portal hypertension in 60 patients with biliary atresia (BA) who underwent liver biopsies at Kasai portoenterostomy and 1 year postoperatively. Using a neural network model quantifying proportional DR (DR%) based on cytokeratin-7-positive portal biliary epithelium, it found that ductular reaction underlies development of portal hypertension and improves prediction alongside fibrosis measures. The results are important scientifically and clinically because they identify DR as a mechanistic and potentially actionable histologic predictor for portal hypertension risk in BA.

Luokkala P, Hukkinen M, Nyholm I et al. · Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Long-Term Major Adverse Liver Outcomes and Oncological Outcomes Across Steatotic Liver Disease Subtypes Classified Using the MetALD-ALD Prediction Index.

This UK Biobank cohort study evaluated long-term major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) and cancer risk across steatotic liver disease (SLD) subtypes classified by the MetALD-ALD Prediction Index (MAPI) and self-reported alcohol intake. It found that different SLD subtype classifications (MASLD, MetALD, and ALD) were associated with distinct long-term risks for MALO and cancer outcomes. The findings are significant because they address misclassification from alcohol underreporting and support more accurate subtype-based prognostication for long-term liver and oncologic risk.

Li Y, Huo Z, Liu H et al. · Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Oncology: immunotherapy mechanisms & biomarkers

In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screens identify FOXR1 as a suppressor of CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity.

This study used in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells to identify intrinsic regulators of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in solid tumors, focusing on the gene FOXR1. FOXR1 acted as a transcriptional suppressor of CD8+ effector functions, and genetic ablation enhanced cytokine production and cytotoxic capacity in both murine and human CD8+ T cells, whereas FOXR1 overexpression impaired activation and effector molecule expression. Mechanistically, multi-omics integration (RNA-seq, CUT&Tag-seq, and ATAC-seq) supported FOXR1-dependent transcriptional repression, highlighting FOXR1 as a potential target to improve antitumor T cell immunotherapy.

Yang X, Ouyang H, Xu H et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

MALT1 protease inhibition restrains glioblastoma progression by reversing tumor-associated macrophage-dependent immunosuppression in mice.

The study examined the role of MALT1 protease in glioblastoma-associated macrophages in mouse models of glioblastoma, focusing on how tumor cells influence macrophage signaling and phenotype. It showed that GBM cells induce a MALT1–NF-κB signaling axis in macrophages that enhances migration and drives an immunosuppressive M2-like state, while MALT1 protease inhibition reverses this by reducing migration and restoring an anti-tumor M1-like phenotype. These preclinical results support MALT1 protease as a therapeutic target to counter macrophage-mediated immunosuppression in glioblastoma.

Hofstätter Azambuja J, Yerneni SS, Maurer LM et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

B cells in cancer: functions, mechanisms and therapeutic advances.

This review article summarizes the roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic advances of tumor-infiltrating B cells across multiple cancer types. It highlights that diverse B-cell subtypes can mediate tumor progression by shaping the tumor microenvironment, including formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, secretion of immunomodulatory factors, and generation of antibody repertoires that correlate with immunotherapy response. The synthesis supports ongoing clinical interest in targeting tumor-infiltrating B cells as a strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes.

Zhang H, Cheng K, Mo J et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Anti-CMV IgG titer determines organ-specific protection toward immune checkpoint blockade-induced toxicities.

This prospective pan-cancer immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) cohort study (n=472) examined whether baseline anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibody titers predict organ-specific protection from immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Higher relative baseline anti-CMV IgG titers were associated with reduced risk of severe (grade 3+) ICB toxicities in an organ-specific manner. These findings suggest anti-CMV IgG titer could serve as a practical peripheral biomarker to stratify patients for ICB toxicity risk and improve treatment selection.

Milotay G, Little M, MacKay S et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dendritic cell centric nanoengineering couples antigen acquisition and STING activation for cancer immunotherapy.

This study developed a dendritic cell (DC)-centric nanotherapeutic strategy that couples antigen acquisition with STING activation for cancer immunotherapy, using dual ultra-pH-sensitive gating to deliver cGAMP specifically to antigen-bearing DCs. The key finding was that coordinating CD47–SIRPα checkpoint relief with staged STING agonist release produced synergistic antitumor efficacy that depended on Batf3-dependent cDC1s and CD8+ T cells. This approach is significant because it addresses a major limitation of STING agonists—insufficient DC-focused activation—by improving the spatial/functional coupling of antigen presentation and innate immune signaling.

Xiang S, Ma S, Xu T et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiovascular immunology & tumor microenvironment

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis and Myotoxicity.

This article reviewed immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated myocarditis and reframed it as part of a broader ICI-associated myotoxicity (ICI-M) syndrome. It emphasized that ICI-M can involve myocarditis alongside myositis, conduction disease, ventricular arrhythmias, dysphagia, pseudo-myasthenic oculobulbar signs, and respiratory muscle failure, and that elevated troponin with ICI use should prompt structured evaluation rather than being assumed to represent myocarditis alone. The clinical significance is improved recognition and diagnostic/treatment planning for a potentially fatal systemic cardiomuscular complication of cancer immunotherapy.

Salem JE · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Impaired Glycolysis Leads to Defective Efferocytosis and Impaired Plaque Resolution in Tet2 Clonal Hematopoiesis.

This study examined how TET2 clonal hematopoiesis (CH) affects atherosclerotic plaque resolution by testing whether impaired glycolysis leads to defective efferocytosis in Tet2+/- clonal hematopoiesis models. Using control or chimeric Tet2+/- mice with conditional deletion of Tet2 in hematopoietic stem cells during LDL lowering-induced plaque remodeling, the authors assessed plaque resolution and efferocytosis outcomes. The results connect TET2-driven metabolic dysfunction (glycolysis impairment) to impaired efferocytosis and reduced plaque resolution, identifying a mechanistic pathway by which TET2 CH may increase cardiovascular risk.

Yalcinkaya M, Hsu CC, Li L et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Artery tertiary lymphoid organs encode a pathogenic high-affinity autoantibody-autoantigen pair in atherosclerosis.

The study examined whether disease-relevant high-affinity autoantibody–autoantigen pairs arise from artery tertiary lymphoid organs (ATLOs) in atherosclerosis by isolating germinal center B cells from ATLOs and comparing them with lymph node B cells in mice. It found that ATLO-derived autoantibodies skew toward atherosclerosis-relevant arterial wall autoantigens, including a high-affinity antibody (A6) that binds histone 2B (H2B). This supports a mechanistic link between ATLO B-cell responses and autoimmune drivers of atherosclerosis and suggests ATLO B-cell products as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Zhang C, Zhang X, Ran Y et al. · Nature cardiovascular research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sirtuin 1 modulation unlocks the therapeutic potential of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in calcific aortic valve stenosis.

The study used human aortic valve RNA-seq data from the ARChS4 database and performed SIRT1 knockdown and overexpression experiments to test whether SIRT1 modulates calcific aortic valve stenosis (AS) progression and whether SGLT2 inhibitors could confer benefit. It aimed to connect SIRT1 regulation to fibro-calcification processes in AS and to evaluate whether SGLT2 inhibitor treatment can slow valve calcification via a SIRT1-dependent mechanism. If confirmed, this would position SIRT1 as a mechanistic bridge explaining potential repurposing of SGLT2 inhibitors for medical management of calcific AS.

Valerio V, Massaiu I, Franchi M et al. · Cardiovascular research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiac imaging & procedural standardization

Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis, Antibiotic Therapy, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

This American Heart Association scientific statement reviewed current evidence on infective endocarditis diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, and management in light of changing epidemiology and new diagnostic/treatment options. It highlighted updated case definitions, non-culture-based pathogen identification, advanced multimodality imaging, and emerging approaches such as partial oral therapy and percutaneous mechanical aspiration of right-sided vegetations in selected patients. The clinical significance is providing an updated, practical framework to improve detection and treatment of infective endocarditis in contemporary practice.

DeSimone DC, Marks L, Dayer MJ et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Low-dose ticagrelor combined with aspirin for preventing early neurological deterioration in patients with high-risk non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, clinical trial.

This multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial studied low-dose ticagrelor (60 mg twice daily) plus aspirin versus clopidogrel plus aspirin in Chinese patients with high-risk non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events (HR-NICE) within 24 hours of onset. The key outcome was prevention of early neurological deterioration (END) within 7 days without increasing bleeding risk. If ticagrelor-based dual antiplatelet therapy reduces END, it could offer a CYP2C19-independent alternative to clopidogrel for high-risk stroke/TIA patients.

Liu J, Cao H, Wang M et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Lower noradrenaline-mediated mean arterial pressure target in patients with acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock: rationale and design of the NORshock study.

This study describes the rationale and design of the NORshock trial, which will test a lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) target in patients with acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock treated with noradrenaline. The trial is motivated by the lack of evidence that targeting MAP >65 mmHg improves outcomes and by noradrenaline’s adverse effects such as increased afterload and arrhythmias. If successful, NORshock could refine vasopressor titration targets to improve safety without compromising clinical outcomes in AMI-CS.

Ten Berg S, Peters EJ, Bogerd M et al. · EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multimodality imaging for pre-, intra-, and postprocedural guidance of left atrial appendage closure: a European Left Atrial Appendage Closure Club (ELAACC) expert consensus statement.

This European Left Atrial Appendage Closure Club (ELAACC) expert consensus statement studied multimodality imaging workflows for left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) across centres performing pre-, intra-, and postprocedural assessment. It found that standardising acquisition, measurement, and reporting across imaging modalities can reduce variability and improve procedural safety and clinical reproducibility. The consensus is significant because it provides a unified, centre-agnostic framework to improve LAAC outcomes by harmonising imaging guidance throughout the procedure.

Wunderlich NC, Sanchis Ruiz L, Aminian A et al. · EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiac injury, inflammation & regeneration

HNRNPK Lactylation Amplifies Inflammation and Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Jag2 Splicing.

The study examined how lactate-derived HNRNPK (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K) lactylation in human atrial tissue and murine ischemia/reperfusion hearts regulates inflammatory RNA splicing via Jag2. Lactylation of HNRNPK amplified inflammation and worsened myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by altering Jag2 splicing patterns. These findings link metabolic stress to pro-inflammatory gene regulation and identify HNRNPK lactylation/Jag2 splicing as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate cardiac injury.

Chen S, Shen S, Su W et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Spatially guided in vivo single-cell functional genomics of postnatal heart.

The study investigated how spatial organization and cell–cell interactions regulate gene regulatory programs during postnatal cardiac maturation in mice using integrated single-nucleus RNA sequencing and image-based spatial transcriptomics. It generated a high-resolution spatial–temporal atlas of the postnatal mouse heart and identified niche-specific signaling and transcriptional programs that dynamically guide cardiomyocyte maturation. This provides an in vivo, spatially resolved framework to functionally test prioritized regulators of heart development and could inform mechanisms of congenital and developmental cardiac disorders.

Wang H, Dong Y, Song Y et al. · Nature cardiovascular research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ARID1A Mediates ROS-Induced Osteoclast Activation in TMJ Osteoarthritis.

This mechanistic study examined how ARID1A regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced osteoclast activation in a mechanically induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) mouse model. It found that ROS accumulation drives osteoclast activation through ARID1A-mediated pathways, linking oxidative stress to epigenetic control of osteoclast differentiation and joint deterioration. The work is significant because it identifies ARID1A as a potential therapeutic target to interrupt ROS-driven bone destruction in TMJ-OA.

Liu YL, Xu JY, Wu YQ et al. · Journal of dental research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Heart failure, fibrosis & cellular reprogramming

Overcoming Intrinsic Barriers in Myofibroblasts Permits Efficient Cardiac Reprogramming After Infarction.

The study investigated whether intrinsic barriers created by cardiac fibroblast (CF) heterogeneity—especially activation of quiescent CFs (QCFs) into myofibroblasts (MFs)—limit direct reprogramming of injury-activated MFs into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) after myocardial infarction (MI). It found that overcoming these intrinsic barriers enables efficient cardiac reprogramming of post-MI myofibroblasts. This supports a strategy to convert pathological fibrosis-driving MFs into iCMs, potentially improving regeneration after infarction.

Wu J, Yang C, Wu D et al. · Circulation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Musculoskeletal & orthopedic care (implants, pain, rehab, spine)

MicroRNA-mRNA Networks in Skeletal Muscle of Tailored Pig Models for Dystrophinopathies.

The study profiled microRNA–mRNA networks in skeletal muscle (triceps brachii) from tailored pig models of dystrophinopathies, including DMD exon 52 deletion (DMDΔ52) and DMDΔ51-52 (BMD-like), to identify condition-specific regulatory differences. It found distinct miRNA–mRNA network signatures between DMD and BMD-like phenotypes that reflect mutation-dependent molecular remodeling. These networks provide candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for exon-skipping strategies aimed at restoring dystrophin function.

Reschke S, Graf A, Hadlich F et al. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Duchenne muscular dystrophy: from gene to gene-ius therapies.

This review summarized how Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) therapies are moving from the dystrophin gene defect toward “gene-ius” precision approaches, including strategies to restore dystrophin expression or modify disease progression. It emphasizes the monogenic, well-defined molecular pathogenesis of DMD as the rationale for targeted interventions. The scientific significance is that it consolidates the therapeutic pipeline and mechanistic logic for next-generation dystrophin-restoring and disease-modifying treatments.

Muchir A, Musaro A, Chamberlain J · Skeletal muscle · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Strengthening muscle for healthy ageing: innovative treatments for sarcopenia.

The study reviewed and synthesized emerging innovative therapeutic approaches for sarcopenia, focusing on mechanisms of age-related skeletal muscle loss and potential pleiotropic drug strategies. It emphasized that sarcopenia has multifactorial cellular, metabolic, and molecular drivers and that there are currently no approved therapies, motivating interventions targeting multiple pathways. Scientifically, the review frames how mechanistic understanding can guide development of treatments to improve muscle mass and strength and reduce morbidity in healthy aging.

Ancel S, Le Moal E, Wang YX et al. · Nature reviews. Drug discovery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A 6-Year-Old With Becker Muscular Dystrophy and Catatonia.

This pediatric case report described a 6-year-old boy with acute behavioral changes consistent with catatonia who was ultimately found to have previously undiagnosed Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). The clinical work-up linked the catatonia to an underlying medical etiology (BMD), with diagnosis supported by validated pediatric catatonia rating approaches and typical benzodiazepine responsiveness (often lorazepam). The case highlights the need to consider neuromuscular disorders such as BMD when evaluating catatonia in young children.

Lichtor SA, Robinson M, Luccarelli J et al. · Pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Identification of the tendon/ligament stem cell in mice and humans.

This study identified the tendon/ligament stem cell (TLSC) in both mice and humans and linked it to the cellular basis of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy causing lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). The key finding was that TLSCs are Lin-Thy1.2−Sca-1+CD73+CD140α− cells with self-renewal capacity that sit at the apex of the tenocyte differentiation hierarchy, as shown by in vivo somatic-variant-based lineage tracing. This is significant because it provides a defined, druggable stem-cell target and suggests calcium signaling-dependent reprogramming as a therapeutic entry point for LSS.

Hu L, Sun J, Morse KW et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Robotic surgery across surgical specialties: an Italian survey on implementation, training, and satisfaction levels among trainees and young attendings: on behalf of the Italian Multispecialty Society of Young Surgeons (SPIGC).

This Italian nationwide modified-Delphi survey studied implementation, training exposure, and satisfaction with robotic surgery across 10 surgical specialties among 41 trainees/young attendings (residents, fellows, PhD students, young assistant professors) in Europe/Italy. Respondents reported heterogeneous robotic training program characteristics and satisfaction levels, highlighting gaps in standardized curricula and implementation. The findings support the need for multispecialty, standardized robotic training pathways and measurable curriculum endorsement to improve trainee readiness and consistency of robotic education.

Del Giudice F, Santarelli V, Fiori G et al. · Updates in surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Staying minimally invasive: robotic versus laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery in a propensity-weighted Italian multicentre cohort.

This propensity-weighted secondary post hoc analysis of the retrospective ATOCCS cohort compared conversion to open surgery after intended robotic versus laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection in 2,284 elective, curative-intent patients treated at 23 Italian centers (876 robotic, 1,408 laparoscopic) during 2022–2024. Using propensity-score overlap weighting with center indicators and multiple imputation, the study estimated adjusted conversion risks with center-clustered models. Clinically, the results inform whether robotic colorectal surgery reduces early conversion to open surgery in routine multicenter practice beyond what is achievable with laparoscopic approaches.

Giordano A, Marano L, Lamacchia G et al. · Journal of robotic surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ibuprofen versus acetaminophen for acute mild-to-moderate pain management in pediatric populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of their efficacy.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials compared ibuprofen versus acetaminophen for acute mild-to-moderate pain in pediatric populations (search through May 2026 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). The analysis synthesized comparative analgesic efficacy across heterogeneous pediatric trial settings to determine whether one drug provides superior pain relief. The findings are intended to guide evidence-based selection of first-line non-opioid analgesics for children with acute mild-to-moderate pain.

Marseglia GL, Marchisio PG, Milani GP et al. · European journal of pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cortical hypertrophies in cementless short stem total hip arthroplasty in young patients under 60 years and elderly patients over 75 years-analysis of outcome and risk factors for cortical hypertrophies.

This retrospective analysis evaluated cortical hypertrophies (CH) after cementless short-stem total hip arthroplasty in 208 patients, comparing outcomes and risk factors between young patients (<60 years, n=119) and elderly patients (>75 years, n=89). The study assessed whether the presence of CH was associated with differences in clinical outcomes such as Harris Hip Scores (HHS) between age groups. Scientifically and clinically, clarifying age-related CH behavior may improve risk stratification and follow-up strategies after short-stem THA.

Schwarz PM, Stützle S, Stadler C et al. · Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pathogenic KIF1A variants differentially disrupt axonal trafficking and impede synaptic development.

This study used isogenic CRISPR gene-edited human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons to investigate how pathogenic KIF1A variants (including null p.C92* and hypoactive p.P305L) affect axonal trafficking and synaptic development. The key finding was that different KIF1A mutations differentially disrupted long-distance axonal transport and impeded synaptogenesis/synaptic function. These results mechanistically link KIF1A-associated neurological disorder (KAND) mutations to impaired synaptic network formation, informing targeted therapeutic strategies.

Aiken J, Borland C, Marotta N et al. · The Journal of cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid and enzymatic mix intralesional therapy in Peyronie’s disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled pilot study of outcomes and patient satisfaction.

This prospective, randomized, open-label multicenter pilot trial studied intralesional hyaluronic acid–enzymatic mix (Fibrorestil: 0.05% sodium hyaluronate plus recombinant collagenase/lyase/lipase) added to daily tadalafil and penile traction versus conservative therapy alone in 38 men with stable-phase Peyronie’s disease (30°–90° curvature). The trial evaluated efficacy and safety outcomes along with patient satisfaction. Clinically, it provides evidence for a non-xiapex intralesional option after xiapex withdrawal in Europe, potentially improving curvature and patient-reported outcomes in stable PD.

Fernández-Pascual E, Maiolino G, Palma-Hendges LP et al. · The journal of sexual medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ketamine for Analgosedation in Mechanically Ventilated Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial.

This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial studied low-dose ketamine infusion (0.15 mg/kg/hr) as adjunct analgosedation in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients receiving opioid infusion for analgosedation (two university-affiliated ICUs in Melbourne, Australia). The key finding was the effect of ketamine on analgosedation efficacy compared with placebo in this mechanically ventilated population. If beneficial, ketamine could become an evidence-based adjunct to reduce opioid requirements or improve sedation/analgesia quality in ICU patients.

Casamento AJ, Ghosh AN, Said S et al. · Critical care medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Impact of hematologic disorders on decline in hemoglobin levels after total hip arthroplasty.

This matched retrospective cohort study evaluated how hematologic disorders affect postoperative hemoglobin decline and blood loss after unilateral total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in 64 patients. Patients with hematologic disorders had worse postoperative red blood cell and hemoglobin outcomes than matched controls, indicating higher vulnerability to perioperative anemia. Clinically, identifying hematologic comorbidity risk may help tailor perioperative blood management and monitoring strategies after total hip arthroplasty.

Jiang M, He Z, Zhang Y et al. · The Journal of international medical research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Joint-Specific Effects of Previous Arthroscopic Surgery on the Risk of Infection Following Knee, Hip, and Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis Based on Observational Studies.

This meta-analysis pooled results from 31 observational studies to assess whether prior arthroscopic surgery increases the risk of postoperative infection after knee, hip, and shoulder arthroplasty. Prior arthroscopic surgery significantly increased overall infection risk (OR ~1.33, 95% CI reported in abstract) with joint-specific subgroup analyses. The findings suggest surgeons should consider prior arthroscopy as a risk factor when planning infection prevention and counseling for arthroplasty patients.

Liu H, Wu B, Chang Z et al. · Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tyrosyl-tRNA sequestration triggers tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase-associated peripheral neuropathy.

This study examined the mechanism of CMT-YARS1 by testing whether tyrosyl-tRNA (tRNATyr) sequestration by CMT-mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) causes peripheral neuropathy. In three Drosophila CMT-YARS1 models, transgenic overexpression of tRNATyr rescued neuropathy phenotypes and translation defects, and biochemical data supported sequestration by the three CMT-TyrRS variants. The work identifies tRNATyr sequestration as the molecular root cause, suggesting that restoring free tRNATyr availability could be a therapeutic strategy.

Mallik M, Tadenev ALD, Mora N et al. · Brain : a journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Korean Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Patients and Post-Intensive Care Syndrome.

This study developed Korean clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation in critically ill patients and post-intensive care syndrome survivors through a de novo multidisciplinary panel process. The guideline framework prioritized 15 key clinical questions to standardize rehabilitation practices across the Korean healthcare context. Implementing these recommendations is intended to reduce variability in ICU rehabilitation and improve recovery outcomes for post-ICU patients.

Chung CR, Yeo HJ, Do JG et al. · Annals of rehabilitation medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparison of analgesic treatments used for ankle sprains in the emergency department.

This prospective randomized double-blind study compared early intravenous analgesia with paracetamol, ibuprofen, or dexketoprofen in emergency department patients with grade 1–2 ankle sprains. The key finding was that early functional analgesia using these agents improved pain and range-of-motion outcomes compared with the other tested regimens (as assessed by pain monitoring and ROM measurements). The study is significant because it informs evidence-based, early pain-control choices for ankle sprain management in the acute care setting.

Sarcan E, Erdem AB, Yazla M et al. · Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Association of polyethylene type with revision and dislocation risk following primary total hip arthroplasty: a population-based cohort study from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register.

This population-based cohort study used the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register and Danish National Patient Register to assess whether polyethylene type affects revision and dislocation risk after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in 48,618 osteoarthritis patients. It found that highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) versus non-HXLPE was associated with differences in long-term risks of all-cause revision and dislocation (including cause-specific revision). The results are clinically important because they provide real-world evidence to guide implant material selection to reduce failure and instability after THA.

Chabaita M, Iljazi A, Sørensen MS et al. · Acta orthopaedica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Oncology: targeted therapies & resistance

CD84 expression stratifies venetoclax response and reveals a targetable vulnerability in resistant acute myeloid leukemia.

The study investigated whether CD84 expression stratifies response to venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and whether CD84 represents a targetable vulnerability in resistant disease. High CD84 expression correlated with primary venetoclax resistance and increased at relapse, while CD84 knockdown or CD84-targeted CAR-T cells sensitized AML cells to venetoclax. This is significant because it identifies CD84 as a biomarker of venetoclax resistance and a potential combination target to improve durability of AML responses.

Wang X, Lin X, Chen T et al. · Experimental hematology & oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Programmable enzymes for targeted gene insertion.

This review studied programmable genome-editing strategies for targeted gene insertion, contrasting nuclease-based double-strand break approaches with newer double-strand break-independent methods such as base editing and prime editing. It concluded that while precise small-scale edits are now feasible, programmable insertion of large DNA cargos (e.g., entire genes) remains comparatively limited. Clinically, improving large-cargo insertion would expand genome editing for genetically heterogeneous diseases that require mutation-specific but gene-level correction.

Lampe GD, King RT, Sternberg SH · Nature reviews. Genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

ASS1-derived argininosuccinate promotes purine nucleoside synthesis in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The study investigated metabolic signaling in BCR-ABL–driven B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by focusing on argininosuccinate (ASA) and its upstream enzyme argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) and downstream target NT5C2. It showed that BCR-ABL phosphorylates ASS1 to increase ASA production from citrulline, that ASA directly binds cytosolic 5’-nucleotidase II (NT5C2) to enhance nucleosidase activity, and that the resulting purine nucleosides support leukemia proliferation. This identifies an ASS1–ASA–NT5C2 axis as a druggable metabolic pathway that could be exploited to treat tyrosine kinase-driven hematologic malignancies.

Li G, He Z, Liu M et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structural basis of β-arrestin coupling and transducer selectivity in PAC1R.

The study investigated the structural basis for β-arrestin coupling and transducer selectivity of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor (PAC1R) using cryo-electron microscopy. It reported the cryo-EM structure of PAC1R bound to β-arrestin 1 (βarr1) in a core-engaged conformation and showed that βarr1 engagement remodels the intracellular transmembrane bundle (including TM5 reorientation and inward movement of TM6) relative to the Gs-bound state. This provides mechanistic insight into how PAC1R adopts distinct conformations to preferentially signal through β-arrestin versus G proteins, informing rational GPCR drug design.

Zhang M, Li X, Yuan QN et al. · Acta pharmacologica Sinica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical base editing for β-hemoglobinopathies across different genetic backgrounds.

This report evaluated clinical base editing for β-hemoglobinopathies across different genetic backgrounds using a transformer base editor (tBE) to reactivate fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. The key finding was that all four described patients (including one African SCD patient and three TDT patients with mutations common in South/Southeast Asia) achieved hematopoietic recovery with discontinuation of red blood cell transfusions after more than 12 months of follow-up. This is significant because it extends base-editing feasibility beyond a single β-thalassemia context, supporting broader applicability of HbF reactivation across diverse genotypes.

Liu R, Lai Y, Wang L et al. · Cell stem cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Human Monocytic Models Reveal Genotype-Dependent Inflammatory Programs in VEXAS Syndrome.

This study used human monocytic models to define genotype-dependent inflammatory programs in VEXAS syndrome caused by somatic UBA1 mutations (p.Met41Val, p.Met41Thr, p.Met41Leu). Using whole-blood RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, and transcriptomic/functional analyses in monocytic cell lines engineered to carry each UBA1 mutation, the authors identified distinct inflammatory signatures by genotype. These results provide genotype-linked biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for tailoring treatment in VEXAS patients.

Higashitani K, Ban T, Kirino Y et al. · Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Infectious disease & antimicrobial strategies

Vancomycin optimised dosing regimens for critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy.

This prospective pharmacokinetic study developed and validated individualized vancomycin dosing recommendations for critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) using a population PK model and Monte Carlo simulations. The model was used to estimate the probability of achieving an efficacy target against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while minimizing toxicity across different RRT modalities. Clinically, it provides a data-driven dosing framework to reduce under- or overdosing in a high-variability patient group.

Ulldemolins M, Lipman J, Liu X et al. · Critical care (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multiple local PfDHFR I164L haplotype expansions drive Plasmodium falciparum antifolate resistance in Uganda.

The study genotyped 11 antifolate-resistance mutations in Plasmodium falciparum pfdhfr and pfdhps across 4,725 isolates from 16 Ugandan health facilities during 2016–2022 to map spatial patterns and evolutionary dynamics of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance. PfDHFR I164L increased over time from 19.4% to 32.4%, and multiple local pfdhfr I164L haplotype expansions were implicated in driving antifolate resistance. These findings strengthen evidence that ongoing local expansion of specific pfdhfr haplotypes is accelerating SP failure risk in high-transmission Uganda and can inform resistance surveillance and chemoprevention policy.

Asua V, Niaré K, Garg S et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Twenty-year persistence of SARS-CoV-1 immune imprinting shapes antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

This study analyzed long-term antibody imprinting by following individuals sequentially infected with SARS-CoV-1 and then SARS-CoV-2 over two decades, focusing on epitope specificity and persistence of neutralizing antibodies. The key finding was durable SARS-1 imprinting after SARS-2 BF.7 breakthrough infection, with ~60% of isolated monoclonal antibodies SARS-1 imprinted targeting conserved receptor-binding domain regions and some retaining germline-like features and neutralizing activity even 20 years later. This is significant for understanding how immune history shapes protection against emerging variants and for informing vaccine and antibody design strategies that account for imprinting effects.

Zhang Q, Chen P, Guo F et al. · Immunity · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Inhibits African Swine Fever Virus Replication by Targeting Key Viral Proteins and Regulating Host Lipid Metabolism.

This in vitro study tested epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against African swine fever virus (ASFV) replication and assessed effects on key viral proteins and host lipid metabolism. EGCG significantly inhibited ASFV proliferation and was linked to disruption of viral proteins alongside regulation of host lipid metabolic pathways required for viral replication. These findings support EGCG as a candidate antiviral strategy for ASFV, addressing the lack of globally available vaccines or effective therapeutics.

He X, Li H, Yang R et al. · Emerging microbes & infections · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-world characteristics of trastuzumab deruxtecan-related interstitial lung disease in Japanese patients with breast cancer and gastric cancer.

This study investigated Plasmodium malariae tropism for immature (young) red blood cells and whether it can infect bone marrow by combining ex vivo flow cytometric profiling of P. malariae isolates with infection experiments in a humanized mouse model. The authors found a five-fold higher tropism of P. malariae for immature red blood cells than P. falciparum and provided evidence that P. malariae can home to and infect host bone marrow. This advances understanding of P. malariae’s chronic infection biology and may inform strategies to target reservoirs underlying quartan malaria.

Fujiwara Y, Oikado K, Baba T et al. · The oncologist · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A randomized controlled trial of cefiderocol versus standard therapy for Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections: Benefit and risk assessment using DOOR and generalized pairwise comparisons.

This analysis applied desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) and generalized pairwise comparisons (GPC) to integrate efficacy and safety outcomes from the GAME CHANGER trial comparing cefiderocol versus standard therapy (SOC) for Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections. The primary clinical endpoint framework incorporated 14-day all-cause mortality (ACM) and additional composite safety/efficacy components including treatment failure, infectious complications, serious adverse events, and 90-day ACM. The approach supports a more nuanced benefit–risk assessment of cefiderocol than single-endpoint analysis alone.

Hardy MJ, Harris PNA, Mo Y et al. · Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Hyperinflammatory Profiles and Early Mortality in HIV-Associated Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study in Brazil.

This prospective cohort study in 152 hospitalized adults with HIV-associated tuberculosis in Bahia, Brazil measured plasma cytokines at admission and day 7 to define hyperinflammatory profiles linked to early mortality (≤14 days) versus late mortality (15–100 days). Early deaths showed distinct, more dysregulated inflammatory signatures compared with later deaths, identified using clustering, canonical discriminant analysis, bootstrapped correlation networks, and multivariable logistic regression. The study is significant because it links specific early hyperinflammatory immune states to mortality timing, potentially informing risk prediction and targeted immunomodulatory strategies in HIV-TB.

Nogueira BMF, Vinhaes CL, Rangel FA et al. · The Journal of infectious diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Oncology: diagnostics & imaging (molecular imaging, MRD, tracers)

Directed evolution of Lantern enables rapid RNA and protein proximity labeling.

The study developed and tested Lantern, an engineered flavoprotein optimized by directed evolution, for rapid RNA and protein proximity labeling with sub-minute temporal resolution. It demonstrated that Lantern can be targeted to compartments such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and stress granules to map local transcriptomes (CAP-seq) and proteomes (CAP-MS). This advances spatially and temporally resolved functional mapping of biomolecular neighborhoods, enabling more precise studies of dynamic cellular processes.

Fang Y, Ren Z, Zheng F et al. · Nature chemical biology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

scAmp enables focal gene amplification analysis from single-cell data.

The study introduced scAmp, a probabilistic computational algorithm to detect and analyze extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA)-driven oncogene amplification from single-cell datasets. Using well-characterized cell lines, scAmp improved specificity compared with bulk genome sequencing for identifying amplified genes and enabled subclonal/extrachromosomal heterogeneity analysis with functional (e.g., transcriptomic) consequences. This provides a practical single-cell method to map ecDNA amplification dynamics relevant to acquired drug resistance and tumor progression.

Jones MG, Weiser NE, Hung KL et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clinical utility of molecular residual disease detection in early-stage resected EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

The study assessed clinical utility of molecular residual disease (MRD) detection using circulating tumor DNA in early-stage resected EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer from the phase 3 EVIDENCE trial, comparing adjuvant icotinib versus chemotherapy. Using the personalized tumor-informed MinerVa Prime assay on 1,352 plasma samples from 175 patients, MRD positivity was detected at a landmark timepoint in 35.8% of stage III patients (38/106) and 14.7% of stage II patients (10/68). This supports MRD detection as a surveillance biomarker that can stratify recurrence risk after curative resection in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Zhou F, Su C, Liang W et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Selexipag in systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: long-term real-world data from a multicentre Italian cohort.

This post hoc analysis characterized independent ILD adjudication outcomes for trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd)-related interstitial lung disease in Japanese patients with breast and gastric cancer using all-patient post-marketing surveillance data. The key finding was a systematic description of clinical and imaging features, time to onset, interventions, and outcomes (followed up to 12 months from onset) for adjudicated cases. Real-world characterization of T-DXd pneumonitis/ILD supports improved risk recognition and management in routine oncology practice.

Stano S, Iannone C, Campochiaro C et al. · Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Payload-Free [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-sq-Enfortumab ImmunoPET for Imaging Nectin-4 Expression in Bladder Cancer.

This study engineered a payload-free zirconium-89 immunoPET tracer by conjugating the native enfortumab antibody to the bifunctional chelator DFO*-sq and radiolabeling it as [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-sq-Enfortumab to image Nectin-4 expression in bladder cancer. The tracer preserved Nectin-4-specific targeting and showed high radiochemical stability in human serum (>99%), addressing limitations of prior antibody-drug conjugate–based or rapidly cleared radiotracers. This work supports more accurate Nectin-4–based patient stratification for urothelial carcinoma using immunoPET with reduced pharmacologic confounding.

Aziz MN, Wang T, Lang J et al. · Molecular pharmaceutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neuroimmunology & CNS inflammation (MS/EAE)

Genome-wide association analyses highlight the neuronal contribution to multiple sclerosis susceptibility.

The study performed a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of multiple sclerosis (20,831 cases and 729,220 controls) and integrated single-cell data from blood and brain to identify candidate causal genes. It identified 236 susceptibility variants outside the major histocompatibility complex (including four novel loci), derived a polygenic score informative across ancestries, and prioritized 76 candidate causal genes with inhibitory neurons emerging as a key cell-type signal. This strengthens evidence that neuronal biology contributes to MS susceptibility and can refine target selection for future functional studies and therapies.

Zeng L, Khan A, Fitzgerald KC et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Multiancestry genome-wide association and multiomics analyses elucidate spatiocellular features of multiple sclerosis genetics.

The study investigated multiple sclerosis genetics in Japanese and multi-ancestry cohorts using GWAS and multiomics integration to identify spatiocellular features. It found significant associations in the major histocompatibility complex and a population-specific risk variant in 11q24 in Japanese samples, then through cross-population meta-analyses identified 22 novel susceptibility loci, integrating GWAS with single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CNS cell types. This links genetic risk loci to specific cellular contexts across the immune system and central nervous system, improving interpretation of MS pathogenesis.

Fujimoto R, Ogawa K, Namba S et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Lactate-H4K12la-HDAC1 epigenetic axis governs microglial state transitions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in female mice.

The study investigated how a lactate–H4K12la–HDAC1 epigenetic axis regulates microglial state transitions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in female mice, linking cerebrospinal fluid lactate to disease severity. It found that spinal lactate accumulation drives persistent microglial histone lactylation (H4K12la) coupled to glycolytic activation, and that microglia-specific deletion of lactate dehydrogenase A reduces lactylation and worsens disease, while exogenous lactate ameliorates pathology by suppressing inflammatory microglial states. These results identify a lactate-driven histone lactylation pathway as a mechanistic regulator of CNS autoimmunity and a potential therapeutic lever in multiple sclerosis-like disease.

Li J, Meng S, Li J et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Inhibitory circuits restrain adult glioma progression by suppressing calcium-driven oncogenic programs.

This study investigated whether inhibitory neural circuits can restrain adult glioma progression by modulating calcium-driven oncogenic programs, using adult glioma models with genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of GABAergic synaptic input. The key finding was that enhancing inhibitory tone suppressed tumor calcium dynamics, reduced tumor proliferation, and prolonged survival, whereas disrupting inhibitory synaptic output accelerated tumor growth. The scientific significance is that it identifies a causal inhibitory circuit mechanism that could be exploited therapeutically to counteract activity-dependent glioma growth.

Uesaka N, Kumegawa K, Watanabe T et al. · Neuron · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neurogenesis: Notch loses the lead in neuroblast fate specification.

This study examined how Notch signaling regulates neuroblast fate specification in Drosophila during germ-band extension, focusing on timing relative to proneural gene expression, cell position, geometry, and junctional mechanics. The authors found that neuroblasts are selected before germ-band extension and that Notch acts later to reinforce neuroblast fate rather than driving the classic lateral-inhibition selection step. This revises the canonical Notch lateral-inhibition model and clarifies when Notch is mechanistically required for neural development.

Januschke J · Current biology : CB · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Oncology: clinical trials & comparative effectiveness

Phase 1/1b open-label, first-in-human study of HER2×CD3×CD28 trispecific T-cell engager (SAR443216) in participants with R/R HER2-expressing solid tumors.

This first-in-human, multicenter Phase 1/1b dose-escalation study evaluated the HER2×CD3×CD28 trispecific T-cell engager SAR443216 in participants with relapsed/refractory (R/R) HER2-expressing solid tumors (NCT05013554). The key results reported were the safety/tolerability profile and initial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic activity of SAR443216 across intravenous dose levels (18–900 µg) using intraparticipant lead-in dosing. If confirmed in later trials, SAR443216’s HER2-directed T-cell co-engagement via CD3 and CD28 could provide an effective immunotherapy option for HER2+ solid tumors.

Dumbrava EE, Oh DY, Ryu MH et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Induction and extended consolidation with daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in patients with high-risk multiple myeloma (OPTIMUM/MUKnine): 5-year follow-up of a multicentre, externally controlled, phase 2 trial.

This externally controlled multicenter Phase 2 OPTIMUM/MUKnine trial reported 5-year follow-up outcomes in patients with high-risk multiple myeloma receiving induction and extended consolidation with daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, followed by maintenance after autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). The key finding was the durability of survival outcomes over 5 years, analyzed across molecular subgroups defined by high-risk features (e.g., high-risk cytogenetics, high-risk gene expression profiling, or plasma cell leukemia). Long-term subgroup-specific results help refine risk-adapted treatment strategies for high-risk myeloma patients undergoing ASCT-based regimens.

Kaiser MF, Phillip RH, Brown SR et al. · The Lancet. Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Chemotherapy with or without pembrolizumab followed by maintenance pembrolizumab with or without olaparib as first-line treatment of patients with advanced BRCA non-mutated epithelial ovarian cancer (ENGOT-OV43/GOG-3036/KEYLYNK-001): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

This phase 3, randomised, double-blind trial studied first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy followed by pembrolizumab plus olaparib maintenance (with or without bevacizumab) in adults with advanced epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer lacking BRCA1/2 mutations (ENGOT-OV43/GOG-3036/KEYLYNK-001). The study evaluated whether adding the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab and PARP inhibitor olaparib to standard chemotherapy improves efficacy and safety versus chemotherapy with placebo-controlled maintenance strategies in this BRCA non-mutated population. If effective, this regimen could expand first-line maintenance options beyond BRCA-mutated disease by targeting immune pathways and PARP-dependent tumor vulnerabilities in BRCA1/2–wild-type ovarian cancer.

Vergote I, Cibula D, Powell M et al. · The Lancet. Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparative Analysis of Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Early-Onset Versus Average-Onset Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.

This retrospective population-based SEER analysis compared early-onset (age 30–49) versus average-onset (≥50) small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SBNETs) in terms of clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, incidence trends, and survival. The key finding was that early-onset SBNETs represent a distinct subgroup with different baseline features and outcomes compared with average-onset cases. This is clinically significant for tailoring surveillance and management strategies and for understanding whether age at diagnosis reflects different tumor biology.

Gao MT, Patel RR, Semprini J et al. · American journal of clinical oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neurodegeneration & neuropsychiatric adverse effects

Improvement in Delusional Jealousy and Caregiver Distress After Switching From Oral Galantamine to a Donepezil Transdermal Patch in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report.

This case report described a woman in her 60s with probable Alzheimer’s disease who developed caregiver-reported delusional jealousy and near-daily marital conflicts while taking oral galantamine. After switching from oral galantamine to a donepezil transdermal patch, delusional jealousy and caregiver distress improved as assessed with the caregiver-rated Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). The report supports that changing cholinesterase inhibitor formulation (galantamine to transdermal donepezil) may alleviate specific neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD.

Matsui H, Omori Y, Furuta K · Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The Antidepressant Effects of the mGlu2/3 Receptor Antagonist TS-161 in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Phase IIa Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial.

This phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover proof-of-concept trial studied the antidepressant effects of the oral mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist prodrug TS-161 in 11 unmedicated adults with treatment-resistant depression. The key finding was that TS-161 produced antidepressant effects over 3 weeks compared with placebo (with safety/tolerability assessed as part of the trial design). If confirmed in larger studies, TS-161 could provide a ketamine-like glutamatergic synaptic-plasticity approach for treatment-resistant depression via mGlu2/3 antagonism.

Kvarta MD, Watanabe M, Ozaki S et al. · Journal of clinical psychopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Renal disease & nephrology biomarkers

A novel Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor 6K delays the progression of AKI-to-CKD by mitigating maladaptive repair.

This study used Nrf2 knockout mice to model AKI-to-CKD and investigated the oxidative stress–ferroptosis axis in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), targeting the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway with a novel Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor (6K). The key finding was that 6K delayed AKI-to-CKD progression by mitigating maladaptive repair in PTECs through modulation of Nrf2-dependent redox/ferroptosis processes. Clinically, this supports Keap1–Nrf2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent fibrosis-driven CKD after AKI.

Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhou T et al. · Redox biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clinical Significance of Increased Degree of Hematuria in Patients affected by IgA Nephropathy.

This retrospective single-center study evaluated the clinical significance of increased hematuria severity in 696 adults with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with persistent hematuria, using a time-averaged follow-up-to-baseline urine red blood cell ratio (Δ u-RBC count). Patients with Δ u-RBC count ≥1 were associated with worse outcomes than matched patients with decreased hematuria severity (age, sex, baseline eGFR, and follow-up duration matched 1:1). The findings are clinically important because they suggest that the degree of hematuria worsening can serve as a prognostic marker in IgAN risk stratification.

Huang Z, Ma J, Bian X · Journal of nephrology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Generated automatically on September 09, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.