PubMed Trending Research Digest — October 23, 2026

Automated digest · 99 articles · 15 research areas · October 23, 2026

Overview

This week’s digest is dominated by two converging trends: (1) using high-resolution biomarkers/omics to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and patient stratification, and (2) reframing disease mechanisms as modifiable “state transitions” driven by immune, stromal, metabolic, or epigenetic programs.

Across oncology and immunology, multiple studies emphasize how the tumor microenvironment and immune evasion are governed by specific molecular switches—such as stromal checkpoint signaling (e.g., ADAM12), fibroblast–tumor communication axes (e.g., THBS1–myCAF to TOPBP1+ cells), and epigenetic control of innate sensing/antigen presentation (e.g., CREBBP/HDAC-dependent STING and MHC-I expression in SCLC). Complementing these mechanistic insights, proteomic and extracellular vesicle approaches (including plasma EV post-translational “fingerprints” and proteomic feature selection) aim to make these states measurable in blood, while large-scale cellular atlases (e.g., neutrophil single-cell mapping; T-cell exhaustion proteostatic atlases) provide reference maps for interpreting immune dysfunction and guiding therapy.

Outside cancer, the same “state” logic appears in neurodegeneration and repair: studies link ferroptosis/iron handling to Parkinson’s and mutant p53–driven ferroptosis resistance in PDAC; other work highlights barriers to remyelination (fibroblast exclusion of oligodendrocytes) and identifies metabolic/epigenetic axes that could enhance CNS recovery after injury (ketone metabolism regulating CPT1A). In parallel, critical care and rehabilitation research focuses on standardizing measurable endpoints (e.g., RALE imaging reliability for ARDS) and targeting modifiable upstream drivers (sleep–inflammation–pain loops, loneliness/sensory impairment in aging multimorbidity). Finally, several translational and platform papers—ranging from dual-AAV targeting and programmable RNA editing to next-generation EV design frameworks—underscore that better tools for delivery and validation are increasingly central to turning mechanistic discoveries into therapies.

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ARDS and Critical Care Imaging Biomarkers

Diagnostic Performance of the Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema Score for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Post Hoc Analysis of the “Validating Acute Lung Injury Biomarkers for Diagnosis” Study.

This post hoc study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and interobserver reliability of the Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) score for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adult ICU patients receiving invasive ventilation at Vanderbilt University Medical Center with available chest radiographs on ICU days 1–2. RALE scoring of early radiographs showed diagnostic performance for ARDS and was assessed for agreement between at least two experienced radiology/clinical raters. These findings support RALE as a potentially useful, standardized imaging biomarker for ARDS diagnosis and help quantify its reliability for clinical trials and bedside use.

Zimatore C, Jabaudon M, Pisani L et al. · Critical care explorations · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Neurogenetics and Neural Circuitry of Alcohol Use

Functional architecture of the human insula.

This study mapped the functional architecture of the human insula by combining intracranial electrical stimulation and task-based EEG recordings with connectivity mapping within a cytoarchitectonic atlas in 87 participants with implanted electrodes. The key finding was a quadripartite functional organization of the insula, including dorsal-posterior regions encoding somatotopically organized nociceptive/thermoceptive and somatosensory signals and other distinct subregions with different connectivity and functional roles. Clinically and scientifically, the results provide causal electrophysiological relationships among insular subregions relevant to pain and interoception.

Quabs J, Pantis S, Chen G et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

The aMAP Score Effectively Stratifies Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in the Steatotic Liver Disease Population.

The study evaluated whether the aMAP HCC risk score can stratify hepatocellular carcinoma risk in people with steatotic liver disease (SLD), using 156,406 SLD participants from the UK Biobank and 3,166 virally suppressed chronic hepatitis B patients from a Chinese cohort. The aMAP score showed effective predictive/stratification performance in the SLD population and was used to refine identification of a high-risk subgroup compared with other scores (PAGE-B, mPAGE-B, CAMD, and MASLD-HCC). This supports using aMAP for HCC risk enrichment in SLD, potentially improving surveillance and prevention strategies beyond its original viral-hepatitis development cohorts.

Xu W, Shi Y, Liu Z et al. · Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

From Genes to Neural Circuits: Genetic and Systems Mechanisms of Ethanol Sensitivity and Tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster.

This review synthesized genetic and systems neuroscience evidence from Drosophila melanogaster to identify conserved genes and neural circuits that govern ethanol sensitivity, tolerance, preference, and consumption. It highlights how Drosophila’s forward genetic screens, molecular tools, and behavioral assays have mapped ethanol-response pathways across biological levels. The work is significant because it provides a mechanistic framework for discovering conserved alcohol-use disorder targets that can guide future functional studies and therapeutic development.

Subedi A, Lee Y · BMB reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Maternal Factors Modifying the Link Between Genetic Risk for Autism and Developmental Milestones.

This study used Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) data to test whether maternal prenatal factors modify the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) polygenic risk scores (PRS) and developmental outcomes (language delay, motor delay, and core ASD traits). In exploratory gene-environment interaction analyses, amniocentesis emerged as a candidate positive moderator linking ASD PRS to both language and motor delay. Clinically, this supports the idea that prenatal exposures can interact with inherited ASD liability, potentially refining risk stratification for developmental delays.

D’Alesio L, Patel VN, Walsh M et al. · American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Whole-blood transcriptomic findings in emergency department patients with suspected cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a pilot study.

This pilot study used genome-wide whole-blood RNA sequencing to identify transcriptomic differences in 7 patients with suspected cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) matched to 7 controls. It reported differentially expressed genes and pathway signals potentially involved in CHS pathogenesis based on automated and manual analyses plus digital isotype-related methods. Scientifically, these data provide early molecular leads for CHS mechanisms and candidate biomarkers that could support future diagnostic or therapeutic development.

Meltzer A, Cooper ZD, Heidish R et al. · Journal of cannabis research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comprehensive behavioral phenotyping of male Sulf1-deficient mice reveals reduced locomotor activity, altered forelimb gait, and reduced prepulse inhibition.

This preclinical study performed comprehensive behavioral phenotyping of male Sulfatase 1 (Sulf1)-deficient (knockout) mice to characterize adult brain functions. Compared with controls, Sulf1-deficient mice showed reduced locomotor activity, altered forelimb gait, and reduced prepulse inhibition, indicating changes in motor behavior and sensorimotor gating. The scientific significance is that it expands understanding of Sulf1’s roles in adult neural circuits beyond previously reported learning/reward phenotypes.

Keino-Masu K, Chatzigiannis MM, Shoji H et al. · Molecular brain · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Total and beverage-specific alcohol use at mid-life and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study.

This prospective cohort study in 340,924 UK Biobank participants assessed associations between total alcohol intake and beverage-specific alcohol use at mid-life and all-cause plus cause-specific mortality. It compared never/occasional, low, moderate, and high drinking categories (with sex-specific thresholds) to quantify mortality risks across cardiovascular disease and multiple cancer sites. The findings are clinically important for refining public health guidance on low-to-moderate alcohol consumption by clarifying risk patterns by drinking level and beverage type.

Li Z, Tan B, Desjardins C et al. · Nutrition journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Impact of socioeconomic factors and birth-related conditions on autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This retrospective hospital-based study evaluated how socioeconomic factors and maternal birth-related conditions relate to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Using multivariable logistic regression in 269 children (185 ASD, 51 DS, 33 ADHD) from King Khalid University Hospital (Riyadh, 2015–2024), maternal medication use during pregnancy (excluding dietary supplements) was associated with increased odds of ASD (OR 4.2, truncated in abstract). The results suggest modifiable prenatal exposures and social/health context factors may contribute to ASD risk and could inform prevention and risk stratification strategies.

Al-Khlaiwi T, Alhakbany M, Aldossary MK et al. · BMC pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cardiotoxicity and Hippo/YAP-TAZ Signaling

Atorvastatin protects cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin toxicity by modulating YAP/TAZ signaling.

This experimental study tested whether atorvastatin protects cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin (DOX) toxicity by modulating Hippo pathway YAP/TAZ signaling. Atorvastatin treatment reduced DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury and altered YAP/TAZ-dependent survival/apoptosis and mitochondrial quality-control programs. These results are clinically relevant because they suggest a repurposing strategy for atorvastatin to mitigate DOX cardiotoxicity via YAP/TAZ signaling modulation.

Lim H, Jin S, Lee CJ et al. · BMB reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Interventional Management of Thromboembolism

Aspiration Thrombectomy for High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism With Life-Threatening Anemia and Active Uterine Bleeding: A Case Report.

This case report described a 48-year-old woman with high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) complicated by life-threatening anemia (hemoglobin 41 g/L) and active uterine bleeding from adenomyosis, where thrombolysis was contraindicated. The authors managed the patient with aspiration thrombectomy after CT pulmonary angiography confirmed bilateral PE with right pulmonary artery main-trunk occlusion and echocardiography showed cardiac involvement. The report is significant because it illustrates an alternative, procedural approach for high-risk PE when standard thrombolytic therapy is unsafe.

Saoudi O, Wang B · The American journal of case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Sleep–Inflammation–Pain in Rehabilitation

Sleep, inflammation, and pain in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a structured integrative review of neurobiological mechanisms and non-pharmacological pain management strategies.

This structured integrative review examined peer-reviewed evidence (2010–2025) on neurobiological mechanisms linking sleep disturbance, inflammation, and pain in the context of musculoskeletal rehabilitation and summarized non-pharmacological pain management strategies. Across 57 included studies, the review synthesized how sleep and inflammatory processes can interact to worsen persistent pain and rehabilitation outcomes. The findings are important for designing rehabilitation programs that target sleep and inflammation to improve pain control without relying solely on medications.

de Freitas EM, Silva A, Esteves AM · Pain management · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Unilateral nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: a case report.

This case report described a 59-year-old Han Chinese man with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) who developed unilateral nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). The diagnosis was confirmed after clinical evaluation and the report linked the acute NAION presentation to the hypoperfusion risk associated with OSAHS. The clinical significance is heightened awareness that OSAHS may be a contributing risk factor for NAION, supporting earlier sleep-disordered breathing assessment in patients with acute optic neuropathy.

Zhang C, Lei Q, Song X et al. · Journal of medical case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sensory impairment, loneliness, and the emergence of physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity: a cross-national cohort study in China, the United States, and England.

This cross-national cohort study assessed whether sensory impairment (vision, hearing, or dual sensory loss) predicts incident physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity (PPC-M) and whether loneliness mediates these associations in 15,022 adults aged ≥45 years from China, the United States, and England. The key finding was that sensory impairments were associated with higher risk of developing PPC-M, with loneliness partly explaining (mediating) these relationships. Clinically, targeting loneliness and sensory deficits may be a modifiable strategy to reduce the emergence of PPC-M during aging.

Pan Y, Bi J, Sun L et al. · International journal for equity in health · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Transposable Elements and Chimeric RNA Biology

The architectural and functional landscape of transposon-derived chimeric RNAs.

This review characterized transposon-derived chimeric RNAs by classifying them into TE-coding gene chimeras, TE-lncRNA chimeras, and TE–TE chimeras and outlining mechanisms of their biogenesis. It proposes four major routes—transcriptional read-through with cis-splicing, promoter hijacking, trans-splicing, and epigenetic regulation of TE loci—and summarizes how these RNAs can remodel gene expression and genomic regulation. The work is significant because it frames how TE-derived chimeras may contribute to normal regulation and disease processes, guiding future mechanistic and functional studies.

Xiang Y, Liang H · RNA biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single cell RNA sequencing and emerging transcriptomic technologies in Alzheimer’s disease cerebral organoids: a mini review.

This mini review described how single-cell and related transcriptomic technologies are being applied to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebral organoids. It focuses on scRNA-seq as a core approach while also covering single-nucleus RNA sequencing, computational deconvolution, and spatial transcriptomics to characterize multicellular organoid states relevant to AD modeling. The significance is that these transcriptomic tools can improve mechanistic interpretation and translational relevance of organoid-based AD studies.

Razak MFA, Tieng FYF · Molecular brain · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

MAKR6 integrates TMK and CAMEL/CANAR signalling for auxin canalization in Arabidopsis.

This study investigated how MAKR6 integrates TMK and CAMEL/CANAR signaling to regulate auxin canalization in Arabidopsis. It found that MAKR6 transcripts accumulate in vascular cells and are regulated by auxin through an Aux/IAA–ARF–WRKY23 transcriptional cascade, and that MAKR6 is required for auxin canalization-dependent processes including leaf venation, vascular regeneration, and de novo channel formation. The work is significant because it identifies MAKR6 as a feedback component linking auxin signaling to the formation of self-organizing transport channels that shape plant vasculature.

Ge Z, Koczka L, Mazur E et al. · Nature plants · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Sex Differences in Neurodegeneration and Peripheral Phenotypes

Skeletal muscle fatigue resistance is differentially affected in 8-month-old male and female hAβ-KI mice.

This preclinical study compared skeletal muscle fatigue resistance in 8-month-old male versus female humanized amyloid-beta knock-in (hAβ-KI) mice, a model of Alzheimer’s disease with age-related cognitive decline and Aβ pathology. The results showed that fatigue resistance was differentially affected by sex in hAβ-KI mice. This is scientifically significant because it links sex-specific peripheral muscle phenotypes to AD-related systemic changes, informing how exercise or rehabilitation interventions might need tailoring.

Copeland EN, Melekh E, Fajardo VA et al. · Physiological reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Parkinson’s disease LRRK2 mutations dysregulate iron homeostasis and promote oxidative stress and ferroptosis in human neurons and astrocytes.

This study examined how Parkinson’s disease LRRK2 mutations affect iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in human neurons and astrocytes. Using cellular models relevant to LRRK2-PD, the authors found that LRRK2 mutation–driven dysregulation promotes oxidative stress and ferroptotic cell death, linking iron dyshomeostasis to neurodegenerative mechanisms. The findings highlight ferroptosis and iron handling as mechanistic targets that may be therapeutically relevant early in LRRK2-associated Parkinson’s disease.

Mamais A, Batchelor RD, Chairmandurai A et al. · Molecular neurodegeneration · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Cancer Signaling Pathways (TGFβ/SMAD and Beyond)

A bioavailable GPX4 inhibitor for ferroptosis induction in vivo and tumor suppression.

The study evaluated KY0418, an orally bioavailable covalent GPX4 inhibitor, for inducing ferroptosis in vivo and suppressing tumors in mouse models. KY0418 selectively targeted GPX4SeCys46 to trigger ferroptosis hallmarks in human and mouse cancer cell lines and produced ferroptotic ultrastructural changes in an acute liver injury model after systemic dosing. These results support KY0418 as a translationally promising ferroptosis inducer for physiological study and potential cancer therapy.

Naowarojna N, Gu X, Pan Z et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Calreticulin and myeloproliferative neoplasms: linking biology to targeted therapies.

This expert review studied how calreticulin (CALR) biology—particularly CALR mutations—drives BCR:ABL1-negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and how this biology can be targeted therapeutically. It links mutant CALR’s effects on thrombopoietin receptor activation and neoepitope generation to rationale for selective immunotherapy, summarizing preclinical and clinical evidence for CALR-directed strategies. The significance is connecting CALR-driven disease mechanisms to emerging targeted treatments for MPN patients.

Krzysztof L, Joanna L · Expert review of clinical immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

MZF1 Inhibits TGFβ-1/SMAD Signaling by Transcriptionally Activating SnoN to Augment Tumorigenic Potential in Colon Cancer.

This study investigated how MZF1 promotes colon cancer tumorigenesis by inhibiting TGFβ-1/SMAD signaling through transcriptional activation of SnoN. Using multi-omics (RNA-seq and CUT&Tag), xenograft models, and epithelial-specific MZF1 knockout mice, the authors found that MZF1 increased SnoN expression, suppressed TGFβ/SMAD signaling, and enhanced proliferation and tumor growth. The findings are clinically relevant because they identify the MZF1–SnoN axis as a potential therapeutic target for modulating TGFβ/SMAD pathway activity in colon cancer.

Sheng S, Huang M, Wang Y et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Metabolic plasticity underlies ferroptosis resistance driven by mutant p53 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

This study tested how mutant p53 drives ferroptosis resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) through metabolic plasticity. Using isogenic pancreatic cancer models including CRISPR-Cas9 TP53 knockout (TP53-KO) and transient p53 perturbation (as described), the authors found that mutant p53 rewires metabolic pathways to reduce susceptibility to ferroptosis, an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation–driven cell death. Clinically, targeting the metabolic adaptations that confer mutant p53–mediated ferroptosis resistance could improve therapeutic strategies for PDAC.

Celesia A, Piccoli F, Wang T et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Periplocin targets low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 and protects against osteoarthritis.

This preclinical study investigated the natural product periplocin (a cardiotonic steroid from Periploca forrestii) in osteoarthritis (OA) by testing its effects on chondrocyte metabolism and OA-related pathology. Periplocin was identified from a natural product library as promoting chondrocyte anabolism and was reported to target low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) while protecting against OA progression (details truncated in abstract). By defining LRP4 as a mechanistic target, the work supports periplocin as a candidate disease-modifying OA therapeutic and provides a pathway for further translational development.

Liu J, Fu Q, Li C et al. · Cellular & molecular biology letters · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Combination of oral fluoropyrimidines and EGFR-directed antibodies in frail patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

This systematic review studied evidence for combining oral fluoropyrimidines (capecitabine, S-1, or trifluridine/tipiracil) with EGFR-directed monoclonal antibodies (panitumumab or cetuximab) in RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), particularly in frail patients across treatment lines. It found that available phase II/III data were limited and that the review specifically evaluated oral FP–EGFR antibody combinations as alternatives to dose-reduced doublets or oral fluoropyrimidines with bevacizumab. The clinical significance is that it clarifies the evidence base for treatment selection in frail RAS WT mCRC patients where tolerability constraints limit standard combination chemotherapy.

Hasenburg AA, Stintzing S, Stahler A · Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Dental Implant Biomechanics

Premature Occlusal Contacts Induce MRONJ in Osseointegrated Dental Implants: An Experimental In Vivo Study.

This experimental in vivo study created a premature occlusal contact (POC) mouse implant model to test whether occlusal trauma induces medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) around osseointegrated dental implants. In mice receiving immediate implant placement after maxillary first molar extraction, POC was used to evaluate effects on MRONJ development around implants. The study is significant because it clarifies whether mechanical overload contributes to implant-associated MRONJ (IPTO), informing preventive strategies in patients receiving antiresorptive agents.

Bae EB, Goswami A, Yaung J et al. · Clinical oral implants research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Cancer Tumor Microenvironment, Immune Evasion, and Stromal Checkpoints

Propionate promotes MHC class I antigen presentation and anti-tumor immunity.

The study investigated whether the short-chain fatty acid propionate enhances tumor antigen presentation and anti-tumor immunity in cancer models, focusing on MHC class I regulation in tumor cells and CD8+ T cell responses. Propionate stabilized MHC class I on tumor cells and increased CD8+ T cell infiltration/activation while suppressing tumor growth, mechanistically by binding the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 and promoting K168/K170 polyubiquitination and degradation of HLA-A. This identifies a microbiota-derived metabolite pathway that could potentially augment immune checkpoint therapy by improving MHC-I antigen presentation.

Li S, Guo D, Yang Q et al. · Cell metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

CREBBP loss drives immune evasion by epigenetically silencing STING and MHC-I in small cell lung cancer.

The study examined how CREBBP loss drives immune evasion in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by epigenetically silencing STING and MHC-I, using Rb1/Trp53-driven autochthonous mouse models and syngeneic SCLC systems. Crebbp deletion reduced histone H3 acetylation at STING and MHC-I loci, suppressing their expression and promoting an immune-cold, immunotherapy-resistant phenotype, while HDAC inhibition restored acetylation and reactivated these genes. This identifies CREBBP/HDAC-dependent epigenetic control of innate sensing and antigen presentation as a therapeutic vulnerability in SCLC.

Gao Q, Wei K, Pan D et al. · Science advances · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Newly diagnosed and relapsed follicular lymphoma: EHA Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

This article provides European Hematology Association (EHA) clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of newly diagnosed and relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL) in the typical European FL patient population (median diagnosis age ~60–65 years). It emphasizes that adequate biopsy with specialized hematopathology and staging/prognosis using PET-CT and validated clinical prognostic scores should guide management, with localized disease treated with radiotherapy ± rituximab and disseminated disease managed with active surveillance or systemic therapy. The guideline standardizes evidence-based care pathways to reduce variability and improve outcomes in a heterogeneous, long-survival lymphoma subtype.

Ladetto M, Bolaños N, Bouguet G et al. · HemaSphere · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Study protocol of a prospective, non-interventional cohort study evaluating the benefits of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving first-line atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (NISTIPS TRITICC-4, IKF092).

This study protocol describes a prospective, non-interventional cohort evaluating whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) benefits patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving first-line atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (NISTIPS TRITICC-4, IKF092). It targets how transjugular shunting may mitigate clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH)–related complications that can limit continuation of immunotherapy plus anti-VEGF treatment, given bevacizumab’s bleeding risk. The scientific significance is generating real-world evidence on whether adding TIPS improves treatment feasibility and outcomes in immunotherapy-based HCC care.

Angendohr C, Weigel C, Kunstein A et al. · Future oncology (London, England) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment by the Single Cell Profile in Endometrial Cancer of no Specific Molecular Profile (NSMP) Subtype.

This multi-omics study characterized the tumor microenvironment (TME) in endometrial cancer (EC) of no specific molecular profile (NSMP) subtype using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and multiplex immunohistochemistry. It found reduced immune infiltration with increased immune-suppressive populations (including SPP1+ macrophages and regulatory T cells) and identified primary tumors with more epithelial clusters showing high stemness scores prior to recurrence. These findings are significant because they suggest immune evasion and stemness-associated programs may underlie relapse in NSMP EC and could inform risk stratification and targeted therapies.

Yuan X, Zhai Z, Jing C et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Nanoengineered STING agonists for cancer therapy: toward immunodynamic control.

This review summarized the development of nanoengineered STING agonists for cancer therapy, focusing on how cGAS–STING pathway activation translates into antitumor immune effects. It argues that therapeutic benefit depends not only on pathway engagement but also on where, in which cells, at what amplitude, and for how long STING is activated, and it discusses barriers such as route of administration and species differences. The significance is that it guides rational design of next-generation STING agonists to improve clinical efficacy beyond interferon-pathway activation alone.

Liu N, Wang X, Zhang W et al. · Journal of hematology & oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Severe perioperative immune-related adverse events requiring intensive care in patients with gastric cancer: a case series.

This case series reported severe perioperative immune-related adverse events (irAEs) requiring intensive care in patients with gastric cancer treated in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors. It described multiple perioperative cases (with individual patient details such as a 46-year-old Japanese woman undergoing laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy after S-1 and oxaliplatin, with truncation limiting further specifics) and highlighted the spectrum and severity of irAEs. Clinically, it underscores the need for perioperative vigilance and ICU-level preparedness when managing gastric cancer patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor–based strategies.

Hadatsuki H, Takuwa M, Takenaka Y et al. · Journal of medical case reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Ribosome biogenesis and selective translational control as oncogenic vulnerabilities in hematologic malignancies.

This review article analyzed how ribosome biogenesis and selective translational control create oncogenic vulnerabilities in hematologic malignancies. It synthesizes evidence that pathways such as MYC and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, along with tyrosine kinase fusions, reprogram translation initiation (e.g., eIF4F) and stress responses to preferentially produce pro-survival, proliferative, and stemness proteins. The scientific significance is that translation machinery and ribosome production may represent druggable targets for therapeutic intervention in blood cancers.

Coelho-Silva JL, Machado-Neto JA · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Epigenetic modulation of NKG2D ligands enhances NKG2D-CAR T cell efficacy in neuroblastoma.

This study investigated whether epigenetic modulation can enhance neuroblastoma sensitivity to NKG2D-CAR T cells by increasing NKG2D ligand expression. In neuroblastoma models where tumor cells downregulate NKG2D ligands to evade immune killing, the authors report that altering epigenetic regulation restores or increases NKG2D ligand availability and thereby improves CAR T efficacy. The work supports combining epigenetic therapies with NKG2D-CAR T approaches as a strategy to overcome immune evasion in high-risk pediatric neuroblastoma.

Navarro-Zapata A, De Santisteban MO, Regojo-Zapata RM et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

P4HA1⁺ collagen-modifying fibroblasts are associated with pro-tumor niches and therapeutic vulnerabilities in colorectal cancer.

This study investigated how P4HA1-positive collagen-modifying cancer-associated fibroblasts (P4HA1+ CAFs) shape pro-tumor niches and therapeutic vulnerabilities in colorectal cancer using single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and bulk transcriptomic integration. It identified spatially organized CAF subpopulations that coordinate extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and immune suppression, linking P4HA1+ CAF states to specific treatment vulnerabilities. Scientifically, it highlights a stromal targetable niche program in CRC, potentially enabling more precise combination therapies that exploit CAF-dependent weaknesses.

Gui K, Chen Y, Du Q et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Spatial multi-omics analyses of the tumor immune microenvironment: advances and novel therapeutic avenues.

This review summarized advances in spatial multi-omics technologies—especially spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—for characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). It highlighted how spatial profiling enables mapping of immune cell distributions and reconstruction of intercellular communication networks to reveal therapeutic vulnerabilities. The scientific significance is that spatially resolved TIME models can better explain treatment response heterogeneity and guide novel immunotherapy and combination strategies.

Wang H, Zhu Y, Fang M et al. · Molecular cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal that THBS1 induces radiation resistance in TNBC through the interaction between myCAF and TOPBP1⁺ tumor cells.

This study used single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to determine how THBS1 promotes radiation resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) via interactions between myCAF and TOPBP1-positive tumor cells. It identified TOPBP1+ epithelial tumor cells (TOPBP1+ E.T. cells) linked to poor prognosis and showed that myCAF signaling through THBS1 supports radiation-resistant phenotypes in TOPBP1+ tumor cells. The work is significant because it pinpoints a specific stromal–tumor communication axis (THBS1–myCAF to TOPBP1+ cells) that could be targeted to overcome radiotherapy resistance in TNBC.

Liu F, Xu X, Tong W et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Cancer metastasis: biological mechanisms, therapeutic bottlenecks, and emerging interventions.

This 2026 review synthesized current knowledge on cancer metastasis, focusing on biological mechanisms, stage-specific therapeutic bottlenecks, and emerging interventions. It emphasizes that metastatic dissemination and colonization involve distinct adaptive programs and microenvironmental pressures that limit durable control with existing therapies. The significance is that it frames actionable vulnerabilities across the metastatic cascade to inform next-generation therapeutic development and combination strategies.

Ye H, Wei Y, He X et al. · Journal of hematology & oncology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ADAM12 in a stromal-checkpoint framework: integrating tumor microenvironment remodeling and therapy resistance in solid tumors.

This Review studied how the tumor microenvironment (TME) remodels therapeutic vulnerability in solid tumors, focusing on the stromal checkpoint role of the extracellular-matrix protease ADAM12. It reports that ADAM12-high or ADAM12-positive tumor–stroma states associate with collagen-rich desmoplasia, mechanotransduction, hypoxia/lactate-associated acidosis, and immune-excluded spatial organization that collectively drive therapy resistance. Clinically, framing ADAM12 within a stromal-checkpoint network supports ADAM12 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to overcome TME-driven resistance.

Liu S, Xu J, Zhang H et al. · Cell communication and signaling : CCS · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Pan-cancer analysis identifies KPNA7 as a prognostic and immune-related biomarker with functional relevance in gastric cancer.

This pan-cancer study analyzed KPNA7 expression and its prognostic and immune associations in gastric cancer using TCGA datasets and survival/immune-correlation analyses. High KPNA7 expression was linked to worse outcomes and correlated with immune features including immune-cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), with additional evidence for functional relevance and associations with anticancer drug sensitivity. These findings position KPNA7 as a clinically actionable prognostic and immune-related biomarker in gastric cancer and motivate mechanistic validation of KPNA7-driven tumor biology.

Chen X, Yue A, Wei H et al. · BMC cancer · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Lineage plasticity-driven immunometabolic state transitions in advanced prostate cancer: biomarkers and therapeutic stratification.

This review studied how lineage plasticity in advanced prostate cancer drives immunometabolic state transitions under therapeutic pressure. It found that androgen-receptor (AR) pathway inhibition, chemotherapy, DNA-damage-directed therapy, and radioligand treatment select resistant clones while shifting lineage identity and altering antigen presentation and metastatic niches, motivating a framework that treats AR-high/AR-low/double-negative/amphicrine and treatment-emergent neuroendocrine phenotypes as evolving immunometabolic states. The significance lies in enabling biomarker-driven therapeutic stratification that targets the dynamic immune-metabolic vulnerabilities created by treatment.

Wu H, Zhang W, Yan X et al. · Seminars in immunopathology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Neuroinflammation and Immunotherapy in ALS/Autoimmunity

Ianalumab for the Treatment of Patients with Sjögren’s Disease.

The study tested ianalumab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody that depletes B cells via ADCC and blocks BAFF receptor signaling, in two 52-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials in patients with active Sjögren’s disease. Ianalumab improved outcomes compared with placebo (details truncated in the abstract), consistent with its dual B-cell targeting mechanism. These trial results support ianalumab as a potential targeted therapy for a disease lacking approved targeted treatments.

Mariette X, Grader-Beck T, Finzel S et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Capsaicin suppresses microglial inflammation through TRPV1-SSR4 interaction.

This translational neurodegeneration study investigated how capsaicin suppresses microglial inflammation via a protein-protein interaction between TRPV1 and SSR4. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation models (details truncated in the abstract), the authors tested whether TRPV1 activation by capsaicin reduces inflammatory responses and whether TRPV1–SSR4 interaction is required for the anti-inflammatory effect. The significance is mechanistic: it identifies a potential TRPV1–SSR4 axis through which capsaicin-like signaling could modulate microglial-driven neuroinflammation relevant to diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

Hou Y, Wang S, Yang Y et al. · Translational neurodegeneration · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

ABCD-Trial: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for the evaluation of efficacy and safety of B-Cell Depletion with rituximab (ABCD).

This study protocol will evaluate safety and efficacy of B-cell depletion with rituximab in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ABCD-Trial). The trial targets CD20+ antibody-producing B-cells in the cerebrospinal fluid to address suspected neuroinflammation and autoantibody-related mechanisms in ALS. If successful, rituximab could become a clinically actionable immunomodulatory therapy for ALS with a clear mechanistic rationale centered on B-cell biology.

Ufer F, Rössling R, Spottke A et al. · Trials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Dupilumab efficacy in children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and clinical characteristics of early super-responders.

This prospective study evaluated dupilumab efficacy in children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and analyzed clinical features of early super-responders. The key finding was that dupilumab given subcutaneously every 4 weeks produced measurable improvements over baseline through week 4, week 12, and week 16, and that specific baseline/early response characteristics distinguished early super-responders. Scientifically and clinically, the work supports early identification of children likely to benefit most from dupilumab and informs pediatric treatment optimization.

Ma L, Wei M, Mou W et al. · BMC pediatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Neurological manifestations and vasculopathy in PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID): a case series.

This case series studied neurological manifestations and vasculopathy in three patients with PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID), all carrying de novo PLCG2 pathogenic variants. The key finding was the observation of multi-system inflammation with neurological involvement and vascular anomalies, including cerebral vascular tortuosity, expanding the recognized clinical spectrum of APLAID. Clinically, the report highlights that vasculopathy and neuroinflammation should be actively considered in APLAID patients to support earlier diagnosis and management.

Asna Ashari K, MacRae R, Hoytema van Konijnenburg DP et al. · Pediatric rheumatology online journal · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Targeting neuronal FKBP5 attenuates mechanical allodynia by suppressing NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation in an NTG-induced chronic migraine mouse model.

This preclinical study tested whether targeting neuronal FKBP5 can treat chronic migraine by reducing neuroinflammation in an NTG-induced chronic migraine mouse model. In trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) tissue, the authors used RNA-seq plus RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence to validate targets, and reported that FKBP5 targeting attenuated mechanical allodynia by suppressing NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammation (details truncated in abstract). These results support FKBP5 as a mechanistic therapeutic target for chronic migraine and provide a rationale for developing FKBP5-directed neuroinflammatory interventions.

Peng C, Fan T, Zhou G et al. · The journal of headache and pain · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review.

This comprehensive narrative review synthesized evidence on otorhinolaryngological (ENT) manifestations that can be early indicators of systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Drawing on literature from 1983 to 2026 across major databases, it focused on ENT symptom patterns, how to differentiate systemic disease presentations from isolated ENT disorders, and multidisciplinary management implications. Clinically, the review emphasizes that recognizing ENT red flags can reduce diagnostic delays and improve outcomes in patients with underlying systemic inflammatory conditions.

Bayar Muluk N, Cingi C · Immunologic research · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

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Remyelination Barriers and Glial Repair Mechanisms

Astrocytic Ketogenesis Protects Central Nervous System Injury via CPT1A Stabilization and Epigenetic Regulation.

The study investigated how reactive astrocytes respond metabolically after spinal cord injury (SCI) and whether ketogenesis protects the CNS via carnitine-palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A) regulation, using integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics plus mechanistic experiments including astrocyte-specific Cpt1a deletion. It found that a subset of astrocytes undergo lipid/ketone reprogramming after SCI, where β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) inhibits autophagic degradation of CPT1A through P300-mediated lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation, and that astrocyte Cpt1a loss impairs wound healing, reduces axonal sparing, and worsens locomotor recovery. These findings link ketone metabolism to epigenetic control of CPT1A and identify a potential therapeutic axis to enhance CNS repair after injury.

Pan D, Shu H, Gao R et al. · Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Aging-enhanced accumulation of fibroblasts excludes oligodendrocytes in demyelinated lesions.

This study examined how fibroblast accumulation affects oligodendrocyte repair in demyelinated spinal cord white matter lesions in young mice (6–10 week old) after lysolecithin-induced demyelination. Using immunofluorescence microscopy with fibroblast markers (including PDGFRβ, collagen type 1α1, α-smooth muscle actin, periostin, and fibronectin), the authors found that fibroblasts accumulate in lesions and exclude oligodendrocytes, with aging-enhanced effects. These findings suggest that fibroblast dysregulation may be a key barrier to remyelination and a potential therapeutic target to improve oligodendrocyte recovery in aging-related demyelinating disease.

Lozinski BM, Melchor GS, D’Mello C et al. · Journal of neuroinflammation · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

H3K9me3 inhibition reverses Alzheimer’s progression by restoring synaptic and immune proteostasis across the brain-retina axis.

This translational preclinical study investigated whether inhibiting the epigenetic repressive mark H3K9me3 can reverse Alzheimer’s disease progression across the brain-retina axis. Using post-mortem human retinas and brains spanning normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia, the authors characterized H3K9me3 and tested ETP69, an inhibitor with activity against SUV39H1 and other methyltransferases, in two transgenic AD mouse models (APPswe/PS1dE9 and APPswe/tauP301; details truncated). By linking H3K9me3 inhibition to restored synaptic and immune proteostasis, the work suggests a potential epigenetic therapeutic strategy for slowing AD-related neurodegeneration and retinal pathology.

Fuchs DT, Vit JP, Rentsendorj A et al. · Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Exercise, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Immune Polarization

Cold activates a BH2 metabolic network promoting longevity and proteostasis.

This work studied how moderately cold temperature extends lifespan and improves proteostasis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, focusing on a metabolite-driven signaling network involving the biopterin pathway. The key finding was that cold upregulates the biopterin-synthesis enzyme CAT-4 (GCH1 in humans), increasing dihydrobiopterin (BH2) production in muscle, which is transported to distal tissues where it is converted to tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) by the salvage enzyme DHFR-1, thereby enhancing longevity and proteostasis. Scientifically, it links environmental temperature to specific gene-controlled metabolite signaling (CAT-4/GCH1 and DHFR-1), suggesting potential targets for therapies aimed at proteostasis and age-related decline.

Lee HJ, Doğan C, Koyuncu S et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

GRP75-dependent SIMPA mediates inter-organellar quality control.

This study investigated how proteostatic stress triggers inter-organellar quality control, identifying a GRP75-dependent mechanism involving SIMPA in cells under mitochondrial protein damage. The key finding was that damaged mitochondrial proteins are sequestered into stress-induced mitochondrial protein aggregates (SIMPA), which then activate coordinated quality control pathways across organelles in a GRP75-dependent manner. The significance is that it defines a mechanistic bridge for how mitochondrial proteotoxic stress is communicated to broader cellular surveillance systems, informing strategies to mitigate proteostasis failure.

Yu F, Jiang L, Liu H et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A futile Na+ K+ transport cycle augments energy expenditure in beige adipocytes.

This study examined mechanisms of UCP1-independent thermogenesis in beige adipocytes by testing whether a futile Na+/K+ transport cycle contributes to energy expenditure in mouse and human cells. The key finding was that cold exposure preferentially amplifies a futile Na+/K+ transport cycle in beige adipocytes, driven by a sympathetic–thyroid hormone signaling axis that induces the Na+/K+-ATPase subunit ATP1A2 together with Na+ and K+ channels, increasing bidirectional ion flux while maintaining ionic balance. The significance is that it identifies an alternative, UCP1-independent pathway for regulating energy expenditure that could be leveraged for metabolic disease interventions.

Liu Q, Cheng Y, Yan D et al. · Nature metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Microbiota-Taurine Pathway Links Dietary Fiber to Mucosal Healing.

The study examined how dietary alginate fiber modulates microbiota-dependent epithelial repair in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine colitis and tested relevance to ulcerative colitis (UC). Alginate promoted colitis recovery by engaging a microbiota–taurine pathway that improved survival, reduced inflammation, restored barrier function, and supported epithelial regeneration, with metabolite profiling by CE-TOFMS and epithelial program analysis by RNA-seq. These findings suggest that targeting the microbiota–taurine axis could be a therapeutic strategy to enhance mucosal healing in UC.

Odakura R, Seki N, Nomura K et al. · Gastroenterology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Retatrutide Once Weekly for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

The study evaluated retatrutide, a once-weekly triple agonist of GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptors, for treatment of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in two phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Adults with OSA with or without type 2 diabetes received retatrutide (4, 9, or 12 mg) or placebo, and the primary endpoint was change in apnea-hypopnea index (details truncated in the abstract). If effective, retatrutide could offer a pharmacologic option to reduce OSA severity, potentially leveraging metabolic and weight-related mechanisms.

Grunstein RR, Somers VK, Azarbarzin A et al. · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Oral Versus Injectable Incretin-Based Anti-Obesity Therapies: An Integrated Computational and Evidence-Based Comparison of Orforglipron, Semaglutide, and Tirzepatide.

This integrated computational and evidence-based comparison studied oral orforglipron versus injectable incretin-based anti-obesity therapies semaglutide and tirzepatide, synthesizing clinical trial evidence including the head-to-head SURMOUNT-5 trial and additional network/pathway analyses. It found that tirzepatide produced significantly greater weight loss than semaglutide under randomized comparisons, with the integrated framework used to evaluate molecular descriptors and drug-target-disease network features across weighting schemes. The significance is a structured, multi-evidence ranking approach to support comparative effectiveness decisions among major obesity pharmacotherapies.

Sahu L, Nayak L, Tripathy A et al. · Omics : a journal of integrative biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Original W’-balance models do not transfer to high-intensity interval training in trained adult runners: Proposal of a single-coefficient linear alternative.

This study evaluated whether four published W’-balance recovery models (Morton and Billat linear, W’BAL-INT, W’BAL-ODE, W’BAL-CAEN) and a proposed single-coefficient modified linear model (Linear_mod) can predict high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performance in 27 trained adult runners. Using a 9/3-min running critical power (CP) test and two open-ended HIIT sessions at 108% CP with passive recovery and individualized work set to 40% or 60% of W’ above CP, the original W’-balance models did not transfer to HIIT performance, whereas the Linear_mod was proposed as an alternative. These findings matter for sports physiology because they suggest that W’ recovery modeling may need re-parameterization or simplification to accurately forecast interval performance in trained runners.

García-Pinillos F, Jaén-Carrillo D, Riquelme-Sebastián L et al. · Physiological reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Aerobic exercise modulates macrophage polarization and promotes cardiac recovery after myocardial infarction in rats.

This animal study tested whether aerobic exercise modulates macrophage polarization and improves cardiac recovery after myocardial infarction in rats. In a left anterior descending coronary artery ligation model followed by 8 weeks of aerobic training, the exercise regimen improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial injury while shifting macrophage polarization toward a more reparative phenotype. The results support aerobic exercise as a potential non-pharmacologic strategy to enhance post-MI remodeling by reprogramming immune cell states.

Zhu M, Zhou B, Peng J et al. · Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

HAMA microneedles patch loaded with muscle-targeting engineered apoptotic vesicles and attenuating sarcopenia by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis.

This preclinical study developed a HAMA microneedle patch delivering human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived engineered apoptotic vesicles to treat sarcopenia by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. The therapy attenuated sarcopenia by improving mitochondrial function and reducing mitochondrial dysfunction-associated oxidative stress and related muscle aging pathways. The approach is significant because targeted, stable vesicle delivery via microneedles could translate into a minimally invasive strategy for restoring skeletal muscle performance in aging.

Zhang J, Lin Z, Ding H et al. · Journal of nanobiotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Clinical similarity, economic divergence: cost-effectiveness and population health implications of dietary, pharmacological, and exercise interventions in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

This secondary analysis of the CEV-65 randomized controlled trial studied cost-effectiveness and population health implications of a Mediterranean diet (VegMedD), the pharmacological agent empagliflozin, and circuit resistance training in 100 older adults with type 2 diabetes. The key finding was that interventions with similar clinical similarity could diverge economically, with differential cost-effectiveness and health-system implications across dietary, pharmacological, and exercise strategies. Clinically and policy-relevant, the results inform how value is allocated for diabetes care in older adults by combining clinical outcomes with economic impact.

Gonen LD, Buch A, Eldor R et al. · BMC geriatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effect of aerobic and Pilates exercise on balance, gait, functional capacity, lower extremity strength, fear of falling, sleep quality, and quality of life in older adults.

This randomized study compared aerobic exercise versus Pilates in adults aged 60–69 years, assessing balance, gait, functional capacity, lower-extremity strength, fear of falling, sleep quality, and quality of life. Participants (n=44) were assigned to aerobic (n=22) or Pilates (n=22) training three sessions per week, and the trial was designed to determine which modality produced greater improvements across these geriatric outcomes. If Pilates or aerobic training shows superior effects, the findings would directly guide evidence-based exercise prescription to reduce fall risk and improve functional and psychosocial health in older adults.

Abdullah, Mathiyakom W, Asai T et al. · BMC geriatrics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Biomarkers and Omics for Diagnosis/Prognosis (Proteomics/EVs/Proteomic Atlases)

Nomogram construction and validation for hypoalbuminemia after total hip arthroplasty in patients with hip fractures.

This retrospective study analyzed 688 hip-fracture patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) at The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (2021–2025) to identify risk factors for postoperative hypoalbuminemia and build a predictive nomogram. The key finding was the development and validation of a risk prediction nomogram distinguishing patients who developed hypoalbuminemia after THA (n=209) versus those with normal albumin (n=479), based on clinical variables collected perioperatively. Clinically, the nomogram can support early identification of high-risk patients for targeted nutritional and perioperative management to reduce hypoalbuminemia-related complications after THA.

Jia X, Jiang Y, Wang W et al. · BMC musculoskeletal disorders · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

A single-cell atlas of human neutrophils reveals neutrophil heterogeneity across health and disease.

This study constructed a single-cell atlas of human neutrophils (SCAHN) by integrating transcriptomic data from ~1 million neutrophils across 781 samples and 43 datasets to map neutrophil heterogeneity across health and disease. The key finding was identification of multiple functionally distinct neutrophil subsets with robust, condition-specific changes in gene expression and subset proportions across infection, cancer, immune suppression, and sex differences, with cross-species mapping revealing conserved and species-specific features. Scientifically, the atlas provides a high-resolution reference for interpreting neutrophil states and for designing or stratifying therapies targeting neutrophil-driven disease processes.

Zheng H, Maestri E, Moore AR et al. · Nature immunology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Global and regional burden of measles and vaccine coverage among children under 5 years, 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease Study.

This Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2023) analysis quantified measles incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and vaccine coverage (MCV1 and MCV2) among children under 5 years across 204 countries and territories from 1990–2023. The key finding was that measles burden declined substantially from 1990 to 2019 (global incidence and mortality decreased by ~80% and ~90%, respectively) but vaccine coverage stagnation raised concern for resurgence. Public-health significance lies in providing country-level evidence to prioritize catch-up vaccination and sustain MCV1/MCV2 coverage to prevent measles resurgence in young children.

Nature medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Global, regional and national burden of pertussis in 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease study.

This GBD 2023 study assessed global, regional, and national pertussis incidence, mortality, and DALYs from 1990–2023 across 204 countries and territories. The key finding was a long-term decline in age-standardized pertussis mortality (down 61.2%) and incidence (down 41.6%) despite pandemic-era fluctuations, with a rebound in incidence and mortality after the anomalously low pandemic estimates. The results support ongoing immunization and surveillance efforts, especially for protecting infants who remain at highest risk of pertussis-related death.

Mosser JF, Liu J · Nature medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Circulating Immune and Cancer Driver Gene Biomarkers Precede Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by over 10 yr.

This case-cohort study within EPIC evaluated whether circulating immune and cancer driver gene protein biomarkers measured at baseline predict prostate cancer diagnosis more than 10 years later, using SomaScan 7k proteomics in 982 incident cases and 1573 subcohort participants. The key finding was that specific circulating biomarkers reflecting immune activity and cancer driver gene pathways were associated with incident overall and aggressive prostate cancer, and these associations were supported in ARIC and by Mendelian randomization. Clinically, the work suggests a route to long-term risk stratification and earlier detection strategies for prostate cancer using blood-based protein biomarkers.

Huang Z, Parsaeian M, Viallon V et al. · European urology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Proteomic atlas of T cell exhaustion defines proteostatic collapse.

The study constructed a multi-omic proteomic atlas of T cell exhaustion by integrating transcriptomics, quantitative proteomics, turnover proteomics, and ubiquitin proteomics. It identified proteostatic collapse features, including widespread changes in metabolism and DNA repair and major shifts in the ubiquitin–proteasome system, where differential E3 ubiquitin ligase expression correlated with responses to immunotherapy. This provides mechanistic biomarkers and targets for improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies by countering exhaustion-associated proteostasis failure.

Shuttleworth SL, Bauer MA, Province DW et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Helicobacter pylori Infection - Advances, Challenges, and the Road Ahead.

This review summarized advances and ongoing challenges in Helicobacter pylori research, including prevention and treatment strategies and the global burden of infection. It highlighted key milestones in understanding pathogenesis and emphasized the lack of an effective H. pylori vaccine and increasing antibiotic resistance as major barriers, while also discussing screening strategies for primary prevention of gastric cancer. The synthesis informs future clinical trial priorities and public health approaches to reduce H. pylori–associated disease.

Li H, Megraud F, Marshall BJ · The New England journal of medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Serum β-synuclein predicts dementia conversion and mortality beyond amyloid-β and phospho-tau.

The study assessed whether serum β-synuclein predicts dementia conversion and mortality beyond established CSF amyloid-β (Aβ42/Aβ40) and tau (pTau181) biomarkers in 259 non-demented individuals with subjective or mild cognitive impairment from a memory clinic. Serum β-synuclein provided additional prognostic information for conversion and death across biomarker-defined groups, independent of amyloid and tau status (as described in the abstract). This supports serum β-synuclein as a potentially useful, blood-based prognostic biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease progression.

Oberstein TJ, Schwarz J, Rudtke L et al. · Brain : a journal of neurology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Evidence-based management of kawasaki disease in the emergency department.

This review studied evidence-based emergency department management of Kawasaki disease in children, focusing on diagnostic criteria, recognition of complete versus incomplete presentations, and acute treatment to prevent cardiac complications. It concludes that clinicians should consider Kawasaki disease in pediatric patients with prolonged fever and promptly evaluate and treat to reduce the risk of coronary artery aneurysms and sudden cardiac death. The clinical significance is improved early identification and standardized ED management to prevent long-term cardiovascular sequelae.

Lee A, Seaton KK · Pediatric emergency medicine practice · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Diagnostic Performance of Urinary Clusterin for Early Detection of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Analysis.

This case-control study evaluated urinary clusterin as a biomarker for early detection and prognostication of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), enrolling 50 children with T1DM (duration ≥5 years) and 40 healthy controls. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure urinary clusterin (along with BMI, HbA1c, and lipid profiles), it assessed whether clusterin performance could identify early DKD risk in this pediatric population. If validated, urinary clusterin could enable earlier DKD screening and risk stratification in children with T1DM, where data have been limited.

Hasan MAT, Fahmey SS, Ewas HK · Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Mixed Presentation of Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State and Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Pediatric Patient: a Case Report and Literature Review.

This case report and literature review studied a pediatric “mixed hyperglycemic crisis” presenting with both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) in a 16-year-old girl with myelomeningocele, neurogenic bladder, obesity, and insulin resistance. The patient had self-discontinued metformin, atorvastatin, and allopurinol and presented with sudden neurological deterioration, highlighting that mixed DKA/HHS is rare, often misclassified as isolated DKA, and carries higher complication risk. The significance is clinical awareness to prompt correct diagnosis and management of this potentially fatal metabolic emergency in children with complex comorbidities.

Ordoñez-González I, García-Couturier R, Gómez Pérez AP et al. · Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Long-term outcome of stenting for the iliac vein stenosis with ipsilateral arterio-venous graft; a case series.

This single-center retrospective case series studied the etiology and outcomes of using bare metal stents (BMS) to treat iliac vein stenosis/central venous stenosis in hemodialysis patients with ipsilateral lower-extremity arteriovenous grafts (AVG). Across 11 patients (7 females, 4 males) treated between April 2016 and June 2021, the study recorded technical success, adverse events, imaging findings, and clinical outcomes after BMS placement. The clinical significance is informing procedural choice and expected outcomes for central venous stenosis management in dialysis patients with ipsilateral AVG access.

Shi Y, Bao X, Fu X et al. · Renal failure · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Finerenone versus Steroidal MRAs in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease without Prior Heart Failure.

This retrospective multi-center observational study on the TriNetX platform compared finerenone with steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) spironolactone and eplerenone in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) without prior heart failure. Among patients initiating MRAs after receiving an SGLT2 inhibitor as first-line therapy, the study aimed to evaluate comparative outcomes in a real-world population lacking prior heart failure and ischemic heart disease. The significance is that it provides comparative effectiveness evidence for finerenone versus steroidal MRAs in a high-risk CKD/T2D group where direct head-to-head trial data are limited.

Kishimori T, Kato T, Iwasaki Y et al. · ESC heart failure · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Direction-specific biomarker profiles and clinical significance of plasma p-tau217/amyloid PET discordance in cognitively normal adults.

This study analyzed cognitively normal adults from the Chinese Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Study (CPAS; n=594) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; n=475) to determine the clinical meaning of direction-specific discordance between plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau217) and amyloid PET. Using Centiloid ≥20 for amyloid PET positivity and PET-anchored p-tau217 cutoffs (≥0.90 specificity), linear models assessed cross-sectional biomarker relationships across p-tau/PET discordant groups. The significance is that it clarifies how the direction of p-tau217–amyloid PET mismatch relates to Alzheimer’s disease biology and risk stratification in preclinical populations.

Huang Y, Huang L, Cui L et al. · Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Randomised, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety and efficacy of Enterosgel® in the treatment of functional abdominal pain in children and young people (ENTOPIC): study protocol for a clinical trial.

This randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial protocol (ENTOPIC) will assess the safety and efficacy of Enterosgel® for functional abdominal pain disorders in children and young people. The study is designed around the microbiota-gut-brain axis concept underlying functional abdominal pain, testing whether the enterosorbent can improve outcomes compared with placebo. If effective, Enterosgel® could provide a low-risk, mechanism-informed treatment option for pediatric functional abdominal pain.

Howell CA, Nair MV, Auth MK et al. · Trials · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Profiling protein post-translational modifications in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles as fingerprints for breast cancer subtypes.

This study profiled post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation) in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles to distinguish breast cancer subtypes. Using 101 plasma samples from luminal A/B, triple-negative breast cancer, and healthy individuals with extracellular vesicle analysis by mass spectrometry (disco/related workflow as described), the authors generated “fingerprints” based on modified proteins. The approach could enable non-invasive molecular stratification of breast cancer subtypes and improve patient selection for targeted therapies.

Hadisurya M, Aguilar HA, Chen IH et al. · Genome biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Interpretable machine learning model for brain metastasis in breast cancer: a large-scale, multi-center study.

This retrospective, multi-center study analyzed 186,351 primary breast cancer patients from SEER, the National Cancer Database, and a Chinese cohort to develop an interpretable machine-learning model predicting brain metastasis risk. The model used demographic, clinicopathological, biomarker, and treatment variables to generate stable, high-performance risk stratification for identifying high-risk patients. Clinically, it provides a more actionable early-warning tool for brain metastasis in breast cancer and supports prospective validation for guiding surveillance and treatment decisions.

Yuan Q, Sha Y, Yu R et al. · Journal of translational medicine · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Comparative validation and local adaptation of gastric cancer risk assessment models in a large multicenter endoscopic screening cohort in China.

This large multicenter endoscopic screening cohort study evaluated and locally adapted gastric cancer risk assessment models in 144,329 participants in Zhejiang Province, China. Models were developed using the 2022 screened group and compared/validated against cohorts screened in 2023–2024, enabling a China-specific screening approach for gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. The work is significant for improving early detection strategies by tailoring existing risk tools to local population characteristics and endoscopic screening workflows.

Li X, Chen Y, Zhu J et al. · BMC medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Real-world epidemiology and renal outcomes of ADPKD in Türkiye: the PKD-TURK cohort.

This retrospective multicenter cohort study examined real-world epidemiology and renal outcomes of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in adult patients across six regions of Türkiye using serial eGFR and Cox regression. The key finding was the characterization of ADPKD prevalence and longitudinal renal trajectories in this underrepresented population (2010–2025), identifying factors associated with renal outcomes based on repeated eGFR measurements. Scientifically and clinically, the PKD-TURK cohort provides population-specific evidence to inform prognosis and risk stratification for ADPKD patients in Türkiye.

Deger SM, Eren N, Kocak SY et al. · BMC nephrology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Anemia status transitions, cumulative hemoglobin exposure, and component-specific associations with sarcopenia.

This longitudinal analysis studied how anemia status transitions and cumulative hemoglobin exposure relate to sarcopenia and its components in 2,507 middle-aged and older adults from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The key finding was that different anemia transition patterns (persistent non-anemia, incident anemia, resolved anemia, persistent anemia) and hemoglobin exposure measures were associated with sarcopenia risk and component-specific outcomes. Clinically, these results suggest that monitoring anemia trajectories—not just baseline hemoglobin—may help identify older adults at higher risk for sarcopenia.

Yan J, Huang Y, Lu W et al. · Nutrition & metabolism · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Understanding viral blips in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a nationwide Swedish cohort study of 4,210 individuals.

This nationwide Swedish cohort study investigated incidence and determinants of viral blips in 4,210 treatment-naïve people with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), comparing INSTI-based regimens with NNRTI- and protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens. The key finding was the quantification of viral blip frequency and identification of factors associated with viral blips, with emphasis on differences by ART regimen class. Clinically, understanding regimen-related and patient-related predictors of viral blips can improve monitoring strategies and reduce unnecessary concern about transient viremia.

Sörstedt E, Nilsson S, Sönnerborg A et al. · BMC infectious diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Association between insulin resistance-related indices and the risk of recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

This study examined whether insulin resistance-related indices—including TyG, TyG-BMI, METS-IR, TG/HDL-C, eGDR, and CTI—predict recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The key finding was that one or more of these routine-biomarker-derived insulin resistance surrogates (including the novel CTI) were associated with post-ablation recurrence risk. Scientifically and clinically, using insulin-resistance indices could help refine recurrence risk stratification and guide metabolic risk management around AF ablation.

Wang Z, Wang H, Guo X et al. · Cardiovascular diabetology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Integrated proteomics and machine learning reveal AHNAK as a discriminative biomarker of atrial fibrillation in heart failure.

This study integrated label-free quantitative plasma proteomics with machine learning feature selection to identify biomarkers discriminating atrial fibrillation (AF) in the setting of heart failure (HF) among 59 hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HF. The key finding was that AHNAK emerged as a discriminative biomarker for AF in HF based on proteomic differences and machine-learning-driven selection. Clinically, AHNAK could support earlier AF detection in HF patients and motivate validation as a blood-based diagnostic tool.

Zhu W, Gu Z, Huang Y et al. · BMC medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Effectiveness of oral and inhaled repurposed and antiviral pharmaceutical treatments for acute SARS-CoV-2 in outpatient settings: a systematic review of 124 randomized trials.

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of oral and inhaled repurposed and antiviral drugs for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in adult outpatients across randomized controlled trials. Across 124 randomized trials published through March 2024, the review synthesized evidence on which therapies reduce clinically important outcomes such as progression to severe disease and hospitalization (specific drug-by-outcome results truncated in abstract). The findings help consolidate rapidly evolving outpatient treatment evidence and inform clinical decision-making and guideline updates for early COVID-19 management.

Hosseini B, Pablo LA, Piszczek J et al. · BMC infectious diseases · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Adiposity and the risk of aortic dissection incidence and mortality: results from the UK Biobank, the J-SHC study and a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

This cohort analysis and meta-analysis examined whether adiposity is associated with incidence and mortality from aortic dissection using UK Biobank and the Japan Specific Health Checkups (J-SHC) Study. With 496,255 participants (UK Biobank) and 630,841 participants (J-SHC), the authors used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to quantify associations between adiposity measures and aortic dissection outcomes (specific adiposity metrics and effect sizes truncated in abstract). The study clarifies cardiovascular risk linked to body fat beyond BMI and can improve risk prediction and prevention strategies for aortic dissection.

Dillman A, Otaki Y, Sanchez-Perez M et al. · European journal of epidemiology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Gene Delivery, Genome Editing, and Synthetic Biology

CD51 delineates functionally distinct astrocyte subtypes in neural circuits.

This study used a newly generated CD51-FLP mouse line to compare CD51+ versus CD51− astrocyte subpopulations in vivo and determine how they differ in neural circuit function. The key finding was that CD51+ and CD51− astrocytes show distinct morphological and physiological properties, indicating functionally specialized astrocyte subtypes. Scientifically, it provides a genetic handle to dissect astrocyte contributions to circuit computation and behavior, with potential relevance for astrocyte-targeted therapies.

Woo J, Williamson MR, Choi D et al. · Nature · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

In vivo Gene Writing with engineered retrotransposons.

The study developed “Gene Writers,” an in vivo gene-writing platform using engineered non-LTR retrotransposons to integrate gene-length cargos in human cells and demonstrated its function in CAR-T generation. Gene Writers enabled efficient, stable insertion of reporter genes using RNA templates introduced in trans and generated CD19 and CD20 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells ex vivo with robust antitumor activity. This provides a scalable approach for programmable, large-cargo genome integration that could expand the capabilities of cell-based immunotherapies.

Li D, De Iaco A, Ngan KC et al. · Cell · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

StitchR-based dual-AAV delivery strategies enable efficient transduction of defined neural cell populations.

This study developed and tested four StitchR-based dual-AAV reconstitution strategies to enable efficient, cell-type–specific gene delivery to defined neural populations. By combining high-efficiency AAV serotypes with neuron- or glia-specific promoters, including an AAV11-hSyn-driven StitchR strategy, the authors achieved highly specific transduction of local neurons and upstream projection neurons (reported specificity ≥94.44%). This advances dual-AAV gene delivery for neuroscience and gene therapy by improving targeting precision to specific neural cell populations.

Luo N, Gao Y, Han Z et al. · Molecular brain · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

AI-guided design and biomaterial integration for next-generation extracellular vesicle therapeutics: an evidence-weighted translational framework.

This translational framework paper proposed an evidence-weighted, AI-guided approach integrating biomaterials and validation systems to design next-generation extracellular vesicle (EV) therapeutics. It argues that while AI has strong retrospective performance for classification and feature discovery, prospective validation for therapeutic design remains limited and should be systematically incorporated alongside biomaterial integration. The significance lies in providing a structured roadmap to improve EV target-site retention, biodistribution predictability, and potency consistency for clinical translation.

Tian J, Li Q, Li N et al. · Journal of nanobiotechnology · (2026) · 1 citations · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Sox3 stabilizes the actin core of hair cell stereocilia essential for hearing.

This study investigated how the transcription factor Sox3 regulates the actin core stability of inner ear hair cell stereocilia in mice. Sox3 loss caused progressive stereocilia core disassembly with hearing loss and impaired mechanotransduction, increased susceptibility to acoustic trauma, and defective repair, while Sox3 overexpression conferred resilience; mechanistically, Sox3 deletion downregulated β-thymosin genes including Tmsb10. These findings identify Sox3–β-thymosin/Tmsb10 signaling as a molecular determinant of lifelong stereocilia structural maintenance, suggesting a targetable pathway for preventing or mitigating hearing loss.

Wang WX, Zhou LY, Zhu Y et al. · EMBO reports · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Small variant calling in the era of long-read sequencing.

This review studied how small-variant calling methods have evolved in the era of long-read sequencing, focusing on the distinct error profiles of long-read data and the resulting shift toward deep learning. It found that deep learning-based variant callers, integrated with alignment-based, assembly-based, and pangenome-based strategies, are increasingly used across germline, de novo, somatic, and mosaic variant detection and for both DNA and RNA modalities. The synthesis is clinically and scientifically significant because it maps the methodological landscape needed to accurately interpret human genetic diversity from long-read technologies.

Zheng Z, Sedlazeck FJ, Luo R · Nature reviews. Genetics · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗

Genetic code expansion enables plant-directed control of bacterial activity.

This study investigated whether genetic code expansion can program plant-directed control of bacterial activity using the noncanonical amino acid O-methyl-L-tyrosine (OMY) in Bacillus subtilis. The authors engineered B. subtilis with an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair so that, upon OMY addition, in-frame amber stop suppression enables OMY-dependent control of protein synthesis. This provides a host-conditional, chemically controllable strategy for deploying beneficial microbes in soil, with potential for field-ready agricultural microbiome engineering.

Zhong V, Jones MA, Cabales A et al. · Nature biotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Engineered human Argonaute 2 for targeted C-to-U RNA base editing.

This study investigated engineered human Argonaute 2 (AGO2) as a programmable RNA targeting platform for C-to-U RNA base editing in human cells. By fusing AGO2 to a C-to-U deaminase (creating ALTER) and using structure-modulating guide RNAs to improve selectivity and reduce nuclease activity, the approach achieved targeted RNA editing with improved performance metrics (reported ~1.9-fold increase on average). The work is significant because it replaces nonhuman RNA-editing scaffolds with a human protein-based system, potentially improving specificity and translational feasibility for RNA therapeutics.

Lusi RF, Moncayo von Hase S, Model C et al. · Nature biotechnology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Spatial multi-omic atlas profiles early organogenesis of a Carnegie stage 12 human embryo.

This study investigated early human embryonic organogenesis by generating spatially co-registered transcriptomic and metabolomic maps of a Carnegie stage 12 (CS12) human embryo. Unsupervised clustering of spatial transcriptomics identified 17 cell populations spanning major organ primordia, and the authors observed spatially separable hepatocyte- and cholangiocyte-lineage priming signatures. The scientific significance is that it provides an integrated spatial multi-omic framework for dissecting transcriptional and metabolic programs during a critical window of human development.

Wang LJ, Yang H, Song J et al. · Nature cell biology · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

Intramuscular self-amplifying RNA and adenoviral RSV vaccines program distinct systemic and respiratory mucosal immune architectures.

This study investigated how vaccine platform choice shapes systemic versus respiratory mucosal immunity using intramuscular prime-boost RSV vaccines in mice. In a head-to-head comparison, an LNP-delivered self-amplifying RNA vaccine (LNP-RSV-preF saRNA) and a recombinant Ad5-vectored vaccine (Ad5-RSV-preF) produced distinct immune architectures across systemic and respiratory mucosal compartments. The findings are significant for RSV vaccine design because they show that, even with the same RSV prefusion antigen context, the delivery platform can differentially program frontline respiratory protection.

Zhang Y, Qin Y, Qi Z et al. · EMBO molecular medicine · (2026) · View on PubMed ↗ · Free PDF ↗

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Generated automatically on October 23, 2026 from PubMed’s trending articles. Summaries are AI-generated; always consult the original publication for clinical or research decisions.