PubMed Trending Research Digest — October 19, 2026

Automated digest · 97 articles · 15 research areas · October 19, 2026

Overview

Across this week’s set of studies, a dominant theme is mechanism-driven immunology—especially how immune cell states are shaped by metabolism, tissue context, and signaling pathways. Multiple papers connect inflammatory activation to lipid or metabolic programs (e.g., ACSL4-driven pro-inflammatory adipose macrophage activation; BCAA metabolism linked to CD8+ T-cell PD-1 states in HCC), while others reframe immune heterogeneity in cancer (TAM/microglia continua in glioblastoma and NSCLC) and explore ways to therapeutically reprogram the tumor microenvironment (CD70-directed CAR-T reshaping GB immune landscapes; IL-12-producing proliferative myeloid cells as standardized antigen-presenting platforms). Together, these works emphasize that “immune response” is not a single switch but a network of cell-state transitions governed by microenvironmental cues.

A second major thread is translational biomarker and delivery innovation—spanning from multi-omics diagnostics to next-generation therapeutic platforms. Several studies advance interpretable or clinically actionable biomarkers: cfDNA assays integrating methylation and fragmentomics, glioma functional connectivity indices for prognosis, and imaging/proteomic approaches to refine risk and treatment monitoring (e.g., anti-amyloid therapy ARIA risk stratification; NT-proBNP threshold performance in ED dyspnea). In parallel, delivery and engineering approaches—nonviral LNP-mediated mRNA engineering for CAR-T, broader mRNA-LNP clinical feasibility frameworks, and careful characterization of gene-therapy infusion reactions—highlight the field’s push toward safer, scalable, and more predictable therapeutic manufacturing.

Finally, the digest shows strong momentum in organ-specific disease modification and microbiome-linked risk. Liver disease studies (HPC/ductular reaction dynamics; CBX2–Ca2+-CaMKK2–AMPK axis; FGFR1/KLB pathway targeting in MASH) point toward actionable developmental and metabolic levers for progression control. Neurologic papers range from organoid-based tauopathy modulation via TGF-β inhibition to NeuroHIV multi-omics signatures and APOE4-driven neuroimmune loops. Meanwhile, microbiome–metabolite–immune pathways recur across conditions (diet indices and α-synuclein conversion in iRBD; Akkermansia vesicles in ARDS; gut ROS–kynurenic acid–AhR signaling in arthritis), reinforcing the idea that modifiable microbial ecology can influence both inflammation and long-term disease trajectories.

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Cancer immunotherapy & CAR-T engineering

Glioblastoma immune landscape remodeling following treatment with CD70-targeted CAR-T cells.

This study examined how CD70-targeted CAR-T cells remodel the glioblastoma (GB) tumor immune microenvironment in murine orthotopic GB models, building on prior mCD70-directed mCAR27 findings. Bulk RNA sequencing and related analyses showed that intercepting CD70 on GB cells reshapes the brain tumor immune landscape after treatment. These results support CD70-directed CAR-T therapy as a strategy not only to kill CD70+ GB cells but also to reprogram the immunosuppressive TME in ways that may improve therapeutic efficacy.

Kourtesakis A, Agardy DA, Tejido Dierssen C et al. · Oncoimmunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Multimodal substrate recruitment enables CTLHMKLN1 E3 ligase to target acetylated N-, C-, and internal degrons.

This structural and biochemical study reconstituted CTLHMKLN1-dependent ubiquitination and determined cryo-EM structures of MKLN1 bound to multiple substrates, including MKLN1 itself, ZMYND19, and an UNG2 substrate recruited via FAM72A. The key finding was that CTLHMKLN1 uses multivalent interactions through MKLN1 discoidin and Kelch β-propeller domains to engage distinct degrons, and that MKLN1 can recruit itself via discoidin–Kelch interactions between MKLN1 dimers to compete with other substrates. These mechanistic insights into degron targeting by the CTLH E3 ligase complex advance the scientific basis for designing interventions that modulate ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.

Sepic S, Gottemukkala KV, Du J et al. · Nature communications · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficient Generation of Definitive-like Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells through Optimized Lateral Plate Mesoderm Induction and a Supportive Endothelial-Stromal Microenvironment.

This study developed an optimized chemically defined, feeder-free 2D multicellular protocol to generate definitive-like hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) induction and a supportive endothelial–stromal microenvironment. The key finding was that controlled LPM-directed 2D co-culture enabled efficient production of definitive-like HSPCs while reducing structural heterogeneity and batch-to-batch variability compared with 3D/aggregate self-organizing systems. This advances scalable, standardized hPSC-to-HSPC manufacturing approaches that could improve reproducibility for research and potential translational cell therapy.

Chen YY, Li QL, Hao S et al. · Acta biomaterialia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Lipid-based mRNA chimeric antigen receptor T cells for enhanced in vitro antitumor activity.

The study developed nonviral lipid nanoparticle (LNP)–mediated mRNA engineering to generate chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, testing the approach in preclinical cell models including DC2 cells. Screening of eight ionizable lipids identified lipid 6 as the lead formulation, enabling efficient mRNA delivery (e.g., eGFP mRNA) and supporting enhanced in vitro antitumor activity of mRNA CAR T cells. This provides a potentially safer, scalable alternative to viral vectors and electroporation for CAR-T manufacturing, which could accelerate translation of CAR therapies.

Gao H, Fang Y, Tian Z et al. · iScience · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Immune-effector and infection-associated reporting patterns of CD20×CD3 bispecific antibodies in B-cell lymphoma: a label-anchored FAERS analysis with descriptive JADER contextualization.

The authors analyzed postmarketing safety signals for CD20×CD3 bispecific antibodies (epcoritamab, glofitamab, and mosunetuzumab) in B-cell lymphoma using a label-anchored FAERS pharmacovigilance approach with JADER contextualization. Across 2,879 exposed FAERS reports (2022 Q4–2026 Q1), they evaluated drug-specific co-reporting and adjusted reporting odds ratios (aRORs) for immune-effector toxicities and infections using prespecified MedDRA endpoints against a disease-restricted comparator. The findings help characterize real-world adverse-event patterns for these agents, supporting risk monitoring and clinical management in B-cell lymphoma.

Zhong H, Liu Y, Lin Y et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

In vivo CAR-T for the treatment of autoimmune diseases: Current progress and future directions.

This review summarizes progress and future directions for in vivo CAR-T approaches for autoimmune diseases, focusing on technologies that generate CAR-T cells directly in the body using viral vectors or mRNA lipid nanoparticles. It highlights that early ex vivo CAR-T studies can deplete pathogenic B-cell populations and induce sustained remission, while in vivo strategies aim to reduce toxicity, cost, and manufacturing time. The article frames in vivo CAR-T as a promising next step for targeting autoreactive immune cells in autoimmune disorders.

Zhao Y, Liu Y, Peng X et al. · Genes & diseases · (2027) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

IL-12-producing iPSC-derived antigen-presenting cells enhance antitumor immunity and enable off-the-shelf immunotherapy.

This preclinical gene- and cell-therapy study developed IL-12-producing proliferative myeloid cells (IL12-pMCs) from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells as an off-the-shelf antigen-presenting cell platform. The key finding was that IL12-pMCs stably secrete IL-12, express costimulatory molecules, enhance antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell priming/expansion, activate NK cells, and induce tumor IFN-related gene signatures after tumor antigen loading and in vivo administration. This is significant because it offers a standardized APC approach to improve the consistency of cancer immunotherapy responses.

Yamamoto M, Zhang R, Kobayashi T et al. · Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Beyond Excitotoxicity: Glutamate-Independent Mechanisms Underlie Noise-Induced Synaptopathy and Compromise Gene Therapy for Hereditary Deafness.

This mouse mechanistic study tested glutamate-independent mechanisms in noise-induced synaptopathy and their implications for gene therapy in hereditary deafness by using Vglut3 knockout (Vglut3-KO) mice lacking glutamatergic transmission from inner hair cells. The key finding was that after 116 dB SPL noise exposure, Vglut3-KO mice still showed significant ribbon synapse loss and outer hair cell loss despite inability to release glutamate, indicating synaptopathy can occur without glutamate excitotoxicity. This is significant because it reframes NIHL pathogenesis beyond glutamate and suggests that gene therapy strategies must account for glutamate-independent synaptic injury pathways.

Yu C, Xu H, Tong L et al. · Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The allogeneic eDN70(-) CAR-T Cells Without TCR or MHC Editing Exhibit Enhanced Persistence and Function.

This preclinical study developed an allogeneic CAR-T strategy (UCAR-T) that avoids TCR/MHC editing while enhancing persistence and function, using a next-generation approach that eliminates CD4/CD8 and targets donor-cell alloreactivity and host-mediated rejection. The key finding was that UCAR-T without TCR/MHC disruption showed improved persistence and function, and the study identified CD70 as a marker selectively upregulated on alloreactive immune cells to enable targeted control. This is significant because it supports a safer off-the-shelf CAR-T design that may reduce GVH/HVG risks while preserving therapeutic efficacy.

Li W, Xu Y, Yang Z et al. · Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

CAR-T-centered sequential therapy: current status, challenges, and future clinical perspectives.

This review article summarized the current status, challenges, and future clinical perspectives of CAR-T–centered sequential therapy for relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies after initial CAR-T failure. It highlighted key mechanisms driving post–CAR-T relapse—such as antigen escape, inadequate CAR-T expansion/persistence, T-cell exhaustion, and tumor microenvironment remodeling—and discussed how sequential strategies may address these issues. The significance lies in guiding future trial design and therapeutic targeting to improve outcomes after CAR-T resistance or relapse.

Zhou L, Tian C, Du R et al. · Journal of hematology & oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

CRISPR screens identify ACSL4 as a key regulator in macrophage activation and metabolic inflammation.

This study used genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening combined with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from human adipose tissue to identify regulators of pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) activation, and validated findings in myeloid-specific Acsl4 knockout mice (Acsl4fl/fl Lyz2Cre) and macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7, THP-1, and iB). Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) was identified as a critical driver of pro-inflammatory ATM activation and metabolic inflammation. These results position ACSL4 as a mechanistic therapeutic target for obesity-associated inflammatory disease by linking macrophage activation to lipid metabolism.

Lin Y, Jing D, Liu Y et al. · British journal of pharmacology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Tumor microenvironment, niches & metastasis

Tumor-like alterations in brain tissue adjacent to glioblastoma: an integrated analysis based on continuous en bloc resection strategy.

This integrated analysis evaluated continuous en bloc resection (CEBR) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients in non-eloquent brain areas, comparing overall and progression-free survival and characterizing molecular changes in tumor-adjacent normal tissue (NAT). CEBR significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival, and tumor-like transcriptomic abnormalities and microenvironmental alterations were detected in NAT. These findings suggest that CEBR may improve outcomes by capturing early tumor-like changes in adjacent tissue, with implications for surgical strategy and biomarker discovery.

Xie Y, Hu W, Wang C et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Lactobacillus derived small RNAs protect against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

This study investigated whether Lactobacillus-derived small RNAs can protect mice against infection with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), focusing on gut microbiota remodeling as a mechanism. The key finding was that protection against CRKP pulmonary infection depended on the microbiota, with Lactobacillus emerging as a key genus associated with reduced pulmonary bacterial burden, and the small RNAs contributing to this protective effect. Scientifically, it suggests a microbiota-mediated, RNA-based therapeutic strategy to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

Xu T, Tao X, Fang D et al. · iMeta · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Beyond M1 M2: single-cell insights into how glioblastoma reshapes tumour-associated macrophages.

This review summarized single-cell and spatial transcriptomic evidence on how glioblastoma reshapes tumor-associated macrophages/microglia beyond the classic M1/M2 paradigm. The key finding is that glioblastoma drives a continuum of niche-dependent myeloid states through coordinated transcriptional, metabolic, and spatial reprogramming rather than discrete polarization categories. This is significant because it reframes TAM biology in GBM and highlights mechanistic targets for future immunomodulatory therapies.

Serangeli I, Ghione L, Toma F et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

From cold to hot: the immunomodulatory framework of Saikosaponin D in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.

This 2026 review examined the immunomodulatory potential of Saikosaponin D (SSd) from Bupleurum falcatum L. as a strategy to convert “cold” hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor microenvironments into “hot” immunologically responsive states. The authors propose a framework for how SSd may remodel the HCC tumor microenvironment to overcome primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. If validated experimentally and clinically, SSd could represent a mechanism-based adjunct to immunotherapy for HCC patients with resistant, immunosuppressed tumors.

Huang X, Liu L, Qin M et al. · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Niches in cancer: from primary tumors to metastatic disease.

This narrative review studied how cancer progression is shaped by specialized microenvironments (“niches”) spanning primary tumors and metastatic sites, including vascular, stromal, immune, and neural interactions. It found that these niches create hypoxic, metabolic, and mechanical conditions that sustain stem-like states, modulate immune surveillance and vascular remodeling, and influence dissemination and treatment response, with tumor-derived extracellular vesicles coordinating systemic pre-metastatic conditioning. The clinical significance is that understanding niche biology may reveal actionable targets to prevent metastasis and improve therapeutic response.

Chao Z, Wang X, Wang Z et al. · Journal of hematology & oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Biomarkers & multi-omics for cancer diagnosis/prognosis

Intratumoral and Peritumoral Functional Connectivity Reveals Network-Level Signatures of Glioma.

This study used resting-state functional MRI from 306 patients with pathologically confirmed glioma to quantify network-level alterations in intra- and peritumoral functional connectivity. It introduced two indices—RIFR (ratio of intratumoral functional regions) and RPTR (ratio of peritumoral tumor-related regions)—and found that these measures related to pathology, structural/functional metrics, cognitive and language measures, and survival, with lower RIFR indicating worse prognosis. These network signatures could support prognostication and individualized assessment of glioma biology using noninvasive imaging biomarkers.

Bao H, Bai Y, Hu J et al. · MedComm · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Liver-specific amino acid metabolism impacts on efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

This study analyzed paired tumor and background liver tissues from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) to determine how liver-specific amino acid metabolism relates to immune response, focusing on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-1. High PD-1 expression in CD8+ TILs correlated with better therapeutic response, and RNA sequencing showed enrichment of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-related metabolic pathways in this high-PD-1 group. These findings suggest that BCAA metabolism in the tumor microenvironment may serve as a biomarker or mechanistic lever to improve immunotherapy efficacy in HCC.

Fukumoto Y, Mukohara F, Iwatsuru M et al. · Oncogene · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-Cell Multiomics Integration Reveals Cell Trajectories and Regulatory Networks in Breast Cancer Progression.

This article describes a single-cell multiomics integration approach to map cell trajectories and regulatory networks during breast cancer progression, particularly transitions from luminal to mesenchymal states. The key finding is that integrating single-cell transcriptional trajectories with chromatin regulatory landscapes and intercellular communication networks can reveal regulatory programs driving progression, with the study also considering gut microbiome dysbiosis as a systemic modulator. The significance is that it provides a high-resolution framework for identifying progression drivers and potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer heterogeneity.

Jin X, Ma C, Xin H et al. · International journal of genomics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Research trends and hotspots in colorectal cancer screening: Bibliometric and visualization analysis (2015-2024).

This bibliometric study analyzed global colorectal cancer (CRC) screening research output from 2015–2024 using Web of Science Core Collection records and visualization tools (VOSviewer v1.6.20, RStudio v4.4.1). It found rapidly increasing publication activity and identified major research hotspots and emerging interdisciplinary themes, providing a map of evolving CRC screening priorities over the decade. These findings can help researchers and funders target high-impact areas to optimize CRC screening strategies worldwide.

Zhou J, Zhou H, Xu J et al. · Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Decoding coupled epigenetic-fragmentomic signals in circulating cell-free DNA for interpretable cancer diagnosis.

This study investigated how to integrate coupled epigenetic and fragmentomic signals in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for interpretable cancer diagnosis, focusing on whether methylation library preparation preserves fragmentomic features. Using comparisons of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and enzymatic methyl sequencing (EM-seq) against conventional whole-genome sequencing (WGS), the authors assessed preservation of fragmentomic signals and characterized the biological coupling between methylation and fragmentation. The scientific significance is that it supports more reliable multi-modal cfDNA assays that can improve cancer detection while maintaining interpretability of methylation–fragmentation relationships.

Wang Y, Hou Y, Liu X et al. · Genome medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Targeted cancer therapeutics & drug resistance

Acinar-Derived Organoids Reveal Stage-Specific Control of Acinar Plasticity.

This study used single-acinar-derived pancreatic organoids to determine whether acinar-lineage cells retain redifferentiation capacity after metaplastic expansion and what signals control each transition. The key finding was that expanded acinar-lineage organoids can reacquire acinar features under stage-specific culture conditions, with epidermal growth factor (EGF)/EGFR signaling initiating conversion from a maintained state. This is scientifically significant because it defines controllable, stage-dependent mechanisms of acinar plasticity relevant to injury repair and oncogenic acinar-to-ductal reprogramming.

Hou Y, Li S, Li C et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Pitavastatin counteracts venetoclax resistance mechanisms including TP53 mutation in acute myeloid leukemia.

This work examined mechanisms of resistance to the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), focusing on TP53 mutation and other resistance pathways, and tested whether the statin pitavastatin could counteract them. Pitavastatin was reported to counter venetoclax resistance mechanisms, including those associated with TP53 mutation, alongside effects on additional resistance drivers such as FLT3 alterations, MCL-1 upregulation, and mitochondrial metabolic changes. The findings support repurposing pitavastatin as a potential combination strategy to overcome venetoclax resistance in TP53-mutant and other high-risk AML subsets.

Buono R, Juarez D, Paul M et al. · Blood neoplasia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gedatolisib after CDK4/6 inhibition in HR-Positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: pharmacology, phase iii evidence, and therapeutic positioning.

This review evaluated gedatolisib, an FDA-approved pan-class I PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor, as subsequent therapy after CDK4/6 inhibition in HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, including phase III evidence. It reports that in the VIKTORIA-1 phase III trial, median progression-free survival was 9.3 months with gedatolisib versus 2.0 months with control, and it discusses safety, biomarkers, and positioning for patients without detected PIK3CA mutations. The synthesis supports gedatolisib as a potential targeted option for a clinically important subgroup where progression after CDK4/6 inhibitors remains a challenge.

Ullah A, Saeed Akhtar M · Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A natural compound derivative targeting HADHA disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and suppresses renal cell carcinoma.

This study investigated the natural compound derivative C18-epi-brasilibactin A (CBA) as a selective inhibitor of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and explored its mechanism. The key finding was that CBA suppresses RCC proliferation by inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA damage while disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis through increased mitochondrial mass and reactive oxygen species. This is important because targeting mitochondrial dysregulation may overcome resistance in RCC and provides a mechanistic rationale for further therapeutic development.

Jo A, Dhandapani S, Wang Z et al. · Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

AXL-directed antibody-drug conjugate therapy in soft-tissue sarcoma.

This preclinical study evaluated whether AXL is a therapeutically relevant target in soft-tissue sarcoma and tested the AXL-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) ADCT-601/mipasetamab uzoptirine using a sarcoma tissue microarray, patient-derived cell lines, and patient-derived xenografts. AXL expression was heterogeneous with highest histotype-level expression in myxofibrosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and in the tissue-microarray cohort AXL H-score was not associated with metastasis-free or overall survival after adjustment; ADCT-601 showed activity in the tested models (details truncated in the abstract). The significance is that it clarifies the biomarker–outcome relationship for AXL in sarcoma and supports further development of AXL-directed ADC therapy.

El-Ghazzi N, Sourisseau T, Chaire V et al. · Journal of hematology & oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Radiotherapy & supportive oncology

Restricted mean survival time-based network meta-analysis of first-line therapies for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

This study performed a restricted mean survival time (RMST/dRMST)-based network meta-analysis of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC), comparing outcomes across phase III trials that also included sunitinib comparators. Using reconstructed individual patient data to estimate OS dRMST at 40–64 months and PFS dRMST at 24–48 months (alongside toxicity, corticosteroid burden, and drug-acquisition cost), it aimed to contrast RMST-based conclusions with hazard ratio (HR)-based network meta-analyses. The approach supports more clinically interpretable survival comparisons that incorporate treatment burden and cost for selecting first-line therapies in mccRCC.

McGrath J, Johnson K, Hakam N et al. · Urologic oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cost-effectiveness of adding enzalutamide vs standard non-steroidal antiandrogen drugs for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer undergoing standard first-line therapy: a within-trial, secondary end-point analysis of the ENZAMET phase 3, international randomized trial (ANZUP 1304).

This within-trial secondary analysis assessed the cost-effectiveness of adding enzalutamide to standard non-steroidal antiandrogen therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) using data from the ENZAMET phase 3 randomized trial (ANZUP 1304). Over a 60-month horizon from an Australian health system perspective, the study compared costs and outcomes for enzalutamide plus testosterone suppression versus standard comparator therapy. The results are intended to inform health-economic decision-making on whether enzalutamide provides value for money alongside first-line treatment in mHSPC.

Law CK, Stockler MR, Martin AJ et al. · EClinicalMedicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Qualitative Exit Interviews to Characterize the Positive Treatment Experiences of Patients in the Phase III Trial of Orforglipron Versus Oral Semaglutide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

This qualitative study conducted exit interviews to characterize positive patient experiences after participation in the Phase III ACHIEVE-3 trial comparing orforglipron versus oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes. The key finding was that patients reported meaningful positive treatment experiences and outcomes beyond standard clinical endpoints such as glycated hemoglobin and weight (with full results truncated in the abstract). The clinical significance is that it adds patient-centered evidence to support tolerability and perceived benefits of oral GLP-1 receptor agonist therapies.

Boye K, Cutts K, Zhao Y et al. · The patient · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Gene therapy delivery & adverse effects

Management of acute infusion-related reactions in AAV gene therapy guided by mechanistic insight.

This article investigated infusion-related reactions (IRRs) during AAV gene therapy by reviewing mechanistic features of IRRs in participants receiving AAV8 (DTX401 for glycogen storage disease type Ia) and AAV9 (UX701 for Wilson’s disease). IRRs occurred in three participants and were associated with rapid infusion rates, despite premedication with antipyretics and antihistamines in later cases, suggesting a mechanistic link to hypersensitivity risk. The work is significant for improving clinical management protocols (e.g., infusion-rate strategies and monitoring) to reduce IRR-related discontinuation in AAV gene therapy.

Sullivan BA, Collis R, Cahayag R et al. · Molecular therapy. Advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The advances and challenges of mRNA-LNP application in fields of hematology and oncology therapeutics.

This review article examined the development and translational challenges of mRNA delivered by lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) across hematology and oncology, building on clinical experience from COVID-19 mRNA-LNP vaccines and extending to cancer applications. It reports that mRNA-LNP platforms are increasingly used for cancer immunotherapy, personalized neoantigen vaccination, in vivo immune-cell engineering, protein replacement, mRNA-encoded biologics, and even genome editing, while noting that hematologic/oncologic efficacy is limited by biological barriers. The work is significant because it frames where mRNA-LNP technology is clinically feasible and what delivery and tumor/immune biology constraints must be overcome for broader therapeutic success.

Wang Y, Ge Y, Chen Y et al. · Journal of hematology & oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Epigenetics, ubiquitin/protein degradation & genome regulation

Glucose-Lowering Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Sarcopenia: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence and a Muscle-Centred Framework.

This review synthesized evidence on glucose-lowering therapies in type 2 diabetes-associated sarcopenia, focusing on mechanisms linking glycemic control to skeletal muscle mass, quality, strength, and function. It highlighted how skeletal muscle is central to insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and how diabetes therapies may differentially affect muscle outcomes, while noting that muscle endpoints are often not systematically prespecified in trials. The review provides a muscle-centered framework to guide future clinical trial design and mechanistic research for preventing or treating sarcopenia in older adults and those with long-standing type 2 diabetes.

Zhang J, Zhai X, Sha S et al. · Drugs · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Microtubule pushing and cortical pulling cooperate to orient and position the mitotic spindle.

This work developed a two-dimensional computational model of mitotic spindle positioning that integrates cortical pulling forces (dynein on astral microtubules) with microtubule pushing forces across multiple cell types and geometries. The model reproduced experimental spindle behaviors in Drosophila follicular epithelial cells, Drosophila neuroblasts, and the early C. elegans embryo, and showed that pulling forces are the dominant determinants of directional spindle positioning. Scientifically, it clarifies how distinct force-generating mechanisms cooperate to orient and position the mitotic spindle, informing mechanistic models of cell division.

Yeltokov A, Finegan TM, Fletcher AG et al. · The EMBO journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

2-Hydroxyisobutyrylation of SRSF9 Regulates CD44 Alternative Splicing to Promote Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis.

This study investigated how lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) regulates RNA splicing to promote colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM), using integrated quantitative proteomics and Khib proteomics on patient-matched normal mucosa, primary CRC, and liver metastases. It identified serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 9 (SRSF9) as a Khib-modified splicing factor whose expression and K155 Khib levels increased from normal tissue to primary tumors and metastases, and functional gain/loss experiments in CRC models linked this modification to metastatic progression. The work highlights a specific epigenetic-like post-translational modification (SRSF9 K155 Khib) as a mechanistic driver and potential therapeutic target in CRLM.

Zhang M, Song J, Yu S et al. · Cancer letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Cryo-EM advances in TDP-43 amyloid fibrils structure determination.

This review summarizes how cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has advanced structural determination of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) amyloid fibrils across TDP-43 proteinopathies including ALS, FTLD, and CTE. The central finding is that cryo-EM structures have clarified the transition from functional liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to irreversible solid-state aggregation. The significance is that atomic-level structural insights can guide mechanistic understanding and future therapeutic strategies targeting TDP-43 aggregation.

Xu Z, Chen X, Yi W · Neurobiology of disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Molecular triage and isoform protection safeguard ubiquitin chain editing on DNA.

This mechanistic study investigated how cells preserve ubiquitin chain editing on DNA by regulating the ubiquitin chain-editing machine ZUP1 and its interaction with RPA on single-stranded DNA. It found that ZUP1 ubiquitination recruits p97/VCP and ATXN3 to protect ZUP1 from premature proteasomal degradation, while E3 ligases UBR5 and HUWE1 define a degradative branch that limits ZUP1 abundance, thereby safeguarding RPA turnover. These insights clarify a molecular triage pathway that prevents pathological RPA trapping on ssDNA and helps maintain genome stability during DNA replication stress.

Zhou X, Attwood M, McStea A et al. · Cell reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Identifying common G protein-coupled receptor interacting proteins independent of heterotrimeric G proteins and β-arrestins.

This study used proximity labeling to identify proteins that interact with the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) in cells lacking β-arrestins and without reliance on heterotrimeric G proteins. By mapping ACKR3-associated “GPCR-interacting proteins” (GIPs) under β-arrestin–deficient conditions, the authors identified conserved interacting proteins that regulate ACKR3 function through noncanonical pathways. These findings expand the mechanistic understanding of GPCR signaling beyond G proteins and β-arrestins, potentially revealing new targets for ACKR3 biology.

Hicks C, Gardner J, Chundi A et al. · PNAS nexus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Palmitoyltransferase DHHC13 controls lysosomal cholesterol egress through palmitoylating Niemann-Pick C1.

This mechanistic cell biology study identified the palmitoyltransferase DHHC13 as a regulator of lysosomal cholesterol egress by controlling the palmitoylation state of Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Using an shRNA screen, the authors showed that DHHC13 loss caused lysosomal cholesterol accumulation, and they demonstrated that DHHC13 directly palmitoylates NPC1, with palmitoylation loss disrupting NPC1–lysosome association and promoting NPC1 degradation. By linking DHHC13-dependent palmitoylation to NPC1-mediated cholesterol export, the work suggests a new molecular lever for Niemann-Pick type C–related cholesterol trafficking defects.

Men XT, Bai XY, Zhao YY et al. · Life metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Microbiome–metabolite–immune interactions

The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus metformin on pregnancy rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) versus metformin, using randomized controlled trials. The key finding was that GLP-1RA-based therapy (alone or with metformin) improves pregnancy rates compared with metformin monotherapy in the included RCTs. These results are clinically significant because they support GLP-1RA use as a reproductive-outcome–focused option for PCOS-related infertility alongside or instead of metformin.

Kar E, Yeh J, Efe MA et al. · European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Targeting the Gut Microbiota-Metabolism Axis: Novel Pharmacological Mechanisms and Translational Application Strategies for Oral Antidiabetic Drugs.

This review synthesized translational evidence on how the gut microbiota–metabolism axis influences the pharmacological mechanisms and inter-individual efficacy of oral antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The key finding is that gut microbiota composition and metabolic functions can modulate drug responses, contributing to heterogeneity in glycemic efficacy. Scientifically and clinically, it highlights microbiome-targeted strategies (e.g., modulation of gut communities) as potential approaches to improve oral antidiabetic effectiveness.

Yang R, Zhang S, Fu Z et al. · Medicinal research reviews · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Tubocapsenolide A Overcomes Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer by Targeting PLK1 to Impair CEP55-ESCRT-Associated Vesicular Damage Clearance.

This study investigated Tubocapsenolide A (TA), a natural withanolide, in oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) and identified its molecular target using a PROTAC-based target deconvolution strategy. The key finding was that TA directly targets PLK1, and PLK1 elevation in L-OHP-resistant CRC promotes CEP55 Ser436 phosphorylation and ESCRT-associated vesicular damage clearance, driving resistance that TA can overcome by impairing this pathway. These findings are significant because they provide a mechanistic rationale for TA as a sensitizer to restore oxaliplatin responsiveness in resistant CRC.

Yang Y, Liang J, Wang L et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats: Integrated Microbiome, Metabolomic, and Transcriptomic Analyses.

The study compared live Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) and AKK-derived extracellular vesicles (AKK-EVs) in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), using integrated microbiome, metabolomic, and lung transcriptomic analyses. Both AKK and AKK-EVs alleviated LPS-induced lung injury, with multi-omics data supporting coordinated immunometabolic and gene-expression changes underlying protection. The results suggest a microbiome- and vesicle-based therapeutic avenue for ARDS that could be translated beyond broad anti-inflammatory approaches.

Liao L, Dong B, Zeng W et al. · Journal of inflammation research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Nifedipine-modulated gut microbiota attenuates hypertensive vascular injury through Bifidobacterium-associated inosine-Adora2b signaling.

This study examined whether nifedipine-mediated gut microbiota remodeling protects against hypertensive vascular injury in high-salt hypertensive rats and a pilot patient cohort, focusing on Bifidobacterium-associated inosine–Adora2b signaling. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted fecal metabolomics, fecal microbiota transplantation, microbiota depletion/supplementation, and selective receptor antagonism, nifedipine improved gut dysbiosis and attenuated vascular injury via an inosine–Adora2b pathway linked to Bifidobacterium. These findings suggest a microbiome–metabolite–receptor mechanism that could help explain benefits of nifedipine beyond blood-pressure lowering and inform microbiota-targeted adjunct strategies for hypertension.

Ren X, Yan X, Tang P et al. · Pharmacological research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Association between triglyceride-glucose index and stages of T2DM: potential indirect effects of inflammatory indicators.

This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the nonlinear association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and glycemic categories/stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 1,117 participants, and assessed whether inflammatory indicators could explain part of the relationship. Using generalized additive models (GAM) with restricted (spline-based) methods, the authors tested how TyG relates across normal glucose to T2DM and estimated indirect associations through inflammation. The results suggest that inflammation may mediate TyG-related insulin resistance and T2DM progression risk, informing biomarker-based stratification and potential intervention targets.

Tian J, Li H, Li M et al. · Frontiers in endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Modern Obesity Treatment: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Directions of GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) and GIP (Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) Receptor Agonists.

This narrative review summarized evidence on GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists for treatment of adults with overweight or obesity, focusing on efficacy and safety. Across included studies, incretin-based therapies produced clinically meaningful weight reduction with an overall safety profile that informs current and future obesity management. The review highlights how GLP-1/GIP-based pharmacology is reshaping obesity treatment and guides selection of therapies and research priorities.

Bartkowiak D, Jakubczyk B, Lasota A et al. · Cureus · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeted intestinal ROS scavenging alleviated rheumatoid arthritis by microbial metabolite kynurenic acid mediated Treg/Th17 balance through AhR pathway activation.

This preclinical study tested targeted intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging using black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, linking effects to microbial metabolite kynurenic acid and Treg/Th17 balance. BPNSs reduced intestinal ROS, modulated kynurenic acid metabolism, and alleviated arthritis severity by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. These findings suggest a gut-microbiome–ROS–kynurenic acid–AhR axis as a mechanistic route for developing adjunct therapies for rheumatoid arthritis.

Ling Z, Xiang T, Yang C et al. · Gut microbes · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The Hidden Conductor: HDL-Gut Microbiome Interplay in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory-Based Diseases.

This review article examined the “HDL–gut microbiome interplay” and how HDL’s anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions may be shaped by gut microbiome composition and metabolites in inflammatory-based diseases. It synthesizes evidence that HDL functionality—through effects on lipid rafts and membrane-associated signaling—interacts dynamically with the gut microbiome to influence inflammatory pathophysiology. The proposed conceptual link supports further mechanistic and translational research on HDL-targeted or microbiome-modulating strategies for inflammatory diseases.

Hafiane A, Kiss RS, Favari E et al. · BioFactors (Oxford, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Symptom Profiles Compatible With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in Individuals With Coeliac Disease on a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet.

This study examined whether symptom profiles compatible with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are prevalent in adults with coeliac disease (CD) on a long-term gluten-free diet, using an online survey of Dutch Coeliac Society members with Rome IV and validated psychological and somatic symptom questionnaires. The key finding was the identification of DGBI-compatible symptom profiles and associated factors in this CD population despite adherence to a gluten-free diet. This is clinically important because it supports considering gut-brain interaction mechanisms and targeted symptom management rather than attributing persistent symptoms solely to ongoing gluten exposure.

van Gils T, Törnblom H, van Overveld F et al. · United European gastroenterology journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Habitual Diet, Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis, and α-Synucleinopathy Conversion in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder.

This longitudinal cohort study evaluated how habitual diet relates to gut microbiome dysbiosis and conversion to α-synucleinopathy in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), recruiting 287 iRBD patients and 208 matched controls. The key finding was that specific plant-based diet indices were associated with gut microbial dysbiosis and with longitudinal progression toward α-synucleinopathy conversion. This matters because it links modifiable dietary patterns and microbiome features to prodromal disease risk, suggesting potential prevention strategies for synucleinopathies.

Xie S, Yang Y, Tang S et al. · Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Inflammation, immune regulation & macrophage/TAM biology

Panax notoginseng Saponins Accelerate Diabetic Wound Repair by Minimizing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inhibiting Pyroptosis of Macrophage via Regulating Ephx2/11,12-EET Axis.

This study tested Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic wound mouse model and used untargeted metabolomics plus in vitro/in vivo mechanistic experiments to define how PNS improves healing. PNS accelerated wound closure and improved collagen deposition and metabolic parameters, while mechanistically inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressing macrophage pyroptosis by regulating the Ephx2/11,12-EET axis. The findings support PNS as a mechanistically grounded candidate therapy for diabetic wound repair targeting macrophage inflammatory cell death pathways.

Chen N, Zhu B, Sun CH et al. · Food science & nutrition · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor immune microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer.

This review summarized recent advances (2021–2025 literature) on tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) heterogeneity in the tumor immune microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and how TAMs contribute to immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance. The key finding is that TAM diversity and functional states are central regulators of immune resistance in NSCLC, motivating emerging therapeutic strategies that target TAMs. Scientifically and clinically, it consolidates rationale for TAM-directed interventions to improve responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC.

Saldana SFA, Abdulrab ND, Raza A · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The PIEZO1/CISD1/IP3R Mechanotransduction Axis Drives Macrophage Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammatory Activation in Pulmonary Fibrosis.

This study investigated the PIEZO1/CISD1/IP3R mechanotransduction axis in macrophages and its role in mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory activation during pulmonary fibrosis. The authors found that PIEZO1 is upregulated in fibrotic lungs and that PIEZO1 activation drives calcium overload via the CI(s)D1/IP3R pathway, promoting macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory activation. These mechanistic insights identify PIEZO1-mediated mechanotransduction as a potential therapeutic target to dampen macrophage-driven inflammation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Wei Y, Xie C, Yang X et al. · MedComm · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Iptacopan combined with immunosuppressive therapy for aplastic anemia-paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria syndrome: A case report.

This case report described treatment of a 24-year-old Han Chinese male with aplastic anemia–paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (AA–PNH) syndrome who had inadequate response to conventional immunosuppressive therapy (including cyclosporine) and developed acute hemolysis after stopping. The key finding was that iptacopan, when combined with immunosuppressive therapy, rapidly controlled hemolysis. Scientifically and clinically, it suggests a potential role for complement inhibition with iptacopan as an option for refractory AA–PNH patients with limited alternatives.

Liu X, Xu J, Luo Y et al. · Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Efficacy and safety of imeglimin hydrochloride for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with type 2 diabetes: Single-center, single-arm phase 2 (IMELD study).

This single-center, single-arm phase 2 IMELD study assessed 24-week treatment with imeglimin 1000 mg twice daily in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes. The primary endpoint was reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from baseline, with secondary endpoints including glycemic and insulin secretion/resistance measures (e.g., HbA1c and HOMA indices). The study is significant because it evaluates whether imeglimin can improve liver inflammation/biomarkers in a high-risk metabolic population.

Yamada H, Ida Y, Kaji S et al. · Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Liver disease mechanisms & targeted therapies

Hepatocyte CBX2 Safeguards Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis by Elevating Ca2+-CaMKK2-AMPK Signaling to Counter MASLD.

This study examined the role of the chromatin regulator Chromobox 2 (CBX2) in hepatocyte lipid homeostasis in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) using patient samples, multiple mouse models (db/db, ob/ob, HFD, HFHC), and hepatocyte-specific genetic manipulation. The key finding was that hepatocyte CBX2 is reduced in MASLD and that hepatocyte-specific CBX2 overexpression improves steatosis and glucose metabolism while suppressing inflammation via enhanced Ca2+-CaMKK2-AMPK signaling. These results are clinically significant because they identify CBX2–Ca2+-CaMKK2–AMPK as a potential therapeutic axis for MASLD.

Wei X, Lin L, Wang X et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation improves polycystic ovary syndrome by activating silent regulatory protein 2 mediated lactate dehydrogenase A lysine 119 deacetylation to enhance glycolytic activity.

This study tested whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improves polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a letrozole plus high-fat diet rat model by modulating silent regulatory protein 2 (SIRT2)-mediated lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) lysine 119 deacetylation and thereby enhancing glycolysis in granulosa cells. NMN supplementation improved PCOS metabolic and reproductive phenotypes and increased glycolytic activity by promoting SIRT2-dependent LDHA deacetylation at lysine 119. The results support NMN/SIRT2/LDHA as a mechanistic therapeutic axis for PCOS and provide a specific post-translational modification target (LDHA K119 acetylation) for future interventions.

Zhang Z, Xue H, Tu H et al. · International journal of biological macromolecules · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Phase 2 study of fazpilodemab, a FGFR1/Klothoβ agonist, in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).

This Phase 2 randomized study evaluated fazpilodemab, a bispecific antibody agonist targeting FGFR1 and Klotho β (KLB), in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and hepatic steatosis. The trial tested subcutaneous fazpilodemab versus placebo every 2 weeks for 52 weeks with MASH resolution without fibrosis as the primary endpoint, aiming to determine efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics. If effective, FGFR1/KLB pathway activation via fazpilodemab could provide a targeted therapeutic option for MASH where current treatments are limited.

Sanyal AJ, Zou Y, Zhang L et al. · JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hepatic Progenitor Cells and the Ductular Reaction: Pathophysiological Role in the Progression of Liver Disease.

This mechanistic review studied how hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and the ductular reaction (DR) interact over time to drive progression of liver disease, emphasizing developmental signaling pathways. The key finding was that DR is multiphase: transient early HPC activation supports parenchymal restoration, whereas persistent dysregulated HPC expansion promotes progressive fibrogenesis, involving pathways such as Hippo-YAP, Hedgehog, and Notch. This is significant because it highlights HPC/DR signaling as a potential therapeutic target to halt or reverse liver disease progression.

Wang P, Li M, Zhou Z et al. · Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neurodegeneration & NeuroHIV/brain immune dysfunction

Apolipoprotein E4 and immune dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

This review analyzed evidence that apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) drives immune dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease by coordinating brain–periphery immune crosstalk. The key finding is that APOE4 promotes metabolically stressed, inflammatory, synaptotoxic microglial states in the CNS and primes peripheral innate and adaptive immune cells toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, forming a self-reinforcing neuroimmune loop. Clinically, this mechanistic framework suggests APOE4-targeted or immune-modulating therapies could help slow neurodegeneration and improve outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease.

Shi H, Zhao Y, Zhu W et al. · Trends in neurosciences · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

PBRM1 Deficiency in Microglia Leads to Excessive Neurogenesis and Autism-Like Behaviors via the CCL5-CCR1/5-β-catenin Signaling Axis.

This study examined whether microglial loss of PBRM1 (the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling component) contributes to autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like phenotypes in mice. The key finding was that microglial PBRM1 deficiency alters microglial clusters, increases neurogenesis, and produces ASD-like behaviors, mediated by a CCL5–CCR1/5–β-catenin signaling axis. Scientifically, it implicates microglial chromatin regulation (PBRM1) in neurodevelopmental circuit changes and provides a pathway-level target for potential interventions.

Duan YY, Jiao LF, Liu PP et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Molecular Signatures of HIV-Induced Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Human Cerebral Organoids: Identification of Therapeutic Targets for NeuroHIV.

The study used HIV-1-infected human cerebral organoids containing microglia and validated findings in cART-treated SIV-infected rhesus macaques to define molecular signatures of HIV-associated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Integrated single-nucleus RNA sequencing with ATAC-seq (multi-omics) identified cell-type-specific alterations and candidate therapeutic targets in the dual processes of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. These multi-omic, CNS-relevant models provide mechanistic gene-regulatory leads for developing targeted NeuroHIV interventions beyond viral suppression.

Chennakesavan K, Samikkannu M, Gupta S et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A microglial basis for fragile X syndrome via impairment of FMRP-regulated lysosomal function.

This study used mice with selective microglial deletion of the FMR1 gene (Fmr1) to model fragile X syndrome (FXS) and combined single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq) with RNA immunoprecipitation to identify FMRP-regulated targets. Loss of microglial FMRP impaired lysosomal function, producing audiogenic seizures and parvalbumin (PV) neuron loss, and FMRP was found to bind lysosomal mRNAs that promote lysosomal protein expression and function. The results implicate microglial lysosomal dysregulation as a key disease mechanism in FXS and provide a potential non-neuronal therapeutic target.

Li H, Choi JJ, Huang EJ et al. · Molecular psychiatry · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Effects of Finasteride exposure on lifespan and locomotor phenotypes.

This study examined how developmental and behavioral exposure to the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride affects lifespan and locomotor phenotypes in Drosophila, with a mouse behavioral assay used as a complementary model. Finasteride exposure produced measurable changes in lifespan and locomotor-related phenotypes alongside morphological analyses of motor and sensory neurons and transcriptomic/genetic evidence for underlying molecular alterations. These findings support a mechanistic link between androgen-pathway inhibition (via 5α-reductase/DHT reduction) and neurobehavioral aging phenotypes, informing risk–benefit considerations for finasteride use.

Long K, Mo K, Xu K et al. · Biogerontology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

5-α-reductase inhibitors and the risk of suicide and neuropsychiatric symptoms: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

This meta-analysis synthesized observational studies to evaluate whether 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs)—including finasteride and dutasteride—are associated with suicide and neuropsychiatric symptoms in people treated for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Using a systematic search (through July 16, 2025) and pooling observational evidence, the study quantified the risk of outcomes such as suicidal ideation, anxiety, depression, and intentional self-harm during 5-ARI exposure. The results are clinically important for balancing benefits of 5-ARIs against potential neuropsychiatric harms and for guiding monitoring and patient counseling.

Fraenza F, Liguori V, Pentella C et al. · Frontiers in urology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Movement disorders & neuroinflammation/tauopathy

TGF-β Inhibition Attenuates Tau Accumulation and Neurodegeneration in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Patient-Derived Organoids.

This preclinical study tested whether pharmacologic TGF-β inhibition can reduce tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) using patient-derived ventral midbrain organoids (vMOs) generated from induced pluripotent stem cells from two PSP-Richardson’s syndrome patients and two healthy controls. The key finding was that treatment with the TGF-β receptor I inhibitor SB431542 (from day 60 to day 90) attenuated tau accumulation and neurodegeneration in PSP organoids. This is important because it provides organoid-based evidence for TGF-β pathway inhibition as a candidate disease-modifying strategy in a 4-repeat tauopathy.

Talarico M, Quattrone A, Benedetto GL et al. · Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiovascular disease risk, imaging & therapeutics

Thioredoxin-2 Alleviates Osteoporosis by Restraining FOXO3a Nuclear Translocation.

This study tested whether mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 (TRX2) protects against osteoporosis by regulating endothelial redox signaling and transcription factor localization in aging and disease-relevant models. The key finding was that endothelial TRX2 is reduced in aging bone vascular endothelial cells and that endothelial Trx2 deficiency accelerates bone loss by suppressing osteogenic activity and enhancing osteoclastogenesis through restraining FOXO3a nuclear translocation. These findings are clinically significant because they identify TRX2–FOXO3a redox control as a mechanistic target to prevent or treat osteoporosis.

Zhan C, Zhou Z, Ding Y et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Use of an AI metabolomics score to predict cardiovascular risk among patients with Psoriasis in the MGB and UK Biobanks.

This study analyzed 1086 individuals with psoriasis without prior coronary artery disease in the MGB and UK Biobanks to develop and externally validate an AI-driven plasma metabolomics cardiovascular risk score (MetaPsoAI). The key finding was that the metabolomics-based AI score improved prediction of incident cardiovascular events beyond traditional clinical predictors in people with psoriasis. Scientifically and clinically, MetaPsoAI offers a disease-informed biomarker approach to better identify psoriasis patients at elevated cardiovascular risk.

Kotanidis CP, Schuermans A, Choksi P et al. · American journal of preventive cardiology · (2027) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparison of cardiovascular events in patients with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer treated with LHRH agonists to LHRH antagonists in the US: A retrospective cohort study.

This retrospective cohort study used real-world TriNetX data to compare major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in adults with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSCaP) treated with LHRH agonists (leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin) versus LHRH antagonists (degarelix, relugolix). The key finding (from the truncated abstract) was the comparative incidence of MACE between these treatment groups in the US population. Clinically, it addresses cardiovascular safety differences between ADT classes, which is important for treatment selection in patients at cardiovascular risk.

Titus RS, Velasquez EL, Mundra V et al. · Urologic oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy and incident atrial fibrillation in non-diabetic adults with obesity and chronic kidney disease: a propensity matched cohort study.

This propensity-matched cohort study used the TriNetX US Collaborative Network to emulate a target trial and assess whether GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) therapy reduces 1-year incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in non-diabetic adults with obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5. Patients receiving semaglutide, liraglutide, or tirzepatide were compared with unexposed patients after propensity matching, with the key outcome being AF incidence over 1 year. Clinically, it evaluates whether GLP-1RA therapy may lower AF risk in a high-cardiovascular-risk cardiorenal population.

Hassan A, Okorigba E, Grace C et al. · International journal of cardiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Baseline MRI markers and clinical outcomes during anti-amyloid β therapy: A real-world study in a Japanese dementia center.

This real-world retrospective cohort study investigated baseline MRI markers as predictors of cognitive, functional, and safety outcomes during anti-amyloid β therapy in 161 Japanese patients with dementia initiating lecanemab (n=89) or donanemab (n=72). It found that baseline measures such as medial temporal atrophy (VSRAD Z score), amyloid PET burden, and microbleeds were associated with subsequent changes in MMSE and CDR-SB and with amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) risk. These results could help clinicians personalize anti-amyloid therapy selection and monitoring by using imaging biomarkers to anticipate decline and ARIA.

Kujuro Y, Saito M, Maruko M et al. · The journal of prevention of Alzheimer’s disease · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Preservation of functional capacity and lower-limb mechanical power during acute hospitalisation: effects of a low-cost multicomponent exercise programme in older adults-a randomised controlled trial.

This randomized controlled trial studied whether a low-cost multicomponent in-hospital exercise program based on the VIVIFRAIL approach preserves functional capacity and lower-limb mechanical power in acutely hospitalized older adults (≥70 years) in an Acute Care for the Elderly unit. Compared with usual care, the intervention group maintained functional performance (primary outcome: Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB) and showed better preservation of lower-limb mechanical power during acute hospitalization. The findings support practical exercise delivery during hospital stays to reduce hospitalisation-associated disability in older adults.

Bandeira-Guimarães M, Blanco-Rambo E, Izquierdo M et al. · Age and ageing · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease - an expert review from the Cologne Conference.

This expert review summarized current evidence and unresolved clinical issues in pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease (PH_lung), including pulmonary hypertension due to COPD, interstitial lung disease, and other parenchymal lung disorders. It highlighted challenges in early diagnosis, hemodynamic classification, and optimal treatment strategies following the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension. The review is clinically significant for guiding everyday management decisions and identifying research gaps in PH_lung care.

Ulrich S, Milger K, Halank M et al. · Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

A retrospective analysis of treatment switch from faricimab to aflibercept 8 mg in nAMD.

This retrospective analysis studied outcomes after switching intravitreal therapy from faricimab to aflibercept 8 mg in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who had received at least three consecutive faricimab injections. The key finding was the treatment response and injection interval/clinical course following the 2024 switch to aflibercept 8 mg, providing real-world comparative information for longer-acting anti-VEGF regimens. Clinically, the results inform practical decision-making when transitioning between extended-interval anti-VEGF agents in nAMD patients.

Mehany SN, Vécsei-Marlovits PV, Boltz A · International ophthalmology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Sacubitril/Valsartan Improves Cardiovascular Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Hypertension: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This retrospective cohort study evaluated elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (n=150) comparing sacubitril/valsartan versus amlodipine, each added to conventional therapy. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) over 12 months, and the study reports improved cardiovascular outcomes with sacubitril/valsartan relative to amlodipine. Scientifically and clinically, the results extend evidence for sacubitril/valsartan beyond heart failure into an elderly CAD+hypertension population, supporting its potential role in reducing event risk.

Feng M, Xie Y · Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Rusfertide for Polycythemia Vera: Incremental Benefit Assessment.

This article assessed the incremental benefit of rusfertide in polycythemia vera by summarizing its mechanism of action and clinical trial results. The key finding is that rusfertide provides an incremental therapeutic benefit in polycythemia vera compared with existing management approaches, framed through an “incremental benefit assessment” lens. This is significant for hematology decision-making because it helps quantify how much additional value rusfertide may offer for patients with polycythemia vera.

Tefferi A, Gangat N, Guglielmelli P et al. · American journal of hematology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effects of Altitude or Hypoxic Exposure on Endurance Running Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated experimental studies in healthy adult middle- and long-distance runners to determine how altitude or hypoxic exposure affects endurance running performance and physiological determinants (e.g., V̇O2max). The key finding was that altitude/hypoxic exposure has measurable effects on endurance performance and related physiological outcomes, though the magnitude likely varies across study designs and conditions. The scientific significance is that it synthesizes inconsistent prior evidence to guide evidence-based altitude/hypoxia training decisions for performance enhancement.

Grivas GV, Berryman N, Vachon A et al. · Sports health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of different exercise modalities on frailty in older adults.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized randomized evidence on frailty outcomes in older adults comparing three unimodal exercise modalities: resistance exercise, walking, and Tai Chi. The key finding was that exercise modality (and dose/intervention characteristics) helps explain heterogeneity in frailty effects across trials. Clinically, the results support selecting specific standalone exercise types and tailoring dose to maximize frailty improvements in older adults.

Li J, Yang H, Chen L · Frontiers in public health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The investigational non-steroidal MRA balcinrenone in cardiorenal medicine: current evidence and future perspectives.

This review summarizes current evidence and future directions for balcinrenone, a novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), in cardiorenal medicine. It positions balcinrenone as a candidate to address residual chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk beyond established therapies such as renin-angiotensin system blockade, SGLT2 inhibitors, and finerenone. If ongoing studies confirm benefit, balcinrenone could expand the non-steroidal MRA options for CKD patients with albuminuria and improve cardiorenal outcomes.

Georgianos PI, Stoumpos S, Kourtidou C et al. · Clinical kidney journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Use of sotatercept in an adolescent patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

This case report studied sotatercept as add-on therapy in an adolescent boy with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) who had persistent pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular dysfunction despite upfront oral triple combination therapy. After initiating sotatercept, the patient showed striking improvements in pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular function without adverse side effects. These findings suggest sotatercept may be a safe, effective additional option for pediatric iPAH, warranting longer-term studies to confirm durability and safety.

Kurosaki K, Akazawa Y, Yuki T et al. · Journal of cardiology cases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dapagliflozin in phenotypically stratified HFpEF without myocardial fibrosis: the STADIA-HFpEF randomized crossover trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial studied dapagliflozin in phenotypically stratified HFpEF patients without significant myocardial fibrosis to test whether it improves left ventricular (LV) distensibility. The STADIA-HFpEF trial design targeted diastolic stiffness mechanisms and evaluated dapagliflozin’s effects in this specific fibrosis-negative HFpEF phenotype. If dapagliflozin improves LV distensibility in this group, it would strengthen the rationale for SGLT2 inhibitor use based on myocardial substrate rather than HFpEF phenotype alone.

Scheffer M, van Maarschalkerwaart W, Dong C et al. · European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Diagnostic Accuracy of NT-proBNP thresholds in Dyspneic Patients in the Emergency Department according to patients’ characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated diagnostic accuracy of N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) thresholds for acute heart failure (AHF) in dyspneic emergency department patients, stratified by patient characteristics. Across 31 studies (26,948 patients), it found that diagnostic performance varies by threshold and subgroup, informing how clinicians might select cutoffs to rule in or rule out AHF. The findings are clinically important because they refine NT-proBNP threshold use in real-world ED populations where patient characteristics affect test interpretation.

Baudry G, Monzo L, Faivre V et al. · European journal of heart failure · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Drug-Drug Interactions vs. Therapeutic Combinations in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure and Diabetes: An Ambispective Real-World Study.

This ambispective real-world cross-sectional study compared the prevalence and clinical consequences of clinically relevant drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) versus recommended therapeutic combinations in 144 hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Using Micromedex and Lexicomp prescription checks, the key finding was that clinically relevant pDDIs were present and could have meaningful clinical implications, highlighting limitations of relying solely on generic DDI screening. The study is significant for improving medication safety and decision support in CHF–DM polypharmacy settings.

Ramayanam NR, Kavitha B, Prathisha CB et al. · Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Infectious disease epidemiology & stewardship

Incidence and mortality of invasive fungal infections among patients admitted in intensive care units in India: findings from a multicentric registry-based study (2023-25).

This multicentric registry-based observational study characterized the incidence, mortality, risk factors, resistance patterns, treatment, and outcomes of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) among ICU patients in India using data from 63 ICUs across eight advanced mycology diagnostic centers (Jan 2023–Nov 2025). The key results (as reported in the abstract) describe the burden and clinical epidemiology of IFIs in this critical-care population, including patterns of antimicrobial resistance and outcomes. Clinically, the study provides India-specific evidence to guide empiric management, stewardship, and risk stratification for critically ill patients with suspected or confirmed IFIs.

Goyal SP, Sharma S, Kaur H et al. · The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparative effectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole dosing strategies for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a target trial emulation.

This target trial emulation used Epic Cosmos data to compare high-, intermediate-, and low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in adults, focusing on short-term mortality. Patients were categorized by TMP-SMX dosing intensity (high ≥15 mg/kg/day, intermediate 10–15 mg/kg/day, low below that range) and outcomes were assessed across these groups. The study’s significance is to refine PCP dosing strategies to reduce adverse effects while maintaining or improving survival.

Yendamuri RS, Rust TJ, Brizendine KD et al. · Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effect of clarithromycin on the circulating inflammatory proteome in community-acquired pneumonia: a secondary analysis of the ACCESS trial.

This secondary analysis of the ACCESS randomized double-blind trial studied whether adding clarithromycin to standard-of-care in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) alters circulating inflammatory proteins and whether inflammatory endotypes predict response. Using Olink Target 96 Inflammation panel profiling of serum at baseline and 72 hours, clarithromycin was associated with distinct modulation of inflammatory protein profiles that could stratify patient subgroups with different clinical trajectories. The work supports inflammatory proteomics as a tool for identifying CAP endotypes and tailoring antibiotic adjunct strategies beyond early clinical recovery.

Stylianakis E, Tsiakos K, Niotis G et al. · Chest · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Antibiotic Stewardship in Cirrhosis: Current Recommendations and Clinical Challenges.

This review studied the evidence base and clinical challenges behind antibiotic stewardship recommendations in cirrhosis, focusing on prophylaxis and empiric treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and acute variceal bleeding and antimicrobial management in acute liver failure. The key finding was that guideline recommendations are supported by limited evidence and largely predate the current era of widespread multidrug-resistant organisms, reducing applicability to modern infection epidemiology. This is significant because updating stewardship guidance to reflect resistance patterns could improve survival and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use in cirrhosis.

Ezzafzafi S, Bot KKIM, Bernts LHP et al. · United European gastroenterology journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Autoimmune, inflammatory bowel disease & systemic immune disorders

HECTD1 Directs HIF-1α to Facilitate Intestinal Inflammation and Carcinogenesis via Promoting Th17 Differentiation and Glycolysis.

This study investigated how the ubiquitin ligase HECTD1 regulates intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis by controlling Th17 differentiation and metabolism in models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). The key finding was that HECTD1 promotes IGF2BP3-dependent HIF-1α translation, driving Th17 glycolysis and differentiation, and that T-cell-specific deletion of HECTD1 reduces colitis severity and CAC in mice. This is significant because it links a defined molecular pathway (HECTD1→IGF2BP3→HIF-1α→Th17 glycolysis) to disease progression and suggests HECTD1 as a therapeutic target.

Xu S, Han Q, Wang F et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Consensus Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Management of Noninflammatory and Inflammatory Nodules Secondary to Poly-L-Lactic Acid Injections.

This work developed international expert consensus recommendations for diagnosing, classifying, preventing, and managing noninflammatory and inflammatory nodules arising after poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) injections in aesthetic patients. The key outcome was a standardized clinical framework intended to reduce inconsistent terminology and variable management that currently lead to unpredictable patient outcomes. Clinically, this consensus should improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment selection for PLLA-associated nodules, potentially lowering complication rates and improving care consistency.

Rowland-Warmann MJ, Barrera P, Clague M et al. · Aesthetic surgery journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Preferential phosphodiesterase inhibition as a novel strategy to modulate key pathways in systemic sclerosis.

This mechanistic study focused on systemic sclerosis (SSc) and evaluated selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) as a strategy to modulate immune and fibrotic pathways. By targeting PDE4B, the work argues for broader effects across multiple SSc-relevant cell types beyond organ-specific symptom control. If supported by experimental and clinical data, selective PDE4B inhibition could represent a disease-modifying approach for SSc.

Distler JHW, Frech T, McMahan ZH · Frontiers in immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Gd-IgA1-targeting therapy in IgA nephropathy what is pathogenic Gd-IgA1?.

This 2026 review focused on galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) as the pathogenic driver in IgA nephropathy and on therapies that target Gd-IgA1-producing cells and their regulatory pathways. It reports that mechanism-based clinical trials reduced circulating Gd-IgA1 and were associated with improvements in proteinuria and kidney function preservation. The work supports Gd-IgA1 as a validated therapeutic target and frames ongoing development of more precise disease-modifying treatments for IgA nephropathy.

Mori K, Nihei Y, Suzuki Y · Frontiers in nephrology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Objective validation of the Crohn’s Anal Fistula Quality of Life questionnaire using quantitative MRI fistula volume in perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease.

This prospective validation study assessed construct validity of the Crohn’s Anal Fistula Quality of Life (CAF-QoL) questionnaire in adults with perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease by comparing questionnaire scores with quantitative pelvic MRI fistula volume. CAF-QoL was evaluated against MRI-derived fistula burden quantified by two radiologists using ITK-SNAP, with the goal of determining whether MRI volume supports the PROM’s measurement construct. If the reported relationships hold, CAF-QoL would be better supported as an evidence-based patient-reported outcome aligned with objective disease severity in pfCD.

Anand E, Pelly T, Patel U et al. · Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Transition From Child to Adult Care in Paediatric Neurological Disorders in Europe-A Joint EAN-EPNS Survey of Current Practices for Healthcare Providers.

This European survey studied current healthcare-provider practices for transitioning young people with paediatric-onset neurological disorders from child to adult care across Europe, using a web-based 22-item questionnaire sent to EAN/EPNS task-force members in 2025. The key finding was that transition care remains inconsistently structured, with identifiable barriers and differing perceived priorities for improvement across institutions. This matters because standardizing transition pathways could reduce care gaps and improve long-term outcomes for adolescents with paediatric neurological conditions.

Craiu D, Cazacu C, Papadopoulou MT et al. · European journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effects of blood flow restriction training in adult upper-limb musculoskeletal rehabilitation: A systematic review.

This prospective observational study evaluated the prevalence and spectrum of additional autoimmune diseases (ADs) and autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) plus micronutrient deficiencies in 102 adults with biopsy-confirmed celiac disease under regular outpatient follow-up. It reported the frequency and types of coexisting ADs/APS subtypes and associated laboratory and micronutrient deficiency patterns, alongside adherence to a gluten-free diet assessed by the celiac dietary adherence test (CDAT). Clinically, the results support systematic screening for autoimmune comorbidities and nutritional deficiencies in adult celiac patients to improve long-term management.

Khan LS, Alqawlaq AK, Almech MH et al. · Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Autoimmune diseases and autoimmune polyglandular syndromes in adult patients with biopsy-confirmed celiac disease: A prospective study.

This prospective study examined autoimmune comorbidities and autoimmune polyglandular syndromes in 102 adults with biopsy-confirmed celiac disease. The key finding was the documented prevalence and distribution of additional autoimmune diseases and APS subtypes, together with micronutrient deficiency patterns and their relationship to clinical/laboratory measures and gluten-free diet adherence (CDAT). The study is significant because it quantifies the burden of autoimmune overlap in adult celiac disease and informs targeted monitoring beyond intestinal symptoms.

Kuşaksizoğlu Kara S, Basat S, Kara Ç · Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Additive effects of active vitamin D3 or vitamin E administration on therapeutic lower-limb home exercise for knee osteoarthritis: A pilot prospective randomized controlled trial.

This pilot prospective randomized controlled trial studied whether adding oral active vitamin D3 or vitamin E to therapeutic lower-limb home exercise improves outcomes in 88 postmenopausal women with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren–Lawrence grade 2–4). The key finding was that adjunctive active vitamin D3 or vitamin E produced additive benefits compared with home exercise alone (with effects assessed across clinical/functional endpoints). This is clinically relevant because it tests low-risk, home-based combination strategies to enhance symptom and function improvements in knee OA.

Kanazawa H, Kurosawa H, Nagao M et al. · Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Hyaluronic acid-based skin booster with glutathione combined with 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser and oral tranexamic acid for melasma: A prospective comparative study.

This prospective comparative study evaluated whether an HA-based glutathione (HA-GSH) intradermal skin booster added to low-fluence 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser plus oral tranexamic acid improves melasma outcomes. In 50 Chinese women with epidermal melasma (Fitzpatrick III–IV), the key finding was that combining HA-GSH with the standard regimen enhanced efficacy and durability versus the regimen without the booster. The results are significant for improving relapse-prone melasma treatment by targeting melanogenesis with antioxidant delivery alongside laser and tranexamic acid.

Bai JL · Medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Generated automatically on October 19, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.