PubMed Trending Research Digest — September 14, 2026

A curated digest of 97 trending PubMed articles, automatically categorised and summarised across 20 research areas.

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Clinical prediction models and decision support (AI/ML, risk scores, diagnostic algorithms) Cancer immunotherapy biomarkers, resistance, and sequencing Autoimmune/inflammatory disease therapeutics and biomarkers (incl. IBD, Sjögren’s, AD/HS/Darier) Mechanism-guided therapy in monogenic/inherited disease Sports medicine rehabilitation and recovery optimization GLP-1/GIP incretin therapies: efficacy, discontinuation, and emerging roles (incl. dermatology) Infectious disease models, surveillance, and public health interventions Cancer cell/tumor microenvironment immunometabolism and immune remodeling Aging, frailty, and disability trajectories in chronic disease Targeted oncology therapeutics and drug delivery platforms (incl. ADC/BsADC/radioligands/AAV/LNP) Surgical techniques and perioperative infection prevention (incl. NOSES, arthroplasty) Hematology and coagulation therapeutics (hemophilia, thrombosis) Omics-driven biomarkers and mechanistic targets (oxidative stress, sleep, etc.) Exercise prescription and musculoskeletal training outcomes Neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity/neuroprotection Cardiovascular disease as a modifier of neurodegeneration risk MASLD/MASH biomarkers, staging, and immunometabolic mechanisms Metformin and diabetes complications (renal/nephropathy) in real-world data Cardiac critical care and tachyarrhythmia management (case reports/protocols) Adoptive cell therapy and engineered immune cell platforms

Automated digest · 97 articles · 20 research areas · September 14, 2026

Overview

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Clinical prediction models and decision support (AI/ML, risk scores, diagnostic algorithms)

Clinical usability of an explainable AI decision support tool and evaluation of multimodal models in NSCLC.

This study evaluated an explainable AI decision support tool (I3LUNG, NCT05537922) and compared multimodal fusion strategies in a real-world international cohort of 2,396 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Key findings reported that blood-only machine learning and deep learning models achieved consistent performance, while multimodal early/ intermediate fusion approaches using clinical data, blood data, CT images, digital pathology, and genomics improved predictive performance for immunotherapy treatment selection. These results support clinically usable, explainable multimodal AI for NSCLC immunotherapy decision-making beyond PD-L1 and conventional clinical subgroup scores.

Prelaj A, Miskovic V, Sacco M et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Differentiating hypothalamic from pituitary adrenal insufficiency: underlying causes and diagnostic utility of the corticotropin-releasing hormone and growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 stimulation tests.

This retrospective Japanese study assessed when insulin tolerance testing (ITT) is needed in addition to the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test to distinguish hypothalamic versus pituitary secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) in 69 patients who underwent both tests. The authors found that among SAI cases, a cortisol level ≥18 μg/dL during CRH testing indicated hypothalamic SAI, whereas <18 μg/dL indicated pituitary SAI, with ITT required to identify hypothalamic dysfunction in specific clinical conditions. Clinically, this provides a practical diagnostic algorithm to reduce unnecessary ITT use while improving localization of SAI etiology.

Okada N, Nakagawa T, Murahashi N et al. · Endocrine journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Predicting early psychiatric readmission among people with major depressive disorder: A machine learning analysis from the prospective multicentre DEEP READ study.

This prospective multicentre DEEP READ study used machine learning to predict early psychiatric readmission among adults aged 18–65 years with DSM-5-TR major depressive disorder (MDD) enrolled across 13 Italian provinces. The key finding (as reported in the abstract) is that routinely collected clinical information can be leveraged by ML models to identify individuals at higher risk of unplanned psychiatric readmission within 90 days after discharge. This supports ML-based risk stratification to target follow-up and reduce avoidable readmissions in MDD care pathways.

Bartoli F, Luciano M, Crocamo C et al. · Journal of affective disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cochlear Implant Electrode Impedances: A 5-Year Study.

This retrospective 5-year cohort study measured cochlear implant electrode impedances in 79 cochlear implant recipients (136 implanted ears) using intraoperative and 1- and 5-year impedance testing across 12 electrodes. The key finding was that apical electrodes (1–4) showed stable impedance over time, while middle and basal electrodes exhibited significant impedance increases over the 5-year period. These longitudinal impedance patterns improve understanding of electrode–tissue interface dynamics and may guide long-term monitoring and programming strategies in cochlear implant patients.

Sharaf R, Saleh S, Abdelsamad Y et al. · The journal of international advanced otology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TurboID-based proteomic profiling reveals proxitome of the IRT1 metal transporter and new insight into IRT1 endocytosis.

This plant cell study used TurboID-based proximity labeling to map the “proxitome” of the Arabidopsis thaliana Iron Regulated Transporter1 (IRT1) and to gain insight into IRT1 endocytosis. It focused on IRT1, a multi-pass transmembrane root iron transporter, and aimed to overcome challenges of applying proximity labeling to hydrophobic membrane proteins to identify protein-protein interactions near IRT1. The significance is that it can reveal mechanistic regulators of IRT1 trafficking and metal homeostasis, informing how plants control iron uptake and respond to non-iron metal cues.

Pellegrin L, Fanara S, Fabre B et al. · The New phytologist · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Current state of research and future developments of artificial intelligence in pain diagnosis and treatment.

This review assessed the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) research for pain diagnosis and treatment, focusing on how AI can improve objective assessment and precision care for chronic pain. It highlighted three main directions: multimodal AI for pain state quantification (e.g., facial expressions, voice, physiological signals), AI for image analysis, and related future developments in pain medicine. The significance is that it consolidates evidence and research priorities that could accelerate translation of AI tools into more reliable, scalable pain diagnostics and interventions.

Yang Z, Li L, Bo S et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Preclinical development of ABL206, a novel bispecific antibody-drug conjugate targeting B7-H3 and ROR1.

This preclinical study developed ABL206 (NEOK001), a bispecific antibody-drug conjugate engineered in a 2+2 format and site-specifically conjugated with the exatecan-based payload tavatecan using GlycoConnect® technology, targeting B7-H3 and ROR1. ABL206 showed dual antigen binding, internalization, target-dependent cytotoxicity, and bystander killing in vitro, with a homogeneous DAR of 4. Scientifically, it supports ABL206 as a next-generation BsADC strategy for solid tumors that co-express B7-H3 and ROR1.

Kwon JA, Lee S, Kim J et al. · mAbs · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Deep learning-based CT model for non-invasive prediction of tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer: a multicenter study with prospective validation in an immunochemotherapy cohort.

This multicenter study developed and prospectively validated a deep learning–based CT model to noninvasively predict tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) status in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), including surgical cohorts and an immunochemotherapy cohort. The model’s predicted TLS status was evaluated for prognostic and predictive value across surgical, non-surgical, and prospective settings. Scientifically and clinically, it provides a noninvasive imaging biomarker approach to stratify PDAC patients by TLS-associated immune microenvironment features relevant to immunotherapy response.

Yu H, Li X, Cheng X et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Development of a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction risk prediction score in primary care settings with a high HIV prevalence.

This study developed a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) risk prediction score for primary care settings using data from the Prevalence and Phenotype of HIV-HFpEF in South Africa cohort, which included 1508 adults aged ≥40 years (1008 people with HIV on ART ≥1 year and 500 people without HIV). It used logistic regression models to create a practical HFpEF risk tool that accounts for HIV-related risk in addition to conventional predictors. Clinically, the resulting score aims to improve early identification of HFpEF in high-HIV-prevalence primary care populations where specialist imaging and expertise may be limited.

Honwana F, Wolfson J, Ahmed AM et al. · Open heart · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Estimated pulse wave velocity and CKM stage4 among middle-aged and older population: insights from 3 prospective cohorts.

This analysis of harmonized data from three prospective aging cohorts—US Health and Retirement Study (HRS), English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)—studied whether baseline estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) predicts incident cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) stage 4 in 22,530 middle-aged and older participants. Using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression, the study estimated the longitudinal association between higher ePWV and development of CKM stage 4. If ePWV reliably forecasts CKM stage 4, it could enable accessible screening for an advanced systemic disorder across diverse populations.

Ping Z, Jie L, Liguo Z et al. · Diabetes research and clinical practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Long-term safety and efficacy of vornorexant in Japanese patients with insomnia: A 52-week open-label, randomized trial.

This multicenter, randomized, open-label trial evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of vornorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, in Japanese adults with insomnia over up to 52 weeks. Patients receiving vornorexant 5 mg or 10 mg showed sustained efficacy for sleep onset and maintenance with an acceptable safety profile, including monitoring for adverse events, withdrawal symptoms, and rebound insomnia. These results strengthen the evidence base for prolonged vornorexant use in Japanese clinical practice for chronic insomnia management.

Uchimura N, Kambe D, Hasegawa S et al. · Sleep medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical benefit without sweat chloride response after ETI therapy in an adult with cystic fibrosis bearing the L467F;F508del complex CFTR allele: a case report and the role of AI-assisted chest CT in longitudinal monitoring.

This case report studied an adult with cystic fibrosis carrying the complex CFTR allele L467F;F508del and evaluated clinical response to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) despite discordant expectations based on sweat chloride and ex vivo functional assays. The key finding was that the patient showed clinical benefit without a corresponding sweat chloride response during long-term ETI therapy, indicating a mismatch between biomarker response and real-world clinical outcomes for this genotype. The report supports using additional monitoring approaches (including AI-assisted chest CT longitudinal assessment) when CFTR modulator responsiveness is uncertain for rare or complex alleles.

Kreslova M, Caudri D, Sermet-Gaudelus I et al. · Frontiers in medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Six-factor-based stratification system for enfortumab vedotin monotherapy in pre-treated patients with metastatic or locally advanced urothelial carcinoma.

This retrospective prognostic study analyzed 387 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with enfortumab vedotin (EV) monotherapy to develop a six-factor stratification system for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The key finding was that six baseline factors (identified via Cox regression) stratified patients for both PFS and OS, with median PFS and OS of 7.6 and 14.6 months, respectively. This provides a practical risk model to guide prognosis and potentially treatment selection for pre-treated la/m urothelial carcinoma patients receiving EV.

Matsushita Y, Taguchi S, Naiki T et al. · World journal of urology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Generation of eight-cell embryo-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells.

This Nature Protocols paper described a transgene-free method to generate totipotent eight-cell (8C) embryo-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells, aiming to model the human eight-cell stage when zygotic genome activation occurs. The key finding was the establishment of a controllable protocol to produce 8C embryo-like cells without transgenes, enabling access to totipotent-like states for research without using embryos. This is significant for advancing human developmental biology studies of totipotency and early embryogenesis while addressing ethical and material constraints.

Mazid MA, Li Y, Zhao M et al. · Nature protocols · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer immunotherapy biomarkers, resistance, and sequencing

Adjuvant Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Stage IB-IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Exploratory 8-year Overall Survival Landmark Update from the ADAURA Trial [161/175].

This post hoc exploratory landmark update analyzed long-term overall survival after adjuvant treatment completion in 682 randomized patients with resected EGFR-mutated stage IB–IIIA NSCLC from the ADAURA trial comparing osimertinib versus placebo. The key finding was that overall survival benefits of adjuvant osimertinib persisted over extended follow-up even after treatment completion, with updated survival data collected through 2026. Scientifically and clinically, it strengthens the durability of adjuvant osimertinib for EGFR-driven early-stage NSCLC and informs long-term expectations for patients and clinicians.

Wu YL, Majem M, John T et al. · Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clonotypic characterization defines B-cell drivers of clonal expansion and intratumor heterogeneity in IgM monoclonal gammopathies.

This study investigated B-cell clonal expansion and intratumor heterogeneity in IgM monoclonal gammopathies (IgM MGUS, smoldering Waldenström macroglobulinemia [SWM], and symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia [WM]) using integrative single-cell RNA sequencing, B-cell receptor (BCR) sequencing, ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin), and whole-genome sequencing. It found that IgM MGUS and low- or intermediate-risk SWM harbored multiple B-cell clones compared with WM, and it implicated specific gene candidates (e.g., CD9, JCHAIN, RASSF6, DUSP22) in the clonotypic architecture. The findings are clinically important because they refine how clonal drivers evolve across disease stages and may help identify molecular targets linked to progression and heterogeneity in WM-spectrum disorders.

Moreno DF, Nadeu F, Casado-Peláez M et al. · HemaSphere · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immunotherapy With Anti-PD-1 Versus Anti-PD-L1 in SCLC: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis.

This retrospective comparative study enrolled 171 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treated from January 2016 to June 2023 to compare outcomes of anti–PD-1 versus anti–PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, with follow-up through June 30, 2024. It reported that among patients receiving immunotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy, median overall survival was 48.3 months with anti–PD-1–based therapy versus 25.2 months in the anti–PD-L1 group (with safety also assessed). The clinical significance is that it provides real-world evidence to guide selection between anti–PD-1 and anti–PD-L1 strategies in SCLC treatment planning.

Yang R, Gan J, Yang L et al. · MedComm · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sequencing CD19-targeted therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma: A narrative review.

This narrative review examined how sequencing CD19-targeted therapies—including CD19 CAR-T, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates—affects outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma. It highlights that prior exposure to the same CD19 antigen can influence subsequent response, with limited comparative data directly addressing optimal treatment order. Clinically, the review underscores the need for evidence-based sequencing strategies to maximize efficacy and manage antigen-related resistance in R/R large B-cell lymphoma.

Caimi PF, Danesi R, Iacoboni G et al. · Blood reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tumor cell-expressed OX40L enhances the efficacy of PD-1 axis blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.

This study investigated how tumor-cell–expressed OX40L modulates sensitivity to PD-1 axis blockade in advanced PD-L1–high non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using compartment-specific spatial proteomics (GeoMx) in a discovery cohort of 104 patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab, and validating findings in independent early-stage cohorts receiving neoadjuvant/perioperative chemo-immunotherapy, it identified OX40L as a key tumor-expressed factor enhancing PD-1 blockade efficacy. The findings are significant because they suggest OX40L could serve as a mechanistic biomarker and potential therapeutic target to improve checkpoint inhibitor outcomes in NSCLC.

Fernández-Luna C, Baena J, Calles A et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with afatinib for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (neoCHANCE-2): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study.

This open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial (NCT05516589) studied neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy combining tislelizumab plus TP chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin) with afatinib in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). The key finding was the feasibility and early clinical activity of this regimen as a dual blockade of PD-1 and EGFR pathways in the neoadjuvant setting. Clinically, it supports further evaluation of afatinib–together with tislelizumab and chemotherapy—to optimize preoperative immune priming in LA-HNSCC.

Wei Z, Chen H, Wang D et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Epigenetic plus cytokine therapy induces stem-like CD8+ T-cell reservoirs and intratumoral immune niches to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance.

This study tested whether combining αPD-1 with entinostat (a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor) and the IL-15 superagonist N-803 can overcome anti–PD-1 resistance by inducing stem-like TCF1+ CD8+ T-cell reservoirs and intratumoral immune niches. Using CPB-resistant murine colorectal cancer and breast cancer models with varying antigen presentation deficiencies, the authors applied proteomic, transcriptomic, spatial, and functional analyses to define the immune remodeling mechanisms. The significance lies in providing a rational epigenetic-plus-cytokine strategy to restore effective CD8+ T-cell states and improve checkpoint blockade durability.

Minnar CM, Miyamoto M, Khelifa AS et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Incidence, Risk factors, and Outcomes of Thromboembolism in Patients with Melanoma Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Chemotherapy, or Targeted Therapy: a SEER-Medicare Analysis.

Using a SEER-Medicare cohort, this study assessed incidence, risk factors, and survival impact of thromboembolism (venous and arterial) in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), chemotherapy, or BRAF/MEK targeted therapy between 2008 and 2019. Weighted competing risk regression models compared thromboembolism rates within two years after treatment initiation and evaluated associations with treatment type and clinical risk factors. These findings are significant for risk stratification and guiding thromboprophylaxis or monitoring strategies in melanoma patients receiving modern systemic therapies.

Sussman TA, Vu L, Koroukian SM et al. · Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Pathological Complete Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy.

This single-institution retrospective study assessed whether peripheral blood immune markers and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) predict pathological complete response (pCR) in 60 patients with stage II–III triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (KEYNOTE-522 regimen). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) measured before treatment predicted pCR, indicating that baseline systemic inflammation/immune balance is associated with response. Clinically, NLR could serve as an accessible biomarker to stratify TNBC patients likely to achieve pCR with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab-based therapy.

Fujimoto A, Ichinose Y, Matsuura K et al. · Clinical breast cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Autoimmune/inflammatory disease therapeutics and biomarkers (incl. IBD, Sjögren’s, AD/HS/Darier)

[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Plus Short-Course Priming With Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial (Lu-PRIME).

In the single-arm phase 2 Lu-PRIME trial, men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) received short-course enzalutamide priming (160 mg/day for 7 days before and after) combined with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 to test whether androgen receptor pathway inhibition enhances PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy. The key finding (from the study’s reported rationale and design) is that enzalutamide-induced PSMA upregulation is being evaluated for efficacy and safety in a post–taxane and post–androgen-receptor pathway inhibitor population. Clinically, if effective, this strategy could improve outcomes of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 by optimizing PSMA expression prior to radioligand delivery.

Aggarwal P, Sood A, Satapathy S et al. · The Prostate · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Disease progression in hidradenitis suppurativa: A multidimensional framework.

This narrative review proposes a multidimensional framework for disease progression in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) by synthesizing evidence on determinants, detection tools, and consequences. The key finding is that HS progression should be conceptualized across six complementary dimensions spanning objective severity (e.g., Hurley transition and International HS Severity Score System) and other domains rather than a single metric. Scientifically, this framework aims to standardize how progression is defined and measured, enabling better clinical trials and more consistent patient management.

Molina-Leyva A, Benhadou F, Sali E et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Predictors of high- versus low-intensity first-line multiple sclerosis treatments.

This claims-data study assessed predictors of whether patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) received high- versus low-intensity first-line disease-modifying therapy (DMT) using Merative MarketScan commercial and Medicare supplemental databases. The first DMT fill was categorized as high-intensity (natalizumab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, ofatumumab, cladribine) versus low-intensity (interferon, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide), and the analysis identified factors associated with choosing high-intensity strategies. The clinical significance is that it can help anticipate treatment selection patterns and potentially support more personalized DMT escalation decisions in real-world MS care.

Chevalier AVG, Murray K, Lin A et al. · Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies in Sjögren’s disease: current landscape and future perspectives.

This narrative review summarized the current landscape and future perspectives on immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies for Sjögren’s disease (SjD) based on a systematic literature search across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. It synthesized how advances in immunology have expanded understanding of SjD pathogenesis and broadened therapeutic options beyond symptomatic care and conventional disease-modifying approaches. The clinical significance is that it helps clinicians and researchers identify emerging therapeutic directions and gaps for future trials in SjD.

Yazisiz V · Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled BMJ Open protocol will enroll 108 Chinese patients with IgG4-related disease who show re-elevation of serum IgG4 level during maintenance therapy to test whether adding mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) reduces relapse risk. The trial compares MMF versus placebo during the maintenance phase in patients already in remission after glucocorticoids and/or other immunosuppressants or rituximab. If effective, MMF could become a targeted maintenance strategy to prevent IgG4-related disease flares specifically in the high-relapse subgroup defined by rising serum IgG4.

Zhang J, Nie Y, Peng L et al. · BMJ open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Long-mu-pi-yan-fang ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation by modulating interleukin-22 receptor-mediated inflammatory signaling.

This study investigated the mechanism of Long-mu-pi-yan-fang (LMPYF) in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis–like mice and assessed clinical relevance in skin specimens from atopic dermatitis patients. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and molecular dynamics simulations, the authors identified interleukin-22 receptor–mediated inflammatory signaling as a key pathway modulated by LMPYF. By linking an established herbal formula to IL-22R inflammatory signaling in both models and human tissue, the work provides mechanistic support for LMPYF’s potential therapeutic role in atopic dermatitis.

Qu H, Wei Z, Chen F et al. · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Macrophage SELENOP controls neutrophil homeostasis through redox stress regulation in Crohn’s disease.

This study tested whether macrophage-derived SELENOP acts as a redox checkpoint controlling neutrophil homeostasis in Crohn’s disease. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of inflamed and non-inflamed colon tissues from Crohn’s disease patients and mechanistic assays (loss- and gain-of-function, co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination, and rescue experiments), the authors showed that macrophage SELENOP regulates neutrophil accumulation and oxidative injury, with in vivo confirmation using myeloid-specific SELENOP-deficient mice in TNBS-induced colitis. The findings identify SELENOP as a macrophage-to-neutrophil redox regulator, offering a mechanistic target for controlling inflammatory neutrophil damage in Crohn’s disease.

Wang H, Wang J, Jiang W et al. · Redox biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Incident psoriasis in atopic dermatitis: a large-scale cohort study of disease- and treatment-associated risks.

This large-scale cohort study assessed whether atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with incident psoriasis and whether systemic treatments modify that risk in patients with AD. The key finding was that incident psoriasis risk differed by treatment exposure, with evidence consistent with type 2-targeted biologics potentially unmasking psoriasis compared with conventional systemic immunosuppressants (cvIS). Clinically, the results support treatment-specific psoriasis risk counseling and surveillance strategies for patients with AD starting systemic therapies.

Thaqi F, Bieber K, Kerniss H et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Bimekizumab as an Effective Treatment in Darier Disease: Clinical Outcomes of a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis of Patients Treated with Biologics.

This single-center retrospective analysis studied patients with Darier disease (DD) treated in routine care with biologics at the University Hospital Freiburg between 2019 and 2024, assessing clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, and histological features. The key finding was that biologic therapy was associated with measurable clinical improvement in DD patients, with corresponding changes in patient-reported outcomes and histology. These data suggest biologics may represent an effective systemic option for DD when retinoids are limited by adverse events.

Ranzinger DL, Schmidle P, Seifert M et al. · Dermatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mechanism-guided therapy in monogenic/inherited disease

Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized cohort evidence on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with atopic dermatitis (AD) by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL through September 7, 2025. The key finding is that AD during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of adverse maternal and/or neonatal outcomes compared with no AD (with specific outcomes extracted across included studies). This informs maternal counseling and risk stratification for pregnant patients with AD.

Liu WY, Chen E, Tai CC et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

M2-associated microglial states in oligodendrocyte regulation and white matter repair in vascular dementia.

This review studied how M2-associated microglial states (M2a-, M2b-, and M2c-like) regulate oligodendrocyte-lineage differentiation and white matter repair in vascular dementia. It found that moving beyond the classical M1/M2 dichotomy—by mapping inducing conditions to molecular/functional evidence—better explains microglial support for oligodendrocyte maturation and debris clearance relevant to demyelination. These insights are significant because they suggest more precise, state-targeted microglial modulation as a potential disease-modifying strategy for vascular dementia.

Zhang Q, Zhang B, Wang Y et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells cross-react with tumor-associated antigens via molecular mimicry.

This study examined SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells for cross-reactivity with tumor-associated antigens using single-cell RNA TCR sequencing in PBMCs from five healthy individuals. It found that ex vivo stimulation with peptide pairs sharing molecular mimicry (SARS-CoV-2 epitope LLLDDFVEI and PRDX5 tumor antigen LLLDDLLVS) can identify cross-binding TCRs. The results are clinically significant because they support a mechanistic link between antiviral immunity (infection or BNT162b2 vaccination) and potential anti-tumor T-cell recognition via PRDX5 mimicry.

Ragone C, Mauriello A, Cavalluzzo B et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparative efficacy of different exercise interventions for improving quality of life, depression, and anxiety in older adults with cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis studied which exercise interventions—across aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), mind-body exercise (MBE), and multimodal exercise (ME)—most improve quality of life, depression, and anxiety in older adults (mean age ≥65) with cancer. It found comparative efficacy differences across exercise types for these psychosocial outcomes using randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis. The findings are significant for geriatric oncology because they provide evidence-ranked, intervention-specific guidance to reduce depression/anxiety and improve quality of life in older cancer patients.

Zhang W, Li X, Zhang D et al. · BMC geriatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Development and internal validation of an explainable machine learning model for predicting functional disability trajectories in hospitalized older patients with chronic low back pain.

This prospective cohort study developed and internally validated an explainable machine learning model to predict heterogeneous functional disability trajectories in hospitalized older adults with chronic low back pain using clinical variables including pain level, physical activity, depression, and frailty. It found that the explainable ML approach can stratify patients along distinct disability trajectory patterns and support an exploratory trajectory-based risk stratification pathway. This is scientifically and clinically significant because it enables interpretable prediction of disability progression to target interventions during hospitalization for older CLBP patients.

Zhang X, Hu Y, Liao Y et al. · BMC geriatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted AAV gene therapy for neuroblastoma via direct capsid-antibody coupling.

This preclinical gene therapy study developed AAV-STITCH, an AAV capsid engineering strategy using SpyTag technology to directly couple an anti-GD2 scFv to an AAV9-W503A capsid, for targeted treatment of neuroblastoma. It found that in pseudometastatic xenograft mouse models, AAV-STITCHαGD2 selectively transduced GD2-expressing neuroblastoma tumor cells while avoiding transduction of healthy liver tissue. The work is significant because it demonstrates a dose-dependent, capsid-antibody coupling method to improve tumor specificity of AAV gene therapy for GD2+ neuroblastoma.

Luoni M, Parracino S, Giannelli SG et al. · EMBO molecular medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A pro-inflammatory metastasis-associated macrophage subset induces tumor-promoting mesothelial cell conversion in ovarian cancer via IL-1α secretion.

This study characterized tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subsets in high-grade ovarian carcinoma using single-cell RNA sequencing of patient-derived ascites macrophages (ascTAMs) and omental metastasis macrophages (omTAMs). It found that a pro-inflammatory metastasis-associated macrophage subset induces tumor-promoting mesothelial cell conversion through IL-1α secretion, with omTAMs showing a mixed M1+/M2+ polarization profile compared with ascTAMs. The findings are significant because they identify IL-1α–mediated macrophage-to-mesothelial reprogramming as a potential therapeutic target to limit metastatic progression in ovarian cancer.

Heidemann S, Finkernagel F, Steitz AM et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Microtubule posttranslational modifications provide unique recognition patterns for associated proteins.

This study investigated whether microtubule posttranslational modifications (the “tubulin code”) create distinct recognition patterns for microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Using a medium-throughput in vitro binding screen of 46 proteins, it found that different MAPs preferentially bind microtubule substrates bearing specific tubulin PTM patterns. The results are significant because they support a mechanism by which tubulin PTMs can selectively control MAP interactions, enabling PTM-based signaling specificity in cells.

Krishnan A, Desvigne-Hansch E, Henriot V et al. · The EMBO journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

PQBP1-dependent alternative RNA splicing underlies high calorie diet-induced cognitive impairment.

This animal study examined how a high calorie-high fat diet (HFD) causes cognitive impairment by focusing on PQBP1-dependent alternative RNA splicing and its upstream regulation by PPARγ. It found that HFD suppresses PPARγ-mediated transcription of PQBP1 and that RNAseq-based alternative splicing changes in HFD-fed mice overlap with those in PQBP1-cKO mice, converging on synapse-related genes. The work is significant because it links diet-induced cognitive dysfunction to a defined splicing-factor pathway (PQBP1) and highlights synaptic gene networks as downstream mediators.

Huang Y, Homma H, Yoshioka Y et al. · Molecular psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Advancing clinical trials for rare renal cell carcinoma subtypes: Consensus statements from the International Kidney Cancer Symposium North America 2025 think tank.

This consensus think-tank article studied how to advance clinical trials for rare renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes by providing expert guidance for rational therapeutic development across non-clear cell variants. Using a modified Delphi process with 46 multidisciplinary experts, it produced actionable recommendations addressing preclinical-to-clinical strategy design challenges specific to papillary, chromophobe, MiT family/translocation, collecting duct, renal medullary carcinoma, and fumarate hydratase–deficient RCC. The significance lies in standardizing trial-development approaches to accelerate evidence generation for rare RCC subtypes that historically have limited therapeutic options.

Msaouel P, La Rosa S, Abel EJ et al. · Urologic oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Consensus practice recommendations for management of sleep dysfunction in Parkinson disease.

This consensus recommendations paper studied screening, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep dysfunction in people with Parkinson disease using a modified Delphi method. It found that predefined 100% agreement across four virtual Delphi rounds supported specific clinical statements for managing sleep problems in PD. The clinical significance is that it provides evidence-informed, highly agreed-upon guidance to improve care delivery and quality of life for PD patients with sleep dysfunction.

Maurer CW, Safarpour D, Lee-Iannotti JK et al. · Parkinsonism & related disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Discovery and engineering of bispecific TCR-mimic antibodies targeting peptide-HLA complex.

This study created an end-to-end platform to discover and engineer fully human TCR-mimic (TCRm) antibodies that recognize specific peptide-HLA (pHLA) complexes and then convert them into bispecific T-cell–redirecting antibodies. Using pHLA immunogens, fully human transgenic mice, single B-cell discovery, and whole-proteome off-target screening (X-Scan), the authors generated high-specificity/high-affinity binders and potent bispecific constructs capable of redirecting T cells to kill tumor cells. The work is significant because it expands antibody-based targeting to intracellular antigens presented on MHC by enabling precise pHLA recognition with reduced off-target risk.

Watkins-Yoon J, Lu WC, Petrunak EM et al. · mAbs · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ADHD medication use and risk of self-harm: a multinational self-controlled case series study.

This multinational self-controlled case series studied whether incident self-harm risk changes after initiation of ADHD medication among individuals treated across Hong Kong, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. The key finding (as assessed by the self-controlled design and common data modelling approach) was the estimated within-person association between starting ADHD medication and subsequent self-harm events across healthcare systems. The results are clinically important for quantifying self-harm risk around ADHD medication initiation and informing safer prescribing and monitoring.

Chan AYL, Beyene K, Park S et al. · BMJ mental health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A therapeutic atlas of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease.

This study systematically reviewed published evidence on mechanism-guided therapies for monogenic inflammatory bowel disease (mIBD) across affected pediatric and other patient populations. It quantified and compared therapeutic response scores across treatments and conditions and identified knowledge gaps, including where longitudinal biomarker data were limited compared with non-monogenic pediatric IBD. The resulting “therapeutic atlas” supports more evidence-based, gene/mechanism-informed treatment selection in rare mIBD where conventional trials are often infeasible.

Yeh PJ, Charlesworth JEG, Taylor H et al. · Journal of Crohn’s & colitis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effects of six weeks of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation with and without creatine monohydrate on cognitive function and markers of health in healthy adults.

This proof-of-concept double-blind randomized counterbalanced trial studied 58 healthy, active adults who received guanidinoacetic acid (GAA; 2×1 g/day) for 6 weeks either alone or combined with creatine monohydrate (CrM; 2×5 g/day), compared with a placebo (maltodextrin). The study found that GAA supplementation (with or without CrM) affected cognitive outcomes and health-related markers, with the GAA+CrM condition evaluated specifically for whether it provides added benefit over GAA alone. These findings are clinically relevant because they test whether manipulating the creatine pathway via GAA (and optionally CrM) can translate into cognitive and health improvements in healthy adults.

Chun J, Babakhani K, Gonzalez DE et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

LINC00707 Silencing Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in LPS-stimulated BV2 Microglia via the miR-145-5p/TRAF6 Axis in Spinal Cord Injury.

This study examined the role of the long non-coding RNA LINC00707 in spinal cord injury (SCI) by integrating human plasma measurements (30 healthy subjects, 75 SCI patients) with mechanistic experiments in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. LINC00707 silencing reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in BV2 cells exposed to LPS through the miR-145-5p/TRAF6 axis, supported by RT-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The work is significant because it identifies a specific LINC00707–miR-145-5p–TRAF6 regulatory pathway that could be targeted to mitigate neuroinflammation after SCI.

Wang X, Wang D, Wu Y et al. · Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Prediction of Residual Disease in Unresectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.

This retrospective cohort study developed a prediction model for residual disease (RD) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with unresectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using pretreatment clinical features. The key finding was the identification of clinical predictors that can stratify the likelihood of RD after CCRT, enabling more informed decisions about salvage surgery versus palliative approaches. This is scientifically and clinically important because it aims to reduce morbidity from unnecessary salvage surgery and improve post-CCRT management in unresectable HNSCC.

Lakdee C, Patumanond J, Thiarawat P et al. · World journal of oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Th17 cells and IL-17A in traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.

This article is a mechanistic review synthesizing evidence on how T helper 17 (Th17) cells and their cytokine IL-17A contribute to traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathophysiology, including blood–brain barrier disruption and neuroimmune interactions. The key finding is that Th17/IL-17A roles appear context-dependent across experimental models and stages of injury, with multiple molecular and cellular targets implicated. The review is significant because it frames IL-17A/Th17 modulation as a potential therapeutic direction while highlighting limitations that must be addressed for translation to TBI patients.

Guo X, Wang J, Zhu S et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Bracing for the storm: emerging resistance mechanisms to KRAS inhibitors in pancreatic cancer and strategies to overcome them.

This narrative review summarized emerging resistance mechanisms to KRAS inhibitors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and strategies to overcome them. The key finding is that resistance to RAS-directed therapy arises through multiple categories—intrinsic resistance, KRAS-dependent mechanisms, and other pathway adaptations—often leading to short-lived clinical responses. This is important for guiding future drug development and combination strategies aimed at achieving durable KRAS-targeted benefit in PDAC.

Pagano Mariano M, Sgarilli E, Mijnlieff D et al. · Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Weight regain following discontinuation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in adults who are overweight or obese: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated weight change and adverse reactions after discontinuation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in overweight or obese adults, including trials of tirzepatide, semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide. The key finding was that stopping GLP-1RA therapy is associated with weight regain, with the analysis also assessing the frequency of adverse events after withdrawal. This is clinically significant because it informs long-term obesity management decisions, including the need for maintenance strategies rather than stopping therapy abruptly.

Qi H, Gao Q, Chen H et al. · PeerJ · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Repurposing antimicrobial agents for neuroprotection: Mechanisms, clinical potential, and challenges.

This narrative review assessed the therapeutic potential of repurposing antimicrobial agents for neuroprotection across neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, focusing on classes such as tetracyclines (e.g., minocycline), macrolides (e.g., azithromycin), antimalarials (e.g., chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine), sulfones (e.g., dapsone), and antiparasitics (e.g., ivermectin). The key finding is that these agents may confer neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and related mechanisms, supported by preclinical and some clinical evidence. The review is significant because it outlines both mechanistic promise and translational challenges for using existing antimicrobials in non-infectious neurological conditions.

Manavi MA, Salehi M, Mohammad Jafari R et al. · Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2026.

This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement reviewed obesity-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) mechanisms and provided evidence-based clinical management strategies for obesity as a driver of CVD. The key finding is the framing of obesity as a direct “fat mass disease” and a contributor to CVD via “sick fat” (epicardial adipose dysfunction) plus immune/endocrine abnormalities that promote major CVD risk factors. This is clinically significant because it consolidates current evidence into actionable guidance for clinicians managing patients with obesity to reduce CVD risk.

Bays HE, Varney C, Alexander L et al. · Obesity pillars · (2026) · 3 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Exploring the therapeutic applications of metformin in articular cartilage repair: mechanistic insights and translational perspectives.

This review explored how metformin could be applied to articular cartilage repair, integrating mechanistic insights with translational considerations for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The key finding is that metformin—an antidiabetic drug with emerging antiaging properties—may support cartilage repair by addressing metabolic disturbances linked to obesity and diabetes that impair cartilage homeostasis. This is significant because it positions metformin as a potential therapeutic candidate for currently limited regenerative options in OA/RA.

Jin P, Xin X, Liu W et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonists: a new Frontier in cardiometabolic medicine.

This review discussed oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonists as a new direction in cardiometabolic medicine, contrasting them with injectable peptide GLP-1RAs and highlighting candidates such as orforglipron and danuglipron. The key finding is that orally bioavailable nonpeptide GLP-1RAs could improve accessibility and adherence while aiming to preserve cardiometabolic benefits seen with injectable agents in trials like LEADER, SELECT, and SUMMIT. This is important for future clinical translation because it may expand GLP-1-based cardiovascular risk reduction to broader patient populations via oral dosing.

Guo J, Chen H · Frontiers in pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sports medicine rehabilitation and recovery optimization

Orthobiologics in anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

This narrative review summarizes the biologic rationale and current clinical evidence for orthobiologics in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, focusing on strategies intended to improve healing in the intra-articular environment. The key finding is that while orthobiologics (e.g., biologic adjuncts used to enhance graft ligamentization and tendon–bone healing) are promising, the strength of evidence remains variable and limited by the native ACL’s poor intrinsic healing capacity. Clinically, it helps frame which orthobiologic approaches may be most appropriate and highlights where higher-quality trials are needed.

Bouchard MD, Rocha De Faria JL, Vinagre G et al. · Journal of experimental orthopaedics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Could creatine supplementation combined with physical rehabilitation accelerate return to play in athletes with patellar tendinopathy?

This triple-blind randomized study tested whether creatine supplementation combined with physical rehabilitation improves return-to-play outcomes in athletes with patellar tendinopathy (PT). It evaluated neuromuscular performance, tendon thickness, pain, and body composition in 20 federated athletes assigned to creatine versus control alongside rehabilitation. The results address whether an evidence-based ergogenic aid can accelerate functional recovery and readiness for sport in PT.

Sánchez-Gómez Á, Malaguti M, Sañudo B et al. · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GLP-1/GIP incretin therapies: efficacy, discontinuation, and emerging roles (incl. dermatology)

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for Obesity: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review compared the comparative efficacy and safety of tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist) versus semaglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) in adults with overweight or obesity using both direct head-to-head randomized evidence and comparative real-world studies. The key finding is that the review identifies and synthesizes original comparative studies to quantify differences in weight-related efficacy and adverse event profiles between the two drugs. This supports evidence-based selection of injectable anti-obesity pharmacotherapy by consolidating the most current comparative data.

Mohamed Abdalla SA, Gharbawi L, Elshaikh N et al. · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Musculoskeletal Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized randomized controlled trials and real-world evidence on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and musculoskeletal outcomes relevant to bone, muscle, and joints. It evaluated the overall effects of GLP-1 RAs across included studies using a structured literature search (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase) up to March 2025. The findings aim to clarify whether GLP-1 RAs used for type 2 diabetes and obesity meaningfully affect musculoskeletal health, informing safer long-term prescribing.

Beaudart C, Malréchauffé Y, van Heden S et al. · Drugs · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The Expanding Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Agonists in Dermatology: From Immunometabolism to Clinical Practice.

This review summarized evidence on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists and their emerging roles in dermatology. The key finding was that beyond weight loss and glycemic control, these incretin-based therapies have pleiotropic immunometabolic effects—such as anti-inflammatory actions and improved adipose/endothelial function—that may translate into clinical benefit in chronic inflammatory skin diseases including psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Scientifically, it frames GLP-1/GIP signaling as a mechanistic link between obesity-related inflammation and dermatologic disease, supporting further clinical evaluation.

Giorgio CM, Romanò C, Arisi M et al. · Dermatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Infectious disease models, surveillance, and public health interventions

Navigating Therapeutic Frontiers: A Meta-review and Meta-analysis of COVID-19 Treatment Options.

This umbrella meta-review and meta-analysis evaluated COVID-19 treatment options by synthesizing evidence from existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses, with mortality as the main outcome. Using DerSimonian–Laird pooled effect sizes across meta-analyses, the study compared the efficacy and safety of multiple therapeutic drugs for COVID-19. The work is significant because it provides an evidence-ranked, cross-study quantitative synthesis to inform which COVID-19 therapies may reduce death risk and guide clinical decision-making.

Mousavi S, Ardekani MB, Feizi A · Journal of research in pharmacy practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pathogenesis and natural history of the Bundibugyo species of Orthoebolavirus in nonhuman primates.

This nonhuman primate study characterized the pathogenesis and natural history of Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) infection by exposing 21 cynomolgus monkeys to BDBV and tracking disease progression. It found that BDBV disease was more protracted than reported Ebola and Sudan infections in this model, with 67% lethality, and it used immunohistochemistry and spatial proteomics to identify early targets including CD209+ macrophages and dendritic cells (with CD68+ and/or HLA-DR+ populations). The scientific significance is that it strengthens the translational relevance of a primate model for developing medical countermeasures against BDBV.

Fenton KA, Pigeaud DD, Turcinovic J et al. · bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Latent tuberculosis infection and risk of cancer-specific mortality: a 10-year prospective cohort study in rural China.

In a 10-year prospective cohort study in rural China (LATENTTB-NSTM), researchers examined whether latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is associated with cancer-specific mortality. LTBI was determined at baseline using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay after excluding active pulmonary tuberculosis, and participants were followed from 2013 until death or 31 December 2023 with Cox proportional hazards models. Establishing an LTBI–cancer mortality link would have important public health implications for LTBI screening and treatment strategies in rural settings.

He Y, Yu Y, Liang J et al. · Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Establishment and application of a multiplex qPCR panel for multi-host surveillance of tick-Borne pathogens.

This study developed and validated a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) panel for multi-host surveillance of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) and then applied it to field samples. The TBP Panel used eight multiplex qPCR assays to detect 25 TBPs (7 bacteria, 14 viruses, 4 parasites), with quantification cycle (Cq) cut-offs optimized using nested/semi-nested PCR amplicon sequencing and digital PCR as a reference standard, followed by screening of 2,333 ticks, 59 rodents, and 553 febrile patients. By demonstrating robust analytical performance and low limits of detection, the panel provides a scalable molecular surveillance tool for detecting diverse co-infecting tick-borne pathogens across multiple host species.

Li J, Wang Z, Li J et al. · Emerging microbes & infections · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Antiviral therapies are associated with reduced mortality but under-utilized in patients with viral hepatocellular carcinoma: a multinational REAL-HCC study.

In a multinational real-world REAL-HCC consortium of hepatitis B–related and hepatitis C–related viral hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC) patients, the study assessed nucleos(t)ide analog use in HBV-HCC (2007–2023) and direct-acting antiviral use in HCV-HCC (2015–2023). Antiviral therapy was associated with reduced mortality, but treatment uptake was underutilized, with only 49.7% of HBV-HCC and 63.2% of HCV-HCC patients receiving antivirals. The results highlight a care gap and support broader antiviral implementation to improve survival in viral HCC.

Yan T, Tsai PC, Yeh ML et al. · Hepatology international · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer cell/tumor microenvironment immunometabolism and immune remodeling

Microbial Signals in Cancer: Dissecting Host-Microbiota-Tumor Interactions and Potential Therapeutic Strategy.

This review examined host–microbiota–tumor interactions in cancer, focusing on intratumoral microbiota and how microbial signals shape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and therapeutic response. It reported that high-throughput sequencing has detected low-biomass bacteria, fungi, and viruses across diverse malignancies, supporting the idea that intratumoral microbiota are a fundamental TME component, while also noting that mechanisms and causal clinical interventions remain fragmented. The scientific significance is that it frames mechanistic pathways (including pattern-recognition signaling such as TLR-related axes) that could be leveraged to develop microbiome-informed cancer therapies.

Lu J, Xuan M, Yu L et al. · MedComm · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immune metabolic reprogramming in MASLD.

This JHEP Reports review synthesizes evidence on immune metabolic reprogramming in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), focusing on how metabolic stress and chronic low-grade inflammation remodel the hepatic immune microenvironment. It highlights reciprocal circuits where immune pathways shape immune cell identity/function while metabolic pathways are also altered by immune responses. The review is significant because it frames MASLD as an immunometabolic disease, supporting development of mechanism-based diagnostics and therapies targeting these bidirectional pathways.

Razafiarison J, Venteclef N, Ginhoux F et al. · JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lack of tumor-derived LCN2 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to ferroptosis induction.

This Cancer Letters study investigated how tumor-derived lipocalin 2 (LCN2) affects ferroptosis sensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. The authors report that loss of LCN2 dysregulates ferroptosis-associated pathways, increases lipid peroxidation, and sensitizes PDAC cells to ferroptosis induction, consistent with altered oxidative stress and microbial-regulation gene programs in tumors with high LCN2. These findings are significant because they suggest targeting the LCN2 axis could enhance ferroptosis-based therapeutic strategies in PDAC.

Pita-Grisanti V, Gumpper-Fedus K, Cornellier C et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived POSTN as a metabolic “switch” shapes lipid-stressed macrophage polarization in gastric cancer.

This study examined how cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)–derived POSTN (periostin) regulates lipid-stressed macrophage polarization in gastric cancer and how this affects immunotherapy response. Integrating bulk and single-cell RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and clinical cohorts, the authors identified POSTN+ CAFs as a key subset linked to resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, and they used lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated siRNA targeting Postn for functional validation in vitro and in murine models. By defining POSTN as a metabolic “switch” shaping the tumor microenvironment, the work suggests a potential therapeutic target to improve immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in gastric cancer.

Ding Q, Li Z, Liu R et al. · Redox biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

NBR1-Mediated Autophagic Degradation of YTHDF1 Curtails FDX1 Translation to Drive Concurrent Multikinase Inhibitor Resistance and Cuproptosis Tolerance.

This study investigated how ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) regulates multikinase inhibitor (MKI) sensitivity and cuproptosis susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focusing on NBR1-mediated autophagic degradation of YTHDF1. Using in vitro/in vivo HCC models with polysome profiling, SunTag translation reporters, CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, and mass spectrometry, the authors found that NBR1 promotes autophagic turnover of YTHDF1 to suppress FDX1 translation, enabling concurrent MKI resistance and cuproptosis tolerance. These findings suggest targeting the NBR1–YTHDF1–FDX1 axis could both resensitize HCC to MKIs and reactivate cuproptosis as a therapeutic strategy.

Wang W, Jiang X, Chen X et al. · Cancer communications (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Glycolysis and T cell-associated gene signature predicts prognosis and therapeutic responses in pancreatic cancer.

This bioinformatics study analyzed pancreatic cancer (TCGA-PAAD and GEO datasets) to determine whether a prognostic signature derived from glycolysis-related genes and T cell-associated genes predicts outcomes and therapeutic responses. By quantifying T-cell subsets via immune infiltration, intersecting T cell-related genes with glycolysis-related genes, and building/validating a Cox/LASSO prognostic model, the authors found that the glycolysis–T cell gene signature stratified patients by prognosis and correlated with predicted therapeutic response. Scientifically, the signature links metabolic programs and antitumor immunity to risk prediction, potentially guiding patient selection for therapies in pancreatic cancer.

Li W, Fan D, Du Y et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neutrophil Senescence Induced by Tumor-Derived HMGB1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression through Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Mediated Suppression of CD8+ T Cell Immunity.

This study examined whether tumor-derived HMGB1 induces neutrophil senescence and how that affects hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression through neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)–mediated suppression of CD8+ T cell immunity. Using analyses of public datasets (GSE149614, GSE189903) plus a clinical cohort (105 HCC patients, 41 healthy controls) and mechanistic in vitro/in vivo experiments, the authors found that HMGB1-driven aged neutrophils promote HCC progression by enhancing NET formation that dampens CD8+ T cell responses. The work highlights HMGB1–senescent neutrophil–NET signaling as a potential therapeutic target to restore CD8+ T cell immunity in HCC.

Duan Y, Yu S, Wang X et al. · Cancer communications (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Aging, frailty, and disability trajectories in chronic disease

Association between the ratio of uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (UHR) and the abnormal risk of sarcopenia: Evidence from two large population-based surveys and interpretable machine learning-driven sarcopenia screening.

This population-based study evaluated the association between the uric acid-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) and abnormal sarcopenia risk using two nationally representative surveys from the US and South Korea, and it developed an interpretable machine learning–driven sarcopenia screening framework. It tested whether UHR is linked to sarcopenia and then externally validated the screening approach across populations. The significance lies in identifying a potentially actionable biomarker (UHR) and providing a more objective, generalizable tool for sarcopenia risk detection in older adults.

Luo Y, Wang A, Wu M et al. · Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted oncology therapeutics and drug delivery platforms (incl. ADC/BsADC/radioligands/AAV/LNP)

PLP1-triggered NOT gate to address neurotoxicity risk of PSMA-targeted prostate cancer therapy.

This preclinical study addressed neurotoxicity risk for PSMA-targeted prostate cancer therapies by designing a PLP1-triggered NOT gate intended to restrict therapeutic activity in the nervous system. The work focused on the observation that PSMA is detectable in CNS/PNS by RNA-Seq at levels that may exceed prostate expression, potentially enabling off-tumor exposure. Scientifically, the NOT-gate logic aims to improve the therapeutic index of PSMA-targeted treatments by reducing on-target/off-tumor neurotoxicity.

Shafaattalab S, Partin A, Winters A et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Artemisinin-derived radicals trigger TGFβ oxidation and degradation for alopecia therapy.

This Biomaterials study developed artemisinin (ART)-derived radicals delivered via cholesterol/egg phosphatidylcholine artemisinin lipid nanoparticles (EPC/CS@ART NPs) as a targeted protein oxidation approach for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The engineered nanoparticles penetrate human dermal papilla cells and trigger TGFβ oxidation and degradation, promoting hair follicle anagen transition/regeneration through selective oxidation rather than broad exogenous ROS. If translatable, this strategy could provide a more selective, mechanism-driven topical or injectable therapy for AGA by harnessing ART-derived radical-mediated TGFβ degradation.

Wang R, Wang C, Liu C et al. · Biomaterials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structural evolution of ionizable lipids for nucleic acid delivery.

This Nature Reviews Chemistry article reviewed how ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for nucleic acid delivery have evolved in structure and design over decades, including recent advances using machine learning. The key finding was that ionizable lipids’ ability to be neutral at physiological pH but protonate in acidic endosomes enables efficient endosomal escape and genetic cargo release, and that structural evolution (via combinatorial chemistry, rational design, and functional element incorporation) has driven improved delivery performance. Scientifically, it consolidates design principles that can accelerate next-generation LNP development for siRNA and mRNA therapeutics.

Xue L, Ang MJY, Swingle KL et al. · Nature reviews. Chemistry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Surgical techniques and perioperative infection prevention (incl. NOSES, arthroplasty)

This international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled BMJ Open trial will study whether prophylactic bone graft impregnated with tobramycin and vancomycin reduces prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients requiring bone grafting (excluding revisions for ongoing infection). Patients scheduled for THA (n=1100) will be randomised 1:1 to tobramycin/vancomycin-impregnated bone graft versus placebo bone graft. Demonstrating safety and efficacy would support local antibiotic delivery via impregnated grafts as a practical approach to lower PJI risk in THA.

Wezenberg D, Hailer NP, Sköldenberg O et al. · BMJ open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

International guideline on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for colorectal cancer (2025 version).

This guideline article updated international recommendations for natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in colorectal cancer, incorporating evidence through a 2025 version framework. It provides refined technical classifications, indications, and procedural standards based on recent multicenter data and consensus discussions, including advances in laparoscopic and robotic approaches. As a standardized clinical guidance document, it supports safer adoption and consistent practice of NOSES across colorectal surgical settings.

Liu Z, Wang Z, Yang L et al. · European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Hematology and coagulation therapeutics (hemophilia, thrombosis)

FRONTIER5: Safety and patient experience of a direct switch from emicizumab to denecimig (Mim8) in patients with haemophilia A with or without inhibitors.

The FRONTIER5 phase 3b study evaluated safety and patient experience in adolescents and adults (≥12 years) with haemophilia A with or without factor VIII inhibitors undergoing a direct switch from emicizumab to denecimig (Mim8) without washout or loading. Participants transitioned to subcutaneous denecimig maintenance dosing once weekly, once every two weeks, or once monthly. The results are clinically important for simplifying emicizumab-to-denecimig transitions and informing real-world tolerability and patient-reported outcomes for this activated factor VIII mimetic.

Hermans C, Benson G, Matino D et al. · Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Omics-driven biomarkers and mechanistic targets (oxidative stress, sleep, etc.)

The Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder: Structural Biology, Biased Signaling, Osteoimmune Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Implications.

This European Journal of Pharmacology review summarizes structural biology and signaling mechanisms of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), including biased signaling and osteoimmune crosstalk. It integrates how CaSR’s allosteric architecture and downstream G-protein pathways influence bone and immune interactions and discusses therapeutic implications. The work is significant for guiding drug development strategies that modulate CaSR signaling to improve CKD-MBD outcomes.

Liao MT, Lu KC, Cheng YC et al. · European journal of pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Identifying JAK2 and ANXA5 as Key Genes Linking Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Oxidative Stress via Machine Learning and Multilayer Transcriptomic Integration With Functional Validation.

This bioinformatics study integrated multiple transcriptomic and gene-prioritization approaches to identify oxidative-stress–related genes linked to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), followed by functional validation. It identified JAK2 and ANXA5 as key genes connecting OSA with oxidative stress using limma, WGCNA, GeneCards-derived OS genes, and downstream enrichment/PPI and machine-learning feature selection (e.g., Lasso and random forest). These findings nominate JAK2 and ANXA5 as mechanistic targets and potential biomarkers for OSA-associated oxidative stress.

Li B, Wu Y, Chen P et al. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Exercise prescription and musculoskeletal training outcomes

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on chemotherapy-induced taste alterations among cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated non-pharmacological interventions for chemotherapy-induced taste alterations in cancer patients across randomized controlled trials. The pooled evidence indicated that these interventions can improve chemotherapy-related taste disturbances, though effects varied by intervention type and study characteristics. These findings support incorporating targeted non-drug strategies into supportive oncology care to reduce a common, quality-of-life–limiting adverse effect of chemotherapy.

Cheng W, Fang J, Zhang D et al. · International journal of nursing studies · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Effects of velocity-based hypertrophy training on pectoralis major morphology, neuromuscular activation and bench press maximal strength.

This randomized controlled training study in 19 trained young males compared velocity-based hypertrophy training (VBT) versus percentage-based hypertrophy training (PBT) over 10 weeks. It assessed pectoralis major cross-sectional area, bench press maximal strength, and neuromuscular activation using surface EMG, with VBT using load-velocity relationship–based adjustments each session. The study tests whether VBT produces superior or distinct adaptations in chest morphology and bench performance compared with traditional percentage prescriptions.

Fitas A, Gomes M, Valdés-Álvarez A et al. · European journal of applied physiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Optimising Exercise Prescription: A Meta-Analysis Examining the Dose Response of Exercise Duration on Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following HIIT and MICT.

This dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluated how exercise session duration affects cardiorespiratory fitness improvements after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). It characterized the relationship between HIIT/MICT duration and fitness gains using PRISMA methods and a registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42022335590). The findings support more precise exercise prescription by identifying how “dose” of session duration translates into cardiorespiratory benefits.

Mattioni Maturana F, Zadon NHA, Cocks M et al. · Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity/neuroprotection

Depressive and anxiety symptoms during CGRP-targeted migraine prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults with migraine receiving CGRP-targeted preventive therapies. Across heterogeneous studies and outcome instruments, the authors synthesized evidence on whether CGRP-targeted treatment improves psychiatric symptom burden alongside migraine prevention. The results help clarify the magnitude and consistency of mental health benefits associated with CGRP-targeted migraine prevention, informing holistic management of comorbid depression/anxiety.

Al-Sayegh Z, Al-Khazali S, Al-Khazali HM et al. · Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

mtDNA alterations in muscle progenitors determine myoblast differentiation and disrupt skeletal muscle architecture.

This Cell Reports study investigated how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations in muscle progenitors affect myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle architecture. Using a dominant-negative Twinkle helicase variant (p.K320E) to induce mtDNA instability in C2C12 cells and muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the authors found impaired respiratory complex assembly, increased reactive oxygen species, disrupted differentiation, and mitochondrial dysfunction during in vivo muscle regeneration. These results link mtDNA instability in MuSCs to defective regeneration and altered muscle structure, highlighting mitochondrial genome maintenance as a driver of age- or damage-associated muscle decline.

Sen A, Baris OR, Schaumkessel Y et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Quantitative Analysis of Axonal Degeneration and TDP-43 Aggregation in Compartmentalized Human iPSC-Derived Motor Neuron-Myotube Co-cultures.

This Bio-protocol paper developed a quantitative framework to measure axonal degeneration and TDP-43 aggregation in compartmentalized human iPSC-derived motor neuron–myotube co-cultures. The authors combined compartmentalized culture systems with dedicated image analysis to quantify early, spatially restricted distal axonal degeneration and aggregation-prone TDP-43 signals. Methodologically, the approach enables robust, compartment-specific quantification of ALS-relevant pathology in a human-relevant in vitro system for mechanistic studies and therapeutic testing.

Subramaniam AG, de Andrade Gensas LK, Gradus-Pery T et al. · Bio-protocol · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Must RAAS-modifying drugs be withdrawn for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism?

This study investigated how CIZ1 regulates G1 length and the CDK threshold required to initiate DNA replication, particularly in post-quiescent cells. Using CIZ1 knockout (CIZ1-/-) fibroblasts and cell-cycle analyses after release from quiescence, the authors found that loss of CIZ1 leads to reduced G1 phase/cell-cycle length and promotes DNA replication stress by altering the timing/threshold for replication initiation. These results position CIZ1 as a key regulator preventing replication stress during cell-cycle re-entry, with implications for genomic stability maintenance.

Teo AED, Pamporaki C, Lenders JWM et al. · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cellular transcriptomic signatures underpinning the heterogeneity of depression in Alzheimer’s disease.

This study analyzed brain single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) datasets to identify cellular transcriptomic signatures underlying heterogeneity of depression in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). By comparing cognitively normal older/young individuals and LOAD patients stratified by comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD), and then performing pathway and cell–cell communication analyses using cell type–specific differentially expressed genes, the authors identified shared and sex-specific molecular signatures across MDD and LOAD. The findings help connect depression variability to specific brain cell-state programs in Alzheimer’s disease, informing hypotheses for targeted interventions.

Lutz MW, Man Z, Chiba-Falek O · Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mitochondrial transfer via ADSC-EVs reprograms glucose/glutamine metabolism to restore TCA cycle-driven M2 polarization in diabetic wounds.

This study tested whether mitochondrial transfer from adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) can reprogram glucose/glutamine metabolism to restore TCA cycle-driven M2 polarization in diabetic wound macrophages. Using diabetic wound models and mechanistic assays including functional mitochondrial delivery and 13C-glucose isotope tracing, the authors found that ADSC-EVs restore PDH and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) activity, increase TCA flux (with evidence for enhanced glutamine anaplerosis), and shift macrophages from inflammatory M1 toward reparative M2 states. The work suggests ADSC-EV mitochondrial transfer as a metabolic immunotherapy strategy to resolve chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds.

Zhang Y, Han F, Yuan Y et al. · Journal of nanobiotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cardiovascular disease as a modifier of neurodegeneration risk

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases Increase ALS Risk by 82% While Optimal Cardiovascular Health Halves It: A 0.5-Million Prospective Cohort Study.

This prospective cohort study in 502,279 UK Biobank participants (ages 37–73) assessed whether prevalent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CAD, ischemic stroke, PAD) increases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk and whether cardiovascular health modifies that risk. It found ASCVD was associated with an 82% higher ALS risk and that optimal cardiovascular health (Life’s Essential 8 categorized as low/moderate/high) approximately halved this risk, supported by Cox models, joint analyses, and Mendelian randomization. Clinically, it strengthens the rationale for aggressive cardiovascular risk reduction to lower future ALS risk.

Xie J, Xie H, Li Y et al. · Annals of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

MASLD/MASH biomarkers, staging, and immunometabolic mechanisms

Current and Emerging Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).

This narrative review summarized current and emerging biomarkers and surrogate endpoints for metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including noninvasive measures for steatosis and fibrosis. It highlighted that while liver biopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard, multiple noninvasive biomarker strategies are being developed and studied to stage and monitor disease progression. Scientifically and clinically, it provides a framework for selecting and validating surrogate endpoints that could accelerate MASLD trials and improve patient management without biopsy.

Alamgir M, Sohal A, Kowdley KV · Drugs · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and its derived indices predict cardiometabolic multimorbidity development and progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease individuals: a prospective cohort study.

This prospective cohort study evaluated whether the cholesterol–high-density lipoprotein–glucose (CHG) index and adiposity-derived indices predict cardiometabolic multimorbidity development and progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) participants from the UK Biobank (n=109,434). The key finding was that CHG and derived indices were predictive of cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk and stage-specific progression in MASLD individuals. Clinically, these indices could help stratify MASLD patients for earlier cardiometabolic risk management and monitoring.

Mu K, Zhang J, Liang S et al. · Cardiovascular diabetology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Metformin and diabetes complications (renal/nephropathy) in real-world data

Dose-Dependent Association of Long-Term Metformin Use and Diabetic Nephropathy Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan.

This nationwide retrospective cohort study in Taiwan examined whether long-term metformin use is associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk in a dose-dependent manner among patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (2002–2013). It compared metformin-treated patients with sulfonylurea-treated patients and assessed DN outcomes across metformin exposure levels. The results are intended to resolve inconsistent renoprotective evidence by determining whether metformin’s DN risk relationship varies with dose in real-world practice.

Huang KH, Gau SY, Chang YC et al. · Clinical drug investigation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cardiac critical care and tachyarrhythmia management (case reports/protocols)

Microaxial Flow Pump and Ivabradine for Tachycardia-Induced Cardiogenic Shock Caused by Automatic Atrial Tachycardia.

This JACC Case Reports report described a 32-year-old woman with tachycardia-induced cardiogenic shock due to automatic atrial tachycardia near the sinus node. Under percutaneous microaxial flow pump support, ivabradine and landiolol were used to achieve simultaneous rate control and hemodynamic stabilization. The case illustrates a practical combined pharmacologic and mechanical support strategy for TIC complicated by profound left ventricular dysfunction.

Muto K, Honda S, Nakasuka K et al. · JACC. Case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Adoptive cell therapy and engineered immune cell platforms

T cell receptors equipped with ICOS provide T cells with durable anti-tumor response.

The study engineered adoptively transferred T cell receptors (TCRs) with built-in ICOS co-stimulation to improve durability of anti-tumor T cells in a mouse melanoma model. TCR:ICOS T cells produced enhanced antigen-specific inflammatory cytokines, were enriched for a stem-like state, resisted exhaustion, and showed delayed tumor recurrence and cures, with signaling via PI3K and NFκB but restrained AKT activation. This supports ICOS-equipped TCR designs as a strategy to extend therapeutic T cell longevity and improve outcomes in adoptive cell therapy for cancer.

Marraffa A, Berrevoets C, Mosiello M et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Generated automatically on September 14, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.

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PubMed Trending Research Digest — September 14, 2026

PubMed Trending Research Digest — September 14, 2026

Overview

Clinical prediction models and decision support (AI/ML, risk scores, diagnostic algorithms)

Clinical usability of an explainable AI decision support tool and evaluation of multimodal models in NSCLC.

Differentiating hypothalamic from pituitary adrenal insufficiency: underlying causes and diagnostic utility of the corticotropin-releasing hormone and growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 stimulation tests.

Predicting early psychiatric readmission among people with major depressive disorder: A machine learning analysis from the prospective multicentre DEEP READ study.

Cochlear Implant Electrode Impedances: A 5-Year Study.

TurboID-based proteomic profiling reveals proxitome of the IRT1 metal transporter and new insight into IRT1 endocytosis.

Current state of research and future developments of artificial intelligence in pain diagnosis and treatment.

Preclinical development of ABL206, a novel bispecific antibody-drug conjugate targeting B7-H3 and ROR1.

Deep learning-based CT model for non-invasive prediction of tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer: a multicenter study with prospective validation in an immunochemotherapy cohort.

Development of a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction risk prediction score in primary care settings with a high HIV prevalence.

Estimated pulse wave velocity and CKM stage4 among middle-aged and older population: insights from 3 prospective cohorts.

Long-term safety and efficacy of vornorexant in Japanese patients with insomnia: A 52-week open-label, randomized trial.

Clinical benefit without sweat chloride response after ETI therapy in an adult with cystic fibrosis bearing the L467F;F508del complex CFTR allele: a case report and the role of AI-assisted chest CT in longitudinal monitoring.

Six-factor-based stratification system for enfortumab vedotin monotherapy in pre-treated patients with metastatic or locally advanced urothelial carcinoma.

Generation of eight-cell embryo-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells.

Cancer immunotherapy biomarkers, resistance, and sequencing

Adjuvant Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Stage IB-IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Exploratory 8-year Overall Survival Landmark Update from the ADAURA Trial [161/175].

Clonotypic characterization defines B-cell drivers of clonal expansion and intratumor heterogeneity in IgM monoclonal gammopathies.

Immunotherapy With Anti-PD-1 Versus Anti-PD-L1 in SCLC: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis.

Sequencing CD19-targeted therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma: A narrative review.

Tumor cell-expressed OX40L enhances the efficacy of PD-1 axis blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with afatinib for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (neoCHANCE-2): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study.

Epigenetic plus cytokine therapy induces stem-like CD8+ T-cell reservoirs and intratumoral immune niches to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance.

Incidence, Risk factors, and Outcomes of Thromboembolism in Patients with Melanoma Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Chemotherapy, or Targeted Therapy: a SEER-Medicare Analysis.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Pathological Complete Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy.

Autoimmune/inflammatory disease therapeutics and biomarkers (incl. IBD, Sjögren’s, AD/HS/Darier)

[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Plus Short-Course Priming With Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial (Lu-PRIME).

Disease progression in hidradenitis suppurativa: A multidimensional framework.

Predictors of high- versus low-intensity first-line multiple sclerosis treatments.

Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies in Sjögren’s disease: current landscape and future perspectives.

Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in preventing relapse of IgG4-related disease with re-elevation of serum IgG4 level during maintenance therapy: a protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in China.

Long-mu-pi-yan-fang ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation by modulating interleukin-22 receptor-mediated inflammatory signaling.

Macrophage SELENOP controls neutrophil homeostasis through redox stress regulation in Crohn’s disease.

Incident psoriasis in atopic dermatitis: a large-scale cohort study of disease- and treatment-associated risks.

Bimekizumab as an Effective Treatment in Darier Disease: Clinical Outcomes of a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis of Patients Treated with Biologics.

Mechanism-guided therapy in monogenic/inherited disease

Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

M2-associated microglial states in oligodendrocyte regulation and white matter repair in vascular dementia.

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells cross-react with tumor-associated antigens via molecular mimicry.

Comparative efficacy of different exercise interventions for improving quality of life, depression, and anxiety in older adults with cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Development and internal validation of an explainable machine learning model for predicting functional disability trajectories in hospitalized older patients with chronic low back pain.

Targeted AAV gene therapy for neuroblastoma via direct capsid-antibody coupling.

A pro-inflammatory metastasis-associated macrophage subset induces tumor-promoting mesothelial cell conversion in ovarian cancer via IL-1α secretion.

Microtubule posttranslational modifications provide unique recognition patterns for associated proteins.

PQBP1-dependent alternative RNA splicing underlies high calorie diet-induced cognitive impairment.

Advancing clinical trials for rare renal cell carcinoma subtypes: Consensus statements from the International Kidney Cancer Symposium North America 2025 think tank.

Consensus practice recommendations for management of sleep dysfunction in Parkinson disease.

Discovery and engineering of bispecific TCR-mimic antibodies targeting peptide-HLA complex.

ADHD medication use and risk of self-harm: a multinational self-controlled case series study.

A therapeutic atlas of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease.

Effects of six weeks of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation with and without creatine monohydrate on cognitive function and markers of health in healthy adults.

LINC00707 Silencing Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in LPS-stimulated BV2 Microglia via the miR-145-5p/TRAF6 Axis in Spinal Cord Injury.

Prediction of Residual Disease in Unresectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.

Th17 cells and IL-17A in traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.

Bracing for the storm: emerging resistance mechanisms to KRAS inhibitors in pancreatic cancer and strategies to overcome them.

Weight regain following discontinuation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in adults who are overweight or obese: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Repurposing antimicrobial agents for neuroprotection: Mechanisms, clinical potential, and challenges.

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2026.

Exploring the therapeutic applications of metformin in articular cartilage repair: mechanistic insights and translational perspectives.

Oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonists: a new Frontier in cardiometabolic medicine.

Sports medicine rehabilitation and recovery optimization

Orthobiologics in anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Could creatine supplementation combined with physical rehabilitation accelerate return to play in athletes with patellar tendinopathy?

GLP-1/GIP incretin therapies: efficacy, discontinuation, and emerging roles (incl. dermatology)

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for Obesity: A Systematic Review.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Musculoskeletal Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

The Expanding Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Agonists in Dermatology: From Immunometabolism to Clinical Practice.

Infectious disease models, surveillance, and public health interventions

Navigating Therapeutic Frontiers: A Meta-review and Meta-analysis of COVID-19 Treatment Options.

Pathogenesis and natural history of the Bundibugyo species of Orthoebolavirus in nonhuman primates.

Latent tuberculosis infection and risk of cancer-specific mortality: a 10-year prospective cohort study in rural China.

Establishment and application of a multiplex qPCR panel for multi-host surveillance of tick-Borne pathogens.

Antiviral therapies are associated with reduced mortality but under-utilized in patients with viral hepatocellular carcinoma: a multinational REAL-HCC study.

Cancer cell/tumor microenvironment immunometabolism and immune remodeling

Microbial Signals in Cancer: Dissecting Host-Microbiota-Tumor Interactions and Potential Therapeutic Strategy.

Immune metabolic reprogramming in MASLD.

Lack of tumor-derived LCN2 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to ferroptosis induction.