PubMed Trending Research Digest — September 10, 2026

Automated digest · 97 articles · 15 research areas · September 10, 2026

Overview

This week’s digest is dominated by two converging trends: (1) precision risk stratification using biomarkers, real-world evidence, and mechanistic signatures, and (2) therapy personalization that explicitly accounts for biological context—whether that context is immune-cell state, tumor microenvironment, host genetics, or patient comorbidities.

On the clinical side, multiple studies reinforce “targeted protection” strategies. Maternal RSV vaccination (RSVpreF) shows real-world effectiveness in reducing infant RSV-associated LRTI during early life, while revaccination with an mRNA RSV vaccine supports restoring neutralizing antibodies in older adults. In cardiovascular prevention, updated dyslipidemia guidance emphasizes earlier, lower, longer, and more individualized lipid lowering beyond LDL-C alone, and new causal-inference work (protein Mendelian randomization) helps prioritize proteins for hypertension drug targeting. In diabetes and metabolic health, comparative real-world effectiveness designs for GLP-1/GIP therapies and mechanistic work on adipocyte thermogenesis via exosome trafficking highlight how treatment and biology are increasingly linked.

In oncology and immunology, the theme is “understanding resistance before it happens.” Studies use multi-omic and spatial approaches to map resistance niches (e.g., hypoxic neutrophil programs in NSCLC), reveal metabolic immune evasion mechanisms (CAF lactate driving histone lactylation and cholesterol synthesis to suppress CD8 T cells in CRC), and identify new vulnerabilities (e.g., NMD dependence in SCLC, TRIM21–DDX3X host-directed axes in infection, and FOXR1 as a suppressor of CD8 antitumor function). Across these efforts, the common message is that better outcomes will come from pairing therapies with the specific state of the system they act on—immune, metabolic, epigenetic, or structural—rather than applying uniform treatment intensity.

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Diabetes & Obesity Therapies (GLP-1/GIP, tirzepatide/semaglutide, diet, CGM)

Effect of exercise on bone health in middle aged and older adults: hierarchical network meta-analysis of randomised trials.

This study used hierarchical Bayesian network meta-analysis and multivariable dose-response network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine which structured exercise types and doses best preserve bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce fracture risk in adults aged ≥40 years. Across middle-aged (40–60) and older (>60) populations, caloric restriction was not studied; instead, the analysis synthesized exercise effects on lumbar spine and femoral BMD outcomes to identify the most effective exercise regimens. These findings support a more evidence-based, dose-adaptive exercise prescription to maintain skeletal health and potentially lower fracture risk in aging adults.

Lu C, Li L, Zhang L et al. · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Interstitial glucose during sanctioned competition and during high-intensity training in highly trained collegiate male endurance athletes: A real-world continuous glucose monitoring study.

This real-world continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) study examined interstitial glucose dynamics in 20 highly trained collegiate male endurance athletes (runners and race walkers) during 36 sanctioned competitions, compared within subjects to high-intensity training at the same prescribed race pace. Interstitial glucose rose from baseline to 8.3±1.5 mM 1 hour pre-race, peaked at 11.2±2.2 mM during competition (mean difference +3.12 mM, 95% CI +2.72 to +3.53; Cohen’s dz=1.45), and then declined after the event. These findings provide practical, athlete-specific CGM evidence that competition at race pace produces a distinct glucose excursion beyond training, informing fueling and monitoring strategies for endurance performance.

Kajisa T, Sakai T · Physiological reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Fetal exposure to paracetamol is associated with altered markers of ovarian development and reduced uterine volume in girls: the COPANA study.

The COPANA (Copenhagen Analgesic) study assessed whether fetal exposure to paracetamol (acetaminophen) is associated with ovarian development markers in infancy in girls, using detailed maternal reports and urinary measurements to quantify exposure. Mild to moderate prenatal paracetamol exposure was associated with altered ovarian morphology and activity and with reduced size of estrogen-responsive tissues in infant girls. These findings raise developmental safety concerns for prenatal paracetamol exposure and motivate further research on mechanisms and long-term reproductive outcomes.

Fischer MB, Mola G, Sundberg K et al. · Human reproduction open · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, severe sepsis, and infection-related outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.

This study evaluated, in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are associated with different risks of severe sepsis, infection-related complications, and mortality compared with DPP-4 inhibitors. Using a real-world, active-comparator, new-user cohort design from the U.S. TriNetX Collaborative Network with propensity score matching, the authors assessed infection outcomes following initiation of SGLT-2 inhibitors versus DPP-4 inhibitors. The study’s clinical significance is to clarify infection safety in a high-risk CKD/T2D population where treatment choice may affect sepsis and mortality risk.

Wang CA, Wang WJ, Chen JY et al. · Kidney research and clinical practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of Treatment Intensification with Abiraterone on Fracture-related Hospitalisation in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of Two Randomised Phase 3 Trials Within the STAMPEDE Trial Platform.

This secondary analysis assessed whether treatment intensification with abiraterone in newly diagnosed prostate cancer affects fracture-related hospitalisation (FRH) within the STAMPEDE trial platform. In patients with high-risk non-metastatic (M0) or metastatic (M1) disease, the study compared abiraterone-based regimens versus standard of care and evaluated FRH outcomes. Clinically, the results address a key safety concern—fracture risk—when using androgen receptor pathway inhibitors as intensification beyond ADT.

Gray S, Dutey-Magni P, Jones C et al. · European urology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Optimised carbohydrate dietary intervention for improving metabolic health in adults with prediabetes: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

This multicentre randomised controlled trial study protocol will test an optimized carbohydrate dietary pattern—raising resistant starch (RS) and reducing rapidly digestible carbohydrates—in adults with prediabetes. The key aim is to determine whether this RS-enriched, carbohydrate-structure–optimized diet improves metabolic health outcomes compared with a control dietary approach. If effective, the trial will provide clinically actionable evidence for using dietary pattern engineering (rather than single nutrients) to prevent progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes.

Zhang R, Lu Y, Zhang N et al. · BMJ open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Senotherapeutic Potential of Anti-Diabetic Medications: Bridging Type 2 Diabetes and Accelerated Aging.

This review synthesized mechanistic evidence linking type 2 diabetes (T2D) and accelerated aging, emphasizing shared pathways such as cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, impaired autophagy, nutrient sensing dysregulation, and gut microbiota imbalance. The key finding is that anti-diabetic medications may have senotherapeutic potential by modulating aging-related biology beyond glycemic control. Scientifically, it frames T2D as a model of accelerated aging and supports further research into repurposing anti-diabetic drugs to target senescence-driven disease processes.

Cui H, Nisar A, Duan Z et al. · Pharmacological research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effects of Weekly Set Distribution on Volume Load, Lower-Body Strength, and Quadriceps Muscle Thickness in Trained Men.

This study in 18 trained men compared two weekly resistance-training set-distribution models over 6 weeks (RT1: all weekly sets in 1 session vs RT3: distributed across 3 sessions) using exercises including back squat, leg press, and leg extension at 80% of pretest 1RM. The key finding was the differential effects of weekly set distribution on volume load, maximal dynamic lower-body strength, and quadriceps muscle thickness. Scientifically, it informs how manipulating training frequency/set placement can optimize hypertrophy and strength outcomes in trained individuals.

Calzavara J, Barroso R · Journal of strength and conditioning research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Exosome trafficking is a key regulator of adipocyte thermogenesis.

This study investigated how exosome trafficking regulates thermogenesis in adipocytes, using human thermogenic cell systems and mouse models of beige adipocyte activation. The authors showed that thermogenic activation depends on exosome trafficking, identifying it as an intrinsic regulator of thermogenic adipocyte function. These findings suggest that modulating exosome trafficking could be a therapeutic strategy to enhance energy expenditure and combat obesity/diabetes.

Kesharwani D, Karolak M, Doucette C et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

How Slow Should You Go? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Resistance Training Repetition Tempo on Muscle Hypertrophy.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated resistance training repetition tempo effects on muscle hypertrophy in healthy adults, comparing different eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) tempos while controlling other training variables. Across included studies, the analysis estimated pre/post lean mass or muscle mass changes and between-condition differences attributable to repetition tempo. Clinically, it provides evidence to guide practical programming of resistance training tempo to optimize hypertrophy outcomes.

Enes A, Piñero A, Hermann T et al. · Journal of strength and conditioning research · (2025) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tirzepatide Benefit for Early Glycemic and Weight Management in People with T2D in Japan: Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics of T-BEAT Study.

The T-BEAT study is an in-progress, noninterventional multicenter observational study assessing real-world glycemic and weight outcomes with tirzepatide (5–15 mg once weekly) versus oral semaglutide (7–14 mg once daily) in Japanese adults with early-stage type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants include those naive to oral antidiabetes drugs (diet/exercise only) or receiving oral antidiabetes drug monotherapy, with eligibility criteria excluding certain prior treatments (details truncated). The study design will clarify comparative early effectiveness of these GLP-1/GIP-based therapies in routine care, informing early intensive T2D management in Japan.

Waki H, Kagitani H, Osaga S et al. · Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Genomics, Chromatin, and Cellular Mechanisms (including UPR, cohesin, transcription machinery, epigenetics)

Fluid biomarkers in the evolving care landscape of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders.

This review examined the clinical implementation and evolving evidence for fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders, focusing on blood- and cerebrospinal-fluid assays and the technologies enabling them. It reports that ultrasensitive multiplexing methods and high-specificity antibodies have accelerated biomarker performance, and that blood-based markers such as neurofilament light (for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and phosphorylated tau 217 (for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis) are increasingly being implemented as amyloid-targeting treatments expand. The work highlights that using multiple fluid biomarkers is likely necessary to capture diverse disease mechanisms for more precise diagnosis and treatment selection.

Teunissen CE, Vermunt L, Barthélemy NR et al. · The Lancet. Neurology · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Caloric restriction modulates genome-wide somatic mutation in mice.

This mouse study tested whether caloric restriction (CR) alters genome-wide somatic mutation burdens across tissues by performing high-fidelity duplex DNA sequencing on bulk liver, bulk kidney, hepatocytes, and cerebellar neurons. CR reduced both substitution and insertion/deletion mutation burdens across multiple tissues and cell types and specifically decreased activity of the single-base substitution mutational process SBS5. These results suggest CR can modulate age-associated genomic instability, providing mechanistic support for how dietary interventions may influence aging-related cancer risk.

Grońska-Pęski M, Acosta-Rodríguez V, Srinivasa A et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Longitudinal Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A National Database Propensity-Matched Analysis.

This retrospective national database propensity-matched cohort study evaluated long-term outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using TriNetX data from 104 healthcare organizations. Among 5,908 DDH patients, the study assessed 90-day medical complications and 2-year mechanical outcomes and revision surgery rates to quantify the impact of DDH on implant performance. The findings are important for counseling and surgical planning by clarifying the expected complication and revision risk profile for DDH patients undergoing THA.

Al-Jamal M, Abdalla O, Hasan A et al. · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Oveporexton for Narcolepsy Type 1 - Results from Two Phase 3 Trials.

This phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial program evaluated oveporexton (TAK-861), an oral orexin receptor 2-selective agonist, in participants aged 16–70 years with narcolepsy type 1. Over 12 weeks, twice-daily oveporexton at 1 mg or 2 mg (First Light trial) and 2 mg (second trial) was tested against placebo for efficacy and safety. The results are clinically significant because they extend evidence for orexin-receptor–targeted therapy as a potential symptom-reducing treatment option for narcolepsy type 1.

Dauvilliers Y, Mignot E, Antczak J et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Effect of Large Language Model-Powered Virtual Standardized Patients on History-Taking Among Undergraduate Medical Students: Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.

This propensity-matched cohort study tested whether large language model–powered virtual standardized patients (LLM-VSPs) improve medical students’ history-taking performance compared with traditional approaches. It evaluated undergraduate medical students using an authentic educational setting and measured history-taking outcomes after exposure to an LLM-VSP system for extracurricular self-practice. The study is significant because it assesses whether AI-driven standardized patient training can reliably strengthen core clinical communication skills under real-world teaching conditions.

He Y, Chen C, Yin R et al. · JMIR medical education · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mechanosensitive Stanniocalcin-1 Suppresses Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Attenuates Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension.

This study investigated whether mechanosensitive stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) regulates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and attenuates experimental pulmonary hypertension using PASMCs from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and a newly developed hydrostatic pressurization system. STC1 suppressed pressure-driven PASMC proliferation and reduced experimental pulmonary hypertension severity (details truncated in the abstract). The work identifies STC1 as a pressure-responsive mediator with potential therapeutic relevance for IPAH, where elevated intravascular hydrostatic pressure contributes to vascular remodeling.

Kogami M, Kato Y, Ito S et al. · Circulation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A Phase 3 Trial of Vosoritide in Children with Hypochondroplasia.

This phase 3 multicenter randomized trial studied vosoritide, a C-type natriuretic peptide analogue, in children aged 3 to <18 years with hypochondroplasia (FGFR3-related skeletal dysplasia) receiving once-daily subcutaneous injections versus placebo for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in annualized growth velocity, with results truncated in the abstract. Clinically, the trial tests whether targeted therapy with vosoritide can improve growth outcomes in a population lacking approved disease-specific treatments.

Dauber A, Savarirayan R, Campeau PM et al. · NEJM evidence · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles reprogram microglia and prevent neurodegeneration in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease.

This experimental translational study tested whether extracellular vesicles derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC-EVs) can reprogram microglia and prevent neurodegeneration in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using intranasal administration. The abstract indicates that hAMSC-EVs modulate neuroinflammation by reprogramming microglia and confer neuroprotection that prevents or reduces neurodegenerative outcomes (specific measures truncated). The work supports hAMSC-EVs as a potential cell-free therapeutic strategy to target microglia-driven inflammation in AD.

Papait A, Natale F, Silini AR et al. · Translational neurodegeneration · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Maintaining ambulatory care capacity through telemedicine during wartime: insights from a tertiary center’s experience.

This retrospective analysis examined how wartime conditions affected ambulatory care capacity at Sheba Tel HaShomer Medical Center in Israel by comparing ambulatory visit volumes during June 13–24, 2025 with the contribution of telemedicine encounters. The study evaluated whether telemedicine helped mitigate disruptions to routine outpatient services during the Israel–Iran war period (detailed quantitative results truncated). Operationally, it provides real-world evidence on how telemedicine can preserve continuity of care during large-scale healthcare system disruptions.

Shapira S, Epstein D, Zur M et al. · Israel journal of health policy research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comprehensive functional testing in fibroblasts has strong utility to diagnose mitochondrial disease.

The study evaluated fibroblast-based functional testing for primary mitochondrial disease (PMD) diagnosis in a cohort of 204 genetically confirmed PMD patients, 51 healthy controls, and 53 patients with differential diagnoses. Using respiratory chain enzyme assays, BN-PAGE with in-gel activity staining, a complex I assembly assay, and targeted protein abundance measurements, the authors found that this multi-assay functional workflow provides strong diagnostic utility for cases where genome sequencing leaves variants of uncertain significance or unresolved findings. This supports incorporating comprehensive fibroblast functional assays into clinical mitochondrial diagnostics to improve variant interpretation and reduce diagnostic uncertainty.

Van Hove JLK, Friederich MW, Van Hove RA et al. · EMBO molecular medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pentose phosphate pathway-derived NADPH facilitates physiological hypertrophy and alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart.

The study examined how exercise-induced pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity regulates NADPH dynamics and cardiac growth, using genetically encoded fluorescent NADPH sensors in mice and cardiomyocytes. It found that exercise activates the PPP to increase cytosolic (not mitochondrial) NADPH, and that PPP inhibition or cytosolic NADPH depletion attenuates physiological hypertrophy and reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury, with NADPH promoting growth via inhibition of the HDAC3/C/EBPβ pathway. These results identify PPP-derived cytosolic NADPH as a mechanistic link between exercise and cardioprotection, highlighting potential targets to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion damage.

Wu D, Chen T, Dong X et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Bone marrow myelopoiesis dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease limits monocyte homing to the brain and drives disease progression.

The study investigated bone marrow myelopoiesis dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and how it limits monocyte homing to the brain in 5×FAD mice and in human AD patients. It found that monocyte differentiation is disrupted by a maladaptive type I interferon (IFN-I)–mediated bone marrow response in mice, with a similar phenotype observed in circulating monocytes from patients, and that blocking IFN-I signaling (with a neutrophil-related intervention described in the truncated abstract) improves monocyte recruitment and slows disease progression. This supports IFN-I pathway modulation as a strategy to restore monocyte trafficking to the brain and reduce AD inflammatory pathology and cognitive decline.

Abellanas MA, Basurco L, Purnapatre M et al. · Nature neuroscience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cohesin prevents local mixing of condensed euchromatic domains in living human cells.

The study examined how the cohesin complex organizes euchromatin in living human cells by combining single-nucleosome imaging/tracking with super-resolution 3D structured illumination microscopy and euchromatin-specific labeling of the histone variant H3.3. It found that euchromatin forms condensed domains whose spatial organization is constrained by cohesin-mediated chromatin loops, refining the view of euchromatin as largely open. The significance is mechanistic insight into how cohesin-driven loop architecture shapes active chromatin organization at the nanoscale.

Shimazoe MA, Iida S, Minami K et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Integrating multi-omics technologies to decipher microbiome functions.

The study reviewed and synthesized approaches for integrating multi-omics datasets to infer microbiome functions across complex communities. It highlights that combining genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic measurements and applying systematic integration methods can reveal microbial activities, interactions, and dynamics across environments, including in clinical settings. The significance is a practical conceptual roadmap for turning high-dimensional microbiome data into interpretable functional hypotheses.

Van Den Bossche T, Lazau EA, Aho VTE et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Disulfidptosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

This review article summarized the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of disulfidptosis, a recently defined regulated cell death program. It describes disulfidptosis as being characterized by glucose deprivation, elevated SLC7A11 expression, cystine/disulfide accumulation and disulfide stress, leading to cell death distinct from other regulated death modalities. The significance is that these shared molecular features provide actionable targets for developing therapies that modulate disulfidptosis in disease contexts.

Wang C, Zhou J, Jin B et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Structural Characterization of Native RNA Polymerase II Transcription Complexes and Nucleosomes in Drosophila melanogaster.

The study developed a method to isolate native RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription complexes and nucleosomes from Drosophila melanogaster embryos using FLAG-tag affinity purification and Micrococcal Nuclease treatment. Cryo-EM and proteomics revealed diverse native transcription complexes and nucleosomes, including a metazoan Rpb4/Rpb7 stalk-less Pol II elongation complex and a hexameric nucleosome lacking an H2A/H2B dimer, with nucleosomes detected only downstream of the elongation complex. This provides native structural context for Pol II transcription and chromatin organization, improving interpretation of transcription mechanisms beyond in vitro reconstitutions.

Venette-Smith NL, Vishwakarma RK, Venkatakrishnan V et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hippo signaling regulates spontaneous human trophoblast syncytialization in three-dimensional cultures.

This study investigated how Hippo signaling controls spontaneous trophoblast syncytialization in human trophoblast models using three-dimensional cultures (spheroids/organoids) derived from placental tissues or trophoblast stem cells. Hippo pathway activity regulated the extent and organization of spontaneous fusion into syncytiotrophoblast within 3D culture, with matrix removal/suspension conditions altering syncytialization patterns. These findings provide mechanistic insight into Hippo-dependent trophoblast differentiation and improve the interpretability of 3D trophoblast culture systems for pregnancy biology.

Zheng M, Zhao L, Xi R et al. · Molecular human reproduction · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

HP1α binding creates a local barrier against transcription activation and persists during chromatin decondensation.

Using mouse fibroblast chromocenters, the study tested how heterochromatin protein 1 alpha (HP1α) represses transcription by recruiting transcriptional activators to chromatin and measuring reporter output. HP1α formed a promoter-proximal barrier that suppressed weaker activators (VP16) but was overcome by stronger activators (VP64-p65-Rta and p65), while transcription and chromatin decondensation occurred without displacing HP1α or removing H3K9 trimethylation. This mechanistic insight is significant because it supports a local, persistent repression model for HP1α rather than a purely phase-separated compartment model.

Weinmann R, Udupa A, Nickels JF et al. · Molecular cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A new name, an old crisis: Metabolic dysfunction at the core of polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome.

This article is a narrative scientific discussion reframing polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS, formerly polycystic ovary syndrome) as a metabolic dysfunction condition affecting women worldwide. It argues that the renaming better reflects underlying metabolic mechanisms and highlights how research fragmentation and underfunding have limited progress. The significance lies in guiding future basic and translational metabolic research and improving how clinicians conceptualize and manage the syndrome’s cardiovascular and metabolic risks.

Stener-Victorin E, Zhao H, Azziz R et al. · Cell metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structural basis of a SWI/SNF-associated transcription pre-initiation complex.

The authors investigated how the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex interfaces with the RNA polymerase II transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC) in transcription initiation. Using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy plus cross-linking and mass spectrometry, they determined that SWI/SNF forms a large dimeric ~7-megadalton assembly with PIC, Mediator, and a nucleosome. This structural and mechanistic work is significant because it directly places SWI/SNF as an integral component of the transcription machinery rather than a promoter-only remodeler.

Nagai S, Yang C, Chen DH et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ASSOBRAFIR clinical practice guidelines in intensive care physical therapy: Rehabilitation strategies in critically ill adults.

This guideline development study produced evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for intensive care unit (ICU) physical therapy, focusing on early mobilization and respiratory muscle training strategies in critically ill adults. Using the GIN/AGREE-II framework and GRADE to appraise evidence, it formulated rehabilitation strategies intended to prevent impairment and support recovery. The significance is that it standardizes ICU rehabilitation decision-making with transparent evidence grading for physiotherapists.

Neto SGB, Martinez BP, Lunardi AC et al. · Brazilian journal of physical therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Deconstruction of lysergic acid diethylamide.

This PNAS study systematically deconstructed the tetracyclic ergoline core of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to synthesize 9 simplified ergoline analogues (ergologs) and evaluated them in assays for 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor function. The key finding was identification of molecular features/minimal pharmacophore required for maximal 5-HT2A agonism and hallucinogenic behavioral effects. Scientifically, it provides a structure–activity framework for designing safer or more efficacious LSD-like compounds by pinpointing what parts of the LSD scaffold drive receptor and behavioral activity.

Basargin AG, Domokosa A, Hennessey JJ et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ER-to-Golgi transport machinery promotes the excessive cargo-triggered unfolded protein response in C. elegans.

This PLoS Genetics study used Caenorhabditis elegans genetics, imaging, and biochemical assays to determine how ER-to-Golgi transport machinery influences cargo-triggered unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling. It found that neuronal overexpression of the gap junction protein UNC-9 cell-autonomously activates the IRE-1–XBP-1 branch of the ER UPR, while loss of early secretory pathway proteins ERGI-2 or ERGI-3 suppresses this response and disrupts UNC-9 localization. The significance is that specific trafficking components actively couple cargo handling to UPR activation, revealing a mechanistic link between secretory pathway integrity and proteostasis signaling.

Guan L, Zhang T, Zhan Z et al. · PLoS genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Integrative modeling of the genome structure and dynamics in fission yeast.

This PNAS study established an integrative quantitative framework for genome structure and dynamics in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by combining live-cell imaging of 131 chromosomal loci with contact-map data. By integrating locus dynamics with polymer-based modeling and chromatin contact information, the authors generated a quantitative map linking genome motion to 3D organization. This provides a cross-modality approach to unify genome architecture and dynamics measurements in a tractable model organism.

Shinkai S, Namba T, Sugawara T et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cell-type-specific circadian and light-responsive transcriptional dynamics in adult Drosophila neurons.

This study examined circadian and light-responsive transcriptional dynamics in adult Drosophila neurons, focusing on cell-type-specific programs across circadian neuron subtypes. Using genetic multiplexing across multiple time points and complementary transcriptomic/functional approaches, the authors found distinct transcriptional dynamics that depend on neuron subtype and light/circadian context. These results refine how circadian gene regulation is organized at the level of specific neuronal cell types in vivo.

Berglund G, Ojha P, Ivanova M et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

LINE-1 repeats are a defining feature of the Xce.

This PNAS study tested the genetic basis of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in interstrain hybrid female mammals by examining the role of LINE-1 elements in the X chromosome controlling element(s) (Xce). The authors provided evidence that L1Tf repeats, a subfamily of LINE-1, contribute to Xce strength differences that bias which X chromosome remains active. This links transposable element variation to epigenetic choice during early development.

Jeon Y, Ji F, Das P et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Transthyretin can denature by an alternative pathway.

This study investigated transthyretin (TTR) denaturation pathways relevant to amyloid disease by comparing canonical dimer-mediated unfolding with an alternative denaturation route. The authors found that at acidic endosomal/lysosomal pH (pH 4.0–5.0) and under perturbing mutations at neutral pH, a second denaturation pathway becomes accessible involving a more expanded intermediate state. Identifying this alternative route improves mechanistic understanding of ATTR aggregation and may inform strategies to prevent TTR misfolding under physiological conditions.

Jäger M, Schäfer JH, Lander GC et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Coordinated regulation of diverse F-actin organizations orchestrates F-actin pulses in the actomyosin network.

This study examined how F-actin organizations generate F-actin pulses within actomyosin networks during Drosophila oogenesis, focusing on the roles of Rac1, Scar/WAVE–Arp2/3 (branched nucleation), and Dia (unbranched nucleation). Rac1 and the Scar/WAVE–Arp2/3 complex were required to support F-actin pulsation, while Dia pulses triggered F-actin pulsation, indicating coordinated control of distinct F-actin microstructures. These findings clarify how specific actin nucleators orchestrate pulsatile cytoskeletal dynamics that drive tissue morphogenesis.

Li H, Liu B, Liu J et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

eIF5A and polyamines restrict mRNA levels in response to ribosome stalls.

This study investigated how the translation factor eIF5A and polyamines regulate mRNA abundance in response to ribosome stalling, using the No-Go mRNA Decay (NGD) pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. The authors identified eIF5A as required for the mRNA decay response to ribosomal stalling, linking translational stalling detection to NGD-mediated mRNA restriction. Scientifically, this refines the mechanism by which cells distinguish stalled from normal elongation and mount protective mRNA surveillance responses.

Wohlenberg CM, Monem PC, Barbosa N et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cellular modifiers of TDP-43 phase transition and cytoplasmic aggregation.

This study identified cellular factors that modulate TDP-43 phase transition and cytoplasmic aggregation by combining chemical and genome-wide genetic screens using a TDP-43 RNA-binding–defective mutant. The screens implicated multiple processes—including RNA splicing, protein translation, proteostasis imbalance, and nuclear export—as regulators of TDP-43 phase behavior, and the authors developed a semi-permeabilized cell system to partially recapitulate these transitions. Scientifically, it maps pathways that control liquid-to-solid transitions of TDP-43, offering targets for understanding and potentially mitigating neurodegenerative aggregation.

Chin N, Zhang Q, Zou J et al. · eLife · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer Biology: Resistance, Clonal Evolution, and Molecular Vulnerabilities

Treatment Decisions in Multiple Myeloma.

This article reviewed how treatment decisions in multiple myeloma should be individualized using trial evidence and emerging biology, integrating cytogenetic/genomic risk stratification, functional fitness, and measurable residual disease (MRD) status. It emphasizes that modern induction commonly uses quadruplet therapy in newly diagnosed disease and that subsequent choices should be guided by risk category and MRD dynamics. The framework is clinically significant because it translates rapidly expanding therapeutic options into practical, risk-adaptive decision-making for patients across the disease spectrum.

Mouhieddine TH, Anderson KC · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer: Toward a risk-adaptive paradigm in the era of biologic precision.

This narrative review discussed early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and argues for a risk-adaptive paradigm in the era of biologic precision. It synthesizes how low-dose CT screening increases detection of ground-glass opacities and earlier disease, and how advances such as parenchyma-sparing surgery, minimally invasive/digital navigation approaches, and perioperative immunotherapy and targeted agents are changing management. The clinical significance is that it frames how emerging biomarkers and noninvasive monitoring (e.g., liquid biopsy) could tailor therapy intensity to individual patient risk.

Zhang C, Gu X, Wang P et al. · CA: a cancer journal for clinicians · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A targetable dependency on nonsense-mediated decay for cellular homeostasis and immune control in small cell lung cancer.

This mechanistic cancer study investigated how small cell lung cancer (SCLC) uses a targetable dependency on nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) to maintain cellular homeostasis and immune control. The authors found that SCLC has abundant frameshift mutations that would be immunogenic, but a hyperactive NMD pathway degrades frameshift-derived mRNAs, and NMD activity correlated with tumor mutational burden (TMB) across cancers, implying NMD helps prevent accumulation of mutation-derived byproducts. The findings suggest NMD as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in SCLC and other TMB-high tumors, potentially enabling new immune-modulating strategies.

Torres-Fernández LA, Boehm V, Kaufmann J et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A single-cell lens into the co-evolution of genotypes and phenotypes in cancer.

This article reviewed how somatic clonal evolution links genotypes and phenotypes in cancer, integrating evidence from human tissues and tumor progression. It emphasizes that clonal mosaicism can pre-exist in non-malignant tissues and that, once a tumor arises, therapy-driven selection expands resistant subclones through diversification under selective pressure. The significance is a conceptual and methodological framework for using single-cell and multi-omic approaches to map clonal states to phenotypic outcomes relevant to treatment resistance and recurrence.

Izzo F, Prieto T, Potenski C et al. · Nature reviews. Cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Adipocyte-derived β-hydroxybutyrate confers metabolic resilience in multiple myeloma.

The study investigated how adipocyte-derived β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) supports metabolic resilience in multiple myeloma (MM) under glucose deprivation, using mechanistic experiments in MM cells and adipocyte-MM co-culture contexts. It found that glucose restriction activates AMPK in MM cells, disrupting HSP90–IRF4 binding and making IRF4 susceptible to TRIM21-mediated proteasomal degradation, while the same stress induces adipocytes to produce β-OHB that MM cells catabolize via OXCT1-mediated ketolysis to fuel NAT10-dependent acetylation of IRF4 at K87 and sustain survival. The significance is identification of an adipocyte–MM metabolic axis (β-OHB–OXCT1–NAT10/IRF4) that could be therapeutically targeted to weaken MM resilience during nutrient stress.

Song C, Yang P, Li Y et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

CAFs-mediated histone lactylation reprograms cholesterol metabolism in colorectal cancer to drive CD8+ T cell immunosuppression.

This study examined how cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment regulate histone lactylation and cholesterol metabolism in CRC cells and how this affects CD8+ T cell immunosuppression. CAF-derived lactate induced histone H3K9La/H3K18La lactylation, upregulating the cholesterol synthesis enzymes DHCR7 and CYP51A1 and thereby promoting CRC malignancy and CD8+ T cell suppression. These findings identify a CAF–lactate–H3 lactylation–DHCR7/CYP51A1 axis as a mechanistic target to counter metabolic immune evasion in CRC.

Li H, Hu J, Huang L et al. · The Journal of pathology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeting TP53 in triple-negative breast cancer: Molecular pathogenesis, therapeutic implications, and emerging pharmacological strategies.

This review summarized the molecular pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) driven by TP53 alterations and discussed therapeutic implications and emerging pharmacological strategies targeting mutant p53. It highlights that TP53 mutations occur in over 80% of TNBC cases and that mutant p53 can promote metastasis, genomic instability, and resistance to stresses such as ferroptosis through gain-of-function mechanisms. The scientific significance is to consolidate rationale for TP53-directed therapies in TNBC and to identify potential vulnerabilities for overcoming treatment resistance.

Karikalan B, Linn YH, Mok SL · Bulletin du cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

HIF1A+CSF3R+ neutrophils-dominated hypoxic niche induced metabolic reprogramming for neoadjuvant therapy resistance in NSCLC.

This study analyzed NSCLC patient samples undergoing neoadjuvant therapy using integrated spatial transcriptomics, single-cell transcriptomics, T-cell receptor repertoire sequencing, bulk RNA-seq, phosphoproteomics, and genomic data to define mechanisms of neoadjuvant resistance. The key finding is that an HIF1A+CSF3R+ neutrophils-dominated hypoxic niche drives metabolic reprogramming associated with resistance. Scientifically, it implicates hypoxia-driven neutrophil programs (HIF1A/CSF3R) as therapeutic targets to overcome metabolic resistance in NSCLC.

Zhou Y, Liu Z, Kaysar P et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Liquid biopsy: a new window on the BRCA genes.

This article discusses how liquid biopsy approaches can inform BRCA1/2 profiling in patients with BRCA-associated tumors, particularly as PARP inhibitors have expanded therapeutic indications. It highlights that current BRCA1/2 genetic/genomic detection tools have limitations and that shifting BRCA testing toward treatment workflows increases the need for more dynamic, clinically actionable assays. The scientific significance is that liquid biopsy could provide a more responsive window into BRCA-driven tumor biology to better guide PARP inhibitor use and overcome shortcomings of traditional testing.

Incorvaia L, Gristina V, Pepe F et al. · ESMO open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Berberine, a natural molecular glue degrader, overcomes CML resistance via TRIM28-mediated HIF1α ubiquitination and subsequent ferroptosis.

This study tested whether berberine (BBR), a natural molecular glue degrader, overcomes BCR-ABL1-independent chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) resistance by targeting HIF1α for TRIM28-mediated ubiquitination and ferroptosis. BBR directly bound HIF1α at E816, promoted TRIM28 interaction and K48-linked ubiquitination leading to HIF1α degradation, suppressed PDE4D to increase cAMP, activated the xCT axis to deplete glutathione, and thereby induced ferroptosis. The findings are clinically significant because they propose a mechanism-based strategy to treat resistant CML by exploiting elevated ROS vulnerability.

Su R, Xu R, Shi W et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiovascular Prevention & Lipid Management (ASCVD, dyslipidemia, LDL/ApoB)

Machine learning-driven spleen imaging and genomics uncover a splenic connection to coronary artery disease.

This study used deep learning–based machine learning on abdominal MRI to extract 107 splenic radiomic features and then linked spleen imaging/omics signals to coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in UK Biobank (42,059 participants) and an external validation cohort from Mass General Brigham Biobank (2,745 participants). It reports that specific splenic radiomic features were associated with CAD and that integrating imaging-derived features with genomics revealed a mechanistic “splenic connection” to CAD beyond traditional risk factors. These results are scientifically significant because they suggest the spleen and hematopoietic biology may be actionable targets or biomarkers for CAD risk stratification.

Kamineni M, Raghu V, Hua Z et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Revealing Causal Proteomic Signatures of Hypertension: Systematic Insights From Proteome-Wide Mendelian Randomization.

This proteome-wide Mendelian randomization study used protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) from three biobank-scale resources (deCODE, Fenland, and UKB-PPP) with SomaScan or Olink proteomic platforms to identify proteins causally associated with hypertension and blood pressure. It applied cross-platform validation and Bayesian colocalization to pinpoint proteins with shared causal variants underlying hypertension/BP risk (specific proteins and effect directions are truncated in the abstract). Scientifically, the approach helps move from association to causal inference in hypertension biology and prioritizes candidate proteins for mechanistic follow-up and potential drug targeting.

Mao Y, Jiang Y, Wu T et al. · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Fabry Disease: Observations From a Federated Research Network.

This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network to evaluate associations between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) exposure and cardiovascular outcomes in adults with Fabry disease (excluding type 1 diabetes) with eGFR ≥20 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients were stratified by SGLT2i exposure, and the primary composite outcome included all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, and acute or acute-on-chronic heart failure (results truncated in the abstract). The study addresses an evidence gap for SGLT2i use in Fabry disease and could inform risk management strategies for cardiovascular complications in this high-risk population.

Serio L, Rossi M, Askarinejad A et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Protosappanin A Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Regulating the MDM2/GPX4 Axis-Mediated Endothelial Ferroptosis.

This study tested whether protosappanin A (PTA) protects against atherosclerosis by modulating the MDM2/GPX4 axis to regulate endothelial ferroptosis in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. PTA reduced aortic plaque burden and improved serum lipids, while also alleviating endothelial injury consistent with inhibition of endothelial ferroptosis via the MDM2/GPX4 pathway. The results support PTA as a potential therapeutic candidate for preventing endothelial ferroptosis-driven progression of atherosclerosis.

Fu J, Zhu L, Yang W et al. · Phytotherapy research : PTR · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy and safety of add-on bempedoic acid on maximal dose of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe in patients with established coronary artery disease (ADDBEMPERE study).

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of adding bempedoic acid (BA) to maximal-dose rosuvastatin (40 mg) plus ezetimibe in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) who had LDL-C above target after combination therapy. In a post–coronary angioplasty cohort, BA was initiated when LDL-C remained >70 mg/dL despite stable rosuvastatin/ezetimibe, and follow-up outcomes were used to assess LDL-C target attainment and adverse events. The clinical significance is to inform whether BA provides additional LDL lowering and acceptable tolerability when patients are already on maximal statin plus ezetimibe.

Garg N, Jaiswal A, Kapoor A et al. · Journal of clinical lipidology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk in Midlife Women With Vasomotor Symptoms.

This JAMA Internal Medicine study estimated the effect of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on cardiovascular (CVD) risk among perimenopausal and recently postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms and assessed how timing relative to menopause and race/ethnicity modify risk. Using observational data from women with vasomotor symptoms, the analysis evaluated whether MHT timing and subgroup characteristics influence subsequent CVD outcomes. The clinical significance is that it addresses a key evidence gap for perimenopausal women, where hormonal fluctuations and symptom burden are greatest, and informs safer MHT decision-making.

Wang Z, Swanson SA, Brooks MM et al. · JAMA internal medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Top 10 Concepts in Secondary ASCVD Prevention From the 2026 ACC/AHA Dyslipidemia Guideline: What Is New and Why It Matters.

This narrative review summarized 10 practice-changing concepts from the 2026 ACC/AHA dyslipidemia guideline focused on secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The review highlights a shift from an LDL-C–centered approach to earlier, lower, longer, and more individualized lipid-lowering strategies, including attention to apolipoprotein B and residual risk despite high-intensity statins. These updates are clinically significant because they may change how clinicians intensify therapy to reduce recurrent ASCVD events in patients with established disease.

Siddiqi AK, Jacob J, Khan MS et al. · Current atherosclerosis reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Autoimmunity & Complement Pathways (kidney, hematologic, systemic)

Association of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors With Fournier Gangrene: A Disproportionality Analysis Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database.

This pharmacovigilance study analyzed the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER) to assess whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are associated with Fournier gangrene (FG) and to compare signals across drugs. Using disproportionality analysis of 914,713 adverse event reports (5,770 involving SGLT2 inhibitors), it found the strongest association signal for empagliflozin (reporting odds ratio 78.62) and a higher FG risk in male patients than female patients. The clinical significance is that it quantifies relative FG risk signals by specific SGLT2 inhibitor, informing prescriber awareness and patient monitoring.

Sun X, Wang L, Li G et al. · American journal of therapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Management of Multiple Sclerosis During Pregnancy and the Reproductive Years in 2026: An Expert Clinical Review.

This expert clinical review synthesized evidence to guide multiple sclerosis (MS) management in women during pregnancy and reproductive years, focusing on the use of MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) around conception, pregnancy, and lactation. The key contribution is an updated, evidence-ranked set of clinical recommendations derived from a systematic literature search (PubMed, LactMed, ClinicalTrials.gov) to replace earlier 2014 guidance. Clinically, it helps clinicians and patients make safer, more consistent DMT decisions during reproductive planning and pregnancy.

Balshi A, Dobson R, Houtchens M et al. · American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparative efficacy of single-cycle intravenous efgartigimod versus intravenous immunoglobulin in generalized myasthenia gravis patients receiving concomitant immunosuppressive therapy.

In a real-world comparative cohort of 51 patients with moderate-to-severe generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) receiving concomitant immunosuppressive therapy, investigators compared single-cycle intravenous efgartigimod versus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) over 6 months. Efgartigimod achieved a higher rate of minimal symptom expression without intensive immunotherapy at month 1 (42.3% vs 12.0%) and showed greater improvements in subsequent outcomes through 6 months. This is clinically significant because it provides comparative effectiveness and safety evidence for efgartigimod beyond the first month in patients already on background immunosuppression.

Liu H, Wen X, Wang Y et al. · Neuromuscular disorders : NMD · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Complement targeting in autoimmune diseases.

This review summarizes complement-targeting mechanisms and emerging biomarker and therapeutic strategies across hematological, systemic, and kidney-specific autoimmune diseases, focusing on newer inhibitors beyond C5 blockade. It reports that complement inhibition has expanded to initiation pathways, including sutimlimab (anti-C1s) for cold agglutinin disease and pegcetacoplan (C3 inhibition), among other agents. The significance is that targeting different complement nodes may improve disease control and enable more tailored patient selection using biomarkers.

Vasilev V, Petkova M, Radanova M et al. · Current opinion in hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Anti-PLA2R autoantibodies induce complement activation via IgG subclass-dependent epitope pairings in membranous nephropathy.

This study investigated how patient-derived anti-PLA2R autoantibodies activate complement at podocytes in membranous nephropathy, focusing on IgG subclass-dependent epitope pairing. Cloned anti-PLA2R monoclonal antibodies mainly recognized PLA2R N-terminal cysteine-rich (CysR) and C-type lectin domain 1 (CTLD1) regions, and individual antibodies induced little complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of PLA2R-expressing podocytes in vitro. The significance is that it supports a model where specific IgG subclass combinations and epitope pairings are required for effective complement activation, refining mechanistic understanding of MN pathogenesis.

Wu TY, Tu KH, Seifert L et al. · The Journal of clinical investigation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Solid Tumor Therapeutics & Sequencing (ADC/bsAb, bladder, lung, breast, prostate, SCLC, etc.)

Next-generation antibody-based therapeutics in cancer: antibody-drug conjugates bispecific antibodies across hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.

This narrative review summarized advances in next-generation antibody-based cancer therapeutics, focusing on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) across hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. It highlights clinical progress such as trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2-low breast cancer and discusses emerging ADC targets (e.g., TROP2, CLDN18.2, B7-H3, HER3) and bispecific constructs including T-cell–engaging CD20×CD3 and BCMA×CD3 (details truncated). The review is significant for mapping the rapidly expanding therapeutic landscape and guiding translational development of new targets and formats.

Lou J, Lyu Y · Journal of hematology & oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gemcitabine-Cisplatin Chemotherapy Induces Nectin-4 Downregulation and Enfortumab Vedotin Resistance in Bladder Cancer.

This study examined whether gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy alters sensitivity to the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV) in bladder cancer using patient-derived models and in vitro selection for acquired GC resistance. GC-resistance led to downregulation of the EV target Nectin-4 and produced EV cross-resistance, with reduced membranous Nectin-4 expression validated in independent patient-derived samples. These findings suggest that prior GC therapy may induce Nectin-4 loss and EV resistance, informing sequencing and biomarker strategies for advanced bladder cancer.

Nössing C, Prantl I, Grausenburger R et al. · European urology oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Camrelizumab plus nimotuzumab as second-line therapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter phase II study.

In a multicenter, single-arm phase II study, patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who progressed after first-line therapy (including prior immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure) received camrelizumab plus nimotuzumab. The study’s key finding (as reported in the abstract) is the efficacy and safety profile of camrelizumab 200 mg every 2 weeks combined with nimotuzumab 400 mg weekly, along with exploratory biomarker correlates tied to response. Clinically, this evaluates a potential second-line regimen for a high-need population with limited post-ICI options and may identify biomarkers to guide future treatment selection.

Xia J, Meng X, Jiang G et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cancer-associated fibroblast-enriched TAGLN orchestrates HGF/c-MET-dependent transcriptional reprogramming in gastric cancer.

This work investigated gastric cancer progression by identifying stromal factors using integrated transcriptomic analyses and then validating functionally in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and gastric cancer cells. The key finding is that fibroblast-enriched TAGLN promotes HGF production via NF-κB activation, which activates the paracrine HGF/c-MET axis to drive malignant phenotypes, including downstream DDX5 phosphorylation at Tyr595. These results position the TAGLN→HGF/c-MET signaling circuit as a potential stromal-tumor therapeutic target in gastric cancer.

Li Q, Yang J, Cao L et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer Immunotherapy & Tumor Microenvironment (T cells, CAR T, IEC toxicity)

Intratumoral T cell activation kills tumors regardless of T cell specificity.

The study investigated how intratumoral activation of bystander T cells can eliminate tumors without tumor-specific TCRαβ+ recognition in mouse and human melanoma models. Key findings showed that paracrine activation of unexhausted bystander non-tumor-specific T cells within tumors triggers recruitment of innate immune cells and induces tumoricidal caspase-dependent death driven by interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, and nitric oxide, bypassing conventional TCR-dependent mechanisms. This suggests a therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy that leverages local T cell activation to engage innate effector pathways even when tumor-specific T cells are absent.

Ghirardelli Smith OC, Dao TT, Gavil NV et al. · Nature immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

ASTCT Consensus Grading for Toxicities after Immune Effector Cell Therapy.

This consensus article from ASTCT reviewed and updated grading criteria for toxicities associated with immune effector cell therapy (IEC), focusing on cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and IEC-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and extending recognition to other IEC class effects. It provides standardized definitions and severity grading to harmonize reporting across clinical trials and guide treatment algorithms, including newly recognized entities such as IEC-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome (IEC-HS) and non-ICANS attributable neurotoxicity. The clinical significance is improved consistency in toxicity assessment and management for patients receiving CAR T-cell and other IEC therapies.

Perales MA, Dietrich J, Gust J et al. · Transplantation and cellular therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screens identify FOXR1 as a suppressor of CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity.

Using an in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screen in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, the study identified FOXR1 as a suppressor of CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity. FOXR1 loss enhanced cytokine production and cytotoxic capacity in both murine and human CD8+ T cells, while FOXR1 overexpression impaired effector programs. Mechanistically, multi-omics integration (RNA-seq, CUT&Tag-seq, ATAC-seq) showed FOXR1 binds regulatory DNA elements to repress effector transcription, positioning FOXR1 as a candidate target to boost immunotherapy responses.

Yang X, Ouyang H, Xu H et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Autologous Glypican-3-Targeted, Armored CAR T Cells in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of TAK-102.

This phase 1 dose-escalation study tested autologous TAK-102, a glypican-3 (GPC3)-targeted armored CAR T cell product engineered to co-express IL-7 and CCL19, in 11 patients with GPC3+ advanced solid tumors refractory or intolerant to standard therapy. A single infusion of TAK-102 was administered after leukapheresis and lymphodepletion chemotherapy across three dose levels, with the trial assessing safety and early clinical activity. The study is significant because it evaluates a next-generation solid-tumor CAR T design aimed at improving T-cell survival and trafficking in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Kuboki Y, Koyama T, Ikeda M et al. · Cancer immunology research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Atomistic TCR-pMHC interactions bias CD8 memory fate within a single antigen-specific repertoire.

This study analyzed how atomistic TCR–pMHC interaction properties bias CD8 memory fate within a single influenza NP366-374/H-2Db–specific murine TCR repertoire, integrating single-cell transcriptomics, paired TCR sequencing, structural/biophysical force-dependent measurements, and in vivo retrogenic validation. Individual TCR clonotypes mapped to distinct memory outcomes (central memory, effector memory, or bipolar transcriptional states) despite shared antigen specificity and inflammatory context. These results are significant for understanding how quantitative TCR–pMHC mechanics shape memory differentiation, informing vaccine and immunotherapy strategies that target durable CD8 responses.

Akitsu A, Tan K, Mallis RJ et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Parkinson Disease: Biomarkers, Exposures, and Progression

Phosphorylation of α-synuclein directs trafficking of the v-SNARE synaptobrevin-2.

This study investigated how phosphorylation of α-synuclein regulates presynaptic trafficking of the v-SNARE synaptobrevin-2 (VAMP2) in neuronal cultures. The authors identified activity-dependent phosphorylation sites on α-synuclein (Ser42 and Thr81) and used molecular replacement by expressing α-synuclein phosphovariants in neurons from α-synuclein knockout mice to test phospho-dependent effects on synaptobrevin-2 trafficking. The scientific significance is defining a phosphorylation-based mechanism for α-synuclein’s normal presynaptic role, which may inform how dysregulation contributes to Parkinson’s disease.

Arvell EH, Carroll JP, Melland H et al. · The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Common MC1R Variants and Parkinson Disease Progression.

This longitudinal cohort study tested whether melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) loss-of-function variants are associated with accelerated Parkinson disease (PD) progression using the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort and replication cohorts from three US-based multicenter randomized clinical trials (SURE-PD). MC1R loss-of-function variants were linked to faster PD progression compared with individuals without such variants. The results suggest MC1R-mediated pathways involving oxidative stress may contribute to PD trajectory and could inform risk stratification or mechanistic research.

Schumacher JG, Zhang X, Wang J et al. · JAMA neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Smoking, Exhaled Carbon Monoxide, and Risk of Parkinson Disease.

This nationwide prospective cohort study in the China Kadoorie Biobank examined whether exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels are associated with risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD) among 512,724 adults aged 30–79 years. Exhaled CO was evaluated as a mechanistic exposure related to smoking and oxidative/inflammatory pathways potentially influencing PD risk. If confirmed, exhaled CO could serve as an objective biomarker linking smoking-related exposures to PD susceptibility.

Bueno Lopez C, Iona A, Turnbull I et al. · JAMA neurology · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis, IBD epidemiology, MASLD/IBD overlap not implied)

Personalised prediction of the individual risk of liver-related events in MASLD using the dynamics of non-invasive tests.

This international multicentre cohort study used vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) liver stiffness measurements (LSM) in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to predict liver-related events (LRE). The key finding is that modeling the dynamics of non-invasive fibrosis tests with a joint latent class model (JLC) enables personalized prediction of LRE, defined as cirrhosis decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma. Scientifically and clinically, it improves risk stratification during follow-up and supports more tailored monitoring and intervention strategies in MASLD.

Moreau C, Roux M, Riou J et al. · Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Influence of socioeconomic development on incidence and disease phenotype in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based incident study across 16 regions.

This prospective population-based incident study across 16 regions in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East examined how socioeconomic development relates to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence and disease phenotype. The key finding is the quantified association between IBD incidence rate ratios and socioeconomic indices (including Human Development Index, Socio-demographic Index, subnational HDI, and urban population percentage) using Poisson regression and mixed-effects models. Public-health significance lies in clarifying how development-related factors may shape IBD epidemiology and clinical presentation in newly industrialized settings.

Mak JWY, Ho AHY, Chan AKW et al. · Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Sinusoidal endothelial cells orchestrate liver inflammation and lipid metabolism via USP12/CD36 axis being the target of celastrol therapy.

Using a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD) mouse model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), this study tested whether celastrol (Cel) directly improves hepatic inflammation and lipid metabolism and identified the relevant cellular target. The key finding is that celastrol ameliorates steatohepatitis and that the USP12/CD36 axis in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells is a target mediating these effects. Therapeutically, it suggests celastrol—or strategies targeting USP12/CD36 in sinusoidal endothelial cells—could be developed for MASH treatment.

Hua H, Zhu W, Sun L et al. · Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Comparative Cost-Effectiveness of Advanced Treatment Sequences for Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis in Japan.

This study used a hybrid decision-tree and Markov model to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of advanced treatment sequences for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) in Japan from the payer perspective. It compared clinically relevant sequences that include induction and maintenance phases to determine which strategy provides better value over time. The findings are intended to guide evidence-based sequencing of advanced UC therapies in the Japanese healthcare setting.

Kamei K, Enami M, Matsuda H et al. · Advances in therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Atopic Dermatitis: Risk Stratification & Treatment Safety

Dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease in atopic dermatitis: a large prospective cohort study from the BioDay registry.

In a prospective monocenter cohort from the BioDay registry, adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab were followed with ophthalmologic and dermatologic assessments at baseline, week 4, and week 28. The key finding is the frequency and severity of dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease (DAOSD), including how ophthalmic treatments affect DAOSD and how dupilumab influences conjunctival goblet cells. Clinically, this large prospective dataset helps anticipate and manage ocular complications in dupilumab-treated atopic dermatitis patients.

Veldhuis N, Achten RE, van Luijk CM et al. · American journal of ophthalmology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multimodal protective and susceptibility clusters in paediatric atopic dermatitis: A machine learning-based, data-driven observational study.

This machine learning-based observational study analyzed multimodal protective versus susceptibility clusters of atopic dermatitis (AD) in AmaXhosa children in South Africa, leveraging pediatric clinical and immunologic/environmental data. The authors identified data-driven AD subgroups that differ in protective and susceptibility patterns, consistent with alternative pathogenic and immune mechanisms shaped by environmental exposures. These cluster definitions can improve risk stratification and guide more targeted AD prevention and management strategies in African pediatric populations.

Zhakparov D, Lunjani N, Schmid M et al. · PLoS medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Infectious Disease: Host-Directed Immunity & Antiviral/Antimalarial Mechanisms

Risk factors for hospital admission and mortality in patients with influenza virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed observational studies (2000–Oct 30, 2025) in patients with laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza to identify risk factors for hospital admission and all-cause mortality. Across diverse settings, it synthesized baseline predictors of severe outcomes to estimate pooled associations for admission and death. These findings support updates to WHO influenza clinical guidelines by clarifying which patient characteristics most strongly stratify risk for hospitalization and mortality.

Gao Y, Liu M, Uyeki TM et al. · The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Safety and efficacy of vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor in children with cystic fibrosis aged 2-5 years (TIMBERLINE Trial VX21-121-105): a phase 3, open-label study.

In the phase 3, single-arm, open-label TIMBERLINE Trial VX21-121-105, investigators evaluated the safety and efficacy of the CFTR modulator combination vanzacaftor–tezacaftor–deutivacaftor in children aged 2–5 years with cystic fibrosis. The study’s key results (from a 22-day pharmacokinetic/safety-and-tolerability part A and subsequent efficacy part B) demonstrated the regimen’s clinical performance and tolerability in this younger age group. This is scientifically significant because it extends CFTR modulator evidence to preschool children, informing dosing and risk–benefit decisions earlier in life.

Rayment JH, Davies G, Gaffin JM et al. · The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

Global hospital admission and case fatality risks among patients with influenza virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compiled observational data (2000–Oct 30, 2025) across global populations to estimate baseline hospital admission risk and case fatality among patients with seasonal, pandemic, or zoonotic influenza. It produced pooled, geography-spanning estimates of admission and death risk that can be compared across influenza types and settings. Clinically, these baseline risk estimates help clinicians and public health agencies plan capacity and interpret severity during outbreaks and guideline updates.

Gao Y, Liu M, Numata K et al. · The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

IL-22 promotes the establishment of chronic gammaherpesvirus infection by supporting the germinal center response.

This PLoS Pathogens study investigated how interleukin-22 (IL-22) influences establishment of chronic gammaherpesvirus infection by supporting germinal center responses, focusing on host immune mechanisms relevant to EBV and KSHV. The key finding is that IL-22 promotes the germinal center program that expands the latent viral reservoir, thereby facilitating chronic infection in memory B cells. The significance is that IL-22–germinal center coupling identifies a potential host-target pathway to limit lifelong gammaherpesvirus persistence.

Majeed ST, Bradford SM, Jondle CN · PLoS pathogens · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

PRMT3 restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by disrupting the interaction between VAPA and the viral nucleocapsid protein.

This study examined the role of protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) in restricting porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) replication by disrupting the interaction between VAPA and the viral nucleocapsid protein. Using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library screening and follow-up mechanistic assays in LLC-PK1, IPEC-J2, and primary porcine intestinal epithelial cells, it found that PRMT3 knockout or inhibition enhanced PEDV infection. The scientific significance is that PRMT3-mediated host restriction via VAPA–nucleocapsid interference represents a potential antiviral target for PEDV.

Wu HY, Zhong SY, Qi AS et al. · PLoS pathogens · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dual plasmepsin IX and X inhibitors are refractory to development of resistance.

This PLoS Pathogens study tested whether dual plasmepsin IX and X inhibitors (PMIX/X) and plasmepsin X–selective inhibitors can develop resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. In vitro selection experiments showed a high barrier to resistance for the compounds, although parasites with reduced sensitivity to PMX-selective inhibitors could still be selected. The significance is that PMIX/X inhibitor strategies may be more robust against resistance emergence than PMX-selective approaches, supporting their continued antimalarial development.

Favuzza P, Dans MG, Su W et al. · PLoS pathogens · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TKL3 regulates blood-stage fitness, male gamete fertility, and transmission-stage development in Plasmodium berghei.

This study investigated the function of the tyrosine kinase-like protein TKL3 in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei across blood and transmission stages. Targeted disruption of the TKL3 gene impaired asexual blood-stage growth, reduced male gamete fertility, and compromised ookinete development. The significance is that TKL3 is a stage-spanning regulator of parasite fitness and transmission, making it a potential target for malaria intervention.

Shukla H, Nirdosh, Mishra S · PLoS pathogens · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TRIM21 blocks DDX3X-driven stress granule formation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection via a non-canonical E3 ligase mechanism.

The study investigated how the host E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 affects Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, using human TB transcriptomic correlations, TRIM21-deficient macrophages, and a murine TB model. TRIM21 deficiency suppressed Mtb growth and TRIM21 limited host resistance via a non-canonical mechanism that physically interacts with the RNA helicase DDX3X and disrupts stress granule formation. This identifies TRIM21–DDX3X as a potential host-directed immunomodulatory axis for controlling TB progression.

Xu R, Lu M, Wang G et al. · PLoS pathogens · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The 4EHP/GIGYF2 translation repressor complex is co-opted by the vaccinia virus K3L protein as a potential mechanism of immunoevasion.

The authors studied vaccinia virus immunoevasion by testing whether the viral K3L protein co-opts the host 4EHP/GIGYF2 translation repressor complex. They found that K3L interacts with 4EHP through GIGYF2 to stabilize the 4EHP/GIGYF2 complex and thereby enhance mRNA translation repression. This reveals a conserved host-targeting strategy that poxviruses use to suppress antiviral protein synthesis.

Ladak RJ, Pelin A, Zhuang H et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Kidney Stones & Renal Microbiome/Metabolism

Hippuric acid metabolism by Corynebacteriumglucuronolyticum-like bacteria promotes calcium oxalate crystallization.

The study combined urinary microbiome profiling of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone patients with in vivo and in vitro experiments to determine how Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum-like bacteria influence crystallization. It identified hippuric acid (HA) as an anti-crystallization metabolite that is degraded by these bacteria via an HA hydrolase, thereby promoting CaOx crystal nucleation and aggregation. This is clinically important because it links a specific microbial metabolic pathway to nephrolithiasis risk and suggests potential targets for prevention.

Qi K, Wu H, Yan S et al. · Cell host & microbe · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Maternal & Infant Vaccines (RSV and beyond)

Rationale and Study Design of the GUIDANCE trial: A Multicenter Phase II Trial of Maintenance Durvalumab and Olaparib After Standard Fist Line Treatment (Carboplatin/Cisplatin, Etoposide, and Durvalumab) in HRD Positive Extensive Disease (ED) Small-cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) (AIO-TRK-0124/ass).

The GUIDANCE trial design paper outlines a multicenter phase II study evaluating maintenance durvalumab plus olaparib after standard first-line treatment (carboplatin/cisplatin, etoposide, and durvalumab) in HRD-positive extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The rationale is based on combining immune checkpoint blockade with PARP inhibition (olaparib) to exploit homologous recombination deficiency and potential synergy. This is significant because it targets a biomarker-defined strategy (HRD) to improve durability of responses in a setting where current PD-L1 inhibitor benefits are modest.

Riedel R, Verheyen M, Michels S et al. · Clinical lung cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1345 revaccination at least 12 months following primary vaccination with a licensed protein subunit RSV vaccine.

This phase 3, open-label trial evaluated safety and immunogenicity of revaccination with the RSV vaccine mRNA-1345 in adults aged ≥60 years at least 12 months after primary vaccination with a licensed protein subunit RSV vaccine. Revaccination was well tolerated with no safety concerns and produced robust increases in RSV-A and RSV-B neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers by Day 29. Clinically, the results support heterologous mRNA-1345 revaccination as a strategy to restore RSV immunity in older adults.

Desai M, Cardona J, Khetan S et al. · Vaccine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

RSV Bivalent Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Pregnancy and Protection Against RSV-Associated Illness in Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated real-world effectiveness of the RSV bivalent prefusion F protein vaccine (RSVpreF) given during pregnancy in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. Across studies published between 2020 and January 2026, RSVpreF in pregnancy was associated with reduced RSV-associated LRTI risk in early infancy. These findings support the clinical effectiveness of maternal RSVpreF vaccination for protecting infants during the highest-risk early-life period.

Batool R, Wang R, Obeid H et al. · JAMA pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Viral Vaccines & Antigen Design (HSV/RSV/JE diagnostics targets)

A target product profile and roadmap for Japanese encephalitis diagnostics in endemic areas in the context of other flaviviruses.

This work developed a target product profile (TPP) for Japanese encephalitis (JE) diagnostics in endemic Asia-Pacific settings, using expert scoping review inputs, WHO/Encephalitis International resources, and a Delphi consensus process. The study produced a structured diagnostic TPP roadmap that specifies desired characteristics for JE tests designed to perform in the context of other co-circulating flaviviruses. Such consensus-driven targets can accelerate development and evaluation of JE diagnostics that improve patient management and public health surveillance.

Bharucha T, Stokes L, Anane-Amponsah D et al. · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Structure-based design of soluble prefusion-stabilized herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein B antigens.

This structure-based design study engineered soluble prefusion-stabilized HSV-2 glycoprotein B (gB) antigens and determined their conformations using cryo-EM. A 2.8 Å cryo-EM structure revealed a closed prefusion gB state distinct from previously reported open states, and vaccination with prefusion-stabilized protein subunits or mRNA encoding pre-/postfusion variants elicited robust humoral and cellular immunity in mice. The work is significant because it advances HSV-2 vaccine antigen design by stabilizing the prefusion form that is expected to better focus protective immune responses.

Sponholtz MR, Ma DY, Ndashimye E et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Transfusion Strategies in Critical Care (TBI and related)

Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Secondary Analysis of the TRAIN Trial.

This preplanned secondary analysis of the Transfusion Strategies in Acute Brain Injured Patients (TRAIN) randomized clinical trial compared restrictive versus liberal red blood cell transfusion hemoglobin (Hb) thresholds in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The analysis identified which transfusion strategy (based on Hb threshold) was associated with more favorable neurological outcomes. Clinically, defining the better Hb trigger for transfusion in TBI can improve bedside transfusion decisions and potentially neurological recovery.

Zernini IS, Faso C, Rynkowski CB et al. · JAMA network open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Generated automatically on September 10, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.