PubMed Trending Research Digest — September 15, 2026

Automated digest · 98 articles · 15 research areas · September 15, 2026

Overview

Across this digest, a dominant theme is precision medicine enabled by molecular profiling and advanced analytics. Multiple studies use single-cell/multi-omics (e.g., tumor-associated macrophage specialization in ovarian cancer; B-cell clonal evolution in IgM gammopathies; TAM/TME and microbiome frameworks) and explainable AI/ML tools (pain assessment, disability trajectory prediction, psychiatric readmission risk, immunotherapy selection, and AI-ECG guidance). Together, these works emphasize moving from broad clinical categories toward mechanism- and biomarker-informed stratification to improve prognosis and treatment targeting.

A second major thread links immune regulation to disease outcomes and therapy resistance. Mechanistic papers span virus–tumor cross-reactive T cells via molecular mimicry, checkpoint blockade modulation (including OX40L as a biomarker lever), and radioresistance in glioblastoma through CD81–autophagy–PD-L1 signaling. Reviews and preclinical studies also highlight how epigenetic/chromatin and metabolic circuits reshape immune function (e.g., KDM6B in psoriasis monocytes; FAT10 pathway structure; IL-1β repression in candidiasis; IFNAR1-dependent neutrophil metabolic programming), suggesting that combining pathway-specific interventions may overcome resistance.

Finally, several clinically oriented studies and protocols focus on improving real-world care delivery and safety: exercise modalities for mental health in older adults with cancer, infection prevention bundles in spine surgery, antibiotic stewardship to reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and consensus guidance for rare cancers, Parkinson sleep dysfunction, and other management frameworks. In parallel, cardiometabolic and endocrine research (GLP-1RA/tirzepatide comparisons, sarcopenia biomarkers, and metabolic links to myopia and cognitive impairment) underscores how systemic metabolic state can influence both chronic disease risk and therapeutic outcomes.

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Epigenetics & chromatin regulation in disease

SelO functions as a tumor suppressor through AMPylating Cdk5rap3.

This study investigated the protein adenylyltransferase SELENOO (SelO) in mouse models and cancer cells to define how chemotherapy-induced AMPylation regulates tumor behavior. SelO knockout in mice promoted primary tumor development and metastasis, while cytosolic SelO suppressed cancer cell proliferation and migration by AMPylating Cdk5rap3 at T328 to enhance Cdk5rap3–ARF interaction and thereby alter ARF/SUMOylation-linked signaling. These findings identify SelO–Cdk5rap3 AMPylation as a mechanistic tumor-suppressive pathway with potential therapeutic relevance in cancer.

Wu L, Wu J, Xie W et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structural determinants for FAT10 activation and transfer from UBA6 to E2 enzymes.

This structural biology study used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to define how the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 is activated by the E1 enzyme UBA6 and transferred to E2 enzymes, clarifying how FAT10 differs from ubiquitin in this pathway. The authors found that FAT10 monopolizes UBA6 by out-competing ubiquitin for thiolation and blocking the adenylation domain, which prevents further UBL recruitment and promotes FAT10 signaling, with FAT10 transfer restricted to a select subset of E2 enzymes. The scientific significance is that it provides a mechanistic, structure-based explanation for FAT10 pathway control that could inform strategies to modulate FAT10 signaling in disease.

Ellison CJ, Riechmann C, Dalietou EV et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Epigenetic repression of IL-1β by C1QBP restricts Dectin-1-mediated host defense against murine invasive candidiasis.

This study investigated how epigenetic repression of IL-1β by C1QBP limits Dectin-1-mediated host defense during murine invasive candidiasis. It identified C1QBP as a negative regulator of Dectin-1-driven IL-1β production by sequestering phosphorylated PKCδ in the cytoplasm to prevent nuclear transport, thereby altering downstream signaling involving RNF20/RNF40 ubiquitin ligase activity. The scientific significance is that it reveals a C1QBP–PKCδ–IL-1β regulatory mechanism that could be targeted to strengthen antifungal immunity in invasive Candida infections.

Wang H, Yang YH, Tang JJ et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Structural insights into Sld3-Sld7-dependent Cdc45 loading during replication initiation.

The study investigated how DDK kinase phosphorylation primes the MCM2-7 double hexamer for Sld3-Sld7 binding and Cdc45 loading during replication initiation in budding yeast. Cryo-EM structures of MCM2-7 DH–Sld3–Sld7 (MS) and MCM2-7 DH–Sld3–Sld7–Cdc45 (MSC) showed that the autoinhibitory Mcm4 tail engages Mcm4 and Mcm6, and that DDK-dependent phosphorylation makes two Sld3 motifs that read out the phosphorylation state contact Mcm4 and Mcm6 while the Sld3 Treslin domain binds Mcm2. These structural insights clarify the molecular mechanism coupling kinase signaling to helicase activation and genome stability, informing how replication initiation is regulated and potentially how it fails in disease.

Noguchi Y, Saleh A, Schneider S et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Glycosylation orchestrates megakaryocytic fate of hematopoietic stem cells via Wnt-MUC13 signaling.

The study examined how glycosylation controls megakaryocytic fate decisions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through Wnt–MUC13 signaling in the bone marrow niche. The authors identified the glycosyltransferase B4GALT1 as a central regulator of hematopoiesis that generates complex glycan niches integrating extrinsic niche cues with intrinsic transcriptional programs. This work links specific glycosylation machinery (B4GALT1) to fate specification via Wnt–MUC13, providing a new targetable axis for disorders of platelet production and HSC dysregulation.

Roisman A, Rivadeneyra L, Conroy L et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TogoPhosTAC as a delivery-ready platform for targeted protein dephosphorylation.

The study developed and tested togoPhosTAC, a delivery-ready platform for targeted protein dephosphorylation using induced proximity. The authors combined a small-molecule PhosTAC with an engineered FKBP12F36V-phosphatase and a lipid nanoparticle delivery system to enable delivery of preassembled PhosTAC–FKBP12F36V-phosphatase complexes or phosphatase mRNA for rapid intracellular dephosphorylation. This provides a practical approach to overcome limitations in recruiting phosphatase subunits with small molecules, expanding the toolkit for precision control of phosphorylation signaling in cells.

Chen YY, Ke DT, Lee YC et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

KDM6B inhibition modulates monocyte activation and alleviates IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation.

This experimental study evaluated whether inhibiting the histone demethylase KDM6B modulates monocyte activation and reduces inflammation in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. The key finding is that pharmacologic KDM6-family inhibition with GSK-J4 after disease onset decreases inflammatory monocyte activation and alters H3K27me3 at promoters of inflammatory and metabolic genes. Scientifically, it links epigenetic regulation (H3K27 demethylation via KDM6B) to monocyte metabolic reprogramming in psoriasis pathogenesis and suggests a potential therapeutic target.

Damara A, Abassi N, Mihoc D et al. · Cell communication and signaling : CCS · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Exercise, rehabilitation & functional outcomes in aging/cancer

Diaphragmatic Breathing as an Adjunctive Approach in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Narrative Review of Its Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence.

This narrative review examined diaphragmatic breathing (DB) as an adjunct non-pharmacologic intervention for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), focusing on mechanistic links to anti-reflux barrier function and summarizing clinical evidence. The key finding is that DB may improve crural diaphragm function and thereby reduce reflux by strengthening the anti-reflux barrier, potentially benefiting patients who do not respond adequately to proton pump inhibitors. Clinically, DB represents a low-risk, scalable behavioral strategy that could complement standard GERD therapy, though the evidence base is synthesized rather than newly tested in a single trial.

Semwal A, Jha S, Kumar A et al. · Advances in mind-body medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Functional and muscle recovery after critical illness: current and future nutritional, physical and metabolic strategies.

This review article examined the current state and future directions of nutritional, physical, and metabolic strategies to improve recovery after critical illness, focusing on ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) in mechanically ventilated patients. It highlights that ICUAW affects roughly half of such patients and that existing diagnostic approaches (e.g., Medical Research Council sum score) lose sensitivity during convalescence, requiring multidimensional assessment aligned with the PRACTICE core outcome set. The scientific significance is that it frames how to better measure and target persistent muscle and functional deficits after ICU care to improve long-term quality of life and healthcare utilization.

Pierre A, Lancel S, Bertrac J et al. · Annals of intensive care · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Orthobiologics in anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

This narrative review examined orthobiologic strategies for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, focusing on biologic rationale and current clinical applications aimed at improving healing in the intra-articular environment. The key finding is that orthobiologics are being pursued to enhance graft ligamentization and tendon-bone healing, but the evidence base remains limited and constrained by the ACL’s poor intrinsic healing capacity. This is significant for sports medicine because it clarifies where orthobiologics may help and where stronger clinical evidence is still needed.

Bouchard MD, Rocha De Faria JL, Vinagre G et al. · Journal of experimental orthopaedics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Association between the ratio of uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (UHR) and the abnormal risk of sarcopenia: Evidence from two large population-based surveys and interpretable machine learning-driven sarcopenia screening.

This study investigated the association between the uric acid-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR) and abnormal sarcopenia risk using two nationally representative population surveys (US and South Korea) and an interpretable machine learning-driven sarcopenia screening framework. It found that higher UHR was associated with increased sarcopenia risk and used interpretable models to support screening performance and risk stratification. These findings suggest UHR as a practical biomarker and support data-driven approaches for identifying sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

Luo Y, Wang A, Wu M et al. · Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparative efficacy of different exercise interventions for improving quality of life, depression, and anxiety in older adults with cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), mind-body exercise (MBE), and multimodal exercise (ME) for improving quality of life, depression, and anxiety in older adults (mean age ≥65) with cancer. The key finding is the relative efficacy ranking of these exercise modalities for mental health and quality-of-life outcomes across included randomized controlled trials. Clinically, it supports evidence-based selection of exercise type to address depression/anxiety in an aging cancer population.

Zhang W, Li X, Zhang D et al. · BMC geriatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Neuroinflammation, dementia & neurodegeneration mechanisms

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Review.

This review studied idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in older adults (prevalence ~1–4% in those ≥65 years and ~6–8% in those ≥80 years) to summarize current understanding of its multifactorial pathophysiology. It found that iNPH involves interactions among cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation, vascular dysfunction, and white matter injury, and it occurs without a known antecedent event such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Scientifically and clinically, clarifying these mechanisms supports improved diagnostic reasoning and informs treatment strategies for gait impairment, urinary dysfunction, and cognitive decline.

Maroufi SF, Yasar S, Moghekar A et al. · JAMA · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

IFNAR1-dependent metabolic circuit drives pathogenic neutrophil activation in chronic mucosal inflammation.

The study examined how an IFNAR1-dependent metabolic circuit regulates pathogenic neutrophil activation in chronic mucosal inflammation across distinct mucosal tissues. Using single-cell transcriptomics and a CRISPR-based functional screen, the authors identified the mitochondrial iron transporter Mitoferrin-1 (SLC25A37) as a key regulator of neutrophil inflammatory programming driven by iron homeostasis downstream of IFNAR1. This mechanistic link suggests a potential therapeutic strategy to selectively dampen neutrophil-mediated tissue damage without broadly suppressing antimicrobial immunity in chronic inflammatory disease.

Pessoa Rodrigues C, R Calçada R, Arnaud M et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hippocampal Caspase-4 non-canonical inflammasome activation is associated with microglia-synapse crosstalk disruption and drives depression-like behaviors.

This preclinical study tested whether hippocampal non-canonical inflammasome activation via caspase-4 in male C57BL/6J mice contributes to microglia–synapse crosstalk disruption and depression-like behaviors using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and behavioral assays (TST, FST, SPT). The key finding is that caspase-4–dependent non-canonical inflammasome activation is linked to neuroinflammatory changes that impair synaptic plasticity and drive depression-like phenotypes. Scientifically, it implicates the caspase-4 non-canonical inflammasome as a mechanistic target beyond the canonical NLRP3 pathway in depression-related neuroinflammation.

Lu C, Wang Y, Dai G et al. · Brain, behavior, and immunity · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Variations in the clinical characteristics of geographic atrophy among Caucasians, Japanese Americans in Hawaii, and Japanese in Japan.

This retrospective study compared geographic atrophy (GA) clinical characteristics among Caucasians in Hawaii, Japanese Americans in Hawaii, and Japanese individuals in Japan using near-infrared OCT-based measurements within a 6×6 mm² scan area. The key finding is that GA phenotypes and measured characteristics differ across these ethnic/geographic groups after adjustment for age and sex. These results are significant for understanding population-level variability in GA progression and for improving the generalizability of OCT-based clinical assessments and future trials.

Fujimoto S, Kokame GT, Kawasaki R et al. · Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Vestibular Schwannoma in the Precision Medicine Era: An Updated Narrative Review of Molecular Insights, Imaging Biomarkers, and Evolving Management Strategies.

This narrative review synthesized molecular and imaging advances relevant to vestibular schwannoma (VS), including multi-omic findings (e.g., single-cell and spatial transcriptomics and methylation profiling) and emerging imaging biomarkers such as quantitative MRI/radiomics and radiogenomic approaches. The key finding is that VS appears biologically heterogeneous, with distinct Schwann cell states and microenvironmental programs that may explain variability in growth, hearing decline, and treatment response. Scientifically and clinically, it highlights how precision medicine tools are moving VS management beyond size- and symptom-based decisions toward more reproducible, biomarker-driven risk stratification.

Donnini F, Rubino G, Battaglia G et al. · The journal of international advanced otology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Treated With Lecanemab Stratified by Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormality Status.

This retrospective cohort study characterized demographic, vascular comorbidity, and APOE genotype features among Alzheimer’s disease patients treated with lecanemab, stratified by amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs) status, at a single academic institution (Dec 4, 2023 to Oct 28, 20[?]). The key finding is the real-world relationship between ARIA status and routine clinical/demographic variables, including APOE ε4-related risk context. This is significant because it can refine safety monitoring and counseling for patients receiving lecanemab beyond APOE ε4 alone.

Rohatgi S, Younan CM, Martinez Imbett RE et al. · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

M2-associated microglial states in oligodendrocyte regulation and white matter repair in vascular dementia.

This review examines how M2-associated microglial states (M2a-, M2b-, and M2c-like) influence oligodendrocyte regulation and white matter repair in vascular dementia (VaD). The key finding is that microglial phenotypes in VaD are better explained by experimentally defined inducing conditions and molecular/functional evidence than by the classical M1/M2 dichotomy. The significance is that it reframes microglial targeting strategies to support remyelination and oligodendrocyte maturation in a dementia subtype lacking approved disease-modifying therapies.

Zhang Q, Zhang B, Wang Y et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

PQBP1-dependent alternative RNA splicing underlies high calorie diet-induced cognitive impairment.

This mechanistic animal study investigated how a high calorie-high fat diet suppresses PPARγ-mediated transcription of the RNA splicing factor PQBP1 and thereby drives cognitive impairment. RNA-seq analyses in HFD-fed mice and PQBP1 conditional knockout mice revealed shared alternative splicing changes enriched in synapse-related genes, highlighting CASK, Cacnb1, and Cyfip2 as core network molecules. These results link diet-induced metabolic stress to PQBP1-dependent splicing dysregulation, suggesting potential molecular targets for preventing cognitive decline.

Huang Y, Homma H, Yoshioka Y et al. · Molecular psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer therapeutics & targeted drug delivery (ADCs, CAR-T/iNKT, vaccines, radioligands, phage)

The mRNA-Based Therapeutic Vaccine NTX250 Induces Potent Antitumor Immunity in HPV-Driven Cancers.

This study investigated the mRNA-based therapeutic vaccine NTX250 in HPV-driven cancers to determine whether it can induce antitumor immunity and target persistent HPV infection. NTX250 was reported to induce potent antitumor immune responses in HPV-driven malignancies, addressing a key limitation of existing therapies that often treat lesions without eradicating persistent HPV. The results support NTX250 as a potential therapeutic platform for HPV-associated cancers where durable immune clearance of infection is needed.

Leong M, Liu W, Fay N et al. · Cancer research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Tambotatug Pelitecan in Small-Cell Lung Cancer after Platinum-Based Therapy.

This phase 3 randomized trial studied tambotatug pelitecan (Tam-Peli), an antibody-drug conjugate targeting B7-H3, versus topotecan in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) that progressed after first-line platinum-based therapy. The key finding was the comparative clinical efficacy of Tam-Peli on overall survival as the primary endpoint, with progression-free survival and objective response as key secondary endpoints. This trial is clinically significant because it evaluates a next-generation B7-H3–directed ADC option for relapsed SCLC after platinum failure.

Zhao Y, Liu H, Meng X et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Engineered Bacteriophages in Cancer Immunotherapy: Emerging Concepts and Potential Integration with CAR-T Cell Therapy.

This review studied engineered bacteriophages as a cancer immunotherapy platform, with emphasis on how they could be integrated with CAR-T cell therapy to overcome solid-tumor resistance. It found that phage engineering—via genome modification, capsid decoration with mammalian cell-targeting ligands, and hybrid AAV/phage approaches—can deliver tumor-associated antigens and payloads (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, or suicide genes) while avoiding natural mammalian infection. The scientific significance is a modular strategy to improve tumor targeting and payload delivery, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of CAR-T and other immunotherapies in solid tumors.

Alrahimi J · Folia biologica · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tarlatamab in Relapsed SCLC With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Case With Comparative DLL3 Expression Analysis: Case Report.

This case report studied a 67-year-old man with relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in the setting of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) to assess feasibility and response to tarlatamab. After cisplatin plus etoposide led to acute IPF exacerbation treated with corticosteroids, the patient started tarlatamab and achieved tumor shrinkage with a partial response, with transient ground-glass opacities resolving and no new toxicities reported in the truncated abstract. The clinical significance is that tarlatamab may be a treatment option for relapsed SCLC in patients with interstitial lung disease, though evidence is limited to a single comparative DLL3-expression case.

Takamura M, Tamura K, Sugito R et al. · JTO clinical and research reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Skin organoid-derived exosomes in a hydrogel system potentiate skin wound healing.

This study investigated whether skin organoid-derived exosomes (SKO-Exo) delivered via a hydrogel sustained-release system (Exo-Gel) can enhance skin wound healing. The key finding was that integrating SKO-Exo into Exo-Gel improved wound-healing outcomes compared with limitations of free exosomes, addressing rapid clearance and improving tissue-specific therapeutic delivery. The clinical significance is a cell-free, skin-mimetic exosome therapy platform with improved delivery kinetics that could advance translation for acute or chronic wounds.

Yang T, Zheng W, Li Y et al. · Materials today. Bio · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-world outcomes after Mirvetuximab Soravtansine treatment for recurrent ovarian Cancer: Results from a university setting.

This retrospective real-world study evaluated outcomes and toxicity of mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV), an antibody-drug conjugate targeting folate receptor alpha (FRα), in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer treated at a tertiary NCI-designated cancer center and an affiliated private hospital. MIRV use in a general gynecologic oncology population showed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes and a toxicity profile that were assessed against the more stringent eligibility seen in pivotal trials. These findings are clinically significant because they help define the effectiveness and safety of FRα-targeted MIRV in routine practice for recurrent ovarian cancer patients who may differ from trial populations.

Jones AV, Furuya RL, Massad LS et al. · Gynecologic oncology reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Molecular Subtyping of Biliary Tract Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Implications.

This retrospective clinicopathological study analyzed 42 biliary tract neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) across anatomic sites (intrahepatic bile duct, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, and ampulla of Vater) and used immunohistochemistry to molecularly subtype tumors by ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, or null categories. The study found subtype-specific clinicopathological features and assessed disease-specific survival (DSS), including reported incidence ranges of NEC in the surgical cohort across anatomic sites. The clinical significance is that immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtyping can refine prognosis and diagnostic boundaries for this rare, aggressive cancer entity.

Asai Y, Esaki M, Nara S et al. · The American journal of surgical pathology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Enhancing iNKT cell immunotherapy through the integration of optimized CAR endodomains and iNKT engagers.

This preclinical study optimized iNKT cell CAR immunotherapy for multiple myeloma by testing CAR endodomains and combining CAR-iNKT with iNKT-specific engagers. It found that among five CAR endodomains, BCMA CD28z CAR-iNKT produced the highest anti-myeloma activity, driven by increased avidity and cross-talk between Plexin D1 on CAR-iNKT and Semaphorin 4A on myeloma cells, and that BCMA CD28z CAR-iNKT outperformed CAR-T counterparts. The significance is that it provides a rational design strategy—optimized CAR endodomains plus high-efficacy BCMA iNKT-specific engagers—to enhance iNKT-based therapy against myeloma.

Ponnusamy K, Karaxhuku K, Jiang Y et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Adjuvant Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Stage IB-IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Exploratory 8-year Overall Survival Landmark Update from the ADAURA Trial [161/175].

This post hoc exploratory analysis evaluated long-term overall survival after completion of adjuvant therapy in 682 patients with resected EGFR-mutated stage IB–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer randomized in the ADAURA trial to osimertinib versus placebo. The study reports updated 8-year overall survival landmark results using follow-up data collected through 2023–2026 for patients alive at the planned final OS analysis. These findings extend the clinical significance of adjuvant osimertinib in EGFR-driven early-stage NSCLC by characterizing durability of survival benefit after treatment completion.

Wu YL, Majem M, John T et al. · Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Integrated Analysis of HER2 Expression and ERBB2 Alterations in Bladder Cancer.

This integrated multi-omics analysis evaluated HER2 protein expression and ERBB2 alterations in 445 bladder cancer cases (306 muscle-invasive and 139 non-muscle-invasive) from the OMPU-NCC cohort using whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and refined HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scoring. The key finding is that HER2 IHC positivity and ERBB2 genetic/transcriptomic alterations show non-identical patterns across tumor subgroups, indicating complex relationships between protein expression, genomic status, and clinical outcomes. Clinically, this supports more precise patient selection for HER2-targeted therapies such as trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) by integrating IHC with genomic and transcriptomic context.

Hirosuna K, Nishimura K, Sakamoto M et al. · Cancer science · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Plus Short-Course Priming With Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial (Lu-PRIME).

This investigator-initiated single-arm phase 2 trial (Lu-PRIME) evaluated short-course enzalutamide priming with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who progressed on at least one taxane and androgen-receptor pathway inhibitor. The key finding is that administering enzalutamide (160 mg/day) for 7 days before and after [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 is being assessed for efficacy and safety in the setting of PSMA upregulation after androgen-receptor pathway inhibition. Clinically, the trial tests whether this priming strategy can improve outcomes with PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy in mCRPC.

Aggarwal P, Sood A, Satapathy S et al. · The Prostate · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

cRGD-Targeted Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Ag, Quercetin and PD-L1 siRNA with Combined Antibacterial and Immunotherapeutic Functions Against Fusobacterium nucleatum-Associated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

This preclinical nanomedicine study engineered cRGD-targeted nanoparticles (Ag@GQDs/QUE-siP-c-L) co-loaded with silver nanoparticles, quercetin, and PD-L1 siRNA to treat Fusobacterium nucleatum-associated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The key finding is the design rationale and functional intent to combine antibacterial activity against Fn with immunotherapeutic PD-L1 gene silencing to overcome immunosuppression and therapeutic resistance. Scientifically, it targets a specific tumor–microbe axis (Fn) and a defined immune checkpoint mechanism (PD-L1) to enhance antitumor efficacy in TNBC models.

Zhang J, Kong X, Wu X et al. · International journal of nanomedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Receptor Co‑targeting Strategies for Personalized Ovarian Cancer Therapy.

This review article discussed receptor co-targeting strategies for personalized ovarian cancer therapy, emphasizing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and the potential to dual-target co-expressed tumor cell surface receptor pairs. The key finding is that co-targeting can broaden tumor coverage and enable more precise delivery of synergistically active payloads while potentially mitigating dose-limiting toxicity and accounting for tumor heterogeneity. This is significant because it frames how personalized ADC designs could improve outcomes in platinum-resistant or recurrent ovarian cancer.

Rajapaksha W, Eldi P, Gillam TA et al. · International journal of nanomedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immunotherapy With Anti-PD-1 Versus Anti-PD-L1 in SCLC: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis.

This retrospective analysis studied 171 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients treated from January 2016 to June 2023 (follow-up through June 30, 2024) to compare immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-PD-1 versus anti-PD-L1 in combination with chemoradiotherapy. It found that among patients receiving immunotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy, median overall survival was longer with anti-PD-1 (48.3 months) than with anti-PD-L1 (25.2 months), while also evaluating safety differences. The results provide comparative real-world evidence that may inform selection of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade strategies in SCLC.

Yang R, Gan J, Yang L et al. · MedComm · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted AAV gene therapy for neuroblastoma via direct capsid-antibody coupling.

This preclinical study developed AAV-STITCH, an AAV capsid engineering strategy using SpyTag technology to covalently couple an anti-GD2 scFv to a galactose-binding-deficient AAV9-W503A capsid for targeted gene therapy of GD2-expressing neuroblastoma. In pseudometastatic xenograft mouse models, AAV-STITCHαGD2 selectively transduced neuroblastoma tumor cells while avoiding transduction of healthy liver tissue. The approach advances cell-specific AAV targeting to improve safety and efficacy for neuroblastoma gene therapy.

Luoni M, Parracino S, Giannelli SG et al. · EMBO molecular medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

CFTR modulation alter pancreatic cancer cell growth and signaling: implications for cancer risk in cystic fibrosis.

This in vitro study assessed how CFTR modulation affects pancreatic cancer cell growth and signaling in the context of cystic fibrosis by comparing human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma lines (PANC-1, CFPAC-1) and primary pig pancreatic duct epithelial cells with wild-type, F508del, or null CFTR. CFTR function was restored using adenoviral transfection (Ad5CMVCFTR-GFP) or ETI (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor), and downstream effects on proliferation and cell-cycle/DNA synthesis kinetics were measured. The findings are relevant to evaluating whether CFTR modulators alter pancreatic ductal biology and thereby influence pancreatic cancer risk in people with cystic fibrosis.

O’Malley Y, Keen H, Thornell IM et al. · Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Sequencing CD19-targeted therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma: A narrative review.

This narrative review examined how to sequence CD19-targeted therapies—including CD19 CAR-T cells, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates—in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma. It highlights that prior exposure to the same antigen can influence subsequent outcomes, but that direct evidence on optimal sequencing remains limited. Clinically, the review supports more rational treatment planning and identifies a need for trials to define best sequencing strategies after CD19-directed treatment.

Caimi PF, Danesi R, Iacoboni G et al. · Blood reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Preclinical development of ABL206, a novel bispecific antibody-drug conjugate targeting B7-H3 and ROR1.

This preclinical study evaluated ABL206 (NEOK001), a bispecific antibody-drug conjugate targeting B7-H3 and ROR1, in vitro and as a candidate solid-tumor therapy. ABL206 was engineered as a 2+2 bispecific with site-specific conjugation of the exatecan-based payload tavatecan using GlycoConnect technology (DAR 4), showing dual antigen binding, internalization, and potent target-dependent cytotoxicity with bystander killing. These findings support ABL206’s further development as a more selective and effective ADC strategy for B7-H3/ROR1 co-expressing solid tumors.

Kwon JA, Lee S, Kim J et al. · mAbs · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Discovery and engineering of bispecific TCR-mimic antibodies targeting peptide-HLA complex.

This study developed an integrated platform to generate human TCR-mimic antibodies that recognize specific peptide-HLA complexes and then engineered them into bispecific TCR-mimic antibodies to redirect T cells to kill tumor cells. Using pHLA immunogens, fully human transgenic mice, single B-cell discovery, and whole-proteome off-target screening (X-Scan), the authors produced high-specificity/high-affinity peptide-HLA binders with potent T-cell redirection in bispecific formats. Scientifically, the platform expands antibody targeting to intracellular antigens via peptide-HLA recognition and provides a route to safer, more precise T-cell–engaging therapies.

Watkins-Yoon J, Lu WC, Petrunak EM et al. · mAbs · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with afatinib for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (neoCHANCE-2): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study.

This open-label, single-arm phase 2 trial (neoCHANCE-2; NCT05516589) evaluated neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy combining afatinib with dual blockade of PD-1 and EGFR in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Participants received two cycles of tislelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel/cisplatin with concurrent afatinib during the treatment period. The study is clinically significant because it tests a specific regimen that could improve response rates and inform future randomized neoadjuvant strategies in LA-HNSCC.

Wei Z, Chen H, Wang D et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

PLP1-triggered NOT gate to address neurotoxicity risk of PSMA-targeted prostate cancer therapy.

This preclinical study proposed a “PLP1-triggered NOT gate” strategy to reduce neurotoxicity risk for PSMA-targeted prostate cancer therapies by limiting activity in the central/peripheral nervous system. The rationale is based on PSMA expression in CNS/PNS (detected by RNA-Seq at levels that can exceed prostate expression), which may allow PSMA-targeted agents to access neural antigens and cause on-target/off-tumor toxicity. Scientifically, the NOT-gate design aims to preserve antitumor targeting while adding a safety layer against PSMA-driven neurotoxicity.

Shafaattalab S, Partin A, Winters A et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Public health, epidemiology & clinical practice protocols (incl. infection prevention, consensus guidelines)

Long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence and discontinuation: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.

This global systematic review and meta-analysis studied adherence and discontinuation of long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) across published studies up to July 1, 2026, including long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations. The key finding is a synthesized estimate of how often participants receive on-time doses and how frequently they stop or are lost to follow-up, addressing evidence gaps in long-acting PrEP behavior. Scientifically and clinically, the results inform expectations for real-world persistence and support programmatic decisions for long-acting PrEP implementation.

Feng X, Wu X, Fitzpatrick TS et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Differentiating hypothalamic from pituitary adrenal insufficiency: underlying causes and diagnostic utility of the corticotropin-releasing hormone and growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 stimulation tests.

The study evaluated when insulin tolerance testing (ITT) is necessary in addition to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation testing to differentiate hypothalamic versus pituitary secondary adrenal insufficiency. Retrospective analysis of 69 patients who underwent both tests (2015–2024) showed that among cases with insufficient cortisol response on ITT (diagnosed as SAI), a CRH cortisol cutoff of ≥18 μg/dL indicated hypothalamic SAI while <18 μg/dL indicated pituitary SAI. This diagnostic framework improves clinical decision-making by identifying patients who require ITT to localize the defect in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.

Okada N, Nakagawa T, Murahashi N et al. · Endocrine journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lipoprotein(a) in Japan: An Expert Consensus Statement.

This expert consensus statement studied the clinical management of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in Japan, integrating domestic epidemiology and laboratory standardization needs. It emphasizes that although median Lp(a) levels in Japan are lower than in Western populations, individuals with elevated Lp(a) concentrations (notably ≥125 nmol/L) have substantial incremental risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), citing evidence including the LEAP Study. The significance is that it provides Japan-specific recommendations for Lp(a) measurement and risk thresholds to support more consistent cardiovascular risk stratification.

Yoshida M, Ogura M, Tada H et al. · Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cochlear Implant Electrode Impedances: A 5-Year Study.

This retrospective cohort study followed 79 cochlear implant (CI) recipients (136 implanted ears) for 5 years to characterize electrode impedance (EI) patterns across 12 electrodes grouped into apical, middle, and basal regions. The key finding is that apical electrodes showed stable impedance over time, whereas middle and basal electrodes exhibited significant impedance increases during the 5-year period. This is clinically significant because long-term EI trends inform monitoring of electrode–tissue interface stability and may guide expectations for stimulation consistency over time.

Sharaf R, Saleh S, Abdelsamad Y et al. · The journal of international advanced otology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

First United States Experience With Focal Pulsed-Field Ablation Using the FARAPOINT Catheter for Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia.

This retrospective study evaluated focal pulsed-field ablation (PFA) using the FARAPOINT (Boston Scientific) catheter in 10 consecutive patients with drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) at a single US VA Health Care System between July 2025 and May 2026. The authors report the first US experience with FARAPOINT focal PFA-only VT ablation in this refractory population, describing procedural outcomes and safety in these consecutive cases. These early real-world data are clinically important because they help establish feasibility and performance of a specific focal PFA platform for VT in the US, where manufacturer-specific PFA systems are not equivalent.

Reyes JL, Munshi R, Goebel C et al. · Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether atopic dermatitis (AD) in pregnant women is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes by pooling cohort studies identified from MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL through 7 September 2025. The key finding is the quantified association between maternal AD and specific adverse outcomes (e.g., obstetric complications and neonatal endpoints such as preterm birth and impaired fetal growth), synthesized across included studies. Clinically, the results support improved maternal counseling and risk stratification for pregnant patients with AD.

Liu WY, Chen E, Tai CC et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Disease progression in hidradenitis suppurativa: A multidimensional framework.

This narrative review proposed a multidimensional framework for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) disease progression, synthesizing evidence on how recurrent follicular inflammation, tunnel formation, and systemic inflammation lead to cumulative tissue damage and comorbidities. The key contribution is the lack of a single consensus definition and the authors’ working model that defines progression across multiple dimensions (including objective severity measures such as Hurley transitions and International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System components) and links determinants to detection tools and consequences. Scientifically, this framework can standardize how progression is measured and studied, enabling better clinical trials and more consistent patient management.

Molina-Leyva A, Benhadou F, Sali E et al. · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Navigating Therapeutic Frontiers: A Meta-review and Meta-analysis of COVID-19 Treatment Options.

This meta-review and umbrella meta-analysis evaluated COVID-19 treatment options by identifying existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses and then performing an updated umbrella meta-analysis (with DerSimonian–Laird pooling) with mortality as the main outcome. The key finding is the comparative effect estimates across multiple therapeutic options synthesized from prior meta-analytic evidence. Scientifically and clinically, this approach helps rank or contextualize which treatments may reduce mortality, while accounting for the heterogeneity of the underlying meta-analyses.

Mousavi S, Ardekani MB, Feizi A · Journal of research in pharmacy practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Predictors of high- versus low-intensity first-line multiple sclerosis treatments.

This claims-data study investigated predictors of high- versus low-intensity first-line disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using Merative MarketScan commercial and Medicare supplemental databases. It classified first DMT fills as high-intensity (e.g., natalizumab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, ofatumumab, cladribine) versus low-intensity (e.g., interferon, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide) and analyzed patient factors associated with receiving high-intensity therapy. The results can help anticipate treatment selection patterns and guide earlier optimization of MS care based on real-world predictors.

Chevalier AVG, Murray K, Lin A et al. · Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Advancing clinical trials for rare renal cell carcinoma subtypes: Consensus statements from the International Kidney Cancer Symposium North America 2025 think tank.

This consensus initiative used a modified Delphi process with 46 experts to develop actionable guidance for advancing preclinical and clinical trials for rare non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. The statements address rational therapeutic strategy development across papillary, chromophobe, MiT family/translocation, collecting duct, renal medullary carcinoma, and fumarate hydratase–deficient RCC. The guidance is significant for improving trial feasibility and accelerating drug development in rare RCC variants with limited evidence bases.

Msaouel P, La Rosa S, Abel EJ et al. · Urologic oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Consensus practice recommendations for management of sleep dysfunction in Parkinson disease.

This study developed consensus practice recommendations for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep dysfunction in people with Parkinson disease using a modified Delphi process with expert neurologists. The panel achieved predefined 100% agreement across items after four virtual Delphi rounds synthesizing literature reviews into clinical statements. These consensus guidelines are intended to standardize evidence-informed sleep care in PD to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes.

Maurer CW, Safarpour D, Lee-Iannotti JK et al. · Parkinsonism & related disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Antibiotic-impregnated bone graft to prevent infection after total hip arthroplasty (ABOGRAFT): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

This protocol outlines an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) to test whether antibiotic-impregnated bone grafts reduce prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Participants (planned n=1100) are randomised to receive bone graft impregnated with tobramycin and vancomycin versus placebo, with the primary aim of assessing safety and effectiveness in preventing PJI. Scientifically and clinically, it evaluates a targeted local antibiotic delivery approach to lower infection risk after THA.

Wezenberg D, Hailer NP, Sköldenberg O et al. · BMJ open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multifaceted infection prevention protocol is associated with reduced surgical site infection after spinal fusion: a before-and-after study.

This before-and-after retrospective single-center study assessed whether implementing a multifaceted surgical site infection (SSI) prevention protocol reduces SSI after spinal fusion instrumentation. Among 631 consecutive patients (377 pre-intervention vs 254 post-intervention) undergoing spinal fusion between April 2023 and October 2024, the intervention was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative SSI within the defined follow-up window. The findings support the effectiveness of bundled infection-prevention strategies in real-world spine surgery workflows.

Sohn HJ, Cho JH, Lee DH et al. · The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

OPEN: optimising patient experience in head and neck radiotherapy, a phase 3 randomised control trial comparing open versus closed face masks.

This phase 3 randomised control trial compared open versus closed face masks for head and neck radiotherapy immobilisation, testing whether open masks combined with surface guided radiotherapy (SGRT) maintain setup accuracy while improving patient experience. Non-claustrophobic patients receiving radical radiotherapy were randomised 1:1:1 to a standard closed 5-point mask without SGRT, an open 3-point mask with SGRT, or an open 5-point mask with SGRT. If open SGRT-supported systems perform equivalently for accuracy and safety, they could improve tolerability and patient-centered care in head and neck radiotherapy.

Nicholson J, Ryan S, Malone C et al. · Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

FRONTIER5: Safety and patient experience of a direct switch from emicizumab to denecimig (Mim8) in patients with haemophilia A with or without inhibitors.

This single-arm, open-label phase 3b study (FRONTIER5; NCT05878938) evaluated safety and patient experience in adolescents and adults with haemophilia A with or without factor VIII inhibitors who directly switched from emicizumab to denecimig (Mim8) without washout or loading. Patients transitioned to subcutaneous denecimig maintenance dosing once weekly, once every two weeks, or once monthly, and the study focused on tolerability and patient-reported experience alongside safety outcomes. The results are intended to support a practical, simplified transition strategy to a fully human activated factor VIII mimetic for prophylaxis in haemophilia A.

Hermans C, Benson G, Matino D et al. · Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Autoimmune diseases & immunomodulatory therapy (incl. Sjögren’s, IgG4-RD)

Autoimmune-associated thrombosis: mechanisms, population burden, and prevention strategies.

This review studied autoimmune-associated thrombosis across conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and systemic vasculitis to quantify population burden and summarize prevention strategies. It found that major mechanisms include autoantibody-mediated coagulation activation, endothelial dysfunction, and complement activation, and it distinguishes autoimmune thrombotic disorders like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) from classic autoimmune disease. The scientific and clinical significance is a consolidated framework for diagnosis, risk assessment, and prevention approaches to reduce thrombotic morbidity and mortality in affected populations.

Arachchillage DJ, Preece MV, Laffan M · The Lancet regional health. Europe · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Herbal Extracts and Plant-Derived Bioactives in Atopic Dermatitis: Evidence, Mechanisms, Pediatric Safety, and Translational Priorities.

This review studied herbal extracts and plant-derived bioactives for atopic dermatitis (AD), integrating clinical and preclinical evidence with emphasis on pediatric safety and translational priorities. It reported recurring mechanistic signals including reduced Th2 cytokines and IgE, suppression of mast-cell and IL-31 itch pathways, and restoration of filaggrin and tight-junction proteins. The synthesis identifies candidate natural-product interventions and highlights key gaps needed to advance safe, effective pediatric AD therapies.

Zeng M, Yuan Q, Huang S et al. · Food science & nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies in Sjögren’s disease: current landscape and future perspectives.

This article reviews the current therapeutic landscape and future directions for immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatments in Sjögren’s disease (SjD). The key finding is a consolidated view of which immunological targets and treatment strategies have emerged from the systematic literature review and how they may translate into next-generation therapies. Scientifically and clinically, it helps clinicians and researchers prioritize promising immunomodulatory approaches for a heterogeneous autoimmune condition with limited disease-modifying options.

Yazisiz V · Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Unveiling the molecular and immune heterogeneity across distinct disease activity states of systemic lupus erythematosus through integrative bulk and single-cell transcriptomics.

This study investigated molecular and immune heterogeneity across systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity states defined by SLEDAI using integrative bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from SLE patients. Patients were stratified into SLEDAI-defined inflammatory states, and the analysis aimed to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets associated with heightened inflammatory activity. The results are significant for improving prognostic stratification and guiding targeted interventions based on disease-activity–linked molecular programs.

Shen C, Guo M, Huang J et al. · Lupus science & medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in preventing relapse of IgG4-related disease with re-elevation of serum IgG4 level during maintenance therapy: a protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in China.

This protocol describes a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in China testing whether adding mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) during maintenance therapy reduces relapse in IgG4-related disease patients who show re-elevation of serum IgG4 levels. The key design feature is enrolling 108 eligible patients and randomising them to MMF versus placebo during maintenance to assess flare prevention and safety. If effective, MMF could become an evidence-based steroid-sparing maintenance strategy for a high-relapse subgroup defined by rising IgG4.

Zhang J, Nie Y, Peng L et al. · BMJ open · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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AI/ML for clinical prediction & imaging/decision support

[Expert recommendation on the application and development of artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiography in arrhythmias].

This expert recommendation article addressed how to apply and develop artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiography (AI-ECG) for arrhythmia care, focusing on standardized evaluation and implementation. It emphasizes AI-ECG’s role in early screening, diagnosis, risk assessment, and mobile management of arrhythmia-related diseases and calls for coordinated efforts to promote standardized, dynamic evaluation and open innovation. The significance is that it provides guidance to support safer, more consistent clinical deployment of AI-ECG technologies in arrhythmia practice.

Zhonghua nei ke za zhi · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clinical usability of an explainable AI decision support tool and evaluation of multimodal models in NSCLC.

This international real-world study evaluated the clinical usability of an explainable AI decision support tool and compared multimodal models for immunotherapy selection in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) within the I3LUNG cohort (NCT05537922, n=2,396). Using early fusion (MLEF) and intermediate fusion (DLIF) approaches that integrated real-world clinical data plus blood data, CT images, digital pathology, and genomics, the study found that blood-only machine learning and deep learning models achieved consistent performance. The significance is that it supports practical, explainable multimodal AI approaches for more reliable immunotherapy treatment selection in NSCLC beyond imperfect PD-L1 and clinical scores.

Prelaj A, Miskovic V, Sacco M et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Predicting early psychiatric readmission among people with major depressive disorder: A machine learning analysis from the prospective multicentre DEEP READ study.

This machine-learning analysis used the prospective multicentre DEEP READ cohort to predict early (within 90 days) psychiatric readmission among adults aged 18–65 with DSM-5-TR major depressive disorder (MDD) enrolled across 13 Italian provinces. The study’s key finding is the identification of clinical vulnerability patterns from routinely collected data that improve prediction of unplanned psychiatric readmission compared with more traditional approaches. Clinically, it supports developing risk-stratification tools to target follow-up and relapse-prevention interventions for high-risk MDD patients after discharge.

Bartoli F, Luciano M, Crocamo C et al. · Journal of affective disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gradient Boosting Machine-Based Prognostic Model with SurvSHAP Analysis for Predicting Secondary Loss of Response to Infliximab Therapy in Crohn’s Disease.

This retrospective machine-learning study developed an interpretable, time-dependent prognostic model (with SurvSHAP analysis) to predict secondary loss of response (SLOR) in 637 Crohn’s disease patients initiating infliximab (IFX) at a tertiary center. The key finding is that incorporating multimodal predictors—including IFX trough concentrations and antibodies to infliximab (ATI) during induction and maintenance—improves prediction of SLOR with interpretable feature contributions. Clinically, this can support earlier identification of patients at risk for SLOR and guide more personalized IFX management.

Guo YQ, Wang YT, Gao M et al. · Drug design, development and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Current state of research and future developments of artificial intelligence in pain diagnosis and treatment.

This review summarizes how artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied to pain diagnosis and treatment, focusing on objective pain assessment and precision management. The key finding is that AI research is converging on multimodal data fusion (e.g., facial expressions, voice, physiological signals) for quantifying pain states and on image-analysis approaches for pain-related interpretation. The significance is that it outlines actionable research directions that could improve reproducibility and objectivity in chronic pain care.

Yang Z, Li L, Bo S et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Development and internal validation of an explainable machine learning model for predicting functional disability trajectories in hospitalized older patients with chronic low back pain.

This prospective cohort study in hospitalized older adults with chronic low back pain developed and internally validated an explainable machine learning model to predict heterogeneous functional disability trajectories using baseline general characteristics, disability, pain, physical activity, depression, and frailty. The model identified distinct trajectory patterns and produced an exploratory trajectory-based risk stratification pathway with interpretable features. These findings support more personalized prognostication and targeted interventions to mitigate disability progression in older CLBP patients.

Zhang X, Hu Y, Liao Y et al. · BMC geriatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Deep learning-based CT model for non-invasive prediction of tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer: a multicenter study with prospective validation in an immunochemotherapy cohort.

This multicenter study developed and prospectively validated a deep learning-based CT model to noninvasively predict tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The model was trained on surgically resected PDAC patients and then evaluated across surgical, non-surgical, and a prospective immunochemotherapy cohort to test prognostic and predictive value. If validated, this imaging approach could enable TLS-based patient selection and improved prediction of immunotherapy response without requiring tissue sampling.

Yu H, Li X, Cheng X et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer immunology & tumor microenvironment (TME/TAM/TLS/microbiome)

CD81 drives immune evasion in radioresistant glioblastoma by blocking selective autophagic degradation of CD274/PD-L1.

This mechanistic study investigated how CD81 promotes immune evasion in radioresistant glioblastoma by blocking selective autophagic degradation of CD274/PD-L1, using clinical specimens, single-cell RNA-seq analyses, and orthotopic glioma models with primary CD8+ T cell co-culture. The key finding is that CD81-mediated interference with selective autophagy preserves PD-L1 (CD274) and thereby sustains an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that helps radioresistant GBM avoid CD8+ T cell surveillance. Scientifically, it identifies the CD81–autophagy–PD-L1 axis as a potential therapeutic target to improve immune control of radioresistant glioblastoma after radiotherapy.

Zeng L, Zhou Y, Cai L et al. · Autophagy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tissue-Resident Macrophage in Inflammation and Cancer.

This review studied tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) across organs and their roles in inflammation and cancer, focusing on heterogeneity, developmental origins, and organ-specific niche effects. It concluded that TRM plasticity can shift from protective anti-infectious functions to dysfunction (including sepsis-associated immunoparalysis) and that distinct organ niches create different vulnerabilities. The synthesis highlights TRMs as actionable targets for immunomodulatory strategies in inflammatory disease and cancer.

Huang S, Fan J, Liu W et al. · MedComm · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Microbial Signals in Cancer: Dissecting Host-Microbiota-Tumor Interactions and Potential Therapeutic Strategy.

This review studied how host–microbiota–tumor interactions shape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and therapeutic response, emphasizing intratumoral microbiota and pattern-recognition signaling (including TLR pathways). It found that high-throughput sequencing consistently detects low-biomass bacteria, fungi, and viruses across malignancies, but that mechanistic evidence and early clinical intervention data remain fragmented. The work supports microbiome-informed therapeutic strategies while underscoring the need for causal mechanistic studies to translate associations into clinical interventions.

Lu J, Xuan M, Yu L et al. · MedComm · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells cross-react with tumor-associated antigens via molecular mimicry.

This study tested whether SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells can cross-react with tumor-associated antigens via molecular mimicry by analyzing cross-binding T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires using single-cell RNA TCR sequencing. Using ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs from five healthy individuals with the paired SARS-CoV-2 epitope LLLDDFVEI (VIR) and the PRDX5 tumor antigen LLLDDLLVS (TAA), it identified cross-reactive TCRs. The significance is that it provides mechanistic evidence for virus/vaccine-elicited T-cell recognition of tumor antigens, informing cancer immunology and vaccine immunoprofiling.

Ragone C, Mauriello A, Cavalluzzo B et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A pro-inflammatory metastasis-associated macrophage subset induces tumor-promoting mesothelial cell conversion in ovarian cancer via IL-1α secretion.

This study used single-cell RNA sequencing of patient-derived tumor-associated macrophages from ascites (ascTAMs) and omental metastases (omTAMs) in high-grade ovarian carcinoma to define TAM subsets driving metastatic progression. Omental TAMs showed a mixed M1+/M2+ polarization and promoted tumor-promoting mesothelial cell conversion via IL-1α secretion, whereas ascTAMs displayed a different M1low/M2+ profile. These findings identify IL-1α–mediated macrophage specialization as a potential therapeutic target to block metastatic niche remodeling in ovarian cancer.

Heidemann S, Finkernagel F, Steitz AM et al. · Cell death & disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tumor cell-expressed OX40L enhances the efficacy of PD-1 axis blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.

This study tested whether tumor cell-expressed OX40L can enhance the efficacy of PD-1 axis blockade in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using spatial proteomic profiling (GeoMx) in a discovery cohort of 104 advanced PD-L1–high NSCLC patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab, and validating markers in independent early-stage cohorts receiving neoadjuvant/perioperative chemo-immunotherapy, the authors linked OX40L biology to improved response to PD-1 blockade. The work suggests OX40L as a mechanistic biomarker and potential therapeutic lever to improve outcomes with PD-1–based immunotherapy.

Fernández-Luna C, Baena J, Calles A et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Epigenetic plus cytokine therapy induces stem-like CD8+ T-cell reservoirs and intratumoral immune niches to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance.

The study evaluated whether combining the immune checkpoint inhibitor αPD-1 with the class I histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat and the IL-15 superagonist N-803 can overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in murine colorectal cancer and breast cancer models, including settings with antigen-presentation deficiencies. The combination induced stem-like TCF1+ CD8+ T-cell reservoirs and promoted intratumoral immune niches/lymphoid aggregates that supported functional anti-tumor immunity despite anti-PD-1 resistance. This provides a mechanistic preclinical rationale for epigenetic reprogramming plus IL-15–driven T-cell maintenance to improve checkpoint blockade efficacy in CRC patients who fail anti-PD-1.

Minnar CM, Miyamoto M, Khelifa AS et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Metabolic regulation of tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

This review synthesizes current evidence on how metabolic regulation drives tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer, focusing on how hypoxia and nutrient deprivation reshape endothelial and tumor metabolism. It highlights reciprocal metabolic crosstalk—such as increased glycolysis, glutamine and lipid utilization, lactate accumulation, lipid-derived mediators, amino-acid metabolism, and extracellular vesicle signaling—that promotes vascular instability, impaired drug delivery, and immune suppression. The significance is that these metabolic–vascular mechanisms identify actionable therapeutic opportunities to disrupt abnormal angiogenesis and improve treatment responses in CRC.

Tang D, Li Q, Tacchi C et al. · Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Infectious disease & vaccines/countermeasures (incl. viruses/bacteria/antibiotic stewardship)

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated human Rotavirus vaccine in young children and infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase I clinical trial.

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase I trial assessed the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated human rotavirus vaccine (IRV) in 288 healthy children aged 2–71 months, including infants and toddlers without prior rotavirus vaccination or HIV infection. Participants received dose-escalation IRV (80, 160, or 320 ELISA Units) or aluminum-adjuvanted placebo across 2- or 3-dose schedules, and the study evaluated adverse reactions within defined post-dose windows as primary endpoints. The clinical significance is that it establishes early safety and immune response data for an IRV candidate in young children and infants, supporting further development toward broader immunization use.

Zhou Y, Tan J, Liu Y et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Parvovirus B19 infections in paediatric sickle cell disease patients: Genotype and hydroxyurea treatment influence disease severity.

The study analyzed pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) patients with parvovirus B19 infection to determine how genotype and hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) treatment influence disease severity. In a retrospective cohort of 98 children (76 HbSS/Sβ0 and 22 HbSC) with B19V infection from 2023–2025, the authors assessed clinical features, laboratory parameters, diagnostic procedures, and treatment details to compare severity across HbSS/Sβ0 versus HbSC genotypes and to evaluate the effect of hydroxyurea in HbSS/Sβ0 patients. This is clinically significant because it identifies patient-level factors that may predict risk of complications such as acute anemia (aplastic crisis) during B19V infection, informing management in pediatric SCD.

Bleeke M, Simon A, Winkler B et al. · British journal of haematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Oral antibiotics prescribing patterns and associated diarrhea risk: Public health implications.

This public health study examined oral antibiotic prescribing patterns in the Republic of North Macedonia from 2011–2022 and assessed which antibiotics were associated with higher risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in relation to WHO AWaRe prescribing categories. It reported prescribing patterns and identified specific antibiotics with a greater AAD burden, alongside implications for rational prescribing and the regional adaptation of evidence-supported probiotic strategies. These findings can inform stewardship policies to reduce adverse drug reactions and antimicrobial resistance.

Naumovska Z, Atanasovska E, Djurdjic B et al. · Journal of public health research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pathogenesis and natural history of the Bundibugyo species of Orthoebolavirus in nonhuman primates.

This preprint studied the pathogenesis and natural history of Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) infection in nonhuman primates by experimentally exposing 21 cynomolgus monkeys to BDBV. It found disease progression that was more protracted than reported for Ebola and Sudan virus in this model, with 67% lethality, and identified early infected targets including CD209+ cells and CD68+ and/or HLA-DR+ macrophages and dendritic cells using immunohistochemistry and spatial proteomics. These data support development of countermeasures by defining early cellular targets and temporal disease dynamics relevant to human BDBV.

Fenton KA, Pigeaud DD, Turcinovic J et al. · bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Liver disease & metabolic dysfunction (CHB/MASLD)

Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on body weight and cardiovascular outcomes: a review.

This review studied evidence on how GLP-1 receptor agonists affect body weight and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obesity and related cardiorenometabolic risk. It summarizes that GLP-1RAs, developed for type 2 diabetes, produce potent weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk improvement, while also noting limitations of lifestyle-only approaches and the challenge of durable weight maintenance. Clinically, the synthesis supports GLP-1RA use as a pharmacologic strategy for weight and cardiovascular risk reduction beyond diabetes, while highlighting the need for longer-term durability data.

van Maren SJF, van Doorn EPM, Smits MM et al. · Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tirzepatide for pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia in a GH/TSH-producing pituitary adenoma/PitNET: a case report and literature review.

This case report and literature review studied treatment of pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia in a patient with a GH/TSH-producing pituitary adenoma/PitNET. The authors report the first documented use of once-weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide after hyperglycemia remained inadequately controlled despite oral GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy, in the context of pasireotide’s high-affinity SSTR5 effects that suppress GLP-1 secretion. The significance is that tirzepatide may represent an effective option for pasireotide-associated dysglycemia when standard GLP-1RA approaches are insufficient.

Iwamoto Y, Yamashita K, Seki Y et al. · Endocrine journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for Obesity: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review compared the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist) versus semaglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) for obesity in adults with overweight or obesity using direct head-to-head randomized evidence and comparative real-world studies. The key finding is a pooled, comparative assessment of weight-related efficacy and safety outcomes between the two drugs based on included comparative studies. Clinically, the results inform evidence-based selection between tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity treatment.

Mohamed Abdalla SA, Gharbawi L, Elshaikh N et al. · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

What is the impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on outcomes in people living with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)? An umbrella review protocol.

This umbrella review protocol will synthesize evidence on how metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects liver-related outcomes in people with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). It will evaluate and reconcile conflicting findings from prior systematic reviews/meta-analyses on the combined impact of CHB and MASLD on liver health. The work is intended to guide clinical practice and population surveillance by clarifying whether concurrent MASLD meaningfully worsens prognosis in CHB.

Martyn E, Carter J, Barlow M et al. · Wellcome open research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Hematologic malignancies & stem cell transplantation

Resistance mechanisms and therapeutic strategies after menin inhibitor failure in acute myeloid leukemia.

This review studied resistance mechanisms and therapeutic strategies after failure of menin inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), focusing on KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2Ar) and NPM1-mutated (NPM1m) disease. It synthesizes evidence that relapse after revumenib and ziftomenib can arise from on-target MEN1 mutations, off-target clonal evolution, epigenetic/transcriptional reprogramming, and microenvironment-mediated adaptive signaling. The clinical significance is that mapping these resistance pathways can guide rational combination therapies and next-line strategies to improve durability of responses to menin inhibition.

Alhajahjeh A, Stahl M, Zeidan AM et al. · Expert review of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Clonotypic characterization defines B-cell drivers of clonal expansion and intratumor heterogeneity in IgM monoclonal gammopathies.

This study investigated clonal expansion and intratumor heterogeneity in IgM monoclonal gammopathies (IgM MGUS, smoldering Waldenström macroglobulinemia [SWM], and symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia [WM]) using integrative single-cell RNA sequencing with B-cell receptor (BCR) sequencing, ATAC-seq, and whole-genome sequencing. It found that IgM MGUS and low- or intermediate-risk SWM harbored multiple B-cell clones compared with WM, and identified candidate B-cell driver genes including CD9, JCHAIN, RASSF6, and DUSP22. These clonotypic and multi-omics findings clarify how driver clones expand across disease stages and may improve risk stratification and mechanistic targeting in IgM gammopathies.

Moreno DF, Nadeu F, Casado-Peláez M et al. · HemaSphere · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy and safety of daratumumab-based quadruplet therapy vs non-daratumumab-based triplet therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: A GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis studied newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients in randomized controlled trials comparing daratumumab-based quadruplet therapy versus non-daratumumab-based triplet therapy, using a GRADE assessment of evidence. It found that daratumumab-containing quadruplets improved efficacy outcomes while also evaluating safety tradeoffs relative to standard triplets (with results synthesized across trials up to April 2026). The analysis supports evidence-based selection of induction regimens for NDMM by quantifying benefit–risk of adding daratumumab.

Osama M, Khan MH, Tahir A et al. · Therapeutic advances in hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

GVHD prophylaxis with PTCy, ATG, PTCy+ATG, or no in vivo T-cell depletion in RIC matched-donor PBSC transplantation for AML and MDS.

This retrospective registry analysis studied adults with AML or MDS undergoing first reduced-intensity conditioning matched-donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, comparing GVHD prophylaxis strategies using post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), ATG, PTCy+ATG, or no in vivo T-cell depletion. The study evaluated outcomes across 3624 patients to clarify the role of PTCy and ATG-based prophylaxis in this matched-donor RIC setting. The results are clinically significant for optimizing GVHD prevention regimens and balancing efficacy versus toxicity in AML/MDS transplant recipients.

Coman T, Morisset S, Devillier R et al. · Bone marrow transplantation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Plant biology: membrane transport & stress signaling

Akkermansia muciniphila alleviates osteoporosis by suppressing bone marrow adiposity through the gut microbiota-UDCA-TGR5 axis.

This animal study tested whether Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) alleviates osteoporosis by suppressing bone marrow adiposity in ovariectomized rats and investigated the gut microbiota–UDCA–TGR5 signaling axis. The key finding is that AKK supplementation attenuated bone loss and reduced pathological bone marrow adiposity, with metabolomics and bile-acid profiling supporting involvement of UDCA and TGR5 signaling. Scientifically, it links a specific gut microbe to a receptor-mediated bile-acid pathway that may be therapeutically relevant for estrogen-deficiency osteoporosis.

Hao F, Zhu W, Tang A et al. · Life sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A phosphatidic acid-based retrograde signaling pathway responsive to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis.

This plant molecular biology study proposed a phosphatidic acid (PA)-based retrograde signaling pathway that responds to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis. The key finding is the identification of a PA-centered mechanism that communicates chloroplast stress to the nucleus to reprogram gene expression for abiotic stress resilience. This is significant because it advances mechanistic understanding of retrograde signaling and provides potential targets for engineering improved stress tolerance in plants.

Hiser C, Cook R, Mugume Y et al. · The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TurboID-based proteomic profiling reveals proxitome of the IRT1 metal transporter and new insight into IRT1 endocytosis.

This study used TurboID-based proximity labeling proteomics to map the IRT1 “proxitome” and infer protein interactions governing Iron Regulated Transporter1 (IRT1) endocytosis in Arabidopsis thaliana root epidermal cells. The key finding is that TurboID profiling can reveal previously unappreciated components of the IRT1 endocytic/vacuolar degradation pathway, providing new mechanistic insight into how IRT1 cell-surface levels are regulated. Scientifically, it advances plant membrane-protein interactome discovery for hydrophobic multi-pass transporters and helps explain how plants control iron uptake.

Pellegrin L, Fanara S, Fabre B et al. · The New phytologist · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Microtubule posttranslational modifications provide unique recognition patterns for associated proteins.

This biochemical and medium-throughput in vitro study examined how microtubule posttranslational modifications create distinct “recognition patterns” for microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). By screening 46 proteins for binding preferences, the authors tested whether the tubulin code can selectively control MAP interactions. The work provides mechanistic insight into how tubulin PTMs may function as a signaling layer to regulate microtubule-dependent cellular processes.

Krishnan A, Desvigne-Hansch E, Henriot V et al. · The EMBO journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Kidney disease & dialysis modalities

Understanding possible differences between haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration which affect survival in end-stage kidney disease dialysis patients: the STITCHED study halted by the COVID-19 epidemic.

The STITCHED study (halted by the COVID-19 epidemic) is investigating survival differences between high-flux haemodialysis (HD) and haemodiafiltration (HDF) in end-stage kidney disease dialysis patients. It builds on the UK H4RT registry trial rationale that HDF’s added convection may clear a broader range of uraemic solutes than diffusion-dominant HD, potentially improving outcomes. If completed/validated, the study could inform dialysis modality selection and dosing targets to reduce mortality in high-risk dialysis populations.

Davenport A, MacNeil S, Caskey F · NIHR open research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Mental health & neuropsychiatric safety/risk (youth/adults/PD)

GLP-1 receptor agonist use and mental health outcomes in adolescents with obesity: a retrospective review.

In a retrospective chart review, adolescents aged 12–21 years with obesity treated in a pediatric endocrinology setting were assessed for changes in depressive symptoms and suicidality screening after starting GLP-1 receptor agonists, specifically liraglutide or semaglutide. The study’s key finding is the observed pattern of psychiatric symptom scores following GLP-1RA initiation (as reported in the full article). Clinically, it addresses safety concerns about potential mental health effects of GLP-1RAs in youth receiving pharmacotherapy for obesity.

Said J, Liegl M, Pan AY et al. · Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Young minds in distress: Exploring the global rise in youth mental health diagnoses.

This review synthesized global epidemiological evidence on youth mental health diagnoses, distinguishing true increases in morbidity from diagnostic inflation and integrating intervention strategies. It reports substantial rises in youth depression, suicide mortality, and self-harm in high-income countries supported by objective severity indicators beyond diagnostic practice changes. The synthesis underscores modifiable environmental drivers such as digital engagement and informs evidence-based prevention and treatment planning for adolescents.

Chiang HL, Chien YL, Gau SS · Molecular psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Metabolic score for insulin resistance is associated with myopia in adolescents: A cross-sectional study with a complementary independent cohort.

This cross-sectional study analyzed 3946 adolescents aged 12–19 years from NHANES and an independent cohort of 561 East Chinese adolescents to test whether the Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) is associated with myopia. Higher METS-IR was linked to increased odds of myopia, with analyses evaluating whether obesity modifies this relationship. The results suggest metabolic dysregulation may be a modifiable risk factor in adolescent myopia development.

Huang Y, Fang R, Lian X et al. · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ADHD medication use and risk of self-harm: a multinational self-controlled case series study.

This multinational self-controlled case series study assessed whether incident self-harm risk changes after initiation of ADHD medication within individuals across Hong Kong, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. Using a common data modeling approach, it evaluated within-person associations between ADHD medication exposure and subsequent self-harm events. The findings are intended to clarify the safety profile of ADHD medications regarding self-harm risk across diverse healthcare systems.

Chan AYL, Beyene K, Park S et al. · BMJ mental health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiovascular disease & heart failure risk tools

Development of a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction risk prediction score in primary care settings with a high HIV prevalence.

This work developed and validated a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) risk prediction score for primary care settings using data from South Africa’s Prevalence and Phenotype of HIV-HFpEF cohort, comparing 1008 adults with HIV on ART for ≥1 year versus 500 people without HIV. The resulting logistic-regression–based tool incorporated HIV-related risk to improve practical HFpEF risk estimation where imaging and specialist expertise are limited. Clinically, it aims to enable earlier identification and management of HFpEF risk among antiretroviral-treated people with HIV in primary care.

Honwana F, Wolfson J, Ahmed AM et al. · Open heart · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Generated automatically on September 15, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.