PubMed Trending Research Digest — September 17, 2026

Automated digest · 99 articles · 15 research areas · September 17, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s set of articles, a dominant theme is immunology as a lever for disease modification—spanning cancer, neuroinflammation, and infectious disease. In oncology, multiple studies emphasize how immune context and checkpoint biology shape outcomes: structured exercise improved relapse/time-to-event endpoints in cancer, while mechanistic work in glioma (LRIG2–LAMP1–STAT3) and broader “viral mimicry” concepts highlight how tumor-intrinsic programs can either blunt or enable immune killing. Translational immunotherapy efforts also feature prominently, including personalized neoantigen vaccination feasibility, γδ TCR discovery for multiple myeloma, and engineered CAR-Treg/CAR-T strategies designed to overcome solid-tumor antigen heterogeneity and exhaustion.

A second major thread is mechanistic biology connecting metabolism, organelle function, and tissue microenvironments to clinical phenotypes. Several studies link mitochondrial/iron/redox control to cell death or therapy resistance (cysteine-induced mitochondrial iron-dependent death; MFF–ferroptosis signaling; HIF1α–KLF4–driven hemoglobin/ROS handling in HCC), while others show how lipid and glycogen quality control pathways (RNF213–ubiquitylation–autophagy; CLN8 lipid biosynthesis routes) can illuminate neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. Complementing these, organoid and imaging advances (intestinal organoid quantitative live-imaging workflows; brainstem glioma organoids; MRE-based Crohn’s stricture risk stratification) aim to make dynamic biology measurable and actionable.

Finally, the digest includes a strong clinical-care and implementation layer: evidence syntheses and guidelines (bladder RT ASTRO guideline; diabetes distress guideline; iron deficiency diagnostic criteria; vaccine effectiveness in immunosuppressed populations) and pragmatic trials (short vs long systemic antibiotics after local carrier implantation; prehabilitation to preserve independence; perioperative vasopressor choice to reduce delirium risk). Together, these papers reflect a field moving from mechanistic insight toward standardized decision tools—while also expanding how we deliver and monitor therapies, from on-premise clinical AI reliability to novel mucosal mpox vaccination and rapid diagnostics for nontuberculous mycobacteria.

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Surgery, Perioperative Care, and Frailty

Eyeballing for Frailty Assessment in Elderly Patients Referred for Coronary Angiography.

This prospective observational study evaluated whether physician “eyeballing” can detect frailty in patients aged ≥70 years referred for coronary angiography, using the Fried frailty test as the reference standard. Two blinded cardiologists independently scored frailty using both a formal Fried test and an eyeballing Fried-like scale, and the study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the eyeballing approach. If validated, eyeballing could provide a faster, clinically feasible frailty screen for elderly patients undergoing invasive cardiac procedures when structured tools are not available.

Hilu R, Arow Z, Barashi R et al. · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Colonoscopy Intervals and Colorectal Cancer Incidence after Adenoma Removal.

In a multicenter open-label noninferiority trial in adults undergoing surgery for orthopedic infection with implantation of a local antibiotic carrier, the study compared postoperative systemic antibiotic durations of long (≥4 weeks) versus short (≤7 days). The key finding was that shortening systemic antibiotic therapy after local carrier implantation did not increase definite treatment failure by 12 months beyond the noninferiority margin. This supports using shorter systemic antibiotic courses in selected orthopedic infection patients to reduce antibiotic exposure without compromising effectiveness.

Jover R, Bretthauer M, Cubiella J et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Tactical Venous Access: Clinical and Operational Considerations of IV and IO Access in High-Acuity Environments.

This article reviewed clinical and operational evidence on tactical venous access, comparing peripheral intravenous (IV) access versus intraosseous (IO) access for delivering critical medications in high-acuity environments such as trauma and military settings. It found that IO access serves as a reliable rescue pathway when IV access cannot be rapidly established, while differences in pharmacokinetics between IO and IV may matter for specific drug scenarios. The review’s significance is practical: it supports decision-making and protocol development for rapid life-saving medication delivery under constrained conditions.

Gutierrez M, Menendez Y · Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Effect of phenylephrine versus ephedrine on the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical procedures: protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

This multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial protocol will enroll 1,084 elderly patients undergoing major elective non-cardiac, non-neurosurgical surgery under general anesthesia to compare intraoperative hypotension management with ephedrine versus phenylephrine. The primary aim is to determine whether ephedrine reduces the incidence of postoperative delirium compared with phenylephrine. If effective, the trial could directly guide intraoperative vasopressor choice to lower delirium risk in older surgical patients.

Xu X, Wang G, Li X et al. · Annals of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Supervised multimodal prehabilitation of older patients with frailty or prefrailty before elective surgery: a multicentre randomised controlled outcome assessor-blinded trial.

This multicentre, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (PRAEP-GO) studied whether a 3-week supervised multimodal, individualised prehabilitation program can preserve independence and prevent further deterioration of long-term care dependency (LCD) in older adults with frailty or prefrailty undergoing elective surgery. It reports the trial design and aims to compare the prehabilitation intervention against standard of care with blinded outcome assessment. The clinical significance is that it tests an actionable perioperative strategy to reduce frailty-related disability risk in an ageing surgical population.

Spies C, Schmidt K, Kiselev J et al. · The lancet. Healthy longevity · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Genomics, Epigenetics, and Genome Editing Technologies

Developmental xenocortication using human-derived organoids in mice.

This study developed a transplantation platform in mice to model human brain development by using human-derived neural organoids while genetically depleting glutamatergic neurons from the mouse neocortex and hippocampus (apallial). The key advance was a genetic strategy that improves organoid integration by reducing competition from host glutamatergic circuits, enabling more effective in vivo developmental and circuit-function studies. Scientifically, this platform strengthens the ability to study human neurodevelopment and disease-relevant circuit formation in vivo using organoid transplantation.

Kaganovsky K, Kelley KW, Gschwind T et al. · Nature · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cohesin reshapes replication fork contacts to aid fork slowing and reversal.

This work investigated how the cohesin complex reshapes replication fork contacts to promote fork slowing and reversal under replication stress, focusing on replication fork plasticity relevant to cancer chemotherapeutic damage. The authors found that cohesin-mediated changes in fork contact architecture facilitate fork stabilization through regulated slowing and reversal, helping manage single-stranded DNA accumulation during stress. These findings link genome organization by cohesin to replication stress tolerance, informing mechanistic understanding of how cells survive chemotherapy-induced replication challenges.

González-Acosta D, Giménez-Llorente D, Rodrigues M et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted genomic integration and rearrangement using prime assembly.

This study developed “prime assembly,” a CRISPR-targeted dual flap synthesis method for targeted genomic integration and rearrangement in human cells. Prime assembly enabled RNA-programmable, site-specific insertion of single- or double-stranded DNA fragments and showed activity in both dividing and non-dividing cells, including applications such as exon recoding, transgene integration, and megabase-scale modifications. Clinically and scientifically, it expands therapeutic genome editing capabilities beyond homology-directed repair for installing larger, complex edits in relevant human cell states.

Levesque S, Kawashima N, Hwang GH et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A dual-module ECAS complex couples transcription elongation and RNA processing.

Using native chromatin proteomics in human cells, the study identified ECAS (elongation complex associated with splicing), a bipartite complex coupling RNA polymerase II transcription elongation to U2 snRNP-associated intron binding. ECAS links an elongation module (AFF4–ELL2–EAF1) to a U2 snRNP intron-binding complex and is distinct from canonical P-TEFb-containing super elongation complex (SEC), with acute Aquarius (AQR)/XAB2-dependent ECAS perturbation impairing productive gene-body elongation. These findings define a specific chromatin-associated machinery that coordinates elongation and RNA processing, informing mechanistic models of gene expression regulation.

Xiang Y, Wang H, Yin Z et al. · Molecular cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Structural principles underlying the evolution of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers.

This study determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of SWI/SNF-family chromatin remodeler complexes (SWI/SNF and RSC) from the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum in apo and nucleosome-bound states to compare evolutionary diversification across fungi, budding yeast, and metazoans. The authors found a conserved mechanochemical core architecture that preserves the remodeling mechanism while allowing lineage-specific structural variation. These structural principles clarify how SWI/SNF remodelers evolved without losing nucleosome repositioning function, informing mechanistic models of chromatin regulation relevant to diseases driven by SWI/SNF dysfunction.

Ma S, Liu M, Xu W et al. · Science advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Androgen receptor drives divergent chromatin accessibility programs in benign and malignant prostate epithelial cells.

Using androgen receptor (AR)–engineered prostate cell models (RWPE-1-AR and RWPE-1-Ctrl for benign; LNCaP-pcDNA3.1 and LNCaP-ARhi for malignant), this study profiled androgen-driven chromatin responses with ATAC-seq. Androgen stimulation amplified baseline differences in chromatin accessibility, revealing distinct AR-mediated chromatin remodeling programs between benign and malignant prostate epithelial cells. Scientifically, this clarifies how AR reshapes chromatin in nonmalignant contexts and may help explain divergent AR biology relevant to prostate cancer development and progression.

Kukkonen K, Afyounian E, Rauhala H et al. · Nucleic acids research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Development of an AAV-Encoded Adenine Base Editor for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

This preclinical gene therapy study developed an AAV-encoded adenine base editor for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), targeting the exon 52 mutational hotspot (DMDΔ52) using a dual rAAV intein-mediated split system delivering ABE8e with PAM-less SpRY Cas9. The key finding is the successful design/implementation of an ABE8e-based editing platform capable of addressing exon 52–associated pathogenic variants in DMD. This is significant because it advances a potentially scalable, mutation-targeted therapeutic strategy for DMD beyond exon-skipping approaches.

Luksch I, Poch CM, Mayer A et al. · Human gene therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

SMC1A is required for fate determinations of human spermatogonial stem cells and male fertility by interacting with YBX1 and stabilizing HMGA2 mRNA via an m5C modification.

The study analyzed human spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) fate control and male fertility by testing the role of SMC1A and its interaction with YBX1, focusing on how SMC1A stabilizes HMGA2 mRNA via an m5C RNA modification. SMC1A interacted with YBX1 to regulate SSC fate determinations, and SMC1A dysfunction was associated with male infertility, with the SMC1A/YBX1 complex stabilizing HMGA2 mRNA through m5C modification. Scientifically, this links chromosome structural machinery (SMC1A) to RNA epitranscriptomic regulation (m5C) in human germline stem cell differentiation and fertility.

Liu W, Du L, Zhu Y et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Quantitative imaging of dynamic processes in intestinal organoids.

This Nature Protocols article developed and described workflows for quantitative live imaging of dynamic processes in intestinal organoids, including sample preparation and experimental manipulations such as drug treatments, laser ablations, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). The key contribution is a standardized protocol enabling long-term imaging with quantitative analysis that can reconstruct lineage trees and quantify gene expression over space and time. Scientifically, this provides a practical platform to measure organoid dynamics and cellular fate decisions, improving how intestinal homeostasis and disease mechanisms are studied in vitro.

Spoelstra WK, Zheng X, Kok RNU et al. · Nature protocols · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Genome-wide pQTL mapping in human skin identifies specific genetic regulators and mechanistic links to skin disorders.

The study performed genome-wide protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) mapping in human skin using a population-level proteomics dataset across 248 individuals. The authors identified 1,765 significant variant–protein associations involving 36 proteins, including many not supported by skin eQTL and a substantial fraction not replicated in non-skin pQTL, and they integrated skin pQTL with additional data to connect genetic regulation to skin disorder mechanisms. This provides a tissue-specific map of genetic control of the skin proteome that can prioritize causal regulators for skin diseases.

Sun Y, Li W, Wang Z et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer Immunotherapy and Tumor Immunology

Identification of broadly tumour-reactive γδ TCRs from multiple myeloma.

This study identified broadly tumor-reactive γδ T-cell receptors (γδ TCRs) in multiple myeloma by using PreGame, a machine-learning algorithm trained on single-cell CITE-seq data to distinguish tumor-reactive from bystander γδ T cells. PreGame enabled the discovery of γδ TCRs with broad tumor reactivity, addressing the key translational barrier of reliably pinpointing tumor-reactive γδ TCRs. This supports development of γδ TCR-based immunotherapies for multiple myeloma by improving the selection of functional receptor candidates.

St Paul M, Hendrikse LD, Ying F et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

H3K27M drives OPC stemness and intrathecal therapeutic vulnerability in brainstem glioma organoids.

The study developed patient-derived brainstem glioma organoids (BSGOs) from H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma (DMG) patients to examine how the histone H3K27M mutation shapes oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) biology and therapeutic vulnerability. Multi-omics and functional assays showed that DMGs maintain OPC stemness by dysregulating ACTIVIN signaling, creating an intrathecal delivery–compatible vulnerability. This organoid platform and the ACTIVIN-linked stemness mechanism provide a translational target and rationale for intrathecal therapeutic strategies in rare, anatomically inaccessible H3K27M DMGs.

Xie L, Jiang Z, Zhou H et al. · Cell stem cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Antibodies against HLA-E-VL9 enhance NK cell and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells and HIV-infected CD4+ T cells.

This study used structure-based design and high-throughput library screening to generate high-affinity antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune checkpoint interaction between NKG2A/CD94 and HLA-E bound to VL9 peptides (HLA-E-VL9), testing them on human NK cells and CD8+ T cells against tumor and HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. The anti-HLA-E-VL9 antibodies blocked NKG2A/CD94, enhanced NK and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, and increased NK cell ADCC, with in vivo enhancement of NK-92 killing of HLA-E-VL9+ tumors in mice. This provides a checkpoint-inhibition antibody strategy that directly targets the HLA-E-VL9 axis to boost cytotoxic immunity against cancers and HIV-infected cells.

Hwang JK, Tuyishime M, Marston DJ et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Nonclinical Safety Assessment of SBT777101, a CAR-Engineered Regulatory T Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases.

This nonclinical safety assessment evaluated SBT777101, a CAR-engineered regulatory T cell (CAR-Treg) therapy targeting citrullinated proteins associated with rheumatoid arthritis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Using a strategy centered on in vitro and ex vivo New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) and benchmarked in vivo studies against untransduced polyclonal Tregs, the study characterized safety-relevant pharmacology for the CAR-Treg product. The work is significant for de-risking translation of CAR-Treg therapies by providing a more antigen-, disease-, and species-relevant safety evaluation framework.

Lebrec H, Clingan JM, van der Vuurst de Vries AR et al. · Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Secreted protein circuits in the gastrointestinal tumour microenvironment: determinants of immunotherapy response and resistance.

This translational review synthesized evidence on how secreted protein circuits in the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment—such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, complement components, matricellular proteins, soluble checkpoint molecules, and extracellular vesicle cargo—shape immunotherapy response and resistance. The key conclusion is that extracellular signaling programs govern immune recruitment, exclusion, suppression, tertiary lymphoid structure formation, and exhaustion beyond tumor-cell genomics alone. Scientifically and clinically, mapping these secretome circuits could enable biomarkers and combination strategies to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in GI cancers.

Li K, Qian Z, Mao J et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Autocrine PD-1-blocking nanobodies enhance the antitumor efficacy of TCR-like CAR-T cells by attenuating t cell exhaustion.

The study developed a TCR-like (TCRm) HLA-A*02:01–restricted WT1 CAR-T platform in which CAR-T cells secrete an autocrine anti–PD-1 truncated nanobody to address solid-tumor antigen heterogeneity and PD-1/PD-L1–driven T cell exhaustion. Autocrine PD-1–blocking nanobodies enhanced antitumor efficacy by attenuating T cell exhaustion in the CAR-T setting. This supports a strategy to improve CAR-T performance in solid tumors by combining antigen targeting (WT1) with intrinsic checkpoint blockade (anti–PD-1 nanobody) to sustain effector function.

He W, Cui K, Zeng Y et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Type 1 interferon perturbates clonal competition by reshaping human blood development.

The study used single-cell multiomics on HSCs, progenitors, and immune cells from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms at baseline and during interferon-α (IFNα) treatment to determine how type 1 interferon reshapes clonal competition. IFNα activated HSCs into two polarized states, including a lymphoid progenitor expansion associated with an anti-inflammatory state, and the analyses separated IFNα effects on mutated stem cells from admixed wild-type HSCs using differentiation, transcriptomics, immunophenotypes, and chromatin accessibility. This provides mechanistic insight into how IFNα perturbs clonal dynamics in human blood development, informing how to optimize therapies that target mutated stem cells.

Lama C, Isakov D, Rosenberg S et al. · Nature genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Viral mimicry escape as a necessary feature of malignant transformation.

This Nature Reviews Cancer article examined how “viral mimicry” arising from loss of transcriptional/epigenetic control over transposable elements contributes to malignant transformation. It argues that endogenous immunogenic nucleic acids generated by transposable element activation can trigger antiviral responses that eliminate precancerous cells and shape tumor evolution, making viral mimicry an intrinsic tumor-suppressive feature. The review highlights viral mimicry as a mechanistic bridge between genomic dysregulation and immune-mediated control in cancer development.

Chen R, He A, Lindholm HT et al. · Nature reviews. Cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A viral-based individualized neoantigen vaccine as adjuvant treatment in resected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized Phase I trial.

The study evaluated an individualized neoantigen vaccine (TG4050) delivered by a Modified Vaccinia Ankara viral vector as adjuvant therapy in resected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a randomized Phase I trial (NCT04183166). The key finding was that the trial tested TG4050 encoding up to 30 patient-specific predicted tumor neoantigens with safety as the primary endpoint, comparing immediate post–standard-of-care vaccination versus watchful waiting with vaccination at recurrence. If efficacy signals are supported, this would establish a personalized viral neoantigen vaccine approach as a feasible adjuvant strategy to induce neoantigen-specific T cell responses and reduce relapse risk.

Ottensmeier C, Delord JP, Lalanne A et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tunneling nanotubes regulate mitochondrial homeostasis between glioblastoma and astrocytes, and between tumor cells in vivo.

The study investigated how tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) regulate mitochondrial homeostasis via mitochondrial transfer between glioblastoma (GBM) cells and astrocytes, and between tumor cells in vivo. The authors found bidirectional mitochondrial transfer, with transfer of damaged mitochondria from GBM cells to astrocytes associated with activation of mitophagy in recipient cells, and astrocyte-derived mitochondria to GBM cells correlating with tumor cell mitochondrial remodeling/homeostasis. This demonstrates an in vivo functional role for TNT-mediated mitochondrial exchange in GBM biology, suggesting new targets to disrupt tumor–microenvironment metabolic coupling.

Saenz-de-Santa-Maria I, Pepe A, Tinevez JY et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

LRIG2 suppresses NK cell-induced GSDME-mediated pyroptosis via the LAMP1-STAT3 pathway in glioma.

This study tested whether LRIG2 in glioma cells suppresses NK cell-induced GSDME-mediated pyroptosis via the LAMP1–STAT3 pathway using glioma cell lines (LN229, HS683, FU) co-cultured with primary NK cells or NK92-MI cells. LRIG2 promoted resistance to NK killing by inhibiting GSDME cleavage and pyroptosis, mechanistically involving LAMP1–STAT3 signaling. These findings identify LRIG2–LAMP1–STAT3 as a pathway that could be targeted to enhance NK cell immunotherapy efficacy in glioma.

Hou X, Lin L, Zhang P et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gliomas phenocopy an inborn error of metabolism to drive neuronal activity and tumor growth.

This study investigated how high-grade glioma (HGG) metabolism alters neuronal activity and tumor growth, focusing on the creatine synthesis pathway intermediate guanidinoacetate (GAA) and its link to guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency. Human metabolomics showed ~100-fold GAA accumulation in HGGs, and glioma cells secreted GAA that increased neuronal excitability, with neuron-glioma interactions driving tumor growth. Scientifically, it reframes a glioma metabolic hallmark as a functional “phenocopy” of an inborn error of metabolism, suggesting that targeting the GAA axis could modulate tumor-promoting neuronal activity.

Abdullah KG, Miki K, Edgar CK et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-cell tracking reveals tumor-reactive T cell plasticity during melanoma TIL therapy.

This study used longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to track tumor-reactive T cell plasticity during adoptive melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy in seven metastatic melanoma patients. Tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells were reinvigorated from exhaustion and adopted HLA-II-high or KLF2-high transcriptional profiles across baseline tumor, ex vivo expansion, and post-infusion blood and tumor biopsies. The findings clarify how clonal and transcriptional states evolve during TIL therapy, informing strategies to enhance durable tumor-reactive T cell function.

Sandholzer MT, Serger C, Liner AG et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

5-Azacytosine induces cytotoxicity via 5-methylcytosine depletion on chromatin-associated RNA in leukemia.

This study investigated how the DNA hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) kills leukemia cells by depleting 5-methylcytosine (m5C) on chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA), rather than acting solely through DNA demethylation. Early RNA m5C depletion by 5-azaC was sufficient to induce leukemia cell death, leading to transcriptional repression of genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and DNA repair. Mechanistically, m5C loss in caRNA disrupted MBD6-mediated H2AK119ub deubiquitination and impaired SRSF2 recruitment, highlighting an RNA epigenetic pathway as a therapeutic mechanism for 5-azaC.

Gao B, Li Y, Ma X et al. · Molecular cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neurodegeneration Mechanisms (ALS/AD/Batten and Related)

Mitochondrial fission factor senses and governs ferroptosis.

This study examined how mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) regulates ferroptosis, using quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify ferroptosis-selective signaling events. The authors found that the lipid mediator 17-HETE promotes phosphorylation of MFF at Ser155, triggering coordinated fragmentation and dysfunction of mitochondria and peroxisomes that governs ferroptotic execution. Mechanistically, it provides a unifying organelle-dynamics-to-ferroptosis pathway that could be targeted to modulate ferroptosis in disease.

Dai S, Dai X, Zhang T et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Bias from within: intracellular allosterism and the ICL2 hub.

This review article synthesized evidence on intracellular allosteric modulators (AMs) of GPCRs, emphasizing the TM3–ICL2–TM4 intracellular pocket (“ICL2 site”) as a determinant of signaling bias. It highlights how intracellular allosteric pockets act as conformational control hubs for transducer-selective engagement and noncanonical receptor activation, with the ICL2 site emerging as a strategic target for biased intracellular AM development. Scientifically, it frames how targeting intracellular allosteric mechanisms can improve selectivity and fine-tune GPCR signaling for drug discovery.

Zhou Y, Long A, Gross JD et al. · Trends in pharmacological sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Inflection points and transitions in Alzheimer’s disease.

This perspective article proposed that Alzheimer’s disease progresses through discrete molecular, cellular, and network phases defined by biological inflection points rather than a single linear cascade from amyloid-β to tau and neurodegeneration. It argues that stress-driven loss of homeostasis causes qualitative state transitions that spread across brain domains and progressively engage vulnerable information-processing centers, with amyloid-associated tau phosphorylation marking a pivotal inflection point. The significance is a conceptual framework that may better guide timing and targeting of interventions to the specific disease transitions that drive progression.

De Strooper B, Karran E · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Catechol-O-methyltransferase connects dopamine homeostasis to redox signaling, metal homeostasis, and protein folding in schizophrenia.

This study investigated how catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) links dopamine homeostasis to redox signaling, metal homeostasis, and protein folding in schizophrenia by examining COMT biology across isoforms (soluble S-COMT and membrane-bound MB-COMT) and relevant pathways implicated by COMT polymorphisms. The key finding is that COMT activity/function influences interconnected cellular processes beyond dopamine degradation, including redox balance, metal handling, and proteostasis mechanisms relevant to neuropsychiatric disease. This expands the mechanistic framework for COMT’s role in schizophrenia and helps explain how COMT variants could affect broader cellular vulnerability pathways.

Tripathi SJ, Chakraborty S, Wood NB et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

TRIM28 SUMOylates IRF3 in astrocytes to drive neutrophils infiltration and ischemic cerebral injury.

The study investigated whether the SUMO E3 ligase TRIM28 regulates ischemic cerebral injury by SUMOylating IRF3 in astrocytes and promoting neutrophil infiltration. Astrocyte TRIM28 was upregulated after ischemic stroke, astrocyte-specific Trim28 knockout reduced injury, and AAV-mediated re-expression of TRIM28 in astrocytes worsened neuroinflammation, implicating TRIM28–IRF3 SUMOylation as a pro-neutrophil mechanism. This identifies a mechanistic TRIM28/IRF3 axis in astrocytes that could be targeted to limit neutrophil-driven damage after stroke.

Shu H, Luo Q, Hu P et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cysteine excess triggers a mitochondrial iron-dependent cell death.

This study investigated how cysteine excess induces mitochondrial iron-dependent cell death by performing a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify mediators of cysteine toxicity. The authors found that mitochondrial iron transporters are essential for cysteine-induced death, and that limiting mitochondrial iron suppresses cysteine-triggered cell death while preventing impairment of iron-sulfur cluster proteins and respiration. These results mechanistically link cysteine redox/iron handling to ferroptosis-like mitochondrial vulnerability, suggesting potential targets for controlling iron-dependent cell death.

Nakamura T, Inoki A, Das NK et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

The Batten disease protein CLN8 is a stereospecific acyltransferase in bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate biosynthesis.

This study investigated the Batten disease protein CLN8 and found it to be a stereospecific acyltransferase in bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) biosynthesis. Using biochemical and structural approaches including cryo-electron microscopy, the authors showed CLN8 catalyzes stereospecific acylation of S,S-glycerophosphoglycerol to generate S,S-lysophosphatidylglycerol, the CLN5 substrate, and defined the CLN8 active site and mechanism. These findings clarify the molecular enzymology underlying CLN8 loss-of-function in Batten disease and identify specific lipid intermediates that could be targeted therapeutically.

Sheokand PK, Lacabanne D, James AM et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Batten disease protein CLN8 enables a non-canonical phospholipid synthesis pathway.

This study characterized how the Batten disease protein CLN8 enables a non-canonical phospholipid synthesis pathway. Tracer studies showed that CLN8-derived lysophosphatidylglycerol is selectively converted into bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a lysosomal phospholipid essential for lysosomal lipid homeostasis, rather than being broadly routed into other phospholipids. Scientifically, it revises textbook models of glycerophospholipid synthesis by defining an alternative CLN8-driven route to BMP that is likely disrupted in Batten disease.

Breithofer J, Fawzy N, Zitta C et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · 2 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

DFCP1-containing ER microdomains mediate lysosomal membrane repair.

The study investigated how PI3P- and DFCP1-containing ER microdomains regulate lysosomal membrane repair after lysosomal permeabilization in cells. The authors found that PI3P-containing ER domains are major mediators of lysosomal membrane repair, coordinating lipid transfer from the ER to damaged lysosomes and linking this to DFCP1-containing microdomains. This mechanistic insight clarifies a key, PI3P-dependent pathway for restoring lysosomal integrity, with implications for diseases involving lysosomal dysfunction.

Radulovic M, Pust S, Kournoutis A et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Molecular basis for cold and menthol sensing by mammalian TRPM8.

The study examined the molecular mechanism of cold and menthol activation of the mammalian TRPM8 ion channel using cryo-EM structures and functional assays. The authors found that cooling-dependent opening involves dramatic pore rearrangements, menthol binds dynamically to drive activation toward a common gate with cold but with distinct outer-pore conformations, and widespread cold-sensing residues support a distributed activation mechanism. These findings provide a structural framework for designing targeted modulators of TRPM8 for pain, thermoregulation, and related sensory disorders.

Lee HJ, Park CG, Fedor JG et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Microglia deploy TAM receptors to kill motor neurons in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The study tested whether microglial TAM receptor tyrosine kinases Axl and Mer (gene name Mertk) control neurodegeneration in the SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by using germline and microglia-restricted gene inactivation. The authors found that inactivating Axl and Mertk extends lifespan and preserves cholinergic motor neurons and neuromuscular synapses, with increased phosphatidylserine “eat-me” signaling on SOD1G93A neuronal surfaces implicated in the process. This identifies microglial Axl/Mer–dependent engulfment pathways as actionable drivers of ALS progression and potential therapeutic targets.

Huang Y, Mavinkurve A, Sabikunnahar B et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clobazam and Valproate, but Lamotrigine, a Sodium Channel Inhibitor, Reduce the Incidence of Hyperthermia-Induced Clonic Seizures in Dravet Syndrome Mice: Assessment of Anti-Seizure Effects in Mice Using a Stabilized Ambient Temperature System.

The study assessed whether antiseizure drugs clobazam and valproate, but not lamotrigine, reduce hyperthermia-induced clonic seizures in Dravet syndrome model mice carrying Scn1a knock-in (KI)/+ mutations. The key finding was that clobazam and valproate lowered the incidence of hyperthermia-induced clonic seizures under a stabilized ambient temperature heating protocol, whereas lamotrigine (a sodium channel inhibitor) did not show the same protective effect. This supports drug-specific modulation of seizure susceptibility in SCN1A-related Dravet models and informs preclinical selection of therapies for febrile seizure phenotypes.

Sato F, Nakamura M, Oishi M et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The hnRNPA1 D262V amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mutation is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.

This study investigated how the ALS-associated hnRNPA1 D262V mutation affects cellular physiology in cells expressing mutant hnRNPA1, using ribosome profiling to assess translational dynamics. hnRNPA1 D262V caused widespread splicing changes and was linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, with altered ribosome occupancy across the transcriptome and phenotypes including aggregation, stress granule abnormalities, and impaired proliferation/neural growth. The results connect a specific ALS mutation in a splicing factor to mitochondrial and translational dysregulation, identifying mechanistic targets for future ALS therapies.

Lee YJ, Shen K, Dillin A et al. · Genes & development · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Quality control of glycogen through direct ubiquitylation by RNF213.

This study investigated how cells maintain glycogen quality control by directly ubiquitylating aberrant glycogen via the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213, focusing on mechanisms that prevent polyglucosan buildup. The authors found that RNF213-dependent ubiquitylation triggers autophagy of aberrant glycogen, and mice lacking RNF213 ligase activity accumulated polyglucosan in brain regions including cerebellum, pons, and hippocampus. Scientifically, this defines a RNF213–ubiquitylation–autophagy pathway for glycogen quality control and links it to neurodegenerative disease mechanisms.

Yip MCJ, Naydenova K, Otten EG et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The longevity gene APOE2 enhances pericyte function and reduces lipid droplets.

This study examined how the longevity-associated APOE2 allele affects brain pericyte function and lipid droplet accumulation, using humanized APOE2/APOE3/APOE4 knock-in mice and CRISPR/Cas9-edited isogenic human iPSC-derived pericytes. APOE2 increased pericyte markers and enhanced blood–brain barrier integrity, while APOE2 pericytes showed reduced lipid droplets compared with APOE3 and APOE4 counterparts. These findings suggest a mechanistic basis for APOE2’s reduced Alzheimer’s disease risk via improved pericyte biology and BBB maintenance.

Reskiawan A Kadir R, Bons J, Vega Hormazabal G et al. · Brain : a journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Alternative splicing in Alzheimer’s disease: event-level evidence, risk-locus biology, and RNA-based therapeutic perspectives.

This Gene review evaluated Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk loci using an alternative splicing (AS) event-level framework to connect genetic variation to RNA isoforms and downstream protein-domain remodeling. It finds that AD-associated splice/isoform events can be prioritized by recurrence in humans, genetic proximity, molecular consequences, perturbation evidence, and translational tractability, with mechanistic enrichment in amyloid processing/endolysosomal trafficking and tau biology. The work is significant because it reframes AD genetics from gene-level associations toward splice-event biology and highlights RNA-based therapeutic opportunities.

Li J, Yue D, Xie W et al. · Gene · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Ketamine attenuates habenula activity in response to aversive outcomes during Pavlovian learning.

This translational computational neuroscience study examined whether ketamine attenuates human lateral habenula (Hb) activity in response to aversive outcomes during Pavlovian learning, using 70 healthy adults randomized to ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) versus placebo (0.9% NaCl). Ketamine reduced habenula responses to aversive learning signals, consistent with a mechanism for rapid antidepressant effects via modulation of Hb aversive circuitry. Clinically, it provides human evidence linking ketamine’s NMDA receptor antagonism to altered habenula function during aversive learning, supporting Hb as a mechanistic target in mood-related disorders.

Pulcu E, Costi S, Artiach-Hortelano P et al. · Current biology : CB · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Immunomodulation (Non-Neuro)

HBV induces immunosuppressive macrophages via metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming to facilitate the establishment of chronic persistent infection.

This study investigated how hepatitis B virus (HBV) drives monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation toward immunosuppressive macrophages to enable chronic persistent infection. Using monocytes from chronic HBV-infected patients, healthy controls, and cord blood differentiated into macrophages, the authors tested whether HBV induces metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming that promotes immunosuppression. The findings are significant because they identify metabolic-epigenetic pathways as potential therapeutic targets to disrupt HBV persistence.

Wang Z, Liu N, Li Y et al. · Gut · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Mechanisms of Transcriptional Regulation by Salicylic Acid Receptors.

This study elucidated transcriptional regulation mechanisms downstream of salicylic acid (SA) receptors in Arabidopsis, focusing on the SA receptors NPR1 (NIM1) and NPR3/NPR4. The authors identified MED15A as a bridge between NPR1 and the Mediator complex, showing that SA induces direct interaction between NPR1 and MED15A and that SA relieves NPR3/NPR4-mediated transcriptional repression. These results clarify how SA receptor binding is translated into defense gene activation, advancing mechanistic understanding of plant immunity.

Peng Y, Tian H, Ming Z et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Trial of a Maternal Diet Rich in Eggs and Peanuts to Reduce Infant Allergy.

In a multisite randomized trial in pregnant women with a strong family history of medically diagnosed allergic disease, the study tested whether a maternal diet high in eggs and peanuts (≥6 eggs and ≥60 peanuts/week) versus a standard control diet reduces infant food allergy risk. The key finding was that maternal egg-and-peanut consumption did not prevent the development of infant allergy outcomes compared with the control diet. This result challenges the hypothesis that in utero/breast-milk allergen exposure via maternal diet can reliably induce allergy prevention in high-risk families.

Palmer DJ, Campbell DE, Nanan R et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Platelet-Rich Plasma Provides Small but Superior Short-term Pain Relief and Functional Improvement Compared With Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The study systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials comparing intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus hyaluronic acid (HA) for knee osteoarthritis and meta-analyzed pain and functional outcomes. The key finding was that PRP provided small but superior short-term pain relief and functional improvement compared with HA, while also evaluating how PRP preparation/application factors influenced outcomes. This supports PRP as a potentially more effective short-term injectable option than HA for knee osteoarthritis, informing clinical decision-making and future trial design.

Zhong C, Wang K, Hu X et al. · Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Accuracy of type 2 inflammatory biomarkers to diagnose asthma in adults and children: a meta-analysis of 30 studies with prospective validation in an adult primary care cohort.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophil count (BEC) for ruling in asthma in adults and children, using bronchial provocation testing (BPT) or bronchodilator reversibility as reference standards and including prospective validation in an adult primary care cohort. Across 30 studies, FeNO and BEC showed clinically useful rule-in performance for asthma, addressing the limited yield of bronchodilator reversibility and restricted access to BPT in primary care. These findings support using FeNO and/or BEC as practical diagnostic biomarkers to improve asthma case identification when definitive testing is unavailable.

Roy MA, Gronnier M, Désy L et al. · The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Oncology Treatment Strategies and Clinical Trials

Esophageal Cancer.

This article reviews the epidemiology, histologic subtypes, and global trends of esophageal cancer, focusing on adenocarcinoma versus squamous-cell carcinoma patterns across populations. It highlights that adenocarcinoma incidence has risen rapidly in many Western countries while squamous-cell carcinoma incidence has declined, with opposite trends in many other regions. The synthesis supports improved understanding of population-specific risk and informs prevention and screening strategies for esophageal cancer.

Xie SH, Smyth E, Lagergren J · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Blinatumomab for Replacing Chemotherapy in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

This randomized clinical trial enrolled children with newly diagnosed high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and compared two cycles of blinatumomab (a CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engager) with two cycles of conventional chemotherapy after consolidation. Blinatumomab was evaluated as a potential replacement for chemotherapy with event-free survival as the primary endpoint. If effective, this strategy could reduce chemotherapy exposure while maintaining outcomes in pediatric high-risk B-cell ALL.

Schrappe M, Locatelli F, Valsecchi MG et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Real-World Determinants of Treatment Selection in Frontline Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The FIRST-CLL Study.

The FIRST-CLL prospective multicenter real-world study evaluated treatment selection determinants among 285 consecutive Italian patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma starting first-line therapy across 13 centers. Physicians’ relevance scoring showed that continuous Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor–based regimens (e.g., continuous BTKi) were frequently chosen, with regimen allocation influenced by biological, clinical, logistical, and patient-related factors. These findings can inform more consistent, evidence-aligned first-line treatment decisions in CLL where head-to-head comparisons are limited.

Perutelli F, Arata M, Pasquale R et al. · Hematological oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Oral KRAS G12D inhibitor GFH375 for previously treated advanced solid tumors with KRASG12D mutations: a phase 1 trial.

This phase 1 dose-escalation trial evaluated the oral KRAS G12D inhibitor GFH375 in patients with advanced solid tumors harboring KRASG12D mutations (including mainly PDAC, CRC, and NSCLC). GFH375 was designed to target both ON (GTP-bound) and OFF (GDP-bound) states of KRASG12D, with primary endpoints of safety/tolerability and recommended phase 2 dose. Clinically, the study tests a direct, state-broad KRASG12D approach for previously treated KRASG12D-mutant cancers where targeted options remain limited.

Ai X, Song Z, Wu L et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗

HIF1α-KLF4 signaling dictates extra-erythrocyte expression of hemoglobin conferring sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The study investigated how HIF1α–KLF4 signaling regulates extra-erythrocytic hemoglobin expression to drive ROS scavenging and sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. The authors found that HIF1α-KLF4 induces hemoglobin upregulation, which enhances ROS handling and confers sorafenib resistance, and that hemoglobin upregulation predicts poor outcomes. This links hypoxia-responsive transcriptional control to a clinically relevant anti-ROS mechanism, suggesting hemoglobin/heme biology as a potential strategy to overcome sorafenib resistance in HCC.

Zhang B, Liu F, Gao X et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Survival Outcomes With Cadonilimab Versus PD-(L)1 Therapy in Front-Line Gastric Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis.

The study compared survival outcomes of the PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody cadonilimab versus PD-(L)1 therapies as first-line treatment in HER2-negative gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer using a network meta-analysis, with emphasis on patients with low PD-L1 expression. The key finding was an indirect comparative assessment of survival benefit across treatment strategies stratified by PD-L1 status, addressing the ODAC concern that the risk–benefit profile for low PD-L1 patients is unclear. This analysis helps clinicians interpret how cadonilimab might extend PD-(L)1 regimens to lower PD-L1 populations and guides evidence-based treatment selection.

Yu ZK, Yi JH, Xue J et al. · Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Systemic therapy for HCC: Doublets, triplets and beyond.

This narrative review examined current and emerging systemic treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focusing on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations and newer approaches beyond standard doublets. It highlights that ICI-based combination regimens are now standard first-line therapy with improved survival and response compared with earlier tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based strategies, while triplet immunotherapy has not consistently improved outcomes and often increases toxicity. The review frames where future clinical development is likely to succeed, including bispecific antibodies and cell-based therapies.

Vogel A, Kelley RK · Journal of hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Radiation Therapy for Bladder Cancer: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline.

This ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline studied evidence to provide recommendations for radiation therapy (RT) indications, techniques, and dose-fractionation in patients with bladder cancer across localized, node-positive, metastatic, and symptomatic settings. It concludes with structured guidance on when to use curative-intent bladder preservation RT (with or without systemic therapy) and which RT approaches and fractionation regimens are appropriate for specific disease presentations. The guideline is clinically significant because it standardizes RT decision-making to improve outcomes and reduce variability in bladder cancer care.

Ballas LK, Solanki AA, Baumann BC et al. · Practical radiation oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Burden of cancer in Africa, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

This Lancet Oncology systematic analysis used Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 methods to estimate cancer burden across 54 African countries from 1990–2023 for 48 cancer types, including fatal and non-fatal outcomes. It finds that cancer burden is rising disproportionately across Africa and provides age- and sex-disaggregated estimates to quantify this trend despite limitations in surveillance data. The significance is that it supplies an empirical baseline to guide regional cancer control policy and to monitor progress toward global health targets.

The Lancet. Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Gastroenterology: IBD and GI Cancer/Inflammation

Short or Long Antibiotic Regimens in Orthopedics.

This study evaluated colonoscopy surveillance strategies after adenoma removal by randomizing patients with high-risk adenomas to a first follow-up colonoscopy at 5 years versus 3 years (with the 3-year group also undergoing another colonoscopy at 5 years). The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer at 10 years to test noninferiority of the longer interval. The results aim to refine guideline recommendations for surveillance intervals after high-risk polyp removal to balance cancer prevention with procedure burden.

McNally M, Dudareva M, Kümin M et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Antibiotic-Refractory Chronic Pouchitis After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis: Current and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.

This article reviews current and emerging therapeutic strategies for antibiotic-refractory chronic pouchitis after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis, a condition affecting a subset of patients after surgery. It summarizes evidence supporting probiotics for prevention in selected patients and highlights increasing use of biologics and small molecules (approved for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) to reduce antibiotic dependence and maintain disease control. Clinically, the review consolidates treatment pathways for a difficult-to-treat post-surgical inflammatory condition and points to targeted therapies as the main emerging direction.

Faggiani I, Tuttle C, Danese S et al. · Drugs · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Baseline Magnetic Resonance Enterography Stratifies Persistence Risk of Crohn’s Disease Strictures.

This Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology study evaluated whether baseline magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) imaging can stratify the risk of Crohn’s disease (CD) stricture persistence after initiation of advanced therapy. Using an activity-related score (A-score) and a persistence-associated structural score (P-score) derived in a development cohort (2012–2020) and validated in a temporally separated cohort (2021–2024), it found that the MRE-based framework predicts stricture non-improvement (persistence risk). The scientific significance is that it provides a noninvasive imaging stratification tool to better forecast treatment response in CD strictures.

Takenaka K, Tsuchiya J, Kawamoto A et al. · Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Diabetes, Metabolic Disease, and MASLD

Prime editing models the MTARC1 A165T variant in human liver organoids, demonstrating reduced steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.

The study used prime editing to model the human MTARC1 rs2642438 (p.A165T) protective variant in human liver organoids and assessed effects on MASLD-related phenotypes. Organoids carrying the MTARC1 A165T variant showed reduced steatosis along with decreased inflammation and fibrosis compared with controls. This provides a gene-editing–based human model linking MTARC1 A165T to protection from MASLD progression and supports MTARC1 as a mechanistic target.

Ben Saad A, Arghiani N, Weilheimer AD et al. · Hepatology communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide According to Frailty Status: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SELECT Randomized Clinical Trial.

This post hoc analysis evaluated whether frailty modifies the efficacy and safety of the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide in adults with cardiovascular disease and overweight/obesity without diabetes, using the 31-item Rockwood cumulative deficit frailty index from the SELECT randomized clinical trial. The key finding is that semaglutide’s benefit-risk profile was assessed across frailty strata (not frail, more frail, and most frail), indicating whether frailty status changes treatment effects. Clinically, this informs how to individualize semaglutide use for cardiovascular risk reduction in older or frail patients.

Ostrominski JW, Plutzky J, Scirica BM et al. · JAMA cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

American Society of Hematology 2026 guidelines for diagnosis of iron deficiency.

This article presents the American Society of Hematology (ASH) 2026 evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing iron deficiency across global clinical settings. The key finding is the establishment of diagnostic criteria intended to be evidence-based and to address limitations of prior guidance, supporting standardized evaluation before progression to iron-deficiency anemia. These guidelines are clinically significant because they improve diagnostic accuracy and harmonize care for patients with suspected iron deficiency worldwide.

Powers JM, Lim MY, Achebe MO et al. · Blood advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of Semaglutide, Liraglutide and Tirzepatide on Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Comparative Narrative Review.

This narrative review compared the cardiometabolic effects of incretin-based therapies—semaglutide, liraglutide, and tirzepatide—focusing on cardiometabolic outcomes and selected cardiovascular and renal endpoints. The key finding is that these drugs differ in pharmacology (GLP-1 receptor agonism versus dual GIP/GLP-1 agonism) and therefore show distinct patterns of effects on surrogate markers such as glycemic control and body weight, alongside outcomes from major trials. The significance is that it helps clinicians and researchers contextualize expected cardiometabolic benefits when choosing among these therapies for obesity, T2DM, and cardiovascular risk reduction.

Bawadi H, Abuhijleh H, Nofal M et al. · Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Incremental effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes and MASLD across Asian study settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed incremental effects of adding SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, or pioglitazone to comparable background glucose-lowering therapy in Asian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The key finding was the comparative hepatic and metabolic benefit of these add-on drug classes across Asian study settings, synthesized from trials identified through 30 June 2026. Clinically, the results support selecting glucose-lowering therapies with additional liver-relevant effects for T2DM patients with MASLD.

Zheng H, Han J · Frontiers in endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Long-Term Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Incident Pancreatic Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study Using the TriNetX Network.

This propensity score–matched retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX federated EHR network to compare adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating GLP-1 receptor agonists versus users of insulin, metformin, and other antidiabetic classes for incident pancreatic cancer risk. GLP-1 RA initiation was evaluated for long-term association with pancreatic cancer incidence after balancing baseline differences via propensity matching. If confirmed, the findings would clarify whether GLP-1 RA therapy alters pancreatic cancer risk and inform diabetes medication risk–benefit decisions.

Kazi MAI, Khan J, Mufarrih SM et al. · Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

2026 EASD evidence-based clinical practice guideline for assessing and managing diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes.

This 2026 EASD evidence-based clinical practice guideline was developed for adults with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes to assess and manage diabetes distress using a GRADE-based, PICOT-framed approach. The guideline provides recommendations on optimal approaches and timing for identifying/exploring diabetes distress and addresses the effectiveness of interventions to reduce it. Clinically, it aims to standardize person-centred screening and treatment of diabetes distress to improve psychosocial outcomes alongside glycemic care.

Speight J, Hermanns N, Jensen W et al. · Diabetologia · (2026) · 3 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cagrilintide and retatrutide combination therapy enhances weight loss and metabolic outcomes in obese male rats.

This preclinical study tested whether combining the peptide GLP-1R/GIPR/GCGR tri-agonist retatrutide with the AMLNR/CALCR co-agonist cagrilintide improves metabolic outcomes in diet-induced obese male rats. Daily co-administration produced dose-dependent reductions in body weight and food intake that exceeded equimolar monotherapies and matched-dose comparator combinations (including semaglutide- or tirzepatide-based comparators), alongside improved circulating metabolic markers. The findings support combination multi-receptor agonism as a strategy to achieve greater weight loss and metabolic control than single agents in obesity models.

Petersen J, Merrild C, Holm SK et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Whole-grain consumption and cardiometabolic risk: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

This meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluated how whole-grain consumption affects cardiometabolic risk factors, estimating mean differences per 48 g/day whole grains (dry weight). Whole-grain intake was associated with reductions in body weight and waist circumference and improved cardiometabolic markers across included trials. These results strengthen the evidence base that whole grains confer cardiometabolic benefits and provide quantitative effect sizes to guide dietary recommendations.

Naghshi S, Kiani S, Ostadrahimi A et al. · European heart journal · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Vaccines and Infectious Disease Immunology

Differential pathogenesis and antiviral treatment outcomes of MPXV clade Ib and clade IIb in a BALB/c mouse model.

The study compared monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade Ib versus clade IIb using an intranasal BALB/c mouse model to assess differences in pathogenesis and antiviral treatment outcomes. Clade Ib produced lethal disease at a roughly ten-fold lower inoculation dose than clade IIb and showed faster disease progression. These data identify biologically distinct virulence and treatment-response characteristics between MPXV clades, informing risk assessment and therapeutic planning.

Feng Y, Shen C, Jia P et al. · Emerging microbes & infections · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Broadly neutralizing antibodies in adult males living with HIV undergoing analytical treatment interruption: secondary and exploratory outcomes of the phase II randomized controlled RIO trial.

This phase 2 randomized controlled RIO trial studied 68 adult men living with HIV who underwent analytical treatment interruption after initiating ART during primary/early infection, comparing long-acting broadly neutralizing antibodies 3BNC117-LS and 10-1074-LS (one or two doses) versus saline. In secondary/exploratory analyses, broadly neutralizing antibody treatment was associated with improved virologic control outcomes, including delayed viral rebound and prolonged ART-free control relative to placebo. Clinically, the results reinforce the potential of long-acting bNAbs to support functional HIV control during treatment interruption.

Fumagalli MJ, Kaczynska A, Allombert M et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in people on immunosuppressive therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This Lancet Microbe systematic review and meta-analysis studied COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in adults receiving immunosuppressive therapies, focusing on populations with haematological malignancies and autoimmune/immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. It concludes by synthesizing evidence from randomized trials and observational studies to quantify vaccine effectiveness in these immunosuppressed groups, where efficacy has been under-estimated due to limited randomized data. The significance is that it informs clinical expectations and public-health decisions for vaccination in medically vulnerable patients on conventional synthetic or targeted immunosuppressive regimens.

Stadler E, Khan SR, Elias KM et al. · The Lancet. Microbe · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Evaluation of the effect of serotype on pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-induced immunity: an exploratory analysis of the PREVENTING PNEUMO 2 trial.

This exploratory analysis of the PREVENTING PNEUMO 2 trial evaluated whether serotype-specific humoral immune responses to pneumococcal capsule polysaccharides CPS3 and CPS6B after PCV13 vaccination are associated with protection from experimental pneumococcal carriage. In a prospective cohort nested within a double-masked, randomized phase 4 human pneumococcal challenge trial (healthy adults aged 18–50), it assesses the relationship between post-vaccination antibody responses and subsequent carriage outcomes for specific serotypes. The clinical significance is that it clarifies serotype-dependent correlates of protection for PCV13, particularly for serotype 3 where carriage risk remains relevant.

Gonzalez-Dias P, Gonçalves A, Reiné J et al. · The Lancet. Microbe · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting triggers translational stress to promote viral replication.

This work studied programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) in SARS-CoV-2 as a regulatory mechanism that rewires host translation during early infection, using a minimal SARS-CoV-2 PRF element and host integrated stress response (ISR) signaling. The PRF element activated the GCN2 arm of the ISR independently of the canonical sensor ZAKα, shutting off host translation as a temporal switch that was required for viral propagation in cells and human airway organoids. These results identify host translation-stress pathways (including GCN2 and downstream mediators such as DRG1 and IGF2BP3) as potential targets to limit SARS-CoV-2 replication.

Xavier A, Kolling M, Bourke AM et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A single-dose inhalable rAAV-vectored vaccine against mpox virus.

This preclinical study developed and tested a single-dose, needle-free inhalable rAAV-vectored vaccine against mpox (monkeypox virus, MPXV) and related orthopoxviruses, using rAAV/DJ vectors encoding MPXV antigens. Two multivalent constructs (MV-A encoding M1R/A35R and MV-B encoding A29L/B6R, plus a combined MV-C) were engineered with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and induced strong antigen-presenting cell activation and immunogenicity after one inhaled dose. The work supports a practical mucosal vaccination strategy that could enable rapid, scalable protection during mpox outbreaks.

Jiao Z, Zheng Z, Xue Y et al. · Cell reports. Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiovascular Disease Mechanisms and Interventions

Endothelial C/EBPβ/AEP pathway drives vascular deterioration and systemic aging.

The study investigated how age-related microvascular dysfunction is driven at the molecular level by focusing on the endothelial C/EBPβ/asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) pathway in mice. Endothelial-specific overexpression of C/EBPβ or AEP accelerated vascular aging and shortened lifespan, and AEP mediated proteolytic cleavage of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to disrupt NAD+ metabolism. This mechanistic pathway links endothelial protease activity to systemic aging, suggesting potential targets to slow vascular deterioration and extend healthspan.

Li B, Nie S, Wang M et al. · Science advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The molecular landscape of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy across disease stages and genotypes.

This study performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on cardiac tissue from 47 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) across obstructive HCM with preserved systolic function and end-stage HCM, stratifying by sarcomere genotype and comparing to nonfailing donor and dilated cardiomyopathy hearts. It identified stage- and genotype-specific transcriptional programs linked to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and vascular dysfunction. These molecular maps across disease stages and genotypes can refine mechanistic understanding and support more precise prognostic stratification and therapeutic targeting in HCM.

Adami E, Kim Y, Zheng SL et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Oscillatory shear stress-induced endothelial extracellular vesicles exacerbate aortic valve calcification.

This mechanistic cardiovascular study investigated how oscillatory shear stress (OSS)–induced endothelial small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exacerbate aortic valve calcification in calcific aortic valve disease. Using circRNA microarray sequencing, it identified circILRUN as a top upregulated circRNA in sEVs from OSS-stimulated human valvular endothelial cells, and sEV-delivered circILRUN promoted pro-calcific signaling in human valvular interstitial cells. These findings suggest circILRUN-containing endothelial sEVs as a mechanistic driver and potential therapeutic target for aortic valve calcification.

Chen S, Shang X, Xu J et al. · Cardiovascular research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Intensity-specific physical activity and mortality in 147,414 adults: a pooled accelerometer analysis.

This pooled accelerometer analysis examined associations between intensity-specific physical activity and mortality in 147,414 adults aged 40–74 years from the German National Cohort (NAKO) and UK Biobank. Using multivariable Cox models and time-reallocation models, the study estimated hazard ratios for mortality across light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity activity. The results are significant for public health guidance on how reallocating time across activity intensities may change mortality risk.

Stein MJ, Lendt C, Bamberg F et al. · The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Age-associated loss of lymphatic vessels promotes cardiac inflammation.

The study examined how aging affects cardiac lymphatic vasculature in humans and mice, focusing on lymphatic density/remodeling and downstream immune and protein deposition outcomes. Aging reduced cardiac lymphatic vessel density and induced tighter “zipper-like” endothelial junctions, which correlated with immune infiltration, fibrinogen and amyloid accumulation, and myocardial edema; experimentally reducing lymphatics via Flt4 (VEGFR3) depletion or soluble Flt4 overexpression recapitulated cardiac aging inflammation and impaired lymphatic integrity. These results identify age-associated lymphatic loss as a mechanistic driver of cardiac inflammation and suggest lymphatic-targeted interventions as potential anti-inflammatory strategies.

Wagner JUG, Gulshan H, Sultan I et al. · Nature cardiovascular research · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

On-premise medical AI agents for reliable clinical decision-making.

This study evaluated an on-premise clinical AI agent for reliable clinical decision-making, focusing on institutionally governed deployment and uncertainty estimation for selective autonomy. The authors developed a fully on-premise agent that couples local operational control with a multi-perspective reliability framework and assessed it on two MIMIC-IV-derived benchmarks. Scientifically and clinically, the work advances safer deployment of LLM-based medical agents by improving decision-time reliability rather than relying on continuous human oversight.

Zhang L, Wölflein G, Ferber D et al. · Nature medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prognostic Factors Associated with Fatal Outcomes in COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocarditis.

This pharmacovigilance study analyzed reported fatal outcomes in vaccine-related myocarditis (VRM) among COVID-19 vaccine recipients using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (2021–2024). Logistic regression identified clinical/reporting factors associated with death versus survival in VRM reports. The work is significant for risk stratification and guiding monitoring and management strategies for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis.

Ueda T, Amiya E, Hatano M et al. · ESC heart failure · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effect of Yoga on Ventricular Premature Complex Burden and Quality of Life: The VPC-Yoga Study.

This single-center, prospective randomized controlled trial tested whether an adjunctive structured yoga intervention reduces ventricular premature complex (VPC) burden and improves quality of life (QoL) and left ventricular ejection fraction in 134 patients with frequent VPCs (≥5% on 24-hour Holter). The study evaluated changes in VPC burden and clinical outcomes after randomization to yoga versus control, targeting autonomic modulation as the proposed mechanism. If effective, yoga could represent a low-risk nonpharmacologic strategy to reduce arrhythmia burden and improve patient-centered outcomes in frequent VPC patients.

Sharma G, Ev A, Rengan A et al. · JACC. Advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Microbiology, Antimicrobials, and Phage/Diagnostics

A rapid CRISPR-based nanodroplet assay enables direct clinical identification of mycobacteria species.

This study developed a multiplexed CRISPR-assisted nanodroplet differential identification (CANDI) diagnostic platform that combines species-agnostic target amplification with species-specific CRISPR detection to rapidly identify nontuberculous mycobacteria species from clinical samples. The key finding is that the assay enables direct, rapid species-level identification without prolonged culture, addressing the slow and often inaccurate conventional workflow. This could substantially improve clinical management of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections by shortening time-to-species and enabling earlier, more appropriate therapy.

Gou H, Chen L, Eick KL et al. · Science translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cryo-EM structures of Candida albicans chitin synthase Chs1 reveal a druggable translocation channel.

The study solved cryo-EM structures of Candida albicans class II chitin synthase Chs1 (CaChs1) to understand its mechanism and drug inhibition, including a translocation channel. The structures (2.93–3.38 Å) revealed details of early elongation and chito-oligomer translocation and showed inhibition by the CaChs1-specific non-competitive inhibitor diynyl arylamine (DA). Scientifically and therapeutically, it provides a structural basis for developing drugs targeting the class II Chs translocation channel to treat invasive candidiasis.

Ren Z, Chhetri A, Liu C et al. · Nature microbiology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Histone H2B monoubiquitination drives sexual commitment in malaria parasites.

The study used CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis screens in Plasmodium yoelii to identify ubiquitination machinery components required for sexual conversion (gametocytogenesis) and transmission to mosquitoes. It found that the E2 enzyme Rad6B and its RING-type E3 ligase partner Tex1 are determinant for gametocytogenesis, with deletion of either impairing sexual development and transmission. This implicates a specific Rad6B–Tex1 ubiquitination pathway as a potential target to block malaria transmission.

Jiao Z, Lin L, Tang R et al. · Nature microbiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Phage bioinformatics tools: a review of computational approaches for bacteriophage research.

This Briefings in Bioinformatics review studied computational tools for bacteriophage research in the context of rising clinical interest in phage therapy and expanding metagenomic sequence catalogs. It finds that more than 80 dedicated tools (mostly since 2020) cover phage identification, assembly, annotation, taxonomy, lifestyle prediction, defense-system detection, and host prediction, spanning three computational paradigms: sequence homology, machine learning, and foundation models. The review is significant because it maps the current bioinformatics landscape and benchmarks modern approaches that can achieve high predictive performance (e.g., Matthews correlation coefficients >0.95) for phage-related tasks.

Pang SJL, Wee SK, Yap EPH · Briefings in bioinformatics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer Imaging, Diagnostics, and Prognostication

High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors using a large cohort.

This study analyzed a large cohort of 421 patients with high-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) to identify prognostic factors using methylation profiling and NCI-Bethesda classifier version 3 methylation classifier scores (HGAP class score ≥0.90). The key finding is that methylation-based classification combined with clinical variables can stratify survival outcomes, enabling identification of factors associated with prognosis across the cohort. This is significant because it improves prognostic understanding for a recently defined tumor entity and supports more consistent diagnosis and risk assessment.

Zhang S, Singh O, Dazelle K et al. · Neuro-oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Prognostic stratification of patients with biliary tract cancer treated with chemoimmunotherapy: A retrospective multicenter real-world study.

In a retrospective multicenter real-world analysis, 712 patients (training) and 646 patients (validation) with locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer were evaluated for prognostic stratification after first-line chemoimmunotherapy with cisplatin, gemcitabine, and durvalumab. The study identified a novel prognostic index based on five baseline variables—disease stage, neutrophils, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 1 (CA19-9)—to predict overall survival. Clinically, this index could help risk-stratify BTC patients receiving cisplatin/gemcitabine/durvalumab and guide treatment planning and trial enrichment.

Persano M, Casadei-Gardini A, Fornaro L et al. · Cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Advances in the imaging of liver cancer.

This review summarized advances in imaging for liver cancer, covering hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) across surveillance, diagnosis, staging, prognostication, and treatment response assessment. It reports that improvements in ultrasound, CT/MRI techniques, diagnostic frameworks, and computational/quantitative analysis have expanded the clinical utility of liver imaging. Scientifically and clinically, these developments aim to improve earlier detection, more accurate staging, and better monitoring of therapeutic response in patients with liver malignancies.

Joo I, Lee JM, Ronot M · Journal of hepatology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Advances in single-cell and spatial multi-omics for deciphering the mechanisms of pan-organ metastasis in breast cancer.

This Biochimica et Biophysica Acta review synthesizes single-cell sequencing, multi-omics integration, and spatial profiling approaches to study pan-organ metastasis mechanisms in breast cancer across bone, lung, liver, and brain. It reports that these high-resolution techniques can identify rare metastasis-initiating clones and characterize how tumor cells adapt to distinct organ microenvironments beyond what bulk omics can capture. The review is significant because it provides a roadmap for mechanistic discovery and potential organ-targeted interventions using spatial and single-cell multi-omics.

Qu Y, Sun J, Wang Z et al. · Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Dermatology Therapies

Roflumilast Cream for Residual Disease in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis on Dupilumab: A Retrospective Chart Review Study.

This retrospective chart review studied adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) who were treated with dupilumab and then received adjunctive roflumilast cream for persistent residual disease at a single academic center. Patients with residual AD on dupilumab who were subsequently prescribed roflumilast cream showed clinical improvement/outcomes consistent with benefit as an add-on topical therapy. These findings support further evaluation of roflumilast cream as a steroid-sparing option for managing residual AD activity in dupilumab-treated patients.

Cutrona M, Golant AK · Dermatology and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Exercise and Cancer Outcomes

Structured exercise interventions and survival outcomes in patients with cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials studied whether structured exercise interventions in adults with confirmed cancer improve survival-related outcomes. Across eligible RCTs, structured exercise was associated with improved survival-related endpoints (including relapse and/or time-to-event measures, as reported in the included trials). These findings support structured exercise as a potentially disease-modifying adjunct in oncology care, warranting incorporation into survivorship and clinical trial designs aimed at extending survival.

Tzang CC, Luo CA, Kuo VF et al. · British journal of sports medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

UCI Sports Nutrition Project: Position Statement on Nutrition for Cycling.

This position statement synthesized evidence from 54 researchers to define nutrition requirements for different cycling disciplines and rider contexts within the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) Sports Nutrition Project. It concludes that cycling performance, training adaptation, recovery, and rider health depend on discipline-specific fueling strategies that account for physiological demands and real-world logistical constraints. The guideline is clinically and scientifically significant because it standardizes practical, evidence-based nutrition targets to improve outcomes across competitive and training settings in cyclists.

Burke LM, Dolan E, Gonzalez JT et al. · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neuromyelitis Optica and Autoimmune Neuroinflammation

Comparative effectiveness of inebilizumab versus conventional immunotherapies in AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD: a prospective cohort study with time-varying treatment effects.

This prospective cohort study compared inebilizumab with conventional maintenance immunotherapies (azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab) in maintenance-therapy-naive patients with AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder using inverse probability of treatment weighting with time-varying treatment effects. Inebilizumab showed superior effectiveness versus the conventional comparators on relapse and disability outcomes, including lower annualised relapse rate and delayed time to first relapse. Clinically, these data strengthen the evidence base for choosing inebilizumab as maintenance therapy in AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD to reduce relapses and disability progression.

Huang W, Zhang X, Wang Z et al. · Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Anti-CD40L prevents meningeal B cell aggregates and mitigates progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

This preclinical study evaluated whether blocking CD40L with an anti-CD40L intervention prevents meningeal B cell aggregate formation and mitigates progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the opticospinal encephalomyelitis (OSE) mouse model. Anti-CD40L reduced meningeal tertiary lymphoid structure–associated B cell aggregates and attenuated progression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The results support CD40L as a therapeutic target to disrupt compartmentalized CNS autoimmunity driven by meningeal immune niches.

Tyystjärvi S, Ruiz Navarro DE, Kulisch LM et al. · Brain : a journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Generated automatically on September 17, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.