PubMed Trending Research Digest — September 22, 2026

Automated digest · 96 articles · 15 research areas · September 22, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s PubMed highlights, a dominant theme is translation: multiple studies aim to move from mechanistic insight to actionable clinical strategies. In cancer, this shows up as improved targeting and modeling—CRISPR approaches for prostate cancer drivers, CAR-T engineering and CAR-T toxicity pathology, and radiotherapy planning changes for limited-stage SCLC—alongside advances in noninvasive risk stratification using MRI/CT-based phenotypes and AI models. In parallel, several immune-focused papers emphasize how specific pathways (e.g., immune-pressure redistribution in PD-1 resistance, complement inhibition in kidney transplant, and neuroimmune amplifiers like ISG15 in NMOSD) can be mapped to biomarkers and therapeutic design.

A second major thread is precision care within real-world constraints. Observational and implementation studies address how structural and monitoring limitations affect outcomes in bronchiectasis/NTM care, post-VTE surveillance during DOAC adoption, and persistent Long COVID among healthcare personnel—while stewardship frameworks (diagnostic stewardship, AI-in-trials guidance) target reliability and misuse in healthcare decision-making. In critical care, work on pre-ICU fluid choice in sepsis and ICU glucose monitoring accuracy underscores how early, operational decisions can materially change patient trajectories.

Finally, the digest reflects growing attention to circuit- and system-level mechanisms in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disease. Studies span from receptor- and ion-channel circuit control of risk-taking and fear memory, to exercise-linked irisin–BDNF neuroprotection, to ALS/FTD and Alzheimer’s therapeutic candidates. Together with rehabilitation and metabolic intervention trials (including GLP-1-based comparisons and body-composition outcomes), the overall picture is of increasingly mechanism-informed, phenotype-driven medicine—seeking safer, more effective interventions tailored to patient biology and care delivery realities.

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Clinical Trial Methods, Evidence Synthesis & Health Policy/Stewardship

Characteristics Associated With Persistent Long COVID Symptoms in Healthcare Personnel Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Between August 2022 and May 2024: A Multicenter Cohort Analysis of US Healthcare Personnel.

This multicenter cohort study examined persistent Long COVID symptoms in US healthcare personnel (HCP) who were SARS-CoV-2–positive between August 2022 and May 2024, using electronic surveys at 3 and 6 months. Persistent Long COVID was defined as the same moderate/severe symptom at both timepoints, and the analysis used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios for associations with vaccination status, prior infection, underlying conditions, and demographics. The findings are clinically important for identifying which HCP subgroups are at higher risk for ongoing symptoms and for targeting prevention and occupational health support.

Kontowicz E, Irish AK, Lee LC et al. · American journal of industrial medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Caregiver perceptions toward naloxone for cancer patients at risk of opioid overdose.

This prospective cross-sectional survey study assessed caregiver perceptions of naloxone co-prescription for cancer patients at risk of opioid overdose, conducted at a US tertiary palliative/supportive care clinic between May 2020 and April 2022. Caregivers’ knowledge, beliefs, confidence, and perceived barriers/facilitators toward naloxone were measured after naloxone prescriptions were provided to eligible patients by the study team. Understanding these perceptions is significant for improving implementation of naloxone programs and reducing opioid-related harm in oncology settings.

Pawate V, Amaram-Davila JS, Rozman de Moraes A et al. · Palliative & supportive care · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Oral vitamin C supplementation in patients with clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance or lower-risk myeloid malignancies: Results from EVITA, a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

The EVITA phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied oral vitamin C supplementation in adults with clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) or lower-risk myeloid malignancies, motivated by vitamin C’s role as a cofactor for TET enzymes involved in DNA demethylation. The trial evaluated vitamin C’s biological activity, safety, and clinical impact in this population, with the underlying mechanistic rationale linked to TET2-driven leukemia biology. If effective, oral vitamin C could represent a low-cost epigenetic-modulating strategy to delay progression in early myeloid disease.

Mikkelsen SU, Al-Mousawi A, Puglisi AB et al. · Cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cost comparison of intravenous immunoglobulin and subcutaneous efgartigimod in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

This US payer-perspective cost analysis compared intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG; Panzyga) with subcutaneous efgartigimod (Vyvgart Hytrulo) in adults with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Using a cost-per-responder framework at standard (1 g/kg) and higher (2 g/kg) maintenance doses over 6- and 12-month horizons, efficacy and responder definitions were sourced from the ADHERE trial (efgartigimod) and the ProCID trial (IVIG). The results are significant for health-economic decision-making by estimating which therapy provides better value per clinical responder under different dosing and time horizons.

Muley SA, Gucciardi I, Kaisare V et al. · Journal of medical economics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lenalidomide maintenance after initial immunochemotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia-Final analysis of the international phase III CLL6 RESIDUUM study of the ALLG and FILO groups.

This study reported final results from the international phase III CLL6 RESIDUUM trial evaluating lenalidomide maintenance versus observation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with residual disease after initial immunochemotherapy. In 143 randomized patients, lenalidomide maintenance (2 years of daily dosing) was tested for its effect on time to disease progression or death, addressing the clinical question of whether maintenance improves outcomes when MRD negativity is not achieved. The trial’s final analysis clarifies the role of lenalidomide maintenance in residual-disease CLL, guiding post-induction management strategies.

Aurran-Schleinitz T, Letestu R, Sartor M et al. · British journal of haematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Leveraging external control for accelerating development: A case study from cell gene therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

This case study examined how external control strategies can accelerate development of cell and gene therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy when placebo-controlled randomized trials are difficult due to small populations and ethical/cost constraints. The key finding is that external controls can support clinical development but require careful methodological choices to avoid biased comparisons. Scientifically, the work highlights practical design considerations for using external control arms to generate credible evidence for CGTs in rare genetic diseases.

Li H, Roychoudhury S, Shi H et al. · Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Temporal Changes in Hospital-Captured 90-Day Care After Venous Thromboembolism: A 16-Year Electronic Health Record Cohort Study.

This single-center retrospective electronic health record cohort study assessed temporal changes in hospital-captured 90-day post–venous thromboembolism (VTE) care documentation from 2009–2024 as treatment shifted toward direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The key finding is that the frequency of structured reassessment processes—such as clinical follow-up, laboratory monitoring, and selective imaging—changed over time during the DOAC transition. Clinically, it highlights potential gaps in post-VTE surveillance that could affect outcomes when mandatory monitoring visits decrease.

Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang X et al. · Vascular health and risk management · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Common Pain Medications: Indications, Efficacy, Dosing, Formulations, Mechanisms of Action, and Contraindications.

This educational review summarized common pain medications by indication, efficacy, dosing, formulations, mechanisms of action, and contraindications across acute and chronic pain categories. It integrates evidence for multiple drug classes (including non-opioid analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, muscle relaxants, and opioids) with emphasis on safety considerations in the context of the opioid crisis. The review’s significance is to support safer, mechanism-informed prescribing and patient selection for pain management.

Anwar AI, Noble RK, Jenks KB et al. · Psychopharmacology bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The Association Between Depression and Survival in Asthma: The Mediating Role of Income.

This NHANES-linked cohort study assessed the association between depression and survival in 4,945 adults with asthma and tested whether income mediated this relationship. Depression was measured using PHQ-9, and mortality was determined via linkage to the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. The study’s significance is that it identifies socioeconomic income as a potential mediator of depression-related mortality risk in asthma, informing risk stratification and targeted interventions.

Wang Z, Teng X · Depression and anxiety · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gabapentin-Induced Severe Vivid Nightmares: A Case Series and Brief Review.

This case series with a brief literature review described gabapentin-induced severe vivid nightmares in two patients treated for spinal pain syndromes. In both cases, discontinuation of gabapentin and transition to pregabalin led to resolution of nightmares. The report is clinically significant because it highlights a potentially underrecognized psychiatric/sleep adverse effect of gabapentin that can affect adherence and quality of life.

Hasoon J, Nguyen A, Safabakhsh NA et al. · Psychopharmacology bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers as Predictors of Antidepressant Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This updated systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether baseline peripheral inflammatory biomarkers predict antidepressant treatment response in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Across studies published from February 2021 to January 2026, it pooled responder versus non-responder differences using random-effects models (standardized mean differences/Hedges’ g) and performed subgroup analyses by antidepressant class and publication period. The work is significant because it refines evidence on inflammatory biomarker–response associations that could support more personalized antidepressant selection in MDD.

Chun HW, Park YE, Kim JH et al. · Psychopharmacology bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Artificial intelligence in clinical trials-state of the evidence, gaps, and next steps.

This article studied how artificial intelligence (AI) is used in clinical trials, distinguishing AI as the intervention under evaluation versus AI as trial-operations infrastructure. It concludes that AI-as-intervention generally requires prospective clinical evaluation, while AI-for-trial-operations can be assessed through different evidence pathways because it is not the treatment being tested. The framework is clinically significant because it clarifies regulatory and study-design gaps for safely and effectively integrating AI into trials.

Armoundas AA, Tarabanis C, Loscalzo J · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sex-specific patterns of symptom burden, psychological distress, and work productivity impairment in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a 10-month dynamic cohort study.

This prospective 10-month dynamic cohort study examined sex-specific differences in symptom burden, psychological distress, work productivity impairment, and physical activity among patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study found longitudinal, sex-dependent patterns in these domains across follow-up (full quantitative results are truncated in the abstract). These findings support sex-tailored monitoring and rehabilitation strategies for PASC to reduce persistent functional and mental health impacts.

Sauer A, Boblitz L, Drick N et al. · BMC pulmonary medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Strategies to prevent post-transplant relapse in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.

This narrative review summarized strategies to prevent post-transplant relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It contrasts prophylactic maintenance (often using hypomethylating agents such as azacitidine in high-risk patients even without measurable residual disease) with pre-emptive treatment triggered by measurable residual disease (MRD) detection or declining donor chimerism (full regimen details truncated). Optimizing post-transplant maintenance or MRD-guided interventions could improve relapse-free survival by adding anti-leukemic effects after conditioning and before full graft-versus-leukemia immunity develops.

Najima Y · International journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Definitions of neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review.

This systematic review evaluated how neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is defined and staged in randomized controlled trials, focusing on criteria used for diagnosis and trial eligibility. It assessed the use of commonly applied staging approaches (including Bell’s criteria) and highlighted the need for updated, trial-relevant NEC definitions as survival improved at earlier gestations (full findings truncated). Standardizing NEC definitions across RCTs is crucial for reliable comparisons of interventions and for improving evidence synthesis in preterm neonates.

Ballantine RS, Campbell E, Croitoru O et al. · Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

[Oncology Society of Chinese Medical Association guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer (2026 edition)].

This document reports the Oncology Society of Chinese Medical Association guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer (2026 edition), developed by a multidisciplinary expert consensus across respiratory medicine, medical oncology, thoracic surgery, radiation oncology, radiology, and pathology. The key finding is that the 2026 edition incorporates updates and refinements compared with the 2025 guideline to standardize prevention and management and improve patient prognosis. Its significance is practical: it provides evidence-based recommendations intended to harmonize lung cancer care across clinical settings in China.

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Generative Artificial Intelligence for Systematic Literature Reviews: A Good Practices Report of an ISPOR Special Task Force.

This ISPOR Special Task Force report studied how generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) can be used responsibly across systematic literature review (SLR) workflows in health technology assessment and health economics/outcomes research. It synthesized 115 empirical studies (Nov 2022–July 2025) and produced evidence-informed, task-level good-practice recommendations for core SLR steps. The guidance is significant because it helps standardize GenAI use to improve reliability and accountability of evidence synthesis in clinical and payer decision-making.

Fleurence RL, Qureshi R, Aggarwal R et al. · Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Diagnostic stewardship as the heart of clinical microbiology: a position paper of the French Society for Microbiology (SFM).

This position paper studied the concept of diagnostic stewardship in clinical microbiology, focusing on how modern diagnostic technologies can increase interpretive complexity and lead to misuse. It concluded that diagnostic stewardship is essential because uncontextualized laboratory results can drive inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, making the laboratory a key determinant of antimicrobial use. The significance is that it provides a framework for microbiology services to improve antibiotic stewardship through better interpretation, communication, and clinical engagement.

Mizrahi A, Burucoa C, LE Goff J et al. · Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Sepsis and Critical Care Interventions

Accuracy of an Interstitial Continuous Glucose Management System in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.

This prospective observational ancillary study in 20 critically ill adults with stress hyperglycemia (no prior diabetes) evaluated the accuracy of the Dexcom G7 interstitial continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system during stable ICU conditions and during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT). Dexcom G7 performance was assessed against reference glucose measurements specifically during rapid glucose excursions induced by IVGTT. If accurate under these conditions, interstitial CGM could improve glycemic surveillance in the ICU where glucose fluctuates quickly and intermittent monitoring is inadequate.

Seret M, Dupuis C, Alves de Araújo V et al. · Journal of diabetes science and technology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Machine Learning Prediction and Causal Forest Analysis of Severe Acute Kidney Injury in ICU Patients with COPD: A MIMIC-IV Study.

This retrospective MIMIC-IV v3.1 study modeled and explored (via machine learning plus causal forest–style exposure-effect estimation) severe acute kidney injury (KDIGO stage 3) in 4,705 ICU patients with COPD. Using consensus feature selection (LASSO, Boruta, random-forest importance), multiple classifiers, SHAP for interpretability, and a 24-hour ICU landmark analysis, the authors assessed predictive performance and temporal robustness while addressing causality beyond association. Scientifically, it provides a framework for more causal-aware risk stratification of severe AKI in COPD critical illness, potentially improving early identification and intervention.

Fang L, Wang F, Chen J et al. · International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

An mPFC-DMV cortical-autonomic-immune axis governs stress-induced immune dysregulation in sepsis.

This study investigated how a medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)–dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) cortical-autonomic-immune axis governs stress-induced immune dysregulation in sepsis using a mouse model. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) followed by endotoxemia increased mortality, systemic inflammation, and immune imbalance, and the authors identified impaired mPFC–DMV circuit function as a key mediator of neuroimmune homeostasis disruption (downstream immune measures truncated). Targeting this mPFC–DMV pathway could offer a mechanistic strategy to mitigate stress-amplified sepsis severity.

Yin L, Liu F, Li M et al. · Molecular psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Impact of pre-ICU balanced crystalloids versus saline on mortality in sepsis: a propensity score-matched multicenter cohort study.

This propensity score-matched multicenter cohort study examined adult sepsis patients receiving initial pre-ICU fluid resuscitation with either balanced crystalloids or 0.9% sodium chloride (saline) between September 2019 and December 2023. It found an association between the type of pre-ICU crystalloid administered and subsequent clinical outcomes after sepsis presentation (with outcomes compared between balanced crystalloid and saline groups). The scientific significance is that it clarifies whether fluid choice before ICU admission influences mortality and other endpoints, informing earlier sepsis resuscitation practices.

Kim TW, Kim Y, Baek MS et al. · Chest · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Neurodevelopmental & Circuit Neuroscience (including Epilepsy/Psychiatry)

Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human fetal uveal tract reveals heterogeneity in melanocyte populations.

This iScience study generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human fetal uveal tract by profiling 81,603 cells from eight eyes at 12 and 20 post-conception weeks, focusing on melanocyte heterogeneity. Among 5,142 melanocytes, the authors identified four subpopulations, including a posterior-enriched cluster expressing NR2F1, FOXC1, and PITX2 along with extracellular matrix and angiogenic genes and predicted to communicate with Schwann cells and endothelial cells. These developmental gene-expression maps provide mechanistic hypotheses for how uveal melanocyte diversity and microenvironmental signaling may shape ocular development and disease susceptibility.

Draper J, Reekie IR, Wickramasinghe L et al. · iScience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sex-specific trajectories of nonlinear immune aging at single-cell level.

This Nature Communications study analyzed sex-specific trajectories of nonlinear immune aging using single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 1,828 healthy individuals aged 19–97 years across multiple ethnicities. Across 3.8 million PBMCs, the authors reported age-dependent peaks in differential gene expression (notably around ~40 years in CD4 T cells and after ~60 years in CD8 T cells) with sex-dependent kinetics and declines in RNA/protein homeostasis and inflammatory polarization. These results are important for understanding why immune aging and age-associated diseases differ between women and men and for informing sex-tailored immunology research.

Park H, Le Bert N, Bertoletti A et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

CFAP100 forms phase-separated condensates required for ciliary transition zone assembly.

This study investigated the role of cilia and flagella associated protein 100 (CFAP100) in ciliary transition zone assembly using Cfap100 knockout mice and advanced imaging including super-resolution microscopy. CFAP100 formed a ring-like structure at the distal end of centrioles, and knockout animals showed ciliary defects across multiple organs (brain, trachea, kidney). These results establish CFAP100 as a structural organizer for transition zone formation, advancing mechanistic understanding of ciliogenesis and related developmental disease.

Sun S, Li K, Sun X et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TRPM3 regulates fear memory encoding and seizure susceptibility in the lateral amygdala.

This study examined the role of the TRPM3 ion channel in amygdala function by using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology and histology to test fear memory encoding and seizure susceptibility in the lateral amygdala. TRPM3 was expressed in excitatory neurons of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, and manipulating TRPM3 altered fear memory encoding and seizure susceptibility. These findings extend TRPM3 biology from peripheral thermosensation to a brain circuit-level role relevant to epilepsy-associated neuropsychiatric phenotypes.

Gyéresi A, Mundrucz L, Deák M et al. · British journal of pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Banxia Shumi Decoction Alleviates PCPA-Induced Insomnia and Regulates ADAM10 Expression via Melatonin Signaling in Rats.

This study evaluated Banxia Shumi Decoction (BXSMD) for PCPA-induced insomnia in rats and explored mechanisms involving melatonin signaling and ADAM10 regulation. In the PCPA model, BXSMD improved insomnia-like behaviors and modulated melatonin (MT) and MT1/MT2 receptor pathways, with associated changes in circadian regulators (CLOCK, PER1, CaMKII, p-CREB/CREB) and ADAM10 expression. The findings are significant because they suggest a multi-target, melatonin-pathway mechanism for BXSMD and identify ADAM10 as a downstream molecular mediator.

Guo B, Tang Y, Zhang Y et al. · CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of a modified ketogenic diet in children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

This randomized controlled trial studied whether a modified ketogenic diet (KD) improves autism spectrum disorder (ASD) outcomes in 62 young children with ASD. The modified KD was associated with better clinical outcomes compared with the control condition over the trial period (details truncated in the abstract). If confirmed in full-text reporting, dietary ketosis could represent a feasible adjunct metabolic intervention for pediatric ASD, potentially targeting comorbidities where current behavioral/pharmacologic options are limited.

Liu L, Zhao Q, Zhou J et al. · BMC pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A circuit dissection of perception-action decoupling in S-ketamine-induced hallucination-like states.

This mouse study dissected circuit mechanisms underlying perception–action decoupling in S-ketamine-induced hallucination-like states using an auditory discrimination task combined with AI-based pose analysis. Using in vivo fiber photometry, single-cell miniscope calcium imaging, and pathway-specific chemogenetic/optogenetic manipulations, the authors identified circuit elements that separate false auditory threat responses from coherent behavioral output (specific circuit targets are truncated). These findings advance mechanistic models of hallucination-like phenomena and could inform circuit-targeted treatments for psychiatric symptoms.

Wang D, Xu J, Wang Z et al. · Molecular psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Histamine H2 receptor in substantia nigra pars reticulata parvalbumin positive neurons mediates risk-taking behavior.

The study examined how histamine H2 receptor (H2R) signaling in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) regulates risk-taking behavior in vivo. H2R in SNr PV+ neurons bidirectionally controlled risk-taking, with dysfunction of superior colliculus–projecting SNr PV+ neurons and altered PV+ neuronal dynamics during risk assessment mediating the H2R-dependent effects, and pharmacologic H2R activation rescuing excessive risky behavior. These findings identify a specific histaminergic receptor–neuron circuit mechanism that could be targeted to modulate maladaptive decision-making in psychiatric disorders.

An D, Zheng L, Zhu J et al. · Molecular psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

[Mechanistic role of spinal Lamb1 in negative emotion-facilitated neuropathic pain regulated by the ACC-SDH pathway].

This study investigated the spinal role of Lamb1 in negative emotion-facilitated neuropathic pain and tested regulation via the descending anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)–spinal dorsal horn (SDH) pathway in male Sprague-Dawley rats using a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) plus chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. The key finding was that spinal Lamb1 acts as a critical mediator of neuropathic pain that is amplified by negative emotional states through the ACC–SDH pathway. These results suggest Lamb1 as a potential spinal therapeutic target to treat comorbid anxiety/depression–associated neuropathic pain by modulating ACC-to-dorsal horn signaling.

Wang J, Ding Z, Xu W et al. · Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

TRPV1 channels in skin homeostasis and disease: From sensory transduction to therapeutic targeting.

This review summarized evidence on TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) in skin homeostasis and disease, covering its roles from sensory transduction to therapeutic targeting. The key finding across the literature is that TRPV1 activation—via heat, acidic pH, capsaicin, and endogenous inflammatory mediators—drives Ca2+ influx, neuropeptide release, and neurogenic inflammation while also contributing to physiological processes such as epidermal barrier repair, wound healing, and hair follicle biology. Therapeutically, the synthesis highlights TRPV1 as a druggable node for conditions involving nociception/pruritus and inflammatory skin pathology, while emphasizing the need to balance sensory and tissue-repair functions.

Song F, Xiang Y, Nie H et al. · International immunopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Wiring the developing brain: The Rho GTPase signaling network in neurodevelopmental disorders.

This review studied the Rho GTPase signaling network in neurodevelopment by synthesizing evidence from human genetics linking dysregulated Rho GTPase pathways to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). It highlighted how Rho GTPases and their regulators (GEFs, GAPs, GDIs) control actin cytoskeleton dynamics across corticogenesis stages, including progenitor proliferation, polarity, neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and circuit maturation. The significance is that it maps mechanistic pathway nodes that could guide targeted research and potential interventions for genetically defined NDDs.

Falace A, Nosrati MSS, Dostmohammadi A et al. · Neurobiology of disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Obesity, Diabetes, and Metabolic Therapies (GLP-1/GIP/Other)

Effect of Semaglutide on Thigh Skeletal Muscle Volume, Fat Infiltration and Physical Function in People With Obesity: Secondary Analysis of STEP UP.

This prespecified secondary analysis of the phase 3b STEP UP trial evaluated whether once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide affects thigh skeletal muscle volume, fat infiltration, and physical function in adults with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²). Participants received semaglutide 7.2 mg, semaglutide 2.4 mg, or placebo for 72 weeks, and the study used MRI-based body composition measures and physical function outcomes. The findings are clinically relevant because they address whether GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy preserves or improves muscle quality and function, which is central to long-term mobility outcomes in obesity.

Hjelmesæth J, Bhat S, Garvey WT et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Association of tirzepatide versus Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists with oral and periodontal outcomes in patients with type 2 Diabetes: A Global propensity Score-Matched cohort study.

This retrospective propensity score–matched cohort study used the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network to compare oral and periodontal outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with tirzepatide versus other GLP-1 receptor agonists between May 2022 and May 2025. Over 1-year follow-up, Cox models estimated hazard ratios for mortality and oral/periodontal endpoints after 1:1 matching on baseline characteristics assessed in the prior year. If tirzepatide shows different oral/periodontal risk than other GLP-1RAs, it could inform diabetes medication selection and oral health monitoring strategies in routine care.

Tu CY, Chen HL, Wu YH et al. · Diabetes research and clinical practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

[Observation of the impact of nutritional support with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on lean mass parameters of body composition in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolically associated fatty liver disease].

This 6-month observational/interventional study evaluated whether a diabetes-specific supplement containing beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves total body lean mass measured by densitometry in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). The study reports changes in lean mass parameters after treatment and examines linear correlations between muscle-mass change and factors such as age. Clinically, it suggests HMB may be a targeted nutritional approach for sarcopenic obesity in T2D/MASLD, pending confirmation in larger controlled trials.

Fraenkel E, Koky T, Lazúrová I · Orvosi hetilap · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Efficacy and Safety of CagriSema for Metabolic Outcomes: Systematic Review and Pairwise Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis evaluated the dual-agonist anti-obesity/antidiabetic therapy CagriSema versus semaglutide, cagrilintide, and placebo in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes across 8 randomized controlled trials (n=6898). CagriSema produced significantly greater percentage body-weight reduction than semaglutide (with safety outcomes also synthesized across trials). These findings support CagriSema as a potentially more effective weight-loss option than GLP-1 monotherapy in type 2 diabetes, informing comparative efficacy and tolerability decisions in metabolic disease management.

Shao C, Lin H, Yu J et al. · Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparative Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections in Diabetic Women Treated with Dapagliflozin Versus Empagliflozin: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial compared urinary tract infection (UTI) incidence in 149 adult women with type 2 diabetes treated for 3 months with dapagliflozin 5 mg versus empagliflozin 10 mg. The study measured glycemic and renal parameters (fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, serum creatinine) and assessed UTIs using urinalysis and urine testing during follow-up. The results are intended to clarify whether specific SGLT2 inhibitors differ in UTI risk, which is important for selecting therapy in diabetic women.

Kazem-Nadi S, Keshtkari S, Labbani-Motlagh Z et al. · International journal of endocrinology and metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-world use of bempedoic acid for hypercholesterolaemia: a German multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.

This retrospective German multicenter cohort study investigated real-world effectiveness of bempedoic acid in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia. It aimed to quantify short-term LDL-C lowering in routine practice and compare outcomes across centers where prescribing patterns vary. The significance is that it provides pragmatic evidence on how well trial-proven LDL-C reductions translate into real-world lipid management in Germany.

Haberbosch L, Baessler A, de Ruiter U et al. · Lipids in health and disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

[Effects of exergame combined with elastic band resistance training on exercise self-efficacy and physical activity levels in older adults with cognitive frailty: A mixed-methods study].

The study assessed the association between dietary folic acid intake and diabetic retinopathy (DR) among adults with diabetes using NHANES 2005–2008 data. Among 3,220 participants with type 2 diabetes aged ≥40 years (after excluding missing dietary folic acid or DR data), multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate whether higher dietary folic acid intake correlated with DR prevalence. If a protective association is confirmed, dietary folate could represent a modifiable factor for DR risk reduction in people with diabetes.

Ning H, Chen Q, Chen X et al. · Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Changes in Body Composition Assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Patients Treated with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Real-World Experience.

This retrospective real-world observational study examined 388 obese adults treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists over 6 months and assessed body composition changes using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. It found that GLP-1 RA treatment was associated with measurable changes in body composition over time, with adherence and obesity phenotype contributing independently in fully adjusted models. The clinical significance is that it provides practical, real-world evidence on how GLP-1 RAs affect not just weight but body composition, which may inform more tailored obesity management.

Goñi JA, Barba MS, López GP et al. · Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neurodegeneration & ALS/FTD Mechanisms and Therapeutics

What can we learn on ALS pathophysiology from iPSC-derived motor neurons harbouring TARBDP mutations: a systematic review.

This Translational Neurodegeneration systematic review synthesized evidence on ALS pathophysiology derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived motor neurons carrying TARDBP mutations. The review focuses on how iPSC models with patient-specific TARDBP variants recapitulate TDP-43–related cellular phenotypes and what mechanistic insights they provide for ALS. This is significant for guiding future therapeutic target validation and drug development strategies using human genetic iPSC platforms.

Pasho E, Catanese A, Kabashi E et al. · Translational neurodegeneration · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

α1-Antitrypsin attenuates microglial NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation via cannabinoid receptor 2 signaling to ameliorate α-synucleinopathy-related behavioral deficits.

This mechanistic preclinical study tested whether α1-antitrypsin (AAT) modulates microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in α-synucleinopathy by engaging cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) signaling. The key finding is that AAT attenuated microglial inflammasome activation and improved α-synucleinopathy-related behavioral deficits, with Cnr2 deficiency amplifying Serpina1/AAT responses in microglial models. Scientifically, it links AAT–CB2R–inflammasome regulation to nucleus accumbens dysfunction and supports AAT/CB2R pathways as therapeutic candidates for synucleinopathies.

Feng L, Lo H, Weng W et al. · Molecular biomedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Auvelity (Dextromethorphan-Bupropion) for Agitation and Aggression in Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia: Mechanism, Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Considerations.

This narrative clinical review discussed Auvelity (dextromethorphan–bupropion) as a non-antipsychotic option for agitation and aggression in Alzheimer’s disease dementia, focusing on mechanism, efficacy, safety, and clinical considerations. The article explains that bupropion inhibits CYP2D6 to raise central dextromethorphan exposure, while dextromethorphan acts as an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist and sigma-1 receptor agonist to support synaptic plasticity. Clinically, it frames how Auvelity may reduce reliance on off-label atypical antipsychotics (with mortality warnings) for behavioral symptoms in AD.

Sarangal M, Sarangal C, Vora J et al. · Psychopharmacology bulletin · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

PINK1 deficiency exacerbates age-related bone loss in association with enhanced inflammatory adipocyte differentiation.

This study examined how PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) deficiency affects skeletal aging by using Pink1 knockout (Pink1-/-) mice and analyzing bone and adipocyte phenotypes. Pink1 deficiency worsened trabecular bone loss and promoted white adipose tissue adipocyte hypertrophy, with downstream evidence of impaired osteogenic differentiation in calvarial pre-osteoblasts. These results are significant because they implicate PINK1/mitophagy in mesenchymal lineage balance and suggest a mechanistic target for age-related osteoporosis.

Sung MJ, An HJ, Yeo H et al. · Genes & diseases · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Irisin-BDNF axis mediates muscle-brain communication: a complete molecular cascade and potential bidirectional feedback from peripheral activation to central protection.

This mechanistic study investigated how the irisin–BDNF axis mediates muscle–brain communication and neuroprotection, relevant to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), focusing on a complete molecular cascade. The authors propose that exercise-induced irisin from skeletal muscle regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to drive central protective effects, with potential bidirectional feedback between peripheral activation and brain protection (details truncated). Defining this cascade could support development of exercise-mimetic or irisin/BDNF-targeted therapies to enhance synaptic plasticity and counter AD pathology.

Duan X, Chen Z, Tong X et al. · Biogerontology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

TBK1 overexpression reduces neuronal loss in the P497S UBQLN2 mouse model of ALS/FTD.

This preclinical study tested whether increasing Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) expression reduces neuronal loss in the P497S UBQLN2 mouse model of ALS/FTD. It found that TBK1 overexpression mitigated neuronal loss, addressing the observed decline in TBK1 protein in end-stage UBQLN2 mice and implicating TBK1 insufficiency in disease progression. The findings are significant because they support TBK1 as a potential therapeutic target for UBQLN2-linked ALS/FTD.

Wang S, Dolce MA, Burkett AM et al. · Neurobiology of disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Infectious Disease Mechanisms & Antiviral Strategies

Retroviruses use different IP6 binding mechanisms to alter the properties of their capsids.

This Nature Communications study investigated how different retroviruses bind the host metabolite inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) to alter capsid properties, comparing HIV-1 with beta-retrovirus MPMV and gamma-retrovirus MLV. The authors found that while IP6 binding is conserved across retroviruses, it occurs via distinct capsid sites and mechanisms—HIV-1 binds within capsomer pores, whereas MPMV and MLV bind at the threefold lattice interface—and cryo-EM structures of core-like particles supported these differences. Understanding these IP6–capsid binding mechanisms is significant because it identifies potential, virus-specific vulnerabilities for antiviral strategies targeting capsid assembly and stability.

Klarhof JO, Mallery DL, Stacey JCV et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Regulatory roles of G-quadruplexes and G-quadruplex-binding proteins across the enhancer and promoter of the HBV genome.

This study investigated genome-wide regulatory roles of G-quadruplexes (G4) and G4-binding proteins (G4BPs) across the enhancer and promoter regions of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome. The authors report that specific G4 structures and their binding proteins modulate HBV regulatory elements, implying coordinated control of viral transcriptional regulation (quantitative specifics are truncated). Targeting HBV G4/G4BP interactions could provide a novel antiviral strategy given the link between G4 biology and viral pathogenesis.

He L, Huang B, Ma H et al. · Virology journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TRIM62 facilitates influenza A virus entry by regulating WASH-dependent endosomal trafficking.

The study investigated how the TRIM62 protein regulates influenza A virus (IAV) entry by controlling WASH-dependent endosomal trafficking in cells. TRIM62-dependent regulation of the pentameric WASH complex (including WASH1, CCDC53, SWIP, and Strumpellin) promoted IAV entry, while the FAM21 subunit antagonized WASH activity by promoting WASH–retromer (VPS35) association to restrain pro-endocytic signaling. This mechanistic link between TRIM62, WASH, and retromer provides a potential host-trajectory target to limit viral endocytosis.

Gupta K, Pal S, Tyagi A et al. · EMBO reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Small molecules dually targeting SARS-CoV-2 and host G-quadruplexes: binding mechanism explored by integrated experiments and computations.

This study investigated small molecules designed to dually target SARS-CoV-2 and host G-quadruplex (G4) structures, using integrated experimental and computational approaches to characterize binding mechanisms. The key finding was that the proposed dual-targeting strategy enables ligands to engage both viral and host G4-related features in a mechanistically coherent way, supporting rational design beyond single-target G4 binding. Scientifically, it provides a mechanistic basis for developing antiviral candidates that combine direct viral interference with host-targeted modulation of G-quadruplex biology.

Zhu LY, Zhu M, An LY et al. · Analytica chimica acta · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer Biology, Cell Fate, and Molecular Mechanisms

HSP90 shields ROC1/RBX1 from proteasomal degradation by CHIP E3 ubiquitin ligase to promote lung adenocarcinoma.

This study examined how the molecular chaperone HSP90 regulates the stability of the Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase subunits ROC1 and RBX1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells, focusing on the CHIP E3 ubiquitin ligase pathway. HSP90 binds ROC1 via its N-terminus to promote ROC1 stabilization, while HSP90 N-terminal inhibition accelerates ROC1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by CHIP. These findings identify an HSP90–ROC1–CHIP axis as a potential therapeutic vulnerability to destabilize CRL function and counter lung adenocarcinoma progression.

Li L, Zhang Y, Li M et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

BCLXL blockade rewires cell fate to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance in ovarian cancer.

This study examined how BCLXL blockade alters cell fate to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance in homologous recombination-deficient high-grade serous ovarian cancer models, focusing on PARPi-induced mechanisms of resistance. BCLXL inhibition rewired downstream cell fate programs that enabled overcoming acquired PARP inhibitor resistance after PARPi-induced DNA damage. Clinically, targeting BCLXL may provide an actionable strategy to restore PARPi sensitivity in ovarian cancers that develop resistance.

Venkatachalam A, Strathman AR, Hou X et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Stroke secondary to cancer-associated coagulopathy: a systematic review.

This systematic review synthesized evidence (2000–2025) on cancer-associated coagulopathy (CAC)–related stroke, including epidemiology, clinical and radiological features, biomarkers, and treatment strategies. The key finding is that CAC-related ischemic stroke has distinct pathophysiology (hypercoagulability mechanisms) and a range of associated biomarkers and management approaches rather than a single uniform clinical pattern. The review is significant because it consolidates guidance for recognizing and treating stroke in cancer patients where coagulopathy is a major driver.

Jauregui Larrañaga C, Gómez Arteta E, Marta Enguita J et al. · Journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Ovarian tumor domain-containing protein 1 deficiency attenuates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by promoting the ubiquitination of HSP90α in hepatocytes.

This study investigated how ovarian tumor domain-containing protein 1 (OTUD1) influences metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by examining OTUD1 expression in human MASLD and high-fat diet (HFD) mouse models and testing OTUD1 loss-of-function. OTUD1 deficiency attenuated insulin resistance and inflammation in HFD-fed mice, mechanistically promoting ubiquitination of HSP90α in hepatocytes. These findings suggest OTUD1–HSP90α signaling as a potential therapeutic target for MASLD.

Huang MQ, Wei SY, Li MZ et al. · Molecular biomedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles in Skin Tissue Regeneration.

This review synthesized mechanistic and translational evidence for plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PENs) as therapeutic platforms for skin tissue regeneration. The key finding is that PENs—lipid bilayer nanostructures enriched with natural bioactive cargos—may offer advantages over mammalian/microbial extracellular vesicles, including scalable production, low immunogenicity, and strong biocompatibility. The review is significant because it frames PENs as a promising nanomedicine approach for repairing skin barrier and tissue defects, guiding future preclinical and clinical development.

Ma X, Shi J, Li R et al. · International journal of nanomedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Evidence-Based Management and Functional Outcomes of Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review evaluated etiopathogenesis, evidence-based management strategies, and functional outcomes for femoral head avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis of the femoral head). It synthesized available clinical evidence on diagnostic and treatment approaches for a multifactorial condition that can progress to femoral head collapse and disability. The findings are intended to guide clinicians toward more evidence-based management pathways and improve functional outcomes in AVNFH.

Desai S, Shinde S, Desai R et al. · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-cell sequencing-guided discovery of narciclasine as a dual VCAM-1/ICAM-1 inhibitor for atherosclerosis management.

This study used human atherosclerosis single-cell RNA-seq datasets to identify disease-driving genes and then applied connectivity map analysis, network pharmacology, and machine learning to discover narciclasine as a therapeutic candidate. Narciclasine was predicted and validated as a dual VCAM-1/ICAM-1 inhibitor, with drug–target interactions supported by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The work is significant because it proposes a mechanism-based small-molecule strategy to reduce endothelial inflammatory adhesion signaling in atherosclerosis.

Wang Y, Cao Z, Lan H et al. · Genes & diseases · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ZO-2 blocks the localization of PGAM5 protein to the mitochondrial membrane and suppresses pancreatic cancer malignancy through metabolic reprogramming.

This study examined the role of the tight junction protein ZO-2 (TJP2) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using immunohistochemistry/bioinformatics plus gain- and loss-of-function experiments in vitro and in vivo mouse models. ZO-2 was found to block PGAM5 localization to the mitochondrial membrane and suppress PDAC malignancy through metabolic reprogramming. This is significant because it links ZO-2 to mitochondrial stress regulation via PGAM5 trafficking, suggesting a potential metabolic therapeutic axis in PDAC.

Yu S, Ke M, Ma M et al. · Genes & diseases · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Whole genome duplication through mitotic slippage causes nuclear instability.

This experimental study examined how whole-genome duplication (WGD) via mitotic slippage affects nuclear integrity, comparing different WGD routes under physiological and non-physiological conditions. It found that only mitotic slippage produced widespread nuclear abnormalities termed “nuclear instability,” linked mechanistically to softer nuclei that are more vulnerable to microtubule-driven deformation (full experimental methods truncated). These results clarify how the route to polyploidy shapes genome organization and may inform understanding of cancer evolution where mitotic slippage is common.

Gemble S, Budzyk M, Simon A et al. · The EMBO journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Beyond the blood-brain barrier: humanised mice, the missing link in glioblastoma research.

This article reviewed why conventional preclinical glioblastoma (GBM) models fail to fully recapitulate the human tumor microenvironment and highlighted humanized mouse platforms as a more representative bridge. It emphasized that standard animal models and many ex vivo systems do not capture the full multicellular, dynamic heterogeneity of the GBM microenvironment, whereas humanized mice can better incorporate human immune and stromal components. The review positions humanized mice as a key translational platform to improve GBM biology modeling and therapeutic evaluation.

Shirazi Nia R, Lu J, De Vega D et al. · Oncogene · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ADORA1 inhibition suppresses colon cancer development via hippo tumor suppressor pathway.

The study investigated whether inhibiting the adenosine receptor ADORA1 suppresses colon cancer development through the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway and explored how caffeine affects this axis. ADORA1 was identified as an upstream regulator of Hippo/YAP signaling, and caffeine competitively blocked ADORA1 activation, promoting YAP phosphorylation/deactivation and thereby inhibiting colon cancer carcinogenesis and progression. These results connect a druggable receptor (ADORA1) to Hippo/YAP pathway control, suggesting a mechanistic basis for targeting this axis in colon cancer prevention or therapy.

Li Z, Liu Z, Zhang X et al. · Cell death and differentiation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A Phase I Study of Nab-Paclitaxel, Gemcitabine and AZD1775 for Treatment of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas: ECOG-ACRIN EA2131.

This Phase I trial evaluated the safety and maximum tolerated dose of the oral Wee1 inhibitor AZD1775 combined with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic or locally advanced unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ECOG-ACRIN EA2131; NCT02194829). The key finding was that adding AZD1775 to the nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine backbone was feasible from a dose-limiting toxicity and tolerability standpoint in this population. Clinically, this supports further development of AZD1775 as a DNA damage response–disrupting strategy to enhance standard chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer.

Eads JR, Lee JW, Chee CE et al. · Clinical colorectal cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Immune Dysregulation, Autoimmunity & Neuroimmune Disorders

An endometrial immune atlas across the female menstrual cycle reveals lymphoid aggregates compromise pregnancy.

This study profiled the human endometrial immune landscape across the menstrual cycle in 53 healthy women and 34 patients with chronic endometritis using a comprehensive immune cell atlas approach. NK and T cells dominated and showed phase-dependent remodeling, with NK cells increasing and T cells decreasing from proliferative to secretory phase, and tissue-resident CD11c+ NK cells accumulating in a way that compromises pregnancy. The work provides a dynamic immune map that links menstrual-cycle immune remodeling and chronic endometritis to impaired implantation outcomes.

Yang L, Yang J, Li Y et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

LAMA5 pathogenic variant uncovers a novel autoantigen in membranous nephropathy.

This study investigated the role of LAMA5 (Laminin α5) in a pediatric patient with severe, seronegative membranous nephropathy using whole-exome sequencing and structural modeling. Two compound heterozygous LAMA5 variants (c.1355A>T p.N452I and c.9770A>G p.N3257S) were identified, with modeling suggesting p.N452I induces a conformational change in Laminin α5 that could create a novel autoantigen. These findings expand the genetic and antigenic landscape of membranous nephropathy and support LAMA5 as a candidate autoantigen for improved diagnosis and mechanistic understanding.

Xiao H, Yin H, Shi Y et al. · Genes & diseases · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in LCP1 cause a syndromic neutropenia and immunodeficiency.

This study investigated autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in LCP1 in three patients with syndromic neutropenia and immunodeficiency, using patient-derived iPSCs, CRISPR-edited models, and LCP1+/L362F mice. Mutant LCP1 hyper-bundled F-actin, promoted VDAC1 oligomerization, and triggered mitochondrial apoptosis, leading to neutrophil maturation arrest and excessive apoptosis plus impaired T/B-cell function. The findings are clinically significant because they define a mechanistic immuno-actinopathy pathway and establish LCP1 as a therapeutic target for related immune disorders.

Yu L, Zhou B, Liu W et al. · Genes & diseases · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

High-throughput chemical screen identifies epothilone B in modulating inflammatory bowel disease by triggering neutrophil apoptosis.

This study used a high-throughput chemical screen to identify compounds that modulate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by targeting neutrophil apoptosis. It reported that epothilone B triggers neutrophil apoptosis, aiming to recalibrate neutrophil responses to reduce inflammatory damage while preserving antimicrobial function. The significance lies in proposing epothilone B as a candidate host-directed therapy for IBD focused on neutrophil fate rather than broad immunosuppression.

He Z, Deng Z, Zhang H et al. · Genes & diseases · (2027) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neuropsychiatric adverse effects following switch to vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor in adults with cystic fibrosis: early experience from a regional centre.

This early regional-center experience assessed neuropsychiatric adverse effects after switching adults with cystic fibrosis from elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) to the triple-combination CFTR modulator vanzacaftor-tezacaftor-deutivacaftor (VTD) in 87 VTD-treated patients. The key finding was that among three patients with pre-existing mental health conditions started on a reduced VTD dose, two showed sweat chloride improvement without reported adverse effects, while neuropsychiatric events were otherwise consistent with known class warnings. Scientifically and clinically, the report suggests that cautious dose strategies may mitigate neuropsychiatric risk when transitioning to VTD in adults with baseline mental health comorbidity.

Sawant AP, Shaw N, Clifton IJ et al. · Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Elevated ISG15 reinforces RIG-I/MDA5-linked macrophage-microglia crosstalk during blood-brain barrier disruption in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

This study examined how interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) reinforces RIG-I/MDA5-linked innate immune signaling and macrophage–microglia crosstalk during blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Using single-cell RNA sequencing of PBMCs from NMOSD patients plus mechanistic experiments in THP-1-derived macrophages and HMC3/BV2 microglia with ISG15 knockdown/overexpression, the key finding was that ISG15 promotes myeloid activation via RLR signaling and enhances macrophage-driven microglial polarization under inflammatory stimulation. These findings identify ISG15 as a mechanistic amplifier of neuroimmune inflammation in NMOSD and a potential target to limit BBB-associated disease activity.

Niu Y, Sun J, Han Y et al. · International immunopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Platelet glycoprotein VI in platelet-neutrophil interactions: From complex formation to neutrophil extracellular trap-associated pathology.

This article reviewed the mechanisms by which platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) shapes platelet–neutrophil interactions, including platelet-neutrophil complex (PNC) formation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-associated pathology. The key finding is that GPVI does not act as a direct platelet–neutrophil adhesion receptor, but instead triggers platelet activation (via ITAM signaling) that generates an adhesive/secretion phenotype promoting PNC formation through pathways such as P-selectin/PSGL-1 and integrin-dependent bridging, thereby enhancing neutrophil recruitment and NET-related pathology. Scientifically, it positions GPVI-dependent platelet activation as a mechanistic upstream driver of inflammatory effector responses and a potential target to modulate NET-mediated disease.

Xiong WC, Cao ST, Li J et al. · International immunopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Neuroimmune fitness in endometriosis: decoding the adaptive neural circuits that sustain lesion persistence, fibrosis, and chronic pain.

This perspective/review proposed a framework for “neuroimmune fitness” in endometriosis to explain how adaptive neural circuits sustain lesion persistence, fibrosis, and chronic pain. The key finding is the conceptualization of reciprocal interactions among sensory neurons, immune cells, stromal populations, vasculature, and extracellular matrix as a testable “Neuroimmune Fitness Landscape” that accounts for heterogeneity in pain and lesion behavior. Clinically, this framework could guide future mechanistic studies and help identify circuit-level targets to prevent chronic pain and lesion recurrence in endometriosis.

Zahiri Z, Ghayur S, Alborzi S et al. · International immunopharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Difficult-to- manage and treatment refractory axial Spondyloarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and determinants.

This systematic review and meta-analysis studied the prevalence and determinants of difficult-to-manage (D2M) and treatment-refractory (TR) axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in ASAS-aligned patient populations requiring failure of ≥2 biologic/targeted synthetic DMARDs with different mechanisms. Across 11 studies (5648 patients), it pooled prevalence estimates and odds ratios/standardized mean differences for determinants using random-effects meta-analysis. The findings are clinically significant for identifying how common D2M/TR axSpA is and what factors are associated with these harder-to-treat phenotypes, informing treatment strategies and trial design.

Rana S, Aizhamal EK, Gulburak TK et al. · Autoimmunity reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

ABACHAI - Safety and efficacy of abatacept (s.c.) in patients with CTLA4 insufficiency or LRBA deficiency, a phase II clinical trial.

This phase IIa, prospective, open-label, single-arm trial studied the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous abatacept in adults with genetically confirmed CTLA-4 insufficiency or LRBA deficiency. It evaluated abatacept’s clinical outcomes across patients with immune dysregulation manifestations driven by CTLA4 or LRBA defects, addressing the lack of prospective trial data for this off-label use. The significance is that it provides controlled prospective evidence to guide treatment decisions for CTLA-4/LRBA–associated immune dysregulation.

Krausz M, Sogkas G, Uhlmann A et al. · The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer Radiotherapy & Radiation Planning

Induction and concurrent aumolertinib with radiotherapy for EGFR-mutated stage III NSCLC: results of phase III ADVANCE trial and real-world validation.

This study evaluated a chemotherapy-free regimen combining the EGFR-mutant NSCLC drug aumolertinib with definitive radiotherapy in unresectable EGFR-mutated stage III non-small cell lung cancer in the phase III ADVANCE trial and a real-world validation cohort. The trial compared aumolertinib 110 mg daily plus RT versus cisplatin/pemetrexed plus RT with progression-free survival as the primary endpoint, and the real-world cohort was used to validate outcomes. If effective, concurrent aumolertinib–RT could become a less toxic alternative to standard chemotherapy-based chemoradiation for EGFR-mutated stage III disease.

Bi N, Wang J, Jiang W et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Prophylactic cranial irradiation versus active MRI surveillance for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer achieving response after chemoradiotherapy: a protocol for a randomized, controlled, multicenter, phase III trial.

This protocol paper studied whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) can be replaced by active MRI surveillance in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) patients who achieve response after chemoradiotherapy. It describes a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase III trial designed to test non-inferiority of MRI surveillance versus PCI for overall survival while accounting for neurocognitive toxicity concerns in the modern MRI era. The clinical significance is that it will directly inform contemporary standards of care for brain relapse prevention with a focus on balancing survival and quality of life.

Wei Z, Chen Y, Yu J et al. · Respiratory research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy and safety of omitting the clinical target volume in limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a large-scale multicenter real-world study.

This large-scale multicenter real-world study evaluated whether omitting the clinical target volume (CTV) in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) preserves efficacy while reducing toxicity, comparing 403 patients in an Omit-CTV group versus 543 in a conventional CTV delineation group. The key finding was that omitting the CTV could maintain treatment effectiveness while lowering toxicity compared with standard CTV coverage, with exploratory subgroup analysis in the context of contemporary immunotherapy. This is clinically significant because it supports a potential radiotherapy planning strategy to reduce harm without sacrificing disease control in LS-SCLC.

Wang X, Yu X, Liu X et al. · Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer Diagnostics & Prognostic Imaging/Radiomics/AI

Development and Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Predicting Early Pulmonary Metastasis Risk in Osteosarcoma.

This study developed and validated an interpretable machine learning model to predict early pulmonary metastasis risk in 522 patients with high-grade conventional osteosarcoma using multi-dimensional electronic medical record data. After feature selection, it identified 12 independent predictive factors (including prothrombin time and international normalized ratio) and produced a model intended for early risk stratification. The approach could improve surveillance and treatment planning by identifying osteosarcoma patients at higher risk for early lung metastasis using transparent, clinically grounded predictors.

Mu J, Wang Y, Liu H et al. · Cancer medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

In vivo coronary stent evaluation using photon-counting computed tomography: diagnostic performance.

The study compared photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) coronary angiography with energy-integrating detector (EID) CT for detecting in-stent restenosis (ISR) ≥50% and assessing image quality in 141 consecutive patients with coronary stents. PCCT demonstrated diagnostic performance for ISR detection against invasive coronary angiography and produced graded in-stent lumen image quality, supporting its clinical utility for evaluating stent patency. If confirmed in broader cohorts, PCCT could improve noninvasive ISR assessment by enhancing coronary stent visualization.

Lacaita PG, Bilgeri V, Spitaler P et al. · European radiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Enhanced recurrence risk stratification for stages Ⅱ-Ⅲ breast cancer using MRI-based structure habitat imaging.

The study developed MRI-based structure habitat (SH) imaging using unsupervised clustering to define tumor habitat subregions and structure habitat phenotypes (SH-phenotypes) for recurrence risk stratification in stages II–III breast cancer. In 842 women (multicenter discovery n=415; external test n=427), the SH-phenotypes derived from pre-treatment MRI were used to stratify recurrence-free survival risk, yielding enhanced recurrence risk stratification beyond conventional approaches. This supports a radiomics-style, phenotype-driven MRI framework that may improve prognostic precision for intermediate-stage breast cancer.

Wang G, Shi D, Guo Q et al. · European radiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Classification of histology and molecular subtypes of brain gliomas and glioneuronal and neuronal tumors using a deep learning approach.

The study created a deep learning model to classify integrated histology and molecular subtypes of gliomas and glioneuronal/neuronal tumors (GNTs) using preoperative multi-parametric MRI in 1,844 patients. Using a three-level MRI-G/GNTs classification system built on MobileNetV2 and trained on T1WI, post-contrast T1WI, T2/FLAIR, and DWI, the model categorized tumors into six clinically relevant groups including IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype glioblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, and GNTs. This provides an imaging-based tool to noninvasively infer molecular/histologic tumor identity, potentially aiding treatment planning and triage.

Wu M, Sun Y, Bao D et al. · European radiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Integrated Urine and Plasma DNA Analysis for Molecular Staging of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

This study evaluated whether integrated urine tumor DNA (utDNA) and plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) improve molecular staging and prognostic risk stratification in 41 patients undergoing surgery for localized upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The key finding was that combined utDNA/ctDNA testing provided prognostic performance that could better identify patients who would benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with current clinical risk stratification. This supports a more accurate, DNA-based approach to selecting UTUC patients for neoadjuvant therapy to reduce overtreatment and avoid missed opportunities.

Pallauf M, Bronimann S, Rapiey S et al. · European urology oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer Immunotherapy (CAR-T/NK/Checkpoint Resistance)

Cord Blood-Derived Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor Natural Killer Cells Persist in Vivo.

This study generated and tested fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeting CAR NK cells derived from cord blood, assessing their persistence in vivo. FAP-CAR NK cells were produced from CD3-depleted cord blood mononuclear cells expanded with K562 feeder cells expressing 4-1BB ligand plus membrane-bound IL-15 and IL-21, and the therapy persisted in vivo. The results support FAP-CAR NK cell persistence as a promising feature for targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts in solid tumors.

Hiroshima T, Kimura T, Maekawa M et al. · Cancer science · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pulmonary Function in Adults with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Using Biologicals:A Case-Control Study.

This study created a myeloid-specific, endogenously expressed TRP1-CAR knock-in mouse model for melanoma immunotherapy by conditionally inserting TRP1-CAR into the Rosa26 locus and crossing with Lyz2-Cre mice. The key finding is that this endogenous myeloid TRP1-CAR system enables evaluation of CAR signaling, antitumor activity, and safety in vivo without ex vivo CAR-M engineering. Scientifically, it provides a platform for longer-term efficacy and toxicity studies of macrophage-targeted CAR strategies in solid tumors.

Beserra ADS, Borges JR, Ferreira IDN et al. · Current health sciences journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immune-pressure redistribution in resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic design.

This article reviewed and proposed a framework for how immune-pressure is redistributed during resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, focusing on mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic design. It argues that resistance emerges through three coupled routes—tumor-intrinsic escape (including antigen-presentation loss, interferon-response defects, oncogenic rewiring, and lineage plasticity) and other coordinated weakening/avoidance processes—rather than isolated compartmental changes (details truncated). The immune-pressure redistribution model is intended to guide biomarker selection and rational combination therapies to prevent or overcome checkpoint resistance.

Wang X, Liu J, Hairulajiang A et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

TSPAN32 enhances CAR-T cell potency by assembling IL-2 receptor complex and amplifying its intracellular signal transduction.

The study tested whether TSPAN32 enhances CD19 CAR-T cell potency by assembling the IL-2 receptor complex and amplifying intracellular signaling, using T cells from patients with B-cell lymphoma. TSPAN32 expression was reduced in patient T cells, and engineering T cells to co-express TSPAN32 with CD19-CAR increased antitumor activity and cytokine secretion in vitro and in vivo, mechanistically linked to IL-2 receptor complex assembly and stronger downstream signal transduction. This identifies TSPAN32 as a potential CAR-T engineering target to improve therapeutic efficacy in B-cell malignancies.

Sun Y, Qiu Q, Wang B et al. · British journal of cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Characterization of histologic spectrum and T-cell clonality in immune effector cell-associated enteritis.

This retrospective pathology study characterized the histologic spectrum and T-cell clonality in immune effector cell-associated enteritis in 11 CAR-T-treated patients (42 GI biopsy specimens) receiving CAR-T targeting B-cell maturation antigen or CD19. It found that gastrointestinal injury after CAR-T therapy shows a definable clinicopathologic spectrum and that clonal T-cell proliferation is associated with the enteritis phenotype. The results are significant because they improve diagnostic understanding of CAR-T–related GI toxicity and may help link pathology to underlying immune mechanisms.

Patel C, Cheng J, Zhou J et al. · Human pathology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Rehabilitation, Physical Function & Frailty Interventions

Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community.

This Cochrane systematic review assessed the effects of multifactorial and multiple component fall prevention interventions versus usual care/attention control, exercise, or falls education in community-dwelling older people. The review updates prior evidence and evaluates whether tailoring components to individual risk factors (multifactorial) or using the same components for everyone (multiple component) reduces falls. The synthesis informs clinical and public health decisions about which intervention types have the strongest evidence for fall prevention in older adults.

Swarnalatha C, Wood L, Newell P et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Physical Activity, Exercise, and Rehabilitation in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

This systematic review and narrative synthesis examined physical activity, sedentary behavior, barriers/facilitators, structured exercise, respiratory muscle training, and rehabilitation interventions in people with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. The review synthesized evidence on how exercise and rehabilitation are studied and implemented despite fluctuating, fatigable weakness and uncertainty about safe activity. Clinically, it highlights practical considerations for designing and delivering exercise and respiratory training programs in myasthenia gravis to improve functional outcomes while accounting for disease variability.

Karbownik A, Lis M, Hejnosz A et al. · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Multicomponent Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Patients Aged 80 Years or Older: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This single-center, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial studied patients aged ≥80 years receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation and compared multicomponent pulmonary rehabilitation versus standard rehabilitation. It found that the multicomponent program improved successful ventilator weaning compared with standard rehabilitation. The clinical significance is that it offers an evidence-based rehabilitation strategy to increase liberation from mechanical ventilation and potentially reduce complications in very elderly, high-risk patients.

Liu T, Kou T, Wei G et al. · Chest · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Respiratory Disease Management & Imaging (Bronchiectasis/NTM/COPD/Asthma)

A Myeloid-Specific Endogenous TRP1-CAR Knock-in Mouse Model for Melanoma-Targeted Immunotherapy.

This case-control study compared pulmonary function in adults with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) who were using biologics (n=15) versus those on conventional therapy (n=17) using comprehensive measurements of pulmonary mechanics, static lung volumes, and small airways. The key finding is the presence of measurable differences in pulmonary function between biologic-treated and conventionally treated groups. If confirmed in larger cohorts, the results support more nuanced pulmonary-function assessment to evaluate biologic effectiveness beyond symptom control.

Hao Y, Chen X, Wang M et al. · ImmunoTargets and therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Delivering Bronchiectasis and NTM Care in Safety-Net Health Systems: A Practical Framework for Implementation.

This article studied implementation strategies for delivering bronchiectasis and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) care in US safety-net health systems, focusing on how structural constraints affect access to subspecialty evaluation, diagnostics, and costly therapies. It found that a practical framework can align evidence-based recommendations with real-world resource limitations to improve care delivery pathways for underrepresented patients. The clinical significance is that it supports more equitable, guideline-concordant bronchiectasis/NTM management in under-resourced settings where standard trial-informed pathways may not be feasible.

MacRae S, Swenson C, Flowers RC et al. · Chest · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in the United States: Prevalence Trends in a Large Electronic Health Record Population, 2015-2025.

This retrospective repeated cross-sectional analysis studied prevalence trends of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults (≥18 years) in a large US primary care population using the Epic Cosmos electronic health record database from 2015–2025. It found measurable changes in bronchiectasis prevalence over time and differences by demographic characteristics and by whether patients had subspecialist evaluation. The clinical significance is that it provides updated, population-level burden estimates to guide screening, resource planning, and evaluation of care access patterns.

Jung F, MacRae S · Chest · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Mixed Mucus Plug-Emphysema Subtype and Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

This prospective cohort study investigated COPD patients using quantitative chest CT metrics—mucus plug score (cutoff 4) and emphysema severity (%LAA-950 cutoff 5%)—to predict acute exacerbations. It found that a mixed mucus plug–emphysema subtype defined by these quantitative CT thresholds had prognostic value for acute exacerbation risk. The significance is that CT-derived phenotyping may improve risk stratification beyond conventional clinical assessment in COPD.

Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang M et al. · Chest · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Transplantation & Complement/Immune Rejection Outcomes

Multi-Omics Integration Reveals Macrophage Lysosomal Remodeling as a Signature of Reparative Immunity in Human Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

This study investigated macrophage lysosomal remodeling as a signature of reparative immunity in human lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by integrating proteomics from paired human lung allograft biopsies (n=8) with a public single-cell RNA-seq atlas and validating function in THP-1-derived macrophages. It found that reperfusion shifted innate immune and extracellular matrix programs while decreasing lysosome- and phagosome-associated proteins, with the downregulated signature mapping predominantly to macrophages/monocytes. The work is significant because it identifies a mechanistic myeloid program that could be targeted to modulate primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.

Li M, Li Y, Wang H et al. · American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Evaluation of eculizumab for the prevention of delayed graft function after kidney transplantation in adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied whether eculizumab prevents delayed graft function (DGF) in adults undergoing kidney transplantation, enrolling 142 patients to eculizumab and 146 to placebo. The trial found that eculizumab did not significantly reduce DGF compared with placebo. The result is clinically significant because it informs evidence-based decisions about complement inhibition strategies aimed at reducing early post-transplant kidney dysfunction.

Marks WH, Patel A, Viklicky O et al. · American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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CRISPR and Genome/Epigenome Editing in Cancer

CRISPR and Gene Editing Approaches in Prostate Cancer: Clinical Applications and Therapeutic Potential.

This review studied CRISPR-Cas genome editing approaches (including Cas9 nucleases, base editing, prime editing, and CRISPRi/CRISPRa) for investigating and modifying genetic/epigenetic drivers of prostate cancer in preclinical prostate cancer models. It found that CRISPR-based tools can precisely interrogate prostate cancer heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms and enable therapeutic targeting strategies across multiple editing modalities. These advances are significant because they provide a roadmap for translating CRISPR editing into prostate cancer precision therapies despite ongoing challenges in delivery, specificity, and clinical validation.

Patel V, Singh P, Dutta SP et al. · Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Generated automatically on September 22, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.